From c72a7d39d35c5196d1af9771d75e0ccdff4ce3d7 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: geekpi Date: Thu, 1 Oct 2020 09:09:26 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 1/2] translated --- ...VM (Logical Volume Management) in Linux.md | 325 ------------------ 1 file changed, 325 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/tech/20200916 How to Create-Configure LVM (Logical Volume Management) in Linux.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20200916 How to Create-Configure LVM (Logical Volume Management) in Linux.md b/sources/tech/20200916 How to Create-Configure LVM (Logical Volume Management) in Linux.md deleted file mode 100644 index 351295f8d5..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/20200916 How to Create-Configure LVM (Logical Volume Management) in Linux.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,325 +0,0 @@ -[#]: collector: (lujun9972) -[#]: translator: (geekpi) -[#]: reviewer: ( ) -[#]: publisher: ( ) -[#]: url: ( ) -[#]: subject: (How to Create/Configure LVM (Logical Volume Management) in Linux) -[#]: via: (https://www.2daygeek.com/create-lvm-storage-logical-volume-manager-in-linux/) -[#]: author: (Magesh Maruthamuthu https://www.2daygeek.com/author/magesh/) - -How to Create/Configure LVM (Logical Volume Management) in Linux -====== - -Logical Volume Manager (LVM) plays an important role in the Linux operating system by improving the availability, disk I/O, performance and capability of disk management. - -LVM is a widely used technique that is extremely flexible for disk management. - -This adds an extra layer between the physical disks and the file system, allowing you to create a logical volume instead of a physical disk. - -LVM allows you to easily resize, extend and decrease the logical volume when you need it. - -![][1] - -### How to Create LVM Physical Volumes - -You can use any disk, RAID array, SAN disk, or a partition as the LVM physical volume. - -Let’s imagine, you have already added three disks, these disks are /dev/sdb, and /dev/sdc, /dev/sdd. - -Run the following commands to **[discover newly added LUNs or disks in Linux][2]**. - -``` -# ls /sys/class/scsi_host -host0 -``` - -``` -# echo "- - -" > /sys/class/scsi_host/host0/scan -``` - -``` -# fdisk -l -``` - -**General syntax for the creation of a physical volume (pvcreate).** - -``` -pvcreate [Physical Volume Name] -``` - -Once the disk is detected in the OS, use the pvcreate command to initialize the LVM PV (Physical Volumes). - -``` -# pvcreate /dev/sdb /dev/sdc /dev/sdd -Physical volume "/dev/sdb" successfully created -Physical volume "/dev/sdc" successfully created -Physical volume "/dev/sdd" successfully created -``` - -**Make a note:** - - * The above command erases any data on the given disks /dev/sdb, /dev/sdc and /dev/sdd. - * Physical disk can be added directly into the LVM PV instead of the disk partition. - - - -Use the pvdisplay and pvs commands to display the PVs you have created. The pvs command shows summarize output and the pvdisplay shows the detailed output of the PVs. - -``` -# pvs -PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree -/dev/sdb lvm2 a-- 15.00g 15.00g -/dev/sdc lvm2 a-- 15.00g 15.00g -/dev/sdd lvm2 a-- 15.00g 15.00g -``` - -``` -# pvdisplay - -"/dev/sdb" is a new physical volume of "15.00 