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translating---geekpi
Linux Installation Types: Server Vs. Desktop
============================================================
The kernel is the heart of any Linux installation
I have previously covered obtaining and installing Ubuntu Linux, and this time I will touch on desktop and server installations. Both types of installation address certain needs. The different installs are downloaded separately from Ubuntu. You can choose which one you need from  _[Ubuntu.com/downloads][1]_ .
Regardless of the installation type, there are some similarities.
![](http://www.radiomagonline.com/Portals/0/radio-managing-tech-Ubuntu_1.jpg)
**Packages can be added from the desktop system graphical user interface or from the server system command line.**
Both utilize the same kernel and package manager system. The package manager system is a repository of programs that are precompiled to run on almost any Ubuntu system. Programs are grouped into packages and then packages are installed. Packages can be added from the desktop system graphical user interface or from the server system command line.
Programs are installed with a program called apt-get. This is a package manager system or program manager system. The end user simply types at the command line “apt-get install (package-name)” and Ubuntu will automatically get the software package and install it.
Packages usually install commands that have documentation that is accessed via the man pages (which is a topic unto itself). They are accessed by typing “man (command).” This will bring up a page that describes the command with details on usage. An end-user can also Google any Linux command or package and find a wealth of information about it, as well.
As an example, after installing the Network Attached Storage suite of packages, one would administer it via the command line, with the GUI, or with a program called Webmin. Webmin installs a web-based administrative interface for configuring most Linux packages, and it’s popular with the server-only install crowd because it installs as a webpage and does not require a GUI. It also allows for administering the server remotely.
Most, if not all, of these Linux-based package installs have videos and web pages dedicated to helping you run whatever package you install. Just search YouTube for “Linux Ubuntu NAS,” and you will find a video instructing you on how to setup and configure this service. There are also videos dedicated to the setup and operation of Webmin.
The kernel is the heart of any Linux installation. Since the kernel is modular, it is incredibly small (as the name suggests). I have run a Linux server installation from a small 32 MB compact flash. That is not a typo — 32 MB of space! Most of the space utilized by a Linux system is used by the packages installed.
![](http://www.radiomagonline.com/Portals/0/radio-managing-tech-Ubuntu_2.jpg)
**The desktop install ISO is fairly large and has a number of optional install packages not found on the server install ISO. This installation is designed for workstation or daily desktop use.**
**SERVER**
The server install ISO is the smallest download from Ubuntu. It is a stripped down version of the operating system optimized for server operations. This version does not have a GUI. By default, it is completely run from the command line.
Removing the GUI and other components streamlines the system and maximizes performance. Any necessary packages that are not initially installed can be added later via the command line package manager. Since there is no GUI, all configuration, troubleshooting and package management must be done from a command line. A lot of administrators will use the server installation to get a clean or minimal system and then add only the certain packages that they require. This includes the ability to add a desktop GUI system and make a streamlined desktop system.
A Linux server could be used at the radio station as an Apache web server or a database server. Those are the real apps that require the horsepower, and that’s why they are usually run with a server install and no GUI. SNORT and Cacti are other applications that could be run on your Linux server (both covered in a previous article, found here:  [_http://tinyurl.com/yd8dyegu_][2] ).
![](http://www.radiomagonline.com/Portals/0/radio-managing-tech-Ubuntu_3.jpg)
**Packages are installed via the apt-get package manager system, just like the server install. The difference between the two is that on a desktop install, the apt-get package manager has a nice GUI front end.**
**DESKTOP**
The desktop install ISO is fairly large and has a number of optional install packages not found on the server install ISO. This installation is designed for workstation or daily desktop use. This installation type allows for the customization of packages (programs) or a default desktop configuration can be selected.
Packages are installed via the apt-get package manager system, just like the server install. The difference between the two is that on a desktop install, the apt-get package manager has a nice GUI front end. This allows for packages to be installed or removed easily from the system with the click of a mouse! The desktop install will setup a GUI and a lot of packages related to a desktop operating system.
This system is ready to go after being installed and can be a nice replacement to your windows or Mac desktop computer. It has a lot of packages including an Office suite and web browser.
Linux is a mature and powerful operating system. Regardless of the installation type, it can be configured to fit almost any need. From a powerful database server to a basic desktop operating system used for web browsing and writing letters to grandma, the sky is the limit and the packages available are almost inexhaustible. If you can think of a problem that requires a computerized solution, Linux probably has software for free or low cost to address that problem.
By offering two installation starting points, Ubuntu has done a great job of getting people started in the right direction.
