From 3a78169c594da910f7141fe31df320f75c19a589 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: jasminepeng Date: Thu, 16 Jan 2014 11:29:23 +0800 Subject: [PATCH] =?UTF-8?q?=E6=A0=A1=E5=AF=B9=E5=AE=8C=E6=AF=95?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit --- ...or Linux System£¯Network Administrators.md | 648 ++++++++++++++++++ .../How to open a large text file on Linux.md | 25 +- 2 files changed, 661 insertions(+), 12 deletions(-) create mode 100644 sources/29 Practical Examples of Nmap Commands for Linux System£¯Network Administrators.md diff --git a/sources/29 Practical Examples of Nmap Commands for Linux System£¯Network Administrators.md b/sources/29 Practical Examples of Nmap Commands for Linux System£¯Network Administrators.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d047c15014 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/29 Practical Examples of Nmap Commands for Linux System£¯Network Administrators.md @@ -0,0 +1,648 @@ +Translating--------------------geekpi + + +29 Practical Examples of Nmap Commands for Linux System/Network Administrators +================================================================================ +The **Nmap** aka **Network Mapper** is an open source and a very versatile tool for Linux system/network administrators. **Nmap** is used for **exploring networks, perform security scans, network audit** and **finding open ports** on remote machine. It scans for Live hosts, Operating systems, packet filters and open ports running on remote hosts. + +![Nmap Commands](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/Nmap-Commands.png) +*Nmap Commands and Examples* + +I’ll be covering most of **NMAP** usage in two different parts and this is the first part of nmap serious. Here in this setup, I have used two servers without firewall to test the working of the Nmap command. + +- 192.168.0.100 – server1.tecmint.com +- 192.168.0.101 – server2.tecmint.com + +### Nmap command usage ### + + # nmap [Scan Type(s)] [Options] {target specification} + +### How to Install NMAP in Linux ### + +Most of the today’s Linux distributions like **Red Hat, CentOS, Fedoro, Debian** and **Ubuntu** have included **Nmap** in their default package management repositories called [Yum][1] and [APT][2]. The both tools are used to install and manage software packages and updates. To install **Nmap** on distribution specific use the following command. + + # yum install nmap [on Red Hat based systems] + $ sudo apt-get install nmap [on Debian based systems] + +Once you’ve install latest nmap application, you can follow the example instructions provided in this article. + +### 1. Scan a System with Hostname and IP Address ### + +The **Nmap** tool offers various methods to scan a system. In this example, I am performing a scan using hostname as **server2.tecmint.com** to find out all open ports, services and MAC address on the system. + +#### Scan using Hostname #### + + [root@server1 ~]# nmap server2.tecmint.com + + Starting Nmap 4.11 ( http://www.insecure.org/nmap/ ) at 2013-11-11 15:42 EST + Interesting ports on server2.tecmint.com (192.168.0.101): + Not shown: 1674 closed ports + PORT STATE SERVICE + 22/tcp open ssh + 80/tcp open http + 111/tcp open rpcbind + 957/tcp open unknown + 3306/tcp open mysql + 8888/tcp open sun-answerbook + MAC Address: 08:00:27:D9:8E:D7 (Cadmus Computer Systems) + + Nmap finished: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 0.415 seconds + You have new mail in /var/spool/mail/root + +#### Scan using IP Address #### + + [root@server1 ~]# nmap 192.168.0.101 + + Starting Nmap 4.11 ( http://www.insecure.org/nmap/ ) at 2013-11-18 11:04 EST + Interesting ports on server2.tecmint.com (192.168.0.101): + Not shown: 1674 closed ports + PORT STATE SERVICE + 22/tcp open ssh + 80/tcp open http + 111/tcp open rpcbind + 958/tcp open unknown + 3306/tcp open mysql + 8888/tcp open sun-answerbook + MAC Address: 08:00:27:D9:8E:D7 (Cadmus Computer Systems) + + Nmap finished: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 0.465 seconds + You have new mail in /var/spool/mail/root + +### 2. Scan using “-v” option ### + +You can see that the below command with “**-v**” option is giving more detailed information about the remote machine. + + [root@server1 ~]# nmap -v server2.tecmint.com + + Starting Nmap 4.11 ( http://www.insecure.org/nmap/ ) at 2013-11-11 15:43 EST + Initiating ARP Ping Scan against 192.168.0.101 [1 port] at 15:43 + The ARP Ping Scan took 0.01s to scan 1 total hosts. + Initiating SYN Stealth Scan against server2.tecmint.com (192.168.0.101) [1680 ports] at 15:43 + Discovered open port 22/tcp on 192.168.0.101 + Discovered open port 80/tcp on 192.168.0.101 + Discovered open port 8888/tcp on 192.168.0.101 + Discovered open port 111/tcp on 192.168.0.101 + Discovered open port 3306/tcp on 192.168.0.101 + Discovered open port 957/tcp on 192.168.0.101 + The SYN Stealth Scan took 0.30s to scan 1680 total ports. + Host server2.tecmint.com (192.168.0.101) appears to be up ... good. + Interesting ports on server2.tecmint.com (192.168.0.101): + Not shown: 1674 closed ports + PORT STATE SERVICE + 22/tcp open ssh + 80/tcp open http + 111/tcp open rpcbind + 957/tcp open unknown + 3306/tcp open mysql + 8888/tcp open sun-answerbook + MAC Address: 08:00:27:D9:8E:D7 (Cadmus Computer Systems) + + Nmap finished: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 0.485 seconds + Raw packets sent: 1681 (73.962KB) | Rcvd: 1681 (77.322KB) + +#### Scan Multiple Hosts #### + +You can scan multiple hosts by simply writing their IP addresses or hostnames with Nmap. + + [root@server1 ~]# nmap 192.168.0.101 192.168.0.102 192.168.0.103 + + Starting Nmap 4.11 ( http://www.insecure.org/nmap/ ) at 2013-11-11 16:06 EST + Interesting ports on server2.tecmint.com (192.168.0.101): + Not shown: 1674 closed ports + PORT STATE SERVICE + 22/tcp open ssh + 80/tcp open http + 111/tcp open rpcbind + 957/tcp open unknown + 3306/tcp open mysql + 8888/tcp open sun-answerbook + MAC Address: 08:00:27:D9:8E:D7 (Cadmus Computer Systems) + Nmap finished: 3 IP addresses (1 host up) scanned in 0.580 seconds + +### 4. Scan a whole Subnet ### + +You can scan a whole subnet or IP range with Nmap by providing *** wildcard** with it. + + [root@server1 ~]# nmap 192.168.0.* + + Starting Nmap 4.11 ( http://www.insecure.org/nmap/ ) at 2013-11-11 16:11 EST + Interesting ports on server1.tecmint.com (192.168.0.100): + Not shown: 1677 closed ports + PORT STATE SERVICE + 22/tcp open ssh + 111/tcp open rpcbind + 851/tcp open unknown + + Interesting ports on server2.tecmint.com (192.168.0.101): + Not shown: 1674 closed ports + PORT STATE SERVICE + 22/tcp open ssh + 80/tcp open http + 111/tcp open rpcbind + 957/tcp open unknown + 3306/tcp open mysql + 8888/tcp open sun-answerbook + MAC Address: 08:00:27:D9:8E:D7 (Cadmus Computer Systems) + + Nmap finished: 256 IP addresses (2 hosts up) scanned in 5.550 seconds + You have new mail in /var/spool/mail/root + +On above output you can see that nmap scanned a whole subnet and gave the information about those hosts which are **Up** in the **Network**. + +### 5. Scan Multiple Servers using last octet of IP address ### + +You can perform scans on multiple IP address