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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
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[#]: translator: (geekpi)
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[#]: reviewer: ( )
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[#]: publisher: ( )
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[#]: url: ( )
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[#]: subject: (How to rename a group of files on Linux)
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[#]: via: (https://www.networkworld.com/article/3433865/how-to-rename-a-group-of-files-on-linux.html)
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[#]: author: (Sandra Henry-Stocker https://www.networkworld.com/author/Sandra-Henry_Stocker/)
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How to rename a group of files on Linux
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======
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To rename a group of files with a single command, use the rename command. It requires the use of regular expressions and can tell you what changes will be made before making them.
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![Manchester City Library \(CC BY-SA 2.0\)][1]
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For decades, Linux users have been renaming files with the **mv** command. It’s easy, and the command does just what you expect. Yet sometimes you need to rename a large group of files. When that is the case, the **rename** command can make the task a lot easier. It just requires a little finesse with regular expressions.
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**[ Two-Minute Linux Tips: [Learn how to master a host of Linux commands in these 2-minute video tutorials][2] ]**
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Unlike the **mv** command, **rename** isn’t going to allow you to simply specify the old and new names. Instead, it uses a regular expression like those you'd use with Perl. In the example below, the "s" specifies that we're substituting the second string (old) for the first, thus changing **this.new** to **this.old**.
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```
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$ rename 's/new/old/' this.new
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$ ls this*
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this.old
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```
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A change as simple as that would be easier using **mv this.new this.old**, but change the literal string “this” to the wild card “*” and you would rename all of your *.new files to *.old files with a single command:
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```
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$ ls *.new
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report.new schedule.new stats.new this.new
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$ rename 's/new/old/' *.new
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$ ls *.old
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report.old schedule.old stats.old this.old
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```
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As you might expect, the **rename** command isn’t restricted to changing file extensions. If you needed to change files named “report.*” to “review.*”, you could manage that with a command like this:
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```
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$ rename 's/report/review/' *
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```
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The strings supplied in the regular expressions can make changes to any portion of a file name — whether file names or extensions.
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```
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$ rename 's/123/124/' *
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$ ls *124*
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status.124 report124.txt
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```
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If you add the **-v** option to a **rename** command, the command will provide some feedback so that you can see the changes you made, maybe including any you didn’t intend — making it easier to notice and revert changes as needed.
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```
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$ rename -v 's/123/124/' *
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status.123 renamed as status.124
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report123.txt renamed as report124.txt
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```
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On the other hand, using the **-n** (or **\--nono**) option makes the **rename** command tell you the changes that it would make without actually making them. This can save you from making changes you may not be intending to make and then having to revert those changes.
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```
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$ rename -n 's/old/save/' *
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rename(logger.man-old, logger.man-save)
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rename(lyrics.txt-old, lyrics.txt-save)
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rename(olderfile-, saveerfile-)
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rename(oldfile, savefile)
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rename(review.old, review.save)
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rename(schedule.old, schedule.save)
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rename(stats.old, stats.save)
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rename(this.old, this.save)
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```
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If you're then happy with those changes, you can then run the command without the **-n** option to make the file name changes.
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Notice, however, that the “.” within the regular expressions will not be treated as a period, but as a wild card that will match any character. Some of the changes in the examples above and below are likely not what was intended by the person typing the command.
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```
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$ rename -n 's/.old/.save/' *
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rename(logger.man-old, logger.man.save)
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rename(lyrics.txt-old, lyrics.txt.save)
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rename(review.old, review.save)
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rename(schedule.old, schedule.save)
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rename(stats.old, stats.save)
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rename(this.old, this.save)
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```
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To ensure that a period is taken literally, put a backslash in front of it. This will keep it from being interpreted as a wild card and matching any character. Notice that only the “.old” files are selected when this change is made.
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```
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$ rename -n 's/\.old/.save/' *
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rename(review.old, review.save)
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rename(schedule.old, schedule.save)
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rename(stats.old, stats.save)
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rename(this.old, this.save)
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```
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A command like the one below would change all uppercase letters in file names to lowercase except that the -n option is being used to make sure we review the changes that would be made before we run the command to make the changes. Notice the use of the “y” in the regular expression; it’s required for making the case changes.
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```
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$ rename -n 'y/A-Z/a-z/' W*
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rename(WARNING_SIGN.pdf, warning_sign.pdf)
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rename(Will_Gardner_buttons.pdf, will_gardner_buttons.pdf)
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rename(Wingding_Invites.pdf, wingding_invites.pdf)
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rename(WOW-buttons.pdf, wow-buttons.pdf)
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```
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In the example above, we're changing all uppercase letters to lowercase, but only in file names that begin with an uppercase W.
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### Wrap-up
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The **rename** command is very helpful when you need to rename a lot of files. Just be careful not to make more changes than you intended. Keep in mind that the **-n** (or spelled out as **\--nono**) option can help you avoid time-consuming mistakes.
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**[Now read this: [Linux hardening: A 15-step checklist for a secure Linux server][3] ]**
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Join the Network World communities on [Facebook][4] and [LinkedIn][5] to comment on topics that are top of mind.
