From 3bd6774b31921459ff99cf5a1225c25085c42e53 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: geekpi Date: Wed, 9 Mar 2022 08:50:23 +0800 Subject: [PATCH] translated --- ...w to use httpx, a web client for Python.md | 179 ------------------ ...w to use httpx, a web client for Python.md | 178 +++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 178 insertions(+), 179 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/tech/20220302 How to use httpx, a web client for Python.md create mode 100644 translated/tech/20220302 How to use httpx, a web client for Python.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20220302 How to use httpx, a web client for Python.md b/sources/tech/20220302 How to use httpx, a web client for Python.md deleted file mode 100644 index 1ea7fa4e89..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/20220302 How to use httpx, a web client for Python.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,179 +0,0 @@ -[#]: subject: "How to use httpx, a web client for Python" -[#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/22/3/python-httpx" -[#]: author: "Moshe Zadka https://opensource.com/users/moshez" -[#]: collector: "lujun9972" -[#]: translator: "geekpi" -[#]: reviewer: " " -[#]: publisher: " " -[#]: url: " " - -How to use httpx, a web client for Python -====== -The httpx package for Python is an excellent and flexible module for -interacting with HTTP. -![Digital creative of a browser on the internet][1] - -The `httpx` package for Python is a sophisticated web client. Once you install it, you can use it to get data from websites. As usual, the easiest way to install it is with the `pip` utility: - - -``` -`$ python -m pip install httpx --user` -``` - -To use it, import it into a Python script, and then use the `.get` function to fetch data from a web address: - - -``` - - -import httpx -result = httpx.get("") -result.json()["args"] - -``` - -Here's the output from that simple script: - - -``` -`    {'hello': 'world'}` -``` - -### HTTP response - -By default, `httpx` will not raise errors on a non-200 status.  - -Try this code: - - -``` - - -result = httpx.get("") -result - -``` - -The result: - - -``` -`    ` -``` - -It's possible to raise a response explicitly. Add this exception handler: - - -``` - - -try: -    result.raise_for_status() -except Exception as exc: -    print("woops", exc) - -``` - -Here's the result: - - -``` - - -    woops Client error '404 NOT FOUND' for url '' -    For more information check: - -``` - -### Custom client - -It is worthwhile to use a custom client for anything but the simplest script. Aside from nice performance improvements, such as connection pooling, this is a good place to configure the client. - -For example, you can set a custom base URL: - - -``` - - -client = httpx.Client(base_url="") -result = client.get("/get?source=custom-client") -result.json()["args"] - -``` - -Sample output: - - -``` -`    {'source': 'custom-client'}` -``` - -This is useful for a typical scenario where you use the client to talk to a specific server. For example, using both `base_url` and `auth`, you can build a nice abstraction for an authenticated client: - - -``` - - -client = httpx.Client( -    base_url="", -    auth=("good_person", "secret_password"), -) -result = client.get("/basic-auth/good_person/secret_password") -result.json() - -``` - -Output: - - -``` -`    {'authenticated': True, 'user': 'good_person'}` -``` - -One of the nicer things you can use this for is constructing the client at a top-level "main" function and then passing it around. This lets other functions use the client and lets them get unit-tested with a client connected to a local WSGI app. - - -``` - - -def get_user_name(client): -    result = client.get("/basic-auth/good_person/secret_password") -    return result.json()["user"] - -get_user_name(client) -    'good_person' - -def application(environ, start_response): -    start_response('200 OK', [('Content-Type', 'application/json')]) -    return [b'{"user": "pretty_good_person"}'] -fake_client = httpx.Client(app=application, base_url="") -get_user_name(fake_client) - -``` - -Output: - - -``` -`    'pretty_good_person'` -``` - -### Try httpx - -Visit [python-httpx.org][2] for more information, documentation, and tutorials. I've found it to be an excellent and flexible module for interacting with HTTP. Give it a try and see what it can do for you. - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: https://opensource.com/article/22/3/python-httpx - -作者：[Moshe Zadka][a] -选题：[lujun9972][b] -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[a]: https://opensource.com/users/moshez -[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 -[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/browser_web_internet_website.png?itok=g5B_Bw62 (Digital creative of a browser on the internet) -[2]: https://www.python-httpx.org/ diff --git a/translated/tech/20220302 How to use httpx, a web client for Python.md b/translated/tech/20220302 How to use httpx, a web client for Python.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..605f04f4a7 --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/20220302 How to use httpx, a web client for Python.md @@ -0,0 +1,178 @@ +[#]: subject: "How to use httpx, a web client for Python" +[#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/22/3/python-httpx" +[#]: author: "Moshe Zadka https://opensource.com/users/moshez" +[#]: collector: "lujun9972" +[#]: translator: "geekpi" +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +如何使用 httpx，一个 Python web 客户端 +====== +Python 的 httpx 包是一个用于 HTTP 交互的一个优秀且灵活的模块。 +![Digital creative of a browser on the internet][1] + +Python 的 `httpx` 包是一个复杂的 web 客户端。当你安装它后，你就可以用它来从网站上获取数据。像往常一样，安装它的最简单方法是使用 `pip` 工具： + + +``` +`$ python -m pip install httpx --user` +``` + +要使用它，把它导入到 Python 脚本中，然后使用 `.get` 函数从一个 web 地址获取数据： + + +``` + + +import httpx +result = httpx.get("") +result.json()["args"] + +``` + +下面是这个简单脚本的输出： + + +``` +` {'hello': 'world'}` +``` + +### HTTP 响应 + +默认情况下，`httpx` 不会在非 200 状态下引发错误。 + +试试这个代码： + + +``` + + +result = httpx.get("") +result + +``` + +结果是： + + +``` +` ` +``` + +可以明确地返回一个响应。添加这个异常处理： + + +``` + + +try: + result.raise_for_status() +except Exception as exc: + print("woops", exc) + +``` + +下面是结果： + + +``` + + + woops Client error '404 NOT FOUND' for url '' + For more information check: + +``` + +### 自定义客户端 + +除了最简单的脚本之外，使用一个自定义的客户端是值得的。除了不错的性能改进，比如连接池，这是一个配置客户端的好地方。 + +例如, 你可以设置一个自定义的基本 URL： + + +``` + + +client = httpx.Client(base_url="") +result = client.get("/get?source=custom-client") +result.json()["args"] + +``` + +输出示例： + + +``` +` {'source': 'custom-client'}` +``` + +这对一个典型的场景很有用，你用客户端与一个特定的服务器对话。例如，使用 `base_url` 和 `auth`，你可以为认证的客户端建立一个漂亮的抽象： + + +``` + + +client = httpx.Client( + base_url="", + auth=("good_person", "secret_password"), +) +result = client.get("/basic-auth/good_person/secret_password") +result.json() + +``` + +输出： + + +``` +` {'authenticated': True, 'user': 'good_person'}` +``` + +你可以用它来做一件更好的事情，就是在顶层的 “main” 函数中构建客户端，然后把它传递给其他函数。这可以让其他函数使用客户端，并让它们与连接到本地 WSGI 应用的客户端进行单元测试。 + + +``` + + +def get_user_name(client): + result = client.get("/basic-auth/good_person/secret_password") + return result.json()["user"] + +get_user_name(client) + 'good_person' + +def application(environ, start_response): + start_response('200 OK', [('Content-Type', 'application/json')]) + return [b'{"user": "pretty_good_person"}'] +fake_client = httpx.Client(app=application, base_url="") +get_user_name(fake_client) + +``` + +输出： + + +``` +` 'pretty_good_person'` +``` + +### 尝试 httpx + +请访问 [python-httpx.org][2] 了解更多信息、文档和教程。我发现它是一个与 HTTP 交互的优秀而灵活的模块。试一试，看看它能为你做什么。 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://opensource.com/article/22/3/python-httpx + +作者：[Moshe Zadka][a] +选题：[lujun9972][b] +译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://opensource.com/users/moshez +[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 +[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/browser_web_internet_website.png?itok=g5B_Bw62 (Digital creative of a browser on the internet) +[2]: https://www.python-httpx.org/