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Open source vs closed source (#4691)
* Delete 20161104 Open Source Vs Closed Source.md Windows上拉不下来。。。 * translated
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][2]There are many differences between **open source operating system** and **closed source operating system**. Here we have written few of them.
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### What Is Open Source? It's Freedom!
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[
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][1]
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This is the most important thing that a user should possess. I may or may not be modifying the code but someone who wants to modify the code for good purposes should not be restricted. And a user should be allowed to share the software if he likes it. And this is all possible with **open source** software.
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The **closed source** operating systems have really scaring license terms. Moreover do all the people read the license terms?, Nope, most of them just click ‘Accept’.
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* * *
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### Cost
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Nearly all of the open source operating systems are free of cost. People only donate voluntarily. And a single installation **CD/DVD or USB** can be used to install the OS in as many computers as possible.
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Closed source operating systems are very costly when compared with open source OSs and if you are building a PC, it may cost you at least $100 per PC.
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We could use the money that we may spend on closed source software to buy better.
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### Choice
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There are numerous open source operating systems out there. So if you don’t like a distro then you can try others and at least a single operating system will be suitable for you.
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Distros like Ubuntu studio, Bio Linux, Edubuntu, Kali Linux, Qubes, SteamOS are some of the distros that are created for the particular type of users.
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Is there anything called choice in closed source operating systems? I don’t think so.
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### Privacy
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There is no need for **Open source operating systems** to collect user data. They are not going show any personalized ads or sell your data to third parties. If the developers need money they will ask for donations or display ads on their website. ADs will always be related to Linux, so it also helps us.
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You might have known how a major closed source operating system(you know what its name is) is said to be collecting users data which caused many people to turn down their free upgrade offer. Many users of that OS had even turned off updates to avoid any upgrade, it means they preferred security risk to free upgrade.
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### Security
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Open source software are mostly secure. They are not secure because of less market share but the way they are made. Qubes Os is one of the most secure OS that isolates the running software from one another.
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Closed source operating systems compromise security for usability making them more vulnerable.
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### Hardware support
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Many of us might have an old PC that we don’t want to throw away and at that situation lightweight distros that are capable of giving a new life to them. Here is a list of lightweight operating systems you can try these distros [5 Lightweight Linux for old computers][3]. Linux based OSs comes with drivers for almost all devices, so there won’t be any need to search and install drivers.
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Many a time closed source operating systems scrap support for older hardware forcing the user to buy new hardware. We may have to search and install drivers ourself.
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### Community Support
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Nearly all of the **open source OSes** have user forums where you can ask questions and get answers from other users. People share tips and tricks and help each other. Experienced Linux users love to help newbies, so they always try their best to help them.
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**Closed source OSes **community is not even comparable to open source OS community. Questions asked might even go unanswered.
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### Monetisation
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Making many out of OSes will be tough. Developers accept donations from users and get some money from ads that are displayed on their website. Most of the donations are used to pay hosting bills and developers’ salary.
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Many of the closed source OSes not only make money from licensing their software but also through targeted ads.
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### Crapware
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I accept some of the open source operating systems provide some software that we may not use in our lifetime and some people consider them as crapware. But there are distros that provide the minimal installation that contain no unwanted software. So, crapware is not really a problem.
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All the closed source operating systems contain crapware installed by the manufacturer and will force as to do a clean installation.
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Open source software is more like a philosophy . It’s a way of sharing and learning. It’s even good for the economy.
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So, we have listed things that we know. If you think we have missed some points, then please do comment and let us know.