by simple specifying last octet of IP address. For example, here I performing a scan on IP addresses 192.168.0.101, 192.168.0.102 and 192.168.0.103. + + [root@server1 ~]# nmap 192.168.0.101,102,103 + + Starting Nmap 4.11 ( http://www.insecure.org/nmap/ ) at 2013-11-11 16:09 EST + Interesting ports on server2.tecmint.com (192.168.0.101): + Not shown: 1674 closed ports + PORT STATE SERVICE + 22/tcp open ssh + 80/tcp open http + 111/tcp open rpcbind + 957/tcp open unknown + 3306/tcp open mysql + 8888/tcp open sun-answerbook + MAC Address: 08:00:27:D9:8E:D7 (Cadmus Computer Systems) + + Nmap finished: 3 IP addresses (1 host up) scanned in 0.552 seconds + You have new mail in /var/spool/mail/root + +### 6. Scan list of Hosts from a File ### + +If you have more hosts to scan and all host details are written in a file , you can directly ask nmap to read that file and perform scans. Let’s see how to do that. + +Create a text file called “**nmaptest.txt**” and define all the IP addresses or hostname of the server that you want to do a scan. + + [root@server1 ~]# cat > nmaptest.txt + + localhost + server2.tecmint.com + 192.168.0.101 + +Next, run the following command with “**iL**” option with nmap command to scan all listed IP address in the file. + + [root@server1 ~]# nmap -iL nmaptest.txt + + Starting Nmap 4.11 ( http://www.insecure.org/nmap/ ) at 2013-11-18 10:58 EST + Interesting ports on localhost.localdomain (127.0.0.1): + Not shown: 1675 closed ports + PORT STATE SERVICE + 22/tcp open ssh + 25/tcp open smtp + 111/tcp open rpcbind + 631/tcp open ipp + 857/tcp open unknown + + Interesting ports on server2.tecmint.com (192.168.0.101): + Not shown: 1674 closed ports + PORT STATE SERVICE + 22/tcp open ssh + 80/tcp open http + 111/tcp open rpcbind + 958/tcp open unknown + 3306/tcp open mysql + 8888/tcp open sun-answerbook + MAC Address: 08:00:27:D9:8E:D7 (Cadmus Computer Systems) + + Interesting ports on server2.tecmint.com (192.168.0.101): + Not shown: 1674 closed ports + PORT STATE SERVICE + 22/tcp open ssh + 80/tcp open http + 111/tcp open rpcbind + 958/tcp open unknown + 3306/tcp open mysql + 8888/tcp open sun-answerbook + MAC Address: 08:00:27:D9:8E:D7 (Cadmus Computer Systems) + + Nmap finished: 3 IP addresses (3 hosts up) scanned in 2.047 seconds + +### 7. Scan an IP Address Range ### + +You can specify an IP range while performing scan with Nmap. + + [root@server1 ~]# nmap 192.168.0.101-110 + + Starting Nmap 4.11 ( http://www.insecure.org/nmap/ ) at 2013-11-11 16:09 EST + Interesting ports on server2.tecmint.com (192.168.0.101): + Not shown: 1674 closed ports + PORT STATE SERVICE + 22/tcp open ssh + 80/tcp open http + 111/tcp open rpcbind + 957/tcp open unknown + 3306/tcp open mysql + 8888/tcp open sun-answerbook + MAC Address: 08:00:27:D9:8E:D7 (Cadmus Computer Systems) + + Nmap finished: 10 IP addresses (1 host up) scanned in 0.542 seconds + +### 8. Scan Network Excluding Remote Hosts ### + +You can exclude some hosts while performing a full network scan or when you are scanning with wildcards with “**–exclude**” option. + + [root@server1 ~]# nmap 192.168.0.