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Merge pull request #12243 from guevaraya/patch-5
Translated By Guevaraya
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Translating By Guevaraya
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Linux/Unix App For Prevention Of RSI (Repetitive Strain Injury)
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======
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![workrave-image][1]
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[A repetitive strain injury][2] (RSI) is occupational overuse syndrome, non-specific arm pain or work related upper limb disorder. RSI caused from overusing the hands to perform a repetitive task, such as typing, writing, or clicking a mouse. Unfortunately, most people do not understand what RSI is or how dangerous it can be. You can easily prevent RSI using open source software called Workrave.
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### What are the symptoms of RSI?
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I'm quoting from this [page][3]. Do you experience:
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1. Fatigue or lack of endurance?
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2. Weakness in the hands or forearms?
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3. Tingling, numbness, or loss of sensation?
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4. Heaviness: Do your hands feel like dead weight?
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5. Clumsiness: Do you keep dropping things?
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6. Lack of strength in your hands? Is it harder to open jars? Cut vegetables?
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7. Lack of control or coordination?
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8. Chronically cold hands?
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9. Heightened awareness? Just being slightly more aware of a body part can be a clue that something is wrong.
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10. Hypersensitivity?
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11. Frequent self-massage (subconsciously)?
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12. Sympathy pains? Do your hands hurt when someone else talks about their hand pain?
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### How to reduce your risk of Developing RSI
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* Take breaks, when using your computer, every 30 minutes or so. Use software such as workrave to prevent RSI.
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* Regular exercise can prevent all sort of injuries including RSI.
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* Use good posture. Adjust your computer desk and chair to support muscles necessary for good posture.
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### Workrave
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Workrave is a free open source software application intended to prevent computer users from developing RSI or myopia. The software periodically locks the screen while an animated character, "Miss Workrave," walks the user through various stretching exercises and urges them to take a coffee break. The program frequently alerts you to take micro-pauses, rest breaks and restricts you to your daily limit. The program works under MS-Windows and Linux, UNIX-like operating systems.
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#### Install workrave
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Type the following [apt command][4]/[apt-get command][5] under a Debian / Ubuntu Linux:
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`$ sudo apt-get install workrave`
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Fedora Linux user should type the following dnf command:
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`$ sudo dnf install workrave`
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RHEL/CentOS Linux user should enable EPEL repo and install it using [yum command][6]:
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```
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### [ **tested on a CentOS/RHEL 7.x and clones** ] ###
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$ sudo yum install epel-release
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$ sudo yum install https://rpms.remirepo.net/enterprise/remi-release-7.rpm
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$ sudo yum install workrave
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```
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Arch Linux user type the following pacman command to install it:
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`$ sudo pacman -S workrave`
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FreeBSD user can install it using the following pkg command:
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`# pkg install workrave`
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OpenBSD user can install it using the following pkg_add command
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```
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$ doas pkg_add workrave
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```
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#### How to configure workrave
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Workrave works as an applet which is a small application whose user interface resides within a panel. You need to add workrave to panel to control behavior and appearance of the software.
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##### Adding a New Workrave Object To Panel
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* Right-click on a vacant space on a panel to open the panel popup menu.
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* Choose Add to Panel.
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* The Add to Panel dialog opens.The available panel objects are listed alphabetically, with launchers at the top. Select workrave applet and click on Add button.
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![Fig.01: Adding an Object \(Workrave\) to a Panel][7]
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Fig.01: Adding an Object (Workrave) to a Panel
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##### How Do I Modify Properties Of Workrave Software?
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To modify the properties of an object workrave, perform the following steps:
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* Right-click on the workrave object to open the panel object popup.
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* Choose Preference. Use the Properties dialog to modify the properties as required.