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://www.linuxandubuntu.com/home/open-source-vs-closed-source
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作者：[Mohd Sohail][a]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:https://www.linkedin.com/in/mohdsohail
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[1]:http://www.linuxandubuntu.com/uploads/2/1/1/5/21152474/what-is-open-source_orig.jpg?250
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[2]:http://www.linuxandubuntu.com/home/open-source-vs-closed-source
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[3]:http://www.linuxandubuntu.com/home/5-lightweight-linux-for-old-computers
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开源 vs. 闭源
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===========================
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[][2]
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**开源操作系统**和**闭源操作系统**之间确有诸多不同。这里我们仅寥书几笔。
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### 开源是什么？自由！
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[][1]
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这是用户需要知道的最重要的一点。无论我是否打算修改代码，其他人出于善意的修改都不应受到限制。且如果用户喜欢，他们可以分享这个软件。而这就是**开源**软件的全部。
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**闭源**操作系统的许可条款很是吓人。但真的所有人都会看吗？Nope，许多用户只是点了一下‘Accept’。
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* * *
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### 价格
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几乎所有的开源操纵系统是免费的。仅有自愿性质的捐款。且只需一个安装 **CD/DVD 或 USB** 就能将系统安装到所有你想要安装的电脑上。
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闭源操作系统相较于开源 OS 就贵了许多，如果你用它来构建 PC，每台 PC 得你花不少于 $100。
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我们可以用花在闭源软件上的钱去买更好的东西。
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### 选择
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开源操作系统的发行版有很多。如果你不中意眼下的这个，你可以尝试其他的发行版，总能找到适合你的那一个。
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诸如 Ubuntu studio，Bio Linux，Edubuntu，Kali Linux，Qubes，SteamOS 这些发行版，就是针对特定用户群产生的发行版。
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闭源软件有“选择”这种说法吗？我觉得是没有的。
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### 隐私
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**开源操作系统**无需收集用户数据信息。不会根据用户的个性显示广告，也不会把你的信息卖给第三方机构。如果开发者需要资金，他们会要求捐助，或是在他们的网页上打广告。广告的内容也会与 Linux 相关，对我们有益无害。
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你一定知道那个主流的闭源操作系统（名字就不写了，大家都知道的），据说因为收集用户信息这件事，导致多数用户关闭了他们的更新服务。多数该系统的用户为了避免升级，至今还关着更新，对他们而言免费升级比安全危机还可怕。
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### 安全
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开源软件大多安全。究其缘由不仅有市场占有率低这个原因，其本身的构成方式就比较安全。例如，在安全系统中站一席之地的 Qubes Os，会将运行的软件相互隔离。
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闭源操作系统向易用性妥协，使其变得愈发脆弱。
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### 硬件支持
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我们中有大多数人，家里还放着那些不想丢的旧 PC，这时一个轻量级的发行版可能会让这些老家伙们重获新生。你可以试试在文章 [5 个适合旧电脑的轻量级 Linux][3] 中罗列的那些轻量级操作系统发行版。基于 Linux 的系统几乎包含所有设备的驱动，所以基本不需要你亲自寻找、安装驱动。
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每每闭源操作系统中止对于就硬件的支持，都迫使着用户去购买新的硬件。我们还不得不亲自寻找、安装驱动。
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### 社区支持
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几乎所有的**开源操作系统**都有用户论坛，你可以在那里提问题，并从别的用户那里得到答案。大家在那里分享技巧和窍门，互帮互助。有经验的 Linux 用户往往乐于帮助新手，为此他们常常不遗余力。
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**闭源操作系统**社区和开源操作系统社区简直无法相提并论。提出的问题可能根本得不到回答。
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### 商业化
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在操作系统上挣钱是非常困难的。开发者一般通过用户的捐款和自己打在网页上的广告来挣钱。大多数的转款用于支付主机的开销和开发者的薪水。
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许多闭源操作系统，不仅仅通过出售软件的使用许可这种方式来赚钱，还会推送广告大赚一票。
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### 第三方应用
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我承认有些开源操作系统会提供一些我们可能一辈子都不会用到的应用，有些人认为他们是垃圾应用。但是也有发行版只提供最小安装，其中就不包含这些不想要的第三方应用。所以，第三方应用并不是真正的问题。
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而所有的闭源操作系统中包含的那些由制造商安装的垃圾应用，强制到让你以为安装后的系统是干净的。
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开源软件更像是一门哲学。一种分享和学习的方式。甚至还有益于经济。我们已经将我们知晓的罗列了出来。如果你觉得我们还漏了些什么，可以评论告诉我们。
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://www.linuxandubuntu.com/home/open-source-vs-closed-source
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作者：[Mohd Sohail][a]
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译者：[martin2011qi](https://github.com/martin2011qi)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:https://www.linkedin.com/in/mohdsohail
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[1]:http://www.linuxandubuntu.com/uploads/2/1/1/5/21152474/what-is-open-source_orig.jpg?250
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[2]:http://www.linuxandubuntu.com/home/open-source-vs-closed-source
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[3]:http://www.linuxandubuntu.com/home/5-lightweight-linux-for-old-computers
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