* --exclude 192.168.0.100 + + Starting Nmap 4.11 ( http://www.insecure.org/nmap/ ) at 2013-11-11 16:16 EST + Interesting ports on server2.tecmint.com (192.168.0.101): + Not shown: 1674 closed ports + PORT STATE SERVICE + 22/tcp open ssh + 80/tcp open http + 111/tcp open rpcbind + 957/tcp open unknown + 3306/tcp open mysql + 8888/tcp open sun-answerbook + MAC Address: 08:00:27:D9:8E:D7 (Cadmus Computer Systems) + + Nmap finished: 255 IP addresses (1 host up) scanned in 5.313 seconds + You have new mail in /var/spool/mail/root + +### 9. Scan OS information and Traceroute ### + +With Nmap, you can detect which OS and version is running on the remote host. To enable OS & version detection, script scanning and traceroute, we can use “**-A**” option with NMAP. + + [root@server1 ~]# nmap -A 192.168.0.101 + + Starting Nmap 4.11 ( http://www.insecure.org/nmap/ ) at 2013-11-11 16:25 EST + Interesting ports on server2.tecmint.com (192.168.0.101): + Not shown: 1674 closed ports + PORT STATE SERVICE VERSION + 22/tcp open ssh OpenSSH 4.3 (protocol 2.0) + 80/tcp open http Apache httpd 2.2.3 ((CentOS)) + 111/tcp open rpcbind 2 (rpc #100000) + 957/tcp open status 1 (rpc #100024) + 3306/tcp open mysql MySQL (unauthorized) + 8888/tcp open http lighttpd 1.4.32 + MAC Address: 08:00:27:D9:8E:D7 (Cadmus Computer Systems) + No exact OS matches for host (If you know what OS is running on it, see http://www.insecure.org/cgi-bin/nmap-submit.cgi). + TCP/IP fingerprint: + SInfo(V=4.11%P=i686-redhat-linux-gnu%D=11/11%Tm=52814B66%O=22%C=1%M=080027) + TSeq(Class=TR%IPID=Z%TS=1000HZ) + T1(Resp=Y%DF=Y%W=16A0%ACK=S++%Flags=AS%Ops=MNNTNW) + T2(Resp=N) + T3(Resp=Y%DF=Y%W=16A0%ACK=S++%Flags=AS%Ops=MNNTNW) + T4(Resp=Y%DF=Y%W=0%ACK=O%Flags=R%Ops=) + T5(Resp=Y%DF=Y%W=0%ACK=S++%Flags=AR%Ops=) + T6(Resp=Y%DF=Y%W=0%ACK=O%Flags=R%Ops=) + T7(Resp=Y%DF=Y%W=0%ACK=S++%Flags=AR%Ops=) + PU(Resp=Y%DF=N%TOS=C0%IPLEN=164%RIPTL=148%RID=E%RIPCK=E%UCK=E%ULEN=134%DAT=E) + + Uptime 0.169 days (since Mon Nov 11 12:22:15 2013) + + Nmap finished: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 22.271 seconds + You have new mail in /var/spool/mail/root + +In above Output, you can see that nmap is came up with TCP/IP fingerprint of the OS running on remote hosts and being more specific about the port and services running on the remote hosts. + +### 10. Enable OS Detection with Nmap ### + +Use the option “-O” and “-osscan-guess” also helps to discover OS information. + + [root@server1 ~]# nmap -O server2.tecmint.com + + Starting Nmap 4.11 ( http://www.insecure.org/nmap/ ) at 2013-11-11 17:40 EST + Interesting ports on server2.tecmint.com (192.168.0.101): + Not shown: 1674 closed ports + PORT STATE SERVICE + 22/tcp open ssh + 80/tcp open http + 111/tcp open rpcbind + 957/tcp open unknown + 3306/tcp open mysql + 8888/tcp open sun-answerbook + MAC Address: 08:00:27:D9:8E:D7 (Cadmus Computer Systems) + No exact OS matches for host (If you know what OS is running on it, see http://www.insecure.org/cgi-bin/nmap-submit.cgi). + TCP/IP fingerprint: + SInfo(V=4.11%P=i686-redhat-linux-gnu%D=11/11%Tm=52815CF4%O=22%C=1%M=080027) + TSeq(Class=TR%IPID=Z%TS=1000HZ) + T1(Resp=Y%DF=Y%W=16A0%ACK=S++%Flags=AS%Ops=MNNTNW) + T2(Resp=N) + T3(Resp=Y%DF=Y%W=16A0%ACK=S++%Flags=AS%Ops=MNNTNW) + T4(Resp=Y%DF=Y%W=0%ACK=O%Flags=Option -O and -osscan-guess also helps to discover OSR%Ops=) + T5(Resp=Y%DF=Y%W=0%ACK=S++%Flags=AR%Ops=) + T6(Resp=Y%DF=Y%W=0%ACK=O%Flags=R%Ops=) + T7(Resp=Y%DF=Y%W=0%ACK=S++%Flags=AR%Ops=) + PU(Resp=Y%DF=N%TOS=C0%IPLEN=164%RIPTL=148%RID=E%RIPCK=E%UCK=E%ULEN=134%DAT=E) + + Uptime 0.221 days (since Mon Nov 11 12:22:16 2013) + + Nmap finished: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 11.064 seconds + You have new mail in /var/spool/mail/root + +### 11. Scan a Host to Detect Firewall ### + +The below command will perform a scan on a remote host to detect if any packet filters or Firewall is used by host. + + [root@server1 ~]# nmap -sA 192.168.0.101 + + Starting Nmap 4.11 ( http://www.insecure.org/nmap/ ) at 2013-11-11 16:27 EST + All 1680 scanned ports on server2.tecmint.com (192.168.0.101) are UNfiltered + MAC Address: 08:00:27:D9:8E:D7 (Cadmus Computer Systems) + + Nmap finished: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 0.382 seconds + You have new mail in /var/spool/mail/root + +### 12. Scan a Host to check its protected by Firewall ### + +To scan a host if it is protected by any packet filtering software or Firewalls. + + [root@server1 ~]# nmap -PN 192.168.0.101 + + Starting Nmap 4.11 ( http://www.insecure.org/nmap/ ) at 2013-11-11 16:30 EST + Interesting ports on server2.tecmint.com (192.168.0.101): + Not shown: 1674 closed ports + PORT STATE SERVICE + 22/tcp open ssh + 80/tcp open http + 111/tcp open rpcbind + 957/tcp open unknown + 3306/tcp open mysql + 8888/tcp open sun-answerbook + MAC Address: 08:00:27:D9:8E:D7 (Cadmus Computer Systems) + + Nmap finished: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 0.399 seconds + +### 13. Find out Live hosts in a Network ### + +With the help of “**-sP**” option we can simply check which hosts are live and up in Network, with this option nmap skips port detection and other things. + + [root@server1 ~]# nmap -sP 192.168.0.* + + Starting Nmap 4.11 ( http://www.insecure.org/nmap/ ) at 2013-11-18 11:01 EST + Host server1.tecmint.com (192.168.0.100) appears to be up. + Host server2.tecmint.com (192.168.0.101) appears to be up. + MAC Address: 08:00:27:D9:8E:D7 (Cadmus Computer Systems) + Nmap finished: 256 IP addresses (2 hosts up) scanned in 5.109 seconds + +### 14. Perform a Fast Scan ### + +You can perform a fast scan with “**-F**” option to scans for the ports listed in the nmap-services files and leaves all other ports. + + [root@server1 ~]# nmap -F 192.168.0.101 + + Starting Nmap 4.11 ( http://www.insecure.org/nmap/ ) at 2013-11-11 16:47 EST + Interesting ports on server2.tecmint.com (192.168.0.101): + Not shown: 1234 closed ports + PORT STATE SERVICE + 22/tcp open ssh + 80/tcp open http + 111/tcp open rpcbind + 3306/tcp open mysql + 8888/tcp open sun-answerbook + MAC Address: 08:00:27:D9:8E:D7 (Cadmus Computer Systems) + + Nmap finished: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 0.322 seconds + +### 15. Find Nmap version ### + +You can find out Nmap version you are running on your machine with “**-V**” option. + + [root@server1 ~]# nmap -V + + Nmap version 4.11 ( http://www.insecure.org/nmap/ ) + You have new mail in /var/spool/mail/root + +### 16. Scan Ports Consecutively ### + +Use the “**-r**” flag to don’t randomize. + + [root@server1 ~]# nmap -r 192.168.0.101 + + Starting Nmap 4.11 ( http://www.insecure.org/nmap/ ) at 2013-11-11 16:52 EST + Interesting ports on server2.tecmint.com (192.168.0.101): + Not shown: 1674 closed ports + PORT STATE SERVICE + 22/tcp open ssh + 80/tcp open http + 111/tcp open rpcbind + 957/tcp open unknown + 3306/tcp open mysql + 8888/tcp open sun-answerbook + MAC Address: 08:00:27:D9:8E:D7 (Cadmus Computer Systems) + + Nmap finished: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 0.363 seconds + +17. Print Host interfaces and Routes + +You can find out host interface and route information with nmap by using “**–iflist**” option. + + [root@server1 ~]# nmap --iflist + + Starting Nmap 4.11 ( http://www.insecure.org/nmap/ ) at 2013-11-11 17:07 EST + ************************INTERFACES************************ + DEV (SHORT) IP/MASK TYPE UP MAC + lo (lo) 127.0.0.1/8 loopback up + eth0 (eth0) 192.168.0.100/24 ethernet up 08:00:27:11:C7:89 + + **************************ROUTES************************** + DST/MASK DEV GATEWAY + 192.168.0.0/0 eth0 + 169.254.0.0/0 eth0 + +In above output, you can see that map is listing interfaces attached to your system