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3433865/how-to-rename-a-group-of-files-on-linux.html
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作者：[Sandra Henry-Stocker][a]
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选题：[lujun9972][b]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://www.networkworld.com/author/Sandra-Henry_Stocker/
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[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
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[1]: https://images.idgesg.net/images/article/2019/08/card-catalog-machester_city_library-100809242-large.jpg
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[2]: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL7D2RMSmRO9J8OTpjFECi8DJiTQdd4hua
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[3]: http://www.networkworld.com/article/3143050/linux/linux-hardening-a-15-step-checklist-for-a-secure-linux-server.html
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[4]: https://www.facebook.com/NetworkWorld/
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[5]: https://www.linkedin.com/company/network-world
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@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
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[#]: translator: (geekpi)
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[#]: reviewer: ( )
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[#]: publisher: ( )
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[#]: url: ( )
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[#]: subject: (How to rename a group of files on Linux)
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[#]: via: (https://www.networkworld.com/article/3433865/how-to-rename-a-group-of-files-on-linux.html)
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[#]: author: (Sandra Henry-Stocker https://www.networkworld.com/author/Sandra-Henry_Stocker/)
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如何在 Linux 上重命名一组文件
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======
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要用单个命令重命名一组文件，请使用 rename 命令。它需要使用正则表达式，并且可以在开始前告诉你会有什么更改。
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![Manchester City Library \(CC BY-SA 2.0\)][1]
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几十年来，Linux 用户一直使用 **mv** 命令重命名文件。它很简单，并且能做到你要做的。但有时你需要重命名一大组文件。在这种情况下，**rename** 命令可以使这个任务更容易。它只需要一些正则表达式的技巧。
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与 **mv** 命令不同，**rename** 不允许你简单地指定旧名称和新名称。相反，它使用类似于 Perl 中的正则表达式。在下面的例子中，“s” 指定我们将第一个字符串替换为第二个字符串（旧的），从而将 **this.new** 变为 **this.old**。
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```
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$ rename 's/new/old/' this.new
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$ ls this*
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this.old
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```
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使用 **mv this.new this.old** 可以更容易地进行更改，但是将字符串 “this” 变成通配符 “\*” ，用一条命令将 \*.new 重命名为 \*.old 的话：
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```
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$ ls *.new
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report.new schedule.new stats.new this.new
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$ rename 's/new/old/' *.new
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$ ls *.old
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report.old schedule.old stats.old this.old
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```
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正如你所料，**rename** 命令不限于更改文件扩展名。如果你需要将名为 “report.*” 的文件更改为 “review.*”，那么可以使用以下命令进行管理：
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```
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$ rename 's/report/review/' *
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```
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正则表达式中的字符串可以更改文件名的任何部分 - 无论是文件名还是扩展名。
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```
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$ rename 's/123/124/' *
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$ ls *124*
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status.124 report124.txt
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```
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如果你在 **rename** 命令中添加 **-v** 选项，那么该命令将提供一些反馈，以便你可以看到所做的更改，或许会包含你没注意的。这让你注意到并按需还原更改。
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```
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$ rename -v 's/123/124/' *
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status.123 renamed as status.124
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report123.txt renamed as report124.txt
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```
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另一方面，使用 **-n**（或 **\--nono**）选项会使 **rename** 命令告诉你将要做但不会实际做的更改。这可以让你免于执行不不想要的操作，然后再还原更改。
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```
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$ rename -n 's/old/save/' *
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rename(logger.man-old, logger.man-save)
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rename(lyrics.txt-old, lyrics.txt-save)
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rename(olderfile-, saveerfile-)
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rename(oldfile, savefile)
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rename(review.old, review.save)
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rename(schedule.old, schedule.save)
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rename(stats.old, stats.save)
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rename(this.old, this.save)
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```
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如果你对这些更改满意，那么就可以运行不带 **-n** 选项的命令来更改文件名。
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但请注意，正则表达式中的 “.” 不会被视为句点，而是作为匹配任何字符的通配符。上面和下面的示例中的一些更改可能不是输入命令的人希望的。
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```
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$ rename -n 's/.old/.save/' *
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rename(logger.man-old, logger.man.save)
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rename(lyrics.txt-old, lyrics.txt.save)
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rename(review.old, review.save)
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rename(schedule.old, schedule.save)
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rename(stats.old, stats.save)
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rename(this.old, this.save)
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```
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为确保句点按照字面意思执行，请在它的前面加一个反斜杠。这将使其不被解释为通配符并匹配任何字符。请注意，进行此更改时，仅选择了 “.old” 文件。
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```
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$ rename -n 's/\.old/.save/' *
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rename(review.old, review.save)
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rename(schedule.old, schedule.save)
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rename(stats.old, stats.save)
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rename(this.old, this.save)
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```
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下面的命令会将文件名中的所有大写字母更改为小写，除了使用 -n 选项来确保我们在命令执行之前检查将做的修改。注意在正则表达式中使用了 “y”，这是改变大小写所必需的。
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```
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$ rename -n 'y/A-Z/a-z/' W*
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rename(WARNING_SIGN.pdf, warning_sign.pdf)
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rename(Will_Gardner_buttons.pdf, will_gardner_buttons.pdf)
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rename(Wingding_Invites.pdf, wingding_invites.pdf)
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rename(WOW-buttons.pdf, wow-buttons.pdf)
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```
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在上面的例子中，我们将所有大写字母更改为了小写，但这仅对以大写字母 W 开头的文件名。
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### 总结
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当你需要重命名大量文件时，**rename** 命令非常有用。请注意不要做比预期更多的更改。请记住，**-n**（或者 **\--nono**）选项可以帮助你避免耗时的错误。
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在 [Facebook][4] 和 [LinkedIn][5] 中加入 Network World 社区，评论热门主题。
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via:
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作者：[Sandra Henry-Stocker][a]
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选题：[lujun9972][b]
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译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://www.networkworld.com/author/Sandra-Henry_Stocker/
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[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
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[1]: https://images.idgesg.net/images/article/2019/08/card-catalog-machester_city_library-100809242-large.jpg
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[4]: https://www.facebook.com/NetworkWorld/
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[5]: https://www.linkedin.com/company/network-world
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