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translate done: 20171002 Connect To Wifi From The Linux Command Line.md
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Connect To Wifi From The Linux Command Line
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======
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### Objective
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Configure WiFi using only command line utilities.
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### Distributions
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This will work on any major Linux distribution.
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### Requirements
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A working Linux install with root privileges and a compatible wireless network adapter.
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### Difficulty
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Easy
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### Conventions
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* **#** \- requires given command to be executed with root privileges either directly as a root user or by use of `sudo` command
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* **$** \- given command to be executed as a regular non-privileged user
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### Introduction
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Lots of people like graphical utilities for managing their computers, but plenty don't too. If you prefer command line utilities, managing WiFi can be a real pain. Well, it doesn't have to be.
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wpa_supplicant can be used as a command line utility. You can actually set it up easily with a simple configuration file.
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### Scan For Your Network
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If you already know your network information, you can skip this step. If not, its a good way to figure out some info about the network you're connecting to.
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wpa_supplicant comes with a tool called `wpa_cli` which provides a command line interface to manage your WiFi connections. You can actually use it to set up everything, but setting up a configuration file seems a bit easier.
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Run `wpa_cli` with root privileges, then scan for networks.
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```
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# wpa_cli
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> scan
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```
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The scan will take a couple of minutes, and show you the networks in your area. Notate the one you want to connect to. Type `quit` to exit.
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### Generate a Block and Encrypt Your Password
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There's an even more convenient utility that you can use to begin setting up your configuration file. It takes the name of your network and the password and creates a file with a configuration block for that network with the password encrypted, so it's not stored in plain text.
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```
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# wpa_passphrase networkname password > /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf
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```
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### Tailor Your Configuration
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Now, you have a configuration file located at `/etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf`. It's not much, just the network block with your network name and password, but you can build it out from there.
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Your file up in your favorite editor, and start by deleting the commented out password line. Then, add the following line to the top of the configuration.
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```
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ctrl_interface=DIR=/var/run/wpa_supplicant GROUP=wheel
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```
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It just lets users in the `wheel` group manage wpa_supplicant. It can be convenient.
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Add the rest of this to the network block itself.
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If you're connecting to a hidden network, you can add the following line to tell wpa_supplicant to scan it first.
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```
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scan_ssid=1
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```
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Next, set the protocol and key management settings. These settings correspond to WPA2.
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```
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proto=RSN
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key_mgmt=WPA-PSK
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```
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The group and pairwise settings tell wpa_supplicant if you're using CCMP, TKIP, or both. For best security, you should only be using CCMP.
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```
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group=CCMP
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pairwise=CCMP
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```
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Finally, set the priority of the network. Higher values will connect first.
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```
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priority=10
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```
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![Complete WPA_Supplicant Settings][1]
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Save your configuration and restart wpa_supplicant for the changes to take effect.
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### Closing Thoughts
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Certainly, this method isn't the best for configuring wireless networks on-the-fly, but it works very well for the networks that you connect to on a regular basis.
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://linuxconfig.org/connect-to-wifi-from-the-linux-command-line
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作者：[Nick Congleton][a]
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译者：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:https://linuxconfig.org
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[1]:https://linuxconfig.org/images/wpa-cli-config.jpg
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@ -0,0 +1,109 @@
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通过 Linux 命令行连接 Wifi
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======
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目标：仅使用命令行工具来配置 WiFi
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发行版：适用主流的那些发行版
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要求：安装了无线网卡的 Linux 并且拥有 root 权限。
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难度：简单
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约定：
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* `#` - 需要使用 root 权限来执行指定命令，可以直接使用 root 用户来执行，也可以使用 `sudo` 命令
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* `$` - 可以使用普通用户来执行指定命令
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### 简介
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许多人喜欢用图形化的工具来管理电脑，但也有很多人不喜欢这样做。如果你比较喜欢命令行工具，管理 WiFi 会是件很痛苦的事情。然而，事情本不该如此。
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wpa_supplicant 可以作为命令行工具来用。使用一个简单的配置文件就可以很容易设置号 WiFi。
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### 扫描网络
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若你已经知道了网络的信息，就可以跳过这一步。如果不了解的话，则这是一个找出网络信息的好方法。
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wpa_supplicant 中有一个工具叫做 `wpa_cli`，它提供了一个命令行接口来管理你的 WiFi 连接。事实上你可以用它来设置任何东西，但是设置一个配置文件看起来要更容易一些。
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使用 root 权限运行 `wpa_cli`，然后扫描网络。
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```
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# wpa_cli
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> scan
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```
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扫描过程要花上一点时间，并且会显示所在区域的那些网络。记住你想要连接的那个网络。然后输入 `quit` 退出。
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### 生成配置块并且加密你的密码
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还有更方便的工具可以用来设置配置文件。它接受网络名称和密码作为参数，然后生成一个包含该网路配置块(其中的密码被加密处理了)的配置文件。
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```
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# wpa_passphrase networkname password > /etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf
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```
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### 裁剪你的配置
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现在你已经有了一个配置文件了，这个配置文件就是 `/etc/wpa_supplicant/wpa_supplicant.conf`。其中的内容并不多，只有一个网络块，其中有网络名称和密码，不过你可以在此基础上对它进行修改。
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用喜欢的编辑器打开该文件，首先删掉说明密码的那行注释。然后，将下面行加到配置最上方。
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```
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ctrl_interface=DIR=/var/run/wpa_supplicant GROUP=wheel
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```
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这一行只是让 `wheel` 组中的用户可以管理 wpa_supplicant。这会方便很多。
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其他的内容则添加到网络块中。
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如果你要连接到一个隐藏网络，你可以添加下面行来通知 wpa_supplicant 先扫描该网络。
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```
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scan_ssid=1
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```
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下一步，设置协议以及密钥管理方面的配置。下面这些是 WPA2 相关的配置。
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```
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proto=RSN
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key_mgmt=WPA-PSK
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```
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group 和 pairwise 配置告诉 wpa_supplicant 你是否使用了 CCMP，TKIP，或者两者都用到了。为了安全考虑，你应该只用 CCMP。
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```
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group=CCMP
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pairwise=CCMP
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```
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最后，设置网络优先级。越高的值越会优先连接。
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```
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priority=10
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```
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![Complete WPA_Supplicant Settings][1]
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保存配置然后重启 wpa_supplicant 来让改动生效。
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### 结语
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当然，该方法并不是用于即时配置无线网络的最好方法，但对于定期连接的网络来说，这种方法非常有效。
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://linuxconfig.org/connect-to-wifi-from-the-linux-command-line
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作者：[Nick Congleton][a]
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译者：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:https://linuxconfig.org
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[1]:https://linuxconfig.org/images/wpa-cli-config.jpg
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