and their respective routes. + +### 18. Scan for specific Port ### + +There are various options to discover ports on remote machine with Nmap. You can specify the port you want nmap to scan with “**-p**” option, by default nmap scans only **TCP** ports. + + [root@server1 ~]# nmap -p 80 server2.tecmint.com + + Starting Nmap 4.11 ( http://www.insecure.org/nmap/ ) at 2013-11-11 17:12 EST + Interesting ports on server2.tecmint.com (192.168.0.101): + PORT STATE SERVICE + 80/tcp open http + MAC Address: 08:00:27:D9:8E:D7 (Cadmus Computer Systems) + + Nmap finished: 1 IP address (1 host up) sca + +### 19. Scan a TCP Port ### + +You can also specify specific port types and numbers with nmap to scan. + + [root@server1 ~]# nmap -p T:8888,80 server2.tecmint.com + + Starting Nmap 4.11 ( http://www.insecure.org/nmap/ ) at 2013-11-11 17:15 EST + Interesting ports on server2.tecmint.com (192.168.0.101): + PORT STATE SERVICE + 80/tcp open http + 8888/tcp open sun-answerbook + MAC Address: 08:00:27:D9:8E:D7 (Cadmus Computer Systems) + + Nmap finished: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 0.157 seconds + +### 20. Scan a UDP Port ### + + [root@server1 ~]# nmap -sU 53 server2.tecmint.com + + Starting Nmap 4.11 ( http://www.insecure.org/nmap/ ) at 2013-11-11 17:15 EST + Interesting ports on server2.tecmint.com (192.168.0.101): + PORT STATE SERVICE + 53/udp open http + 8888/udp open sun-answerbook + MAC Address: 08:00:27:D9:8E:D7 (Cadmus Computer Systems) + + Nmap finished: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 0.157 seconds + +### 21. Scan Multiple Ports ### + +You can also scan multiple ports using option “**-p**“. + + [root@server1 ~]# nmap -p 80,443 192.168.0.101 + + Starting Nmap 4.11 ( http://www.insecure.org/nmap/ ) at 2013-11-18 10:56 EST + Interesting ports on server2.tecmint.com (192.168.0.101): + PORT STATE SERVICE + 80/tcp open http + 443/tcp closed https + MAC Address: 08:00:27:D9:8E:D7 (Cadmus Computer Systems) + + Nmap finished: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 0.190 seconds + +### 22. Scan Ports by Network Range ### + +You can scan ports with ranges using expressions. + + [root@server1 ~]# nmap -p 80-160 192.168.0.101 + +### 23. Find Host Services version Numbers ### + +We can find out service’s versions which are running on remote hosts with “**-sV**” option. + + [root@server1 ~]# nmap -sV 192.168.0.101 + + Starting Nmap 4.11 ( http://www.insecure.org/nmap/ ) at 2013-11-11 17:48 EST + Interesting ports on server2.tecmint.com (192.168.0.101): + Not shown: 1674 closed ports + PORT STATE SERVICE VERSION + 22/tcp open ssh OpenSSH 4.3 (protocol 2.0) + 80/tcp open http Apache httpd 2.2.3 ((CentOS)) + 111/tcp open rpcbind 2 (rpc #100000) + 957/tcp open status 1 (rpc #100024) + 3306/tcp open mysql MySQL (unauthorized) + 8888/tcp open http lighttpd 1.4.32 + MAC Address: 08:00:27:D9:8E:D7 (Cadmus Computer Systems) + + Nmap finished: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 12.624 seconds + +#### 24. Scan remote hosts using TCP ACK (PA) and TCP Syn (PS) #### + +Sometimes packet filtering firewalls blocks standard **ICMP** ping requests, in that case, we can use **TCP ACK** and **TCP Syn** methods to scan remote hosts. + + [root@server1 ~]# nmap -PS 192.168.0.101 + + Starting Nmap 4.11 ( http://www.insecure.org/nmap/ ) at 2013-11-11 17:51 EST + Interesting ports on server2.tecmint.com (192.168.0.101): + Not shown: 1674 closed ports + PORT STATE SERVICE + 22/tcp open ssh + 80/tcp open http + 111/tcp open rpcbind + 957/tcp open unknown + 3306/tcp open mysql + 8888/tcp open sun-answerbook + MAC Address: 