mirror of
https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject.git
synced 2025-01-28 23:20:10 +08:00
Merge pull request #16756 from lujun9972/add-MjAxOTEyMjIgSG93IHRvIFVwZGF0ZSBHcnViIG9uIFVidW50dSBhbmQgT3RoZXIgTGludXggRGlzdHJpYnV0aW9ucy5tZAo=
自动选题: 20191222 How to Update Grub on Ubuntu and Other Linux Distributions
This commit is contained in:
Xingyu.Wang
GitHub
commit
3eaf1a7127
@ -0,0 +1,127 @@
|
||||
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||
[#]: translator: ( )
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: ( )
|
||||
[#]: publisher: ( )
|
||||
[#]: url: ( )
|
||||
[#]: subject: (How to Update Grub on Ubuntu and Other Linux Distributions)
|
||||
[#]: via: (https://itsfoss.com/update-grub/)
|
||||
[#]: author: (Abhishek Prakash https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/)
|
||||
|
||||
How to Update Grub on Ubuntu and Other Linux Distributions
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
In this tutorial, you’ll learn to update grub on Ubuntu or any other Linux distribution. You’ll also learn a thing or two about how this grub update process works.
|
||||
|
||||
### How to update grub
|
||||
|
||||
Ubuntu and many other Linux distributions provide a handy command line utility called update-grub.
|
||||
|
||||
To update grub, all you have to do is to run this command in the terminal with sudo.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
sudo update-grub
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
You should see an output like this:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
[email protected]:~$ sudo update-grub
|
||||
[sudo] password for abhishek:
|
||||
Sourcing file `/etc/default/grub'
|
||||
Generating grub configuration file ...
|
||||
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-5.0.0-37-generic
|
||||
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-5.0.0-37-generic
|
||||
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-5.0.0-36-generic
|
||||
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-5.0.0-36-generic
|
||||
Found linux image: /boot/vmlinuz-5.0.0-31-generic
|
||||
Found initrd image: /boot/initrd.img-5.0.0-31-generic
|
||||
Found Ubuntu 19.10 (19.10) on /dev/sda4
|
||||
Found MX 19 patito feo (19) on /dev/sdb1
|
||||
Adding boot menu entry for EFI firmware configuration
|
||||
done
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
You may see a similar command called update-grub2. No need to be alarmed or confused between update-grub and update-grub2. Both of these commands do the same action.
|
||||
|
||||
Around ten years ago, when grub2 was just introduced, update-grub2 command was also introduced. Today, update-grub2 is just a symbolic link to update-grub and both update grub2 configuration (because grub2 is the default).
|
||||
|
||||
#### Can’t find update-grub command? Here’s what to do in that case
|
||||
|
||||
It’s possible that your Linux distribution might not have update-grub command available.
|
||||
|
||||
What do you do in that case? How do you update grub on such a Linux distribution?
|
||||
|
||||
There is no need to panic. The update-grub command is simply a stub for running ‘grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg’ to generate grub2 config file.
|
||||
|
||||
Which means that you can update grub with the following command on any Linux distribution:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
sudo grub-mkconfig -o /boot/grub/grub.cfg
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Of course, remembering update-grub command is a lot easier than the above command and this is the reason why it was created in the first place.
|
||||
|
||||
### How does update-grub work?
|
||||
|
||||
When you install a Linux distribution, it (usually) asks you to install the [grub boot loader][1].
|
||||
|
||||
Part of grub is installed on the MBR/ESP partition. Rest of the grub lies in /boo/grub directory of the Linux distributions.
|
||||
|
||||
As per its [man page][2], update-grub works by looking into the /boot directory. All the files starting with [vmlinuz-][3] will be treated as kernels and they will get a grub menu entry. It will also add initrd lines for [ramdisk][4] images found with the same version as kernels found.
|
||||
|
||||
It also looks into all disk partitions for other operating systems with [os-prober][5]. If it finds other operating systems, it adds them to the grub menu.
|
||||
|
||||
![Representational image of Grub Menu][6]
|
||||
|
||||
### Why would you need to update grub?
|
||||
|
||||
There could be a number of scenarios when you need to update grub.
|
||||
|
||||
Suppose you changed the grub config file (/etc/default/grub) to [change the default boot order][7] or reduce the default boot time. Your changes won’t take into effect unless you update the grub.
|
||||
|
||||
Another scenario is when you have multiple Linux distributions installed on the same system.
|
||||
|
||||
For example, on my Intel NUC, I have two disks. The first disk had Ubuntu 19.10 and then I installed Ubuntu 18.04 on it. The second OS (Ubuntu 18.04) also installed its own grub and now the grub screen is controlled by Ubuntu 18.04 grub.
|
||||
|
||||
On the second disk, I installed MX Linux but I didn’t install grub this time. I want the existing grub (controlled by Ubuntu 18.04) to handle all the OS entries.
|
||||
|
||||
Now, in this scenario, the grub on Ubuntu 18.04 needs to be updated so that it can see [MX Linux][8].
|
||||
|
||||
![][9]
|
||||
|
||||
As you can see in the image above, when I update the grub, it finds various Linux kernels installed on 18.04 along with Ubuntu 19.10 and MX Linux on different partition.
|
||||
|
||||
If I want MX Linux to control the grub, I can install grub on MX Linux with [grub-install][10] command and then the grub on MX Linux will start controlling the grub screen. You get the gist, right?
|
||||
|
||||
Using a GUI tool like [Grub Customizer][11] is a simpler way to make changes in grub.
|
||||
|
||||
**In the end…**
|
||||
|
||||
Initially, I had intended to keep it a short article as a quick tip. But then I thought of explaining a few things associated with it so that (relatively) new Linux users could learn more than just a simple command.
|
||||
|
||||
Did you like it? Do you have some questions or suggestions? Please feel free to leave a comment.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://itsfoss.com/update-grub/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Abhishek Prakash][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_GRUB
|
||||
[2]: https://manpages.debian.org/testing/grub-legacy/update-grub.8.en.html
|
||||
[3]: https://www.ibm.com/developerworks/community/blogs/mhhaque/entry/anatomy_of_the_initrd_and_vmlinuz?lang=en
|
||||
[4]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Initial_ramdisk
|
||||
[5]: https://packages.debian.org/sid/utils/os-prober
|
||||
[6]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/grub_screen.png?ssl=1
|
||||
[7]: https://itsfoss.com/grub-customizer-ubuntu/
|
||||
[8]: https://mxlinux.org/
|
||||
[9]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/update_grub.png?ssl=1
|
||||
[10]: https://www.gnu.org/software/grub/manual/grub/html_node/Installing-GRUB-using-grub_002dinstall.html
|
||||
[11]: https://itsfoss.com/customize-grub-linux/
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user