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TSL 20200323 How to create a personal file server with SSH on Linux
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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
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[#]: translator: (lxbwolf)
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[#]: reviewer: ( )
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[#]: publisher: ( )
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[#]: url: ( )
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[#]: subject: (How to create a personal file server with SSH on Linux)
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[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/20/3/personal-file-server-ssh)
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[#]: author: (Jim Hall https://opensource.com/users/jim-hall)
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How to create a personal file server with SSH on Linux
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======
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Connecting to a remote Linux system over SSH is just plain easy. Here's
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how to do it.
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![Hand putting a Linux file folder into a drawer][1]
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The Raspberry Pi makes for a useful and inexpensive home server for lots of things. I most often use the [Raspberry Pi as a print server][2] to share a laser printer with other devices in our home or as a personal file server to store copies of projects and other data.
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I use this file server in various ways. Let's say I'm working on a project, such as a new book, and I want to make a snapshot copy of my work and all my associated files. In that case, I simply copy my **BookProject** folder to a **BookBackup** folder on the file server.
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Or if I'm cleaning up my local files, and I discover some files that I don't really need but I'm not yet ready to delete, I'll copy them to a **KeepForLater** folder on the file server. That's a convenient way to remove clutter from my everyday Linux system and offload infrequently used files to my personal file server.
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Setting up a Raspberry Pi—or any Linux system—as a personal file server doesn't require configuring Network File System (NFS) or Common Internet File System (CIFS) or tinkering with other file-sharing systems such as WebDAV. You can easily set up a remote file server using SSH. And here's how.
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### Set up SSHD on the remote system
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Your Linux system probably has the SSH daemon (sshd) installed. It may even be running by default. If not, you can easily set up SSH through whatever control panel you prefer on your Linux distribution. I run [Fedora ARM][3] on my Raspberry Pi, and I can access the control panel remotely by pointing my Pi's web browser to port 9090. (On my home network, the Raspberry Pi's IP address is **10.0.0.11**, so I connect to **10.0.0.11:9090**.) If the SSH daemon isn't running by default, you can set it to start automatically in Services in the control panel.
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![sshd in the list of system services][4]
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You can find sshd in the list of system services.
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![slider to activate sshd][5]
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Click the slider to activate **sshd** if it isn't already.
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### Do you have an account?
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Make sure you have an account on the remote system. It might be the same as the username you use on your local system, or it could be something different.
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On the popular Raspbian distribution, the default account username is **pi**. But other Linux distributions may require you to set up a unique new user when you install it. If you don't know your username, you can use your distribution's control panel to create one. On my Raspberry Pi, I set up a **jhall** account that matches the username on my everyday Linux desktop machine.
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![Set up a new account on Fedora Server][6]
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If you use Fedora Server, click the **Create New Account** button to set up a new account.
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![Set password or SSH key][7]
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Don't forget to set a password or add a public SSH key.
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### Optional: Share your SSH public key
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If you exchange your public SSH key with the remote Linux system, you can log in without having to enter a password. This step is optional; you can use a password if you prefer.
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You can learn more about SSH keys in these Opensource.com articles:
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* [Tools for SSH key management][8]
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* [Graphically manage SSH keys with Seahorse][9]
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* [How to manage multiple SSH keys][10]
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* [How to enable SSH access using a GPG key for authentication][11]
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### Make a file manager shortcut
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Since you've started the SSH daemon on the remote system and set up your account username and password, all that's left is to map a shortcut to the other Linux system from your file manager. I use GNOME as my desktop, but the steps are basically the same for any Linux desktop.
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#### Make the initial connection
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In the GNOME file manager, look for the **+Other Locations** button in the left-hand navigation. Click that to open a **Connect to Server** prompt. Enter the address of the remote Linux server here, starting with the SSH connection protocol.
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![Creating a shortcut in GNOME file manager][12]
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The GNOME file manager supports a variety of connection protocols. To make a connection over SSH, start your server address with **sftp://** or **ssh://**.
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If your username is the same on your local Linux system and your remote Linux system, you can just enter the server's address and the folder location. To make my connection to the **/home/jhall** directory on my Raspberry Pi, I use:
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```
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`sftp://10.0.0.11/home/jhall`
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```
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![GNOME file manager Connect to Server][13]
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If your username is different, you can specify your remote system's username with an **@** sign before the remote system's address. To connect to a Raspbian system on the other end, you might use:
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```
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`sftp://pi@10.0.0.11/home/pi`
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```
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![GNOME file manager Connect to Server][14]
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If you didn't share your public SSH key, you may need to enter a password. Otherwise, the GNOME file manager should automatically open the folder on the remote system and let you navigate.
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![GNOME file manager connection][15]
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#### Create a shortcut so you can easily connect to the server later
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This is easy in the GNOME file manager. Right-click on the remote system's name in the navigation list, and select **Add Bookmark**. This creates a shortcut to the remote location.
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![GNOME file manager - adding bookmark][16]
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If you want to give the bookmark a more memorable name, you can right-click on the shortcut and choose **Rename**.
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### That's it!