08:00:27:D9:8E:D7 (Cadmus Computer Systems) + + Nmap finished: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 0.360 seconds + You have new mail in /var/spool/mail/root + +### 25. Scan Remote host for specific ports with TCP ACK ### + + [root@server1 ~]# nmap -PA -p 22,80 192.168.0.101 + + Starting Nmap 4.11 ( http://www.insecure.org/nmap/ ) at 2013-11-11 18:02 EST + Interesting ports on server2.tecmint.com (192.168.0.101): + PORT STATE SERVICE + 22/tcp open ssh + 80/tcp open http + MAC Address: 08:00:27:D9:8E:D7 (Cadmus Computer Systems) + + Nmap finished: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 0.166 seconds + You have new mail in /var/spool/mail/root + +### 26. Scan Remote host for specific ports with TCP Syn ### + + [root@server1 ~]# nmap -PS -p 22,80 192.168.0.101 + + Starting Nmap 4.11 ( http://www.insecure.org/nmap/ ) at 2013-11-11 18:08 EST + Interesting ports on server2.tecmint.com (192.168.0.101): + PORT STATE SERVICE + 22/tcp open ssh + 80/tcp open http + MAC Address: 08:00:27:D9:8E:D7 (Cadmus Computer Systems) + + Nmap finished: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 0.165 seconds + You have new mail in /var/spool/mail/root + +### 27. Perform a stealthy Scan ### + + [root@server1 ~]# nmap -sS 192.168.0.101 + + Starting Nmap 4.11 ( http://www.insecure.org/nmap/ ) at 2013-11-11 18:10 EST + Interesting ports on server2.tecmint.com (192.168.0.101): + Not shown: 1674 closed ports + PORT STATE SERVICE + 22/tcp open ssh + 80/tcp open http + 111/tcp open rpcbind + 957/tcp open unknown + 3306/tcp open mysql + 8888/tcp open sun-answerbook + MAC Address: 08:00:27:D9:8E:D7 (Cadmus Computer Systems) + + Nmap finished: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 0.383 seconds + You have new mail in /var/spool/mail/root + +### 28. Check most commonly used Ports with TCP Syn ### + + [root@server1 ~]# nmap -sT 192.168.0.101 + + Starting Nmap 4.11 ( http://www.insecure.org/nmap/ ) at 2013-11-11 18:12 EST + Interesting ports on server2.tecmint.com (192.168.0.101): + Not shown: 1674 closed ports + PORT STATE SERVICE + 22/tcp open ssh + 80/tcp open http + 111/tcp open rpcbind + 957/tcp open unknown + 3306/tcp open mysql + 8888/tcp open sun-answerbook + MAC Address: 08:00:27:D9:8E:D7 (Cadmus Computer Systems) + + Nmap finished: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 0.406 seconds + You have new mail in /var/spool/mail/root + +### 29. Perform a tcp null scan to fool a firewall ### + + [root@server1 ~]# nmap -sN 192.168.0.101 + + Starting Nmap 4.11 ( http://www.insecure.org/nmap/ ) at 2013-11-11 19:01 EST + Interesting ports on server2.tecmint.com (192.168.0.101): + Not shown: 1674 closed ports + PORT STATE SERVICE + 22/tcp open|filtered ssh + 80/tcp open|filtered http + 111/tcp open|filtered rpcbind + 957/tcp open|filtered unknown + 3306/tcp open|filtered mysql + 8888/tcp open|filtered sun-answerbook + MAC Address: 08:00:27:D9:8E:D7 (Cadmus Computer Systems) + + Nmap finished: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 1.584 seconds + You have new mail in /var/spool/mail/root + +That’s it with **NMAP** for now, I’ll be coming up more creative options of **NMAP** in our second part of this serious. Till then, stay tuned with us and don’t forget to share your valuable comments. