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[being translated] by thinkinglk
How to manage Linux server with GUI
================================================================================
A typical Linux server runs in a command line interface (CLI) environment, preloaded with bare essential tools needed to install and configure various headless services. Compared to a full-blown GUI desktop image, such a minimal setup is advantageous in terms of security, resource consumption and speed.
If you are used to GUI-based environment, however, you may wonder whether there is a GUI for Linux server. A typical Linux desktop environment like GNOME, KDE, etc. will probably be too resource-heavy for what it's worth, and not as secure simply because there will be more code subject to potential security vulnerabilities.
An alternative to a full-blown desktop GUI is to use a **web-based server administration tool**. There are several web-based system configuration tools, such as [Webmin][1], [ISPconfig][2], [Zentyal][3], etc.
In this tutorial, I will describe **how to manage and configure a Linux server with Webmin's web-based GUI**.
Webmin is a lightweight (~20 MB) system configuration tool written in Perl. Webmin has a built-in web server, allowing users to configure a Linux server via web interface. One of its strength is its modular architecture where you can load modules to Webmin to extend its functionality.
### Install Webmin on Linux Server ###
To install Webmin on Ubuntu or Debian server, you can use the following commands.
$ sudo apt-get install perl libnet-ssleay-perl openssl libauthen-pam-perl libpam-runtime libio-pty-perl apt-show-versions python
$ wget http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/webadmin/webmin_1.660_all.deb
$ sudo dpkg -i webmin_1.660_all.deb
To install Webmin on CentOS or RHEL server, use these commands.
$ wget http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/webadmin/webmin_1.660_all.deb
$ sudo rpm -U webmin-1.660-1.noarch.rpm
### Access Webmin Interface ###
Once you installed Webmin, you can access Webmin by going to https://<HOST_IP>:10000 on a web browser. If you have a firewall enabled, make sure that TCP 10000 port is not blocked.
Also, note that you should use HTTPS, not HTTP. Otherwise, you will get a redirection error. By default, Webmin runs in SSL mode with a default SSL certificate generated by Webmin.
Once you see Webmin's login page, you can log in as root (with the root password) or as any user who can use sudo on the Linux server. After logging in, you will see the status summary of your Linux server as follows.
[![](http://farm4.staticflickr.com/3803/10937800943_e1ac465c3f_z.jpg)][4]
### Webmin Features ###
Webmin boasts of an extremely rich set of features that allow you to configure almost every aspect of a given Linux server. In the following, let me give you a glimpse of some of its powerful features.
Enable or disable boot-time services, and show their configuration status.
[![](http://farm8.staticflickr.com/7437/10937589506_7abcaac10e_z.jpg)][5]
Monitor the status of server and services in real time, and configure scheduled monitoring and notification emails. Here you can monitor various server daemons such as NFS, MySQL, BIND DNS, Squid proxy, Apache Web server, etc., as well as system resources such as disk storage, memory or network traffic.
Configure iptables-based firewall rules.
[![](http://farm4.staticflickr.com/3679/10937801173_61cd4b11a3_z.jpg)][6]
Configure local routing table and gateways.
Mount and configure a filesystem.
[![](http://farm4.staticflickr.com/3710/10937589556_9fd192cdb9_z.jpg)][7]
Access and modify local file system via web-based file manager interface. This requires Java plugin for web browser.
Change Webmin configurations, where you can access-control IP addresses, add/remove Webmin modules, enable two-factor authentication for secure login, set up certificate authority, etc.