GiB" ---- NEW Physical volume --- -PV Name /dev/sdb -VG Name -PV Size 15.00 GiB -Allocatable NO -PE Size 0 -Total PE 0 -Free PE 0 -Allocated PE 0 -PV UUID 69d9dd18-36be-4631-9ebb-78f05fe3217f - -"/dev/sdc" is a new physical volume of "15.00 GiB" ---- NEW Physical volume --- -PV Name /dev/sdc -VG Name -PV Size 15.00 GiB -Allocatable NO -PE Size 0 -Total PE 0 -Free PE 0 -Allocated PE 0 -PV UUID a2092b92-af29-4760-8e68-7a201922573b - -"/dev/sdd" is a new physical volume of "15.00 GiB" ---- NEW Physical volume --- -PV Name /dev/sdd -VG Name -PV Size 15.00 GiB -Allocatable NO -PE Size 0 -Total PE 0 -Free PE 0 -Allocated PE 0 -PV UUID d92fa769-e00f-4fd7-b6ed-ecf7224af7faS -``` - -### How to Create a Volume Group - -Volume group is the another layer in LVM structure. Basically the volume group consists of the LVM physical volumes you created. You can add physical volume to an existing volume group or create a new volume group for physical volume as needed. - -**General syntax for Volume Group creation (vgcreate).** - -``` -vgcreate [Volume Group Name] [Physical Volume Name] -``` - -Use the following command to add a new physical volume to the new volume group. - -``` -# vgcreate vg01 /dev/sdb /dev/sdc /dev/sdd -Volume group "vg01" successfully created -``` - -**Make a note:** By default, it uses 4MB for physical extent, but you can change it based on your need. - -Use the vgs and vgdisplay commands to display information about the VG you created. - -``` -# vgs vg01 -VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree -vg01 3 0 0 wz--n- 44.99g 44.99g -``` - -``` -# vgdisplay vg01 ---- Volume group --- -VG Name vg01 -System ID -Format lvm2 -Metadata Areas 3 -Metadata Sequence No 1 -VG Access read/write -VG Status resizable -MAX LV 0 -Cur LV 0 -Open LV 0 -Max PV 0 -Cur PV 3 -Act PV 3 -VG Size 44.99 GiB -PE Size 4.00 MiB -Total PE 11511 -Alloc PE / Size 0 / 0 -Free PE / Size 11511 / 44.99 GiB -VG UUID d17e3c31-e2c9-4f11-809c-94a549bc43b7 -``` - -### How to Extent Volume Group - -If you do not have space in the VG, Use the following command to add a new physical volume to the existing volume group. - -**Common syntax for Volume Group extension (vgextend).** - -``` -vgextend [Existing Volume Group Name] [Physical Volume Name] -``` - -``` -# vgextend vg01 /dev/sde - Volume group "vg01" successfully extended -``` - -### How to Create Logical Volume Using GB Size’s - -Logical Volume is the top layer in LVM structure. Logical volumes are block devices created from the volume group. It acts as a virtual disk partition and can be easily managed using LVM commands. - -You can use the lvcreate command to create a logical volume. - -**General syntax for creating logical volume (lvcreate)** - -``` -lvcreate –n [Logical Volume Name] –L [Logical Volume Size] [Name of the Volume Group where the LV to be created] -``` - -Run the below command to create a logical volume lv001 of size 10 GB. - -``` -# lvcreate -n lv001 -L 10G vg01 -Logical volume "lv001" created -``` - -Use the lvs and lvdisplay commands to display information about the LVs you have created. - -``` -# lvs /dev/vg01/lvol01 -LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert -lv001 vg01 mwi-a-m-- 10.00g lv001_mlog 100.00 -``` - -``` -# lvdisplay /dev/vg01/lv001 ---- Logical volume --- -LV Path /dev/vg01/lv001 -LV Name lv001 -VG