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Connecting to a remote Linux system over SSH is just plain easy. And you can use the same method to connect to systems other than home file servers. I also have a shortcut that allows me to instantly access files on my provider's web server and another that lets me open a folder on my project server. SSH makes it a secure connection; all of my traffic is encrypted. Once I've opened the remote system over SSH, I can use the GNOME file manager to manage my remote files as easily as I'd manage my local folders.
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://opensource.com/article/20/3/personal-file-server-ssh
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作者：[Jim Hall][a]
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选题：[lujun9972][b]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://opensource.com/users/jim-hall
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[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
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[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/yearbook-haff-rx-linux-file-lead_0.png?itok=-i0NNfDC (Hand putting a Linux file folder into a drawer)
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[2]: https://opensource.com/article/18/3/print-server-raspberry-pi
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[3]: https://arm.fedoraproject.org/
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[4]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/fedora-server-control-panel-sshd.png (sshd in the list of system services)
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[5]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/fedora-server-control-panel-sshd-service.png (slider to activate sshd)
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[6]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/fedora-server-control-panel-accounts_create-user.png (Set up a new account on Fedora Server)
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[7]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/fedora-server-control-panel-accounts.png (Set password or SSH key)
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[8]: https://opensource.com/article/20/2/ssh-tools
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[9]: https://opensource.com/article/19/4/ssh-keys-seahorse
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[10]: https://opensource.com/article/19/4/gpg-subkeys-ssh-manage
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[11]: https://opensource.com/article/19/4/gpg-subkeys-ssh
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[12]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/gnome-file-manager-other-locations.png (Creating a shortcut in GNOME file manager)
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[13]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/gnome-file-manager-other-sftp.png (GNOME file manager Connect to Server)
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[14]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/gnome-file-manager-other-sftp-username.png (GNOME file manager Connect to Server)
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[15]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/gnome-file-manager-remote-jhall.png (GNOME file manager connection)
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[16]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/gnome-file-manager-remote-jhall-add-bookmark.png (GNOME file manager - adding bookmark)
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@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
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[#]: translator: (lxbwolf)
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[#]: reviewer: ( )
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[#]: publisher: ( )
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[#]: url: ( )
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[#]: subject: (How to create a personal file server with SSH on Linux)
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[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/20/3/personal-file-server-ssh)
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[#]: author: (Jim Hall https://opensource.com/users/jim-hall)
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怎样在 Linux 下用 SSH 搭建私人文件服务器
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======
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通过 SSH 连接远程 Linux 系统很简单。下面是教程。
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![Hand putting a Linux file folder into a drawer][1]
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使用树莓派可以搭建对很多事物有用的廉价家庭服务器。我的树莓派最常用来做[打印服务器][2]，可以在我的家庭网络中共享激光打印机，或作为私人文件服务器保存项目副本和其他数据。
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我的文件服务器有很多用途。假设我现在有一个项目，比如一本新书，我想备份我的工作的快照和所有关联的文件。这种场景下，我只需要把 **BookProject** 文件夹复制到文件服务器的 **BookBackup** 文件夹。
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或者我现在正在清理我的本地文件，我发现有些文件现在不需要，但是我不确定是否要删除，我会把它们复制到文件服务器的 **KeepForLater** 文件夹。对于清理我日常用的 Linux 系统上杂乱的文件，以及把不常用的文件备份到私人文件服务器，这是一种很方便的方法。
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用树莓派或其他 Linux 系统搭建私人文件服务器不需要配置 NFS（<ruby>网络文件系统<rt>Network File System</rt></ruby>>）或 CIFS（<ruby>通用互联网文件系统<rt>Common Internet File System</rt></ruby>）或改造其他的文件共享系统如 WebDAV。你可以很轻松的使用 SSH 来搭建远程文件服务器。下面是教程。
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### 在远程服务器上配置 SSHD
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你的 Linux 系统可能已经安装了 SSH daemon（sshd），甚至它是默认执行的。如果没有运行，你可以使用你 Linux 发行版本上你想要的任何控制面板来轻松配置 SSH。我在树莓派上运行了 [Fedora ARM][3]，通过把树莓派的 web 浏览器指向 9090 端口，我可以远程访问控制面板。（在我的家庭网络中，树莓派的 IP 地址是 **10.0.0.11**，因此我连接的是 **10.0.0.11:9090**。）如果 SSH daemon 默认没有运行，你可以在控制面板的 Services 里把它设置为开机启动。
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![sshd in the list of system services][4]
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你可以在系统服务列表里找到 sshd。
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![slider to activate sshd][5]
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如果 **sshd** 没有开启，点击切换按钮打开它。
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### 你有账号吗？
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你需要有个远程系统的账号。它可以与你本地系统的账号相同，也可以不同。
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在流行的 Raspbian 发行版本上，默认的账号名是 **pi**。但是其他的 Linux 发行版本可能需要你在安装系统时就设置一个独一无二的新用户。如果你不知道你的用户名，你可以用系统的控制面板创建一个。在我的树莓派上，我创建了一个 **jhall** 账号，与我日常用的 Linux 桌面机器的用户名相同。
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![Set up a new account on Fedora Server][6]