[![](http://farm8.staticflickr.com/7317/10937532015_b5e1263496_z.jpg)][8]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: http://xmodulo.com/2013/11/manage-linux-server-gui.html
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[1]:http://www.webmin.com/
[2]:http://www.ispconfig.org/
[3]:http://www.zentyal.org/
[4]:http://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/10937800943/
[5]:http://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/10937589506/
[6]:http://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/10937801173/
[7]:http://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/10937589556/
[8]:http://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/10937532015/

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如何使用图形界面管理linux服务器
================================================================================
一台典型的linux服务器运行在预先载入了一些基本工具和配置服务的命令行界面环境中。和一些成熟的具有图形界面的桌面软件相比，就安全性、资源消费和速度来说，如此小的配置无疑是一个优点。
如果你曾经用过基于图形界面的软件环境，你也许会想在Linux服务器中是否也有图形界面。典型的Linux桌面环境如`GNOME`、`KDE`等，它们提供的功能相比带来的系统资源负担是不值得，而且还不够安全因为更多的代码会带来安全弱点。
替换成熟的基于图形界面桌面系统的一种可选方法是使用 **基于Web的管理工具**。现在已经有许多基于Web的配置管理工具, 如 [Webmin][1], [ISPconfig][2], [Zentyal][3], 等。
在这篇教程中, 我会讲述 **怎样利用基于Web的界面工具来管理和配置Linux服务器**.
Webmin 是一个用`Perl`语言写的轻型 (~20 MB) 系统配置工具。 Webmin 具有内置的web服务器， 允许用户通过web接口来配置Linux服务器。 其中一个优点是由于它是基于模块架构的，你可以选择性加载模块来扩展其功能。
### Linux服务器上安装Webmin ###
在 Ubuntu 或 Debian 系统中安装Webmin， 你可以使用如下命令。
$ sudo apt-get install perl libnet-ssleay-perl openssl libauthen-pam-perl libpam-runtime libio-pty-perl apt-show-versions python
$ wget http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/webadmin/webmin_1.660_all.deb
$ sudo dpkg -i webmin_1.660_all.deb
在CentOS 或 RHEL 系统中安装Webmin， 使用如下命令：
$ wget http://prdownloads.sourceforge.net/webadmin/webmin_1.660_all.deb
$ sudo rpm -U webmin-1.660-1.noarch.rpm
### 使用 Webmin ###
一旦你安装了Webmin, 你可以通过在浏览器中输入 https://<HOST_IP>:10000 来使用。 如果你开启了防火墙， 请确保TCP端口 10000 没有被使用。
同时， 请注意你应该使用 HTTPS， 而不是 HTTP。 否则， 会出现重定向错误。 Webmin 默认使用其自己生成的的SSL验证模式。
一旦你进入了Webmin登录页面， 你可以使用root身份登录 (当然需要输入root账户密码) 或者使用具有root权限的任何用户账户登录。 登录成功后， 你可以看到如下Linux服务器的状态信息。
[![](http://farm4.staticflickr.com/3803/10937800943_e1ac465c3f_z.jpg)][4]
### Webmin 的特点 ###
Webmin 一个引以为豪的有点就是它几乎能够配置任何Linux服务器所支持的配置。 下面， 让我们介绍一下它的重要功能。
开启或关闭 boot-time 服务， 同时会显示他们相关配置信息。
[![](http://farm8.staticflickr.com/7437/10937589506_7abcaac10e_z.jpg)][5]
实时监控服务器状态和其他服务， 同时配置调度监控和提醒邮件。 你也可以监控一系列守护进程如 NFS, MySQL, BIND DNS, Squid proxy, Apache Web server等， 或者系统资源如 磁盘信息 (disk storage)、内存和网络故障(memory or network traffic)等。
配置 iptables-based firewall。
[![](http://farm4.staticflickr.com/3679/10937801173_61cd4b11a3_z.jpg)][6]
配置本地路由表和网关。
挂载和配置文件系统。
[![](http://farm4.staticflickr.com/3710/10937589556_9fd192cdb9_z.jpg)][7]
通过文件管理接口来查看和修改本地文件，但是这需要浏览器有相关的java插件。
通过改变Webmin的相关配置，你可以控制管理 IP 地址， 添加/删除 Webmin 功能模块， 开启 two-factor 认证来使用安全登录功能，或者创建权威验证等。
[![](http://farm8.staticflickr.com/7317/10937532015_b5e1263496_z.jpg)][8]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: http://xmodulo.com/2013/11/manage-linux-server-gui.html
译者：[thinkinglk](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[1]:http://www.webmin.com/
[2]:http://www.ispconfig.org/
[3]:http://www.zentyal.org/
[4]:http://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/10937800943/
[5]:http://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/10937589506/
[6]:http://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/10937801173/
[7]:http://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/10937589556/
[8]:http://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/10937532015/