Name vg01 -LV UUID ca307aa4-0866-49b1-8184-004025789e63 -LV Write Access read/write -LV Creation host, time localhost.localdomain, 2020-09-10 11:43:05 -0700 -LV Status available -# open 0 -LV Size 10.00 GiB -Current LE 2560 -Segments 1 -Allocation inherit -Read ahead sectors auto -- currently set to 256 -Block device 253:4 -``` - -### How to Create Logical Volume Using PE Size’s - -Alternatively, you can create Logical Volumes Using Physical Extends (PE) size. - -### How to Calculate PE Value? - -It’s very simple, for example, if you have a volume group of 10 GB, then what is the PE size? - -By default, it uses 4MB for the physical extent, but check the correct PE size by running the vgdisplay command, as this can be changed based on requirements. - -``` -10GB = 10240MB / 4MB (PE Size) = 2560 PEs -``` - -**Common syntax for Logical Volume Creation with PE Size’s (lvcreate).** - -``` -lvcreate –n [Logical Volume Name] –l [Physical Extends (PE) Size] [Name of the Volume Group where the LV to be created] -``` - -To create 10GB of logical volume using the PE size the command would be: - -``` -# lvcreate -n lv001 -l 2560 vg01 -``` - -### How to Create File system - -You cannot use a logical volume until you create a valid file system. - -**General syntax to create a file system.** - -``` -mkfs –t [File System Type] /dev/[Name of the Volume Group where LV resides]/[LV name] -``` - -Use the below command to format the logical volume lv001 with the ext4 file system. - -``` -# mkfs -t ext4 /dev/vg01/lv001 -``` - -For xfs file system. - -``` -# mkfs -t xfs /dev/vg01/lv001 -``` - -### Mounting Logical Volume - -Finally, you need to mount the logical volume to use it. Make sure to add an entry to **/etc/fstab** so that it loads automatically when the system boots. - -Create a directory to mount the logical volume. - -``` -# mkdir /lvmtest -``` - -Use the mount command to **[mount the logical volume][3]**. - -``` -# mount /dev/vg01/lv001 /lvmtest -``` - -Add new logical volume details to the **[/etc/fstab file][4]** to mount automatically when the system starts. - -``` -# vi /etc/fstab -/dev/vg01/lv001 /lvmtest xfs defaults 0 0 -``` - -Check the newly mounted volume using the **[df command][5]**. - -``` -# df -h /lvmtest -Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on -/dev/mapper/vg01-lv001 15360M 34M 15326M 4% /lvmtest -``` - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: https://www.2daygeek.com/create-lvm-storage-logical-volume-manager-in-linux/ - -作者：[Magesh Maruthamuthu][a] -选题：[lujun9972][b] -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[a]: https://www.2daygeek.com/author/magesh/ -[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 -[1]: data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7 -[2]: https://www.2daygeek.com/scan-detect-luns-scsi-disks-on-redhat-centos-oracle-linux/ -[3]: https://www.2daygeek.com/mount-unmount-file-system-partition-in-linux/ -[4]: https://www.2daygeek.com/understanding-linux-etc-fstab-file/ -[5]: https://www.2daygeek.com/linux-check-disk-space-usage-df-command/ From 527b4ec828bd46b3d6912c164600ce9651107116 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: geekpi Date: Thu, 1 Oct 2020 09:12:36 +0800 Subject: [PATCH 2/2] translated --- ...VM (Logical Volume Management) in Linux.md | 325 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 325 insertions(+) create mode 100644 translated/tech/20200916 How to Create-Configure LVM (Logical Volume Management) in Linux.md diff --git a/translated/tech/20200916 How to Create-Configure LVM (Logical Volume Management) in Linux.md b/translated/tech/20200916 How to Create-Configure LVM (Logical Volume Management) in Linux.