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如果你用的是 Fedora 服务器，你可以点击 **Create New Account** 按钮来创建新账号。
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![Set password or SSH key][7]
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不要忘记设置密码或添加公钥。
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### 可选：添加公钥
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如果你把公钥添加到远程 Linux 系统上，你就可以不使用密码登录。这一步是可选的；如果你愿意，你仍可以用密码登录。
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你可以在下面 Opensource.com 的文章中学到更多关于 SSH key 的信息：
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* [SSH key 管理工具][8]
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* [用 Seahorse 对 SSH key 进行图形化管理][9]
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* [如何管理多个 SSH key][10]
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* [使用 GPG key 作为鉴权依据开启 SSH 访问][11]
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### 创建文件管理器快捷方式
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现在你已经在远程系统上启动 SSH daemon 了，也设置了用户名和密码，最后一步就是在你本地的文件管理器中创建一个快捷方式，地址映射到远程 Linux 系统。我的桌面是 GNOME，但是在其他的 Linux 桌面上的基本操作步骤都是一样的。
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#### 建立初始连接
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在 GNOME 的文件管理器中，在左边导航栏找到 **+Other Locations** 按钮。点击它会出现一个 **Connect to Server** 提示框。在框中输入远程 Linux 服务器的地址，地址以 SSH 连接协议开头。
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![Creating a shortcut in GNOME file manager][12]
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GNOME 文件管理器支持多种连接协议。以 **sftp://** 或 **ssh://** 开头的服务器地址，会创建 SSH 连接。
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如果你远程 Linux 系统的用户名与本地的相同，那么你只需要输入服务器的地址和文件夹路径就可以了。比如要连接到我的树莓派的 **/home/jhall** 目录，我输入：
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```
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`sftp://10.0.0.11/home/jhall`
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```
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![GNOME file manager Connect to Server][13]
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如果你远程 Linux 系统的用户名与本地的不同，你可以在远程系统地址前加 **@** 符号来指定远程系统的用户名。要连接到远程的 Raspbian 系统，你可能要输入：
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```
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`sftp://pi@10.0.0.11/home/pi`
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```
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![GNOME file manager Connect to Server][14]
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如果你没有把公钥添加到远程服务器，那么你需要输入密码。如果你已经添加，GNOME 文件管理器应该会自动打开远程系统上的文件夹来让你跳转到不同的目录。
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![GNOME file manager connection][15]
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#### 创建一个快捷方式，之后就可以轻松连接服务器
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在 GNOME 文件管理器中，这很简单。右击导航栏中远程系统的名字，选择 **Add Bookmark** 。这一步操作就创建了连接到远程路径的快捷方式。
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![GNOME file manager - adding bookmark][16]
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如果你想把标签中的快捷方式改成一个更容易记的名字，你可以右击快捷方式选择 **Rename**。
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### 总结！
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通过 SSH 连接到远程 Linux 系统是很简单的事。你可以用相同的方式连接到家庭文件服务器以外的其他系统。我还创建了一个能让我立即访问我的提供商的 web 服务器上的文件的快捷方式和另一个能迅速打开我的项目服务器的文件夹的快捷方式。SSH 保证了它们是安全的连接；所有的传输都是加密的。当我通过 SSH 打开远程的文件时，我可以像在本地操作一样使用 GNOME 文件管理器轻松打开远程文件。
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://opensource.com/article/20/3/personal-file-server-ssh
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作者：[Jim Hall][a]
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选题：[lujun9972][b]
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译者：[lxbwolf](https://github.com/lxbwolf)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://opensource.com/users/jim-hall
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[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
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[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/yearbook-haff-rx-linux-file-lead_0.png?itok=-i0NNfDC (Hand putting a Linux file folder into a drawer)
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[2]: https://opensource.com/article/18/3/print-server-raspberry-pi
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[3]: https://arm.fedoraproject.org/
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[4]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/fedora-server-control-panel-sshd.png (sshd in the list of system services)
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[5]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/fedora-server-control-panel-sshd-service.png (slider to activate sshd)
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[6]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/fedora-server-control-panel-accounts_create-user.png (Set up a new account on Fedora Server)
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[7]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/fedora-server-control-panel-accounts.png (Set password or SSH key)
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[8]: https://opensource.com/article/20/2/ssh-tools
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[9]: https://opensource.com/article/19/4/ssh-keys-seahorse
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[10]: https://opensource.com/article/19/4/gpg-subkeys-ssh-manage
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[11]: https://opensource.com/article/19/4/gpg-subkeys-ssh
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[12]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/gnome-file-manager-other-locations.png (Creating a shortcut in GNOME file manager)
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[13]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/gnome-file-manager-other-sftp.png (GNOME file manager Connect to Server)
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[14]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/gnome-file-manager-other-sftp-username.png (GNOME file manager Connect to Server)
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[15]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/gnome-file-manager-remote-jhall.png (GNOME file manager connection)
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[16]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/uploads/gnome-file-manager-remote-jhall-add-bookmark.png (GNOME file manager - adding bookmark)
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