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Fig.02: Modifying the Properties of The Workrave Software
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#### Workrave in Action
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The main window shows the time remaining until it suggests a pause. The windows can be closed and you will the time remaining on the panel itself:
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![Fig.03: Time reaming counter ][8]
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Fig.03: Time reaming counter
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![Fig.04: Miss Workrave - an animated character walks you through various stretching exercises][9]
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Fig.04: Miss Workrave - an animated character walks you through various stretching exercises
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The break prelude window, bugging you to take a micro-pause:
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![Fig.05: Time for a micro-pause remainder ][10]
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Fig.05: Time for a micro-pause remainder
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![Fig.06: You can skip Micro-break ][11]
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Fig.06: You can skip Micro-break
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##### References:
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1. [Workrave project][12] home page.
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2. [pokoy][13] lightweight daemon that helps prevent RSI and other computer related stress.
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3. [A Pomodoro][14] timer for GNOME 3.
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4. [RSI][2] from the wikipedia.
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### about the author
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The author is the creator of nixCraft and a seasoned sysadmin and a trainer for the Linux operating system/Unix shell scripting. He has worked with global clients and in various industries, including IT, education, defense and space research, and the nonprofit sector. Follow him on [Twitter][15], [Facebook][16], [Google+][17].
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/repetitive-strain-injury-prevention-software.html
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作者：[Vivek Gite][a]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/
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[1]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/media/new/tips/2009/11/workrave-image.jpg (workrave-image)
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[2]:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repetitive_strain_injury
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[3]:https://web.eecs.umich.edu/~cscott/rsi.html##symptoms
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[4]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/ubuntu-lts-debian-linux-apt-command-examples/ (See Linux/Unix apt command examples for more info)
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[5]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/linux-debian-package-management-cheat-sheet.html (See Linux/Unix apt-get command examples for more info)
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[6]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/rhel-centos-fedora-linux-yum-command-howto/ (See Linux/Unix yum command examples for more info)
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[7]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/media/new/tips/2009/11/add-workwave-to-panel.png (Adding an Object (Workrave) to a Gnome Panel)
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[8]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/media/new/tips/2009/11/screenshot-workrave.png (Workrave main window shows the time remaining until it suggests a pause.)
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[9]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/media/new/tips/2009/11/miss-workrave.png (Miss Workrave Sofrware character walks you through various RSI stretching exercises )
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[10]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/media/new/tips/2009/11/time-for-micro-pause.gif (Workrave RSI Software Time for a micro-pause remainder )
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[11]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/media/new/tips/2009/11/Micro-break.png (Workrave RSI Software Micro-break )
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[12]:http://www.workrave.org/
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[13]:https://github.com/ttygde/pokoy
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[14]:http://gnomepomodoro.org
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[15]:https://twitter.com/nixcraft
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[16]:https://facebook.com/nixcraft
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[17]:https://plus.google.com/+CybercitiBiz
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@ -0,0 +1,145 @@
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如何在Linux下开发避免重复性压迫损伤
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======
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![workrave-image][1]
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[重复性压迫损伤][2] （RSI）是职业性损伤综合征, 非特异性手臂疼痛或工作引起的上肢障碍。重复性压迫损伤 (RSI) 是由于过度使用双手从事重复性任务，如打字，写和使用鼠标. 不幸的是，大部分人不了解什么是重复性压迫损伤 (RSI)以及它的危害有多大。你可以使用名叫Workrave的开源软件轻松的预防重复性压迫损伤 (RSI)。
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### 重复性压迫损伤 (RSI)有哪些症状？
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我从[page][3]引用过来的, 看看哪些你被说中了：
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1. 疲惫缺乏忍耐力？
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2. 手掌及上肢乏力