_Cottingham is a former radio chief engineer, now working in streaming media._
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: http://www.radiomagonline.com/deep-dig/0005/linux-installation-types-server-vs-desktop/39123
作者：[Chris Cottingham ][a]
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]:
[1]:https://www.ubuntu.com/download
[2]:http://tinyurl.com/yd8dyegu
[3]:http://www.radiomagonline.com/author/chris-cottingham

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Linux 安装类型：服务器 vs 桌面
============================================================
内核是任何 Linux 发行版的核心
之前我已经讲了获取与安装 Ubuntu Linux，这次我将讲桌面和服务器的安装。两类安装都满足某些需求。不同的安装包是从 Ubuntu 单独下载的。你可以从 _[Ubuntu.com/downloads][1]_ 选择你需要的。
无论安装类型如何，都有一些相似之处。
![](http://www.radiomagonline.com/Portals/0/radio-managing-tech-Ubuntu_1.jpg)
**可以从桌面系统图形用户界面或从服务器系统命令行添加安装包。**
两者都使用相同的内核和包管理器系统。软件包管理器系统是预编译为可在几乎任何 Ubuntu 系统运行的程序的仓库。程序分组成包，然后安装包被安装。安装包可以从桌面系统图形用户界面或从服务器系统命令行添加。
程序安装使用一个名为 apt-get 的程序。这是一个包管理器系统或程序管理器系统。最终用户只需输入命令行 “apt-get install (package-name)”，Ubuntu 就会自动获取软件包并进行安装。
软件包通常安装可以通过手册页访问的文档的命令（这本身就是一个主题）。它们可以通过输入 “man (command)” 来访问。这将打开一个描述该命令详细用法的页面。终端用户还可以 Google 任何的 Linux 命令或安装包，并找到大量关于它的信息。
例如，在安装网络连接存储套件套件后，可以通过命令行、GUI 或使用名为 Webmin 的程序进行管理。Webmin 安装了一个基于 Web 的管理界面，用于配置大多数 Linux 软件包，它受到仅安装服务器版本的人群的欢迎，因为它安装为网页，不需要GUI。它还允许远程管理服务器。
大多数（如果不是全部）基于 Linux 的软件包都有专门帮助你运行软件包的视频和网页。只需在 YouTube 上搜索 “Linux Ubuntu NAS”，你就会找到一个指导你如何设置和配置此服务的视频。还有专门指导 Webmin 的设置和操作的视频。
内核是任何 Linux 安装的核心。由于内核是模块化的，它是非常小的（顾名思义）。我在一个 32MB 的小型闪存上运行 Linux 服务器。我没有打错 - 32MB 的空间！Linux 系统使用的大部分空间都是由安装的软件包使用的。
![](http://www.radiomagonline.com/Portals/0/radio-managing-tech-Ubuntu_2.jpg)
**桌面安装 ISO 相当大，并且在服务器安装 ISO 上没有找到多个可选的安装包。此安装包专为工作站或日常桌面使用设计。**
**服务器**
服务器安装 ISO 包是 Ubuntu 中最小的下载。它是针对服务器操作优化的操作系统的精简版本。此版本没有 GUI。默认情况下，它完全从命令行运行。
移除 GUI 和其他组件可简化系统并最大限度地提高性能。最初没有安装的必要软件包可以稍后通过命令行程序包管理器添加。由于没有 GUI，因此必须从命令行完成所有配置，故障排除和包管理。许多管理员将使用服务器安装来获取一个干净或最小的系统，然后只添加他们需要的某些包。这包括添加桌面 GUI 系统并制作精简桌面系统。
电台可以使用 Linux 服务器作为 Apache Web 服务器或数据库服务器。这些是真实需要性能的程序，这就是为什么它们通常使用服务器形式安装以及没有 GUI 的原因。SNORT 和 Cacti 是可以在你的 Linux 服务器上运行的其他程序（这两个应用程序都在上一篇文章中介绍，可以在这里找到：[_http://tinyurl.com/yd8dyegu_][2]）。
![](http://www.radiomagonline.com/Portals/0/radio-managing-tech-Ubuntu_3.jpg)
**通过 apt-get 包管理器系统安装软件包，就像服务器安装一样。两者之间的区别在于，在桌面安装中，apt-get 包管理器具有不错的 GUI 前端。**
**桌面**
桌面安装 ISO 相当大，并且有服务器安装 ISO 上没有的许多可选的安装包。此安装用于工作站或日常桌面使用。此安装类型允许自定义安装包（程序），或者可以选择默认的桌面配置。
软件包通过 apt-get 包管理器系统安装，就像服务器安装一样。两者之间的区别在于，在桌面安装中，apt-get 包管理器具有不错的 GUI 前端。这允许通过点击鼠标轻松地从系统安装或删除软件包！桌面安装将设置一个 GUI 以及许多与桌面操作系统相关的软件包。
这个系统安装后随时可用，可以很好的替代你的 Windows 或 Mac 台式机。它有很多包，包括 Office 套件和 Web 浏览器。
Linux 是一个成熟而强大的操作系统。无论哪种安装类型，它都可以配置为适合几乎所有需要。从功能强大的数据库服务器到用于网页浏览和写信给奶奶的基本台式机操作系统，天空有极限，而可用的安装包几乎是不竭的。如果你遇到一个需要计算机化解决方案的问题，Linux 可能会提供免费或低成本的软件来解决该问题。
通过提供两个安装版本，Ubuntu 做得很好，这让人们开始朝着正确的方向前进。
_Cottingham 是前无线电总工程师，现在从事流媒体工作。
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: http://www.radiomagonline.com/deep-dig/0005/linux-installation-types-server-vs-desktop/39123
作者：[Chris Cottingham ][a]
译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]:
[1]:https://www.ubuntu.com/download
[2]:http://tinyurl.com/yd8dyegu
[3]:http://www.radiomagonline.com/author/chris-cottingham