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://www.tecmint.com/nmap-command-examples/ + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://www.tecmint.com/20-linux-yum-yellowdog-updater-modified-commands-for-package-mangement/ +[2]:http://www.tecmint.com/useful-basic-commands-of-apt-get-and-apt-cache-for-package-management/ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/translated/How to open a large text file on Linux.md b/translated/How to open a large text file on Linux.md index 8bc82303dd..da8e1e65de 100644 --- a/translated/How to open a large text file on Linux.md +++ b/translated/How to open a large text file on Linux.md @@ -1,12 +1,12 @@ Linux 中如何打开一个大文本文件 ================================================================================ -在“大数据”时候，我们会经常遇到有大文件文件（上 GB 或更大）的情况。假设有某种方式需要我们手工的搜索和编辑这些大文件，或者为了解决一些特定的问题而需要手工分析多个上 GB 的日志文件。传统的文本编辑软件对处理这样的大文件不太有效，当我们试图打开一个大文件时会经常由于内存不足而郁闷的不行。 +在“大数据”时代，我们会经常遇到有大文本文件（上 GB 或更大）的情况。假设需要我们手工的搜索和编辑这些大文件，或者为了解决一些特定的问题而需要手工分析多个上 GB 的日志文件。传统的文本编辑软件对处理这样的大文件不太有效，当我们试图打开一个大文件时会经常由于内存不足而郁闷的不行。 -如果你是一个精明的系统管理员，你也许会用 cat、tail、grep、sed、awk 等这些命令的组合来打开和编辑一个任意的文本文件。在这篇教程里，我将会谈论关于如何**在 Linux 中打开（和有可能编辑）一个大文本文件**的更友好的方式方法。 +如果你是一个精明的系统管理员，你也许会用 cat、tail、grep、sed、awk 等这些命令的组合来打开和编辑一个文本文件。在这篇教程里，我将会谈论关于如何**在 Linux 中打开（并编辑）一个大文本文件**的更友好的方式方法。 ### Vim 的 LargeFile 插件 ### -文本编辑器拥有大量的插件（或脚本），它们能扩展 VIM 的功能。其中的一个是 [LargeFile plugin][1].Vim。 +Vim文本编辑器拥有大量的插件（或脚本），它们能扩展 VIM 的功能。其中的一个Vim插件是 [LargeFile 插件][1]。 LargeFile 插件可以使大文件更迅速的被加载和编辑，它是通过关闭 VIM 的一些像事件、回退、语法高亮等功能来实现的。 @@ -22,7 +22,7 @@ LargeFile 插件可以使大文件更迅速的被加载和编辑，它是通过 可以从 [Vim website][2] 上下载 LargFile 插件，最新版本号是5，下载的文件将会保存为 Vimball 格式（以 .vba 结尾）。 -要在你的 home 目录下安装插件，如下所示用 VIM 打开 .vba 文件。 +要在你的 home 目录下安装插件，用 VIM 打开 .vba 文件，如下所示。 $ gunzip LargeFile.vba.gz $ vim LargeFile.vba @@ -42,12 +42,13 @@ LargeFile 插件可以使大文件更迅速的被加载和编辑，它是通过 > let g:LargeFile=10 虽然 LargeFile 可以加速文件装载的速度，但 VIM 自身对编辑相当大的文件支持不太好，因为它会一下子把整个文件都加载进内存。例如，用 VIM 装载 1G　大小的文件，它就会占很多内存和交换空间，如下图所示的顶部输出。 +[![](http://farm6.staticflickr.com/5519/11313640366_0064c698ac_z.jpg)][4] 所以如果你的文件明显大于你 Linux 系统的物理内存的话，就要考虑其它的选择，如下所述。 ### glogg 日志资源管理器 ### -如果你只需要查看一个文本文件，并不会对它做编辑，可以考虑下　[glogg][4]。它是一款基于图形用户界面的独立日志分析器。该　glogg　分析器支持通过正则表达式和通配符来对要打开的文本文件进行过滤和筛选，使用户只看到其真正关注的内容。 +如果你只需要查看一个文本文件，并不对它做编辑，可以考虑下　[glogg][5]。它是一款基于图形用户界面的独立日志分析器。该　glogg　分析器支持通过正则表达式和通配符来对要打开的文本文件进行过滤和筛选，使用户只看到其真正关注的内容。 在 Debian (Wheezy 版本或更高版本)、Ubuntu 或 Linux Mint 系统中安装 glogg :　 @@ -63,17 +64,17 @@ LargeFile 插件可以使大文件更迅速的被加载和编辑，它是通过 glogg 能很快的打开一个大文本文件。我花了大约 12 秒就打开了一个 1G 的日志文件。 -[![](http://farm8.staticflickr.com/7354/11313640286_4ebee2b959_z.jpg)][5] +[![](http://farm8.staticflickr.com/7354/11313640286_4ebee2b959_z.jpg)][6] 在 "Text" 区域，你可以输入正则表达式，然后点击 "Search" 按纽，它支持表达式大小写敏感搜索以及自动刷新功能。搜索后，在窗体底部会显示出筛选的结果内容。 -从装载文件来跟 VIM 对比， glogg　显得更轻量级，在加载完一个 1G 的日志文件后，它仅仅只使用了 83M 的物理内存。 +[![](http://farm3.staticflickr.com/2851/11313594455_d57c700c4b_z.jpg)][7] -[![](http://farm3.staticflickr.com/2851/11313594455_d57c700c4b_z.jpg)][6] +从装载文件来跟 VIM 对比， glogg　显得更轻量级，在加载完一个 1G 的日志文件后，它仅仅只使用了 83M 的物理内存。 ### JOE 文体编辑器 ### -[JOE][7] 是GPL下发布一个轻量级的基于终端的文本编辑器。JOE 是一款支持大文件，可以打开和编辑比物理内存大的文件的文本编辑器。 +[JOE][8] 是GPL下发布的一个轻量级的基于终端的文本编辑器。JOE 是一款少有的支持大文件的文本编辑器，可以打开和编辑比物理内存大的文件。 此外，JOE支持各种功能强大的文本编辑功能，如非破坏性编辑，用正则表达式搜索和替换，无限次的撤销/重做，语法高亮等。 @@ -89,13 +90,13 @@ glogg 能很快的打开一个大文本文件。我花了大约 12 秒就打开 $ joe test.log -[![](http://farm4.staticflickr.com/3684/11317402126_406058bf78_z.jpg)][8] +[![](http://farm4.staticflickr.com/3684/11317402126_406058bf78_z.jpg)][9] 相比上面提到的 glogg 来说，用 JOE 加载一个大文本文件会有点卡，加载一个 1G 的文件要用将近 30 秒的时间，不过考虑到要对文件进行全文编辑，这还能忍受。一旦文件加载完成，就可以在相当快捷的终端模式中编辑此文件。 -The memory consumption of JOE is impressive. To load and edit a 1GB text file, it only takes 47MB of physical memory. +JOE的内存消耗令人印象深刻。加载并编辑一个1GB的文本文件，只花费47MB的物理内存。 -[![](http://farm4.staticflickr.com/3728/11317483233_2017b5878b_z.jpg)][9] +[![](http://farm4.staticflickr.com/3728/11317483233_2017b5878b_z.jpg)][10] 如果你还知道在 Linux 中打开/编辑大文本文件的其它方法的话，请跟我们分享！