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a822280f7a --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/20200916 How to Create-Configure LVM (Logical Volume Management) in Linux.md @@ -0,0 +1,325 @@ +[#]: collector: (lujun9972) +[#]: translator: (geekpi) +[#]: reviewer: ( ) +[#]: publisher: ( ) +[#]: url: ( ) +[#]: subject: (How to Create/Configure LVM (Logical Volume Management) in Linux) +[#]: via: (https://www.2daygeek.com/create-lvm-storage-logical-volume-manager-in-linux/) +[#]: author: (Magesh Maruthamuthu https://www.2daygeek.com/author/magesh/) + +如何在 Linux 中创建/配置 LVM（逻辑卷管理）？ +====== + +逻辑卷管理器 （LVM） 在 Linux 系统中扮演着重要的角色，它可以提高磁盘管理的可用性、磁盘 I/O、性能和能力。 + +LVM 是一种被广泛使用的技术，对于磁盘管理来说，它是非常灵活的。 + +它在物理磁盘和文件系统之间增加了一个额外的层，允许你创建一个逻辑卷而不是物理磁盘。 + +LVM 允许你在需要的时候轻松地调整、扩展和减少逻辑卷的大小。 + +![][1] + +### 如何创建 LVM 物理卷？ + +你可以使用任何磁盘、RAID 阵列、SAN 磁盘或分区作为 LVM 物理卷。 + +让我们想象一下，你已经添加了三个磁盘，它们是 /dev/sdb、/dev/sdc 和 /dev/sdd。 + +运行以下命令来**[发现 Linux 中新添加的 LUN 或磁盘][2]**： + +``` +# ls /sys/class/scsi_host +host0 +``` + +``` +# echo "- - -" > /sys/class/scsi_host/host0/scan +``` + +``` +# fdisk -l +``` + +**创建物理卷 （pvcreate） 的一般语法：** + +``` +pvcreate [物理卷名] +``` + +当在系统中检测到磁盘，使用 pvcreate 命令初始化 LVM PV（物理卷）： + +``` +# pvcreate /dev/sdb /dev/sdc /dev/sdd +Physical volume "/dev/sdb" successfully created +Physical volume "/dev/sdc" successfully created +Physical volume "/dev/sdd" successfully created +``` + +**请注意：** + + * 上面的命令将删除给定磁盘 /dev/sdb、/dev/sdc 和 /dev/sdd 上的所有数据。 + * 物理磁盘可以直接添加到 LVM PV 中，而不是磁盘分区。 + + + +使用 pvdisplay 和 pvs 命令来显示你创建的 PV。pvs 命令显示的是摘要输出，pvdisplay 显示的是 PV 的详细输出： + +``` +# pvs +PV VG Fmt Attr PSize PFree +/dev/sdb lvm2 a-- 15.00g 15.00g +/dev/sdc lvm2 a-- 15.00g 15.00g +/dev/sdd lvm2 a-- 15.00g 15.00g +``` + +``` +# pvdisplay + +"/dev/sdb" is a new physical volume of "15.00 GiB" +--- NEW Physical volume --- +PV Name /dev/sdb +VG Name +PV Size 15.00 GiB +Allocatable NO +PE Size 0 +Total PE 0 +Free PE 0 +Allocated PE 0 +PV UUID 69d9dd18-36be-4631-9ebb-78f05fe3217f + +"/dev/sdc" is a new physical volume of "15.00 GiB" +--- NEW Physical volume --- +PV Name /dev/sdc +VG Name +PV Size 15.00 GiB +Allocatable NO +PE Size 0 +Total PE 0 +Free PE 0 +Allocated PE 0 +PV UUID a2092b92-af29-4760-8e68-7a201922573b + +"/dev/sdd" is a new physical volume of "15.00 GiB" +--- NEW Physical volume --- +PV Name /dev/sdd +VG Name +PV Size 15.00 GiB +Allocatable NO +PE Size 0 +Total PE 0 +Free PE 0 +Allocated PE 0 +PV UUID d92fa769-e00f-4fd7-b6ed-ecf7224af7faS +``` + +### 如何创建一个卷组 + +卷组是 LVM 结构中的另一层。基本上，卷组由你创建的 LVM 物理卷组成，你可以将物理卷添加到现有的卷组中，或者根据需要为物理卷创建新的卷组。 + +**创建卷组 （vgcreate） 的一般语法：** + +``` +vgcreate [卷组名] [物理卷名] +``` + +使用以下命令将一个新的物理卷添加到新的卷组中： + +``` +# vgcreate vg01 /dev/sdb /dev/sdc /dev/sdd +Volume group "vg01" successfully created +``` + +**请注意：**默认情况下，它使用 4MB 的物理范围，但你可以根据你的需要改变它。 + +使用 vgs 和 vgdisplay 命令来显示你创建的 VG 的信息： + +``` +# vgs vg01 +VG #PV #LV #SN Attr VSize VFree +vg01 3 0 0 wz--n- 44.99g 44.99g +``` + +``` +# vgdisplay vg01 +--- Volume group --- +VG Name vg01 +System ID +Format lvm2 +Metadata Areas 3 +Metadata Sequence No 1 +VG Access read/write +VG Status resizable +MAX LV 0 +Cur LV 0 +Open LV 0 +Max PV 0 +Cur PV 3 +Act PV 3 +VG Size 44.99 GiB +PE Size 4.00 MiB +Total PE 11511 +Alloc PE / Size 0 / 0 +Free PE / Size 11511 / 44.99 GiB +VG UUID d17e3c31-e2c9-4f11-809c-94a549bc43b7 +``` + +### 如何扩展卷组 + +如果 VG 没有空间，请使用以下命令将新的物理卷添加到现有卷组中。 + +**卷组扩展 （vgextend） 的一般语法：** + +``` +vgextend [已有卷组名] [物理卷名] +``` + +``` +# vgextend vg01 /dev/sde + Volume group "vg01" successfully extended +``` + +### 如何以 GB 为单位创建逻辑卷？ + +逻辑卷是 LVM 结构中的顶层。逻辑卷是由卷组创建的块设备。它作为一个虚拟磁盘分区，可以使用 LVM 命令轻松管理。 + +你可以使用 lvcreate 命令创建一个新的逻辑卷。 + +**创建逻辑卷 （lvcreate） 的一般语法：** + +``` +lvcreate –n [逻辑卷名] –L [逻辑卷大小] [要创建的 LV 所在的卷组名称] +``` + +运行下面的命令，创建一个大小为 10GB 的逻辑卷 lv001： + +``` +# lvcreate -n lv001 -L 10G vg01 +Logical volume "lv001" created +``` + +使用 lvs 和 lvdisplay 命令来显示你所创建的 LV 的信息： + +``` +# lvs /dev/vg01/lvol01 +LV VG Attr LSize Pool Origin Data% Move Log Cpy%Sync Convert +lv001 vg01 mwi-a-m-- 10.00g lv001_mlog 100.00 +``` + +``` +# lvdisplay /dev/vg01/lv001 +--- Logical volume --- +LV Path /dev/vg01/lv001 +LV Name lv001 +VG Name vg01 +LV UUID ca307aa4-0866-49b1-8184-004025789e63 +LV Write Access read/write +LV Creation host, time localhost.localdomain, 2020-09-10 11:43:05 -0700 +LV Status available +# open 0 +LV Size 10.00 GiB +Current LE 2560 +Segments 1 +Allocation inherit +Read ahead sectors auto +- currently set to 256 +Block device 253:4 +``` + +### 如何以 PE 大小创建逻辑卷？ + +或者，你可以使用物理扩展 （PE） 大小创建逻辑卷。 + +### 如何计算 PE 值？ + +很简单，例如，如果你有一个 10GB 的卷组，那么 PE 大小是多少？ + +默认情况下，它使用 4MB 的物理扩展，但通过运行 vgdisplay 命令来检查正确的 PE 大小，因为这可以根据需求进行更改。 + +``` +10GB = 10240MB / 4MB （PE 大小） = 2560 PEs +``` + +**用 PE 大小创建逻辑卷 （lvcreate） 的一般语法：** + +``` +lvcreate –n [逻辑卷名] –l [物理扩展 （PE） 大小] [要创建的 LV 所在的卷组名称] +``` + +要使用 PE 大小创建 10GB 的逻辑卷，命令如下： + +``` +# lvcreate -n lv001 -l 2560 vg01 +``` + +### 如何创建文件系统 + +在创建有效的文件系统之前，你不能使用逻辑卷。 + +**创建文件系统的一般语法：** + +``` +mkfs –t [文件系统类型] /dev/[LV 所在的卷组名称]/[LV 名称] +``` + +使用以下命令将逻辑卷 lv001 格式化为 ext4 文件系统： + +``` +# mkfs -t ext4 /dev/vg01/lv001 +``` + +对于 xfs 文件系统： + +``` +# mkfs -t xfs /dev/vg01/lv001 +``` + +### 挂载逻辑卷 + +最后，你需要挂载逻辑卷来使用它。确保在 **/etc/fstab** 中添加一个条目，以便系统启动时自动加载。 + +创建一个目录来挂载逻辑卷： + +``` +# mkdir /lvmtest +``` + +使用挂载命令 **[挂载逻辑卷][3]**： + +``` +# mount /dev/vg01/lv001 /lvmtest +``` + +在 **[/etc/fstab 文件][4]**中添加新的逻辑卷详细信息，以便系统启动时自动挂载： + +``` +# vi /etc/fstab +/dev/vg01/lv001 /lvmtest xfs defaults 0 0 +``` + +使用 **[df 命令][5]**检查新挂载的卷： + +``` +# df -h /lvmtest +Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on +/dev/mapper/vg01-lv001 15360M 34M 15326M 4% /lvmtest +``` + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://www.2daygeek.com/create-lvm-storage-logical-volume-manager-in-linux/ + +作者：[Magesh Maruthamuthu][a] +选题：[lujun9972][b] +译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://www.2daygeek.com/author/magesh/ +[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 +[1]: data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7 +[2]: https://www.2daygeek.com/scan-detect-luns-scsi-disks-on-redhat-centos-oracle-linux/ +[3]: https://www.2daygeek.com/mount-unmount-file-system-partition-in-linux/ +[4]: https://www.2daygeek.com/understanding-linux-etc-fstab-file/ +[5]: https://www.2daygeek.com/linux-check-disk-space-usage-df-command/