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3. 疼痛麻木甚至失去知觉？
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4. 沉重：你有没有感觉手很沉？
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5. 笨拙: 你有没有感觉抓不紧东西？
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6. 你有没有感觉手上无力？很难打开罐子或切菜无力？
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7. 缺乏协调和控制？
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8. 手总是冰凉的？
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9. 健康意识有待提高？稍不注意身体就发现有毛病了。
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10. 是否过敏？
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11. 频繁的自我按摩(潜意识的)？
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12. 共鸣的疼痛？ 当别人在谈论手痛的时候，你是否也感觉到了手疼？
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### 如何减少开发者的重复性压迫损伤风险（RSI）
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* 使用计算机的时候每个30分钟间隔休息一下。借助软件如 workrave 预防重复性压迫损伤风险（RSI）。
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* 有规律的锻炼可以预防各种损伤，包括重复性压迫损伤
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* 使用合理的姿势。调整你的电脑桌和椅子使身体保持一个肌肉放松状态
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### Workrave
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Workrave 是一款预防计算机用户患重复性损伤（RSI）或近视。软件会定期锁屏为一个动画： "Workrave 小姐" 引导用户做各种伸展运动并敦促其休息一下。这个软件经常提醒你暂停休息一下并限制你每天的活动。程序可以运行在 MS-Window ， Linux以及类UNIX操作系统下。
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#### 安装 workrave
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在Debian/Ubuntu Linux系统运行以下 [apt 命令][4]/[apt-get 命令][5]：
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`$ sudo apt-get install workrave`
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Fedora Linux 发行版用户运行一下dnf命令：
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`$ sudo dnf install workrave`
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RHEL/CentOS Linux 用户可以启动EPEL repo并用[yum 命令][6]安装：
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```
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### [ **在CentOS/RHEL 7.x 及衍生版本上测试** ] ###
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$ sudo yum install epel-release
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$ sudo yum install https://rpms.remirepo.net/enterprise/remi-release-7.rpm
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$ sudo yum install workrave
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```
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Arch Linux用户运行以下pacman命令来安装：
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`$ sudo pacman -S workrave`
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FreeBSD 用户可用一下pkg命令安装：
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`# pkg install workrave`
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OpenBSD 用户可用一下pkg_add命令安装：
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```
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$ doas pkg_add workrave
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```
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#### 如何配置 workrave
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Workrave 以一个小程序运行，他的用户界面位于面板中。你可以为 workrave 增加一个面板来控制软件的动作和外观。
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##### 增加一个新workrave对象到面板
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* 在面板空白区域右键，打开面板弹出菜单
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* 选择新增到面板
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* 新增面板对话框打开，在加载器顶部，可以看到可用的面板对象按照字母排列。选中 workrave 程序并单击新增。
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![Fig.01: 添加workrave对象到面板][7]
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Fig.01: 新增workrave对象到面板
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##### 如何设置 Workrave 属性?
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如果修改 workrave 对象的属性，执行以下步骤：
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* 右键 workrave 对象打开面板对象弹出
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* 选中偏好。使用属性对话框修改对应属性
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Fig.02: 修改 Workrave 对象属性
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#### Workrave 运行展示
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主窗口显示下一次提醒休息的剩余时间，这个窗口可以关闭，时间提示窗口会在面板上。
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![Fig.03: 时间计数器 ][8]
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Fig.03:时间计数器
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![Fig.04: Workrave 小姐- 引导你做伸展运动的动画][9]
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Fig.04: Workrave 小姐- 引导你做伸展运动的动画
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休息提示窗口，请求你暂停一下工作
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![Fig.05: 休息提示倒计时 ][10]
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Fig.05: 休息提示倒计时
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![Fig.06: 你可以跳过休息按钮 ][11]
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Fig.06: 你可以跳过休息按钮
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##### 参考链接:
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1. [Workrave 项目][12] 主页
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2. [pokoy][13] 轻量级防止重复性压迫损伤（RSI）和其他计算机压力的程序
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3. GNOME3下的[Pomodoro][14] 计数器 .
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4. [RSI][2] 的维基百科
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### 关于作者
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作者是nixCraft创始人，经验丰富的系统管理员，同时也是一个Linux/Unix系统下的shell脚本培训师。他曾服务于全球客户，并与多个行业合作包括IT，教育，国防和航天研究，以及非盈利机构。可以[Twitter][15], [Facebook][16], [Google+][17]关注他。
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/repetitive-strain-injury-prevention-software.html
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作者：[Vivek Gite][a]
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译者：[guevaraya](https://github.com/guevaraya)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/
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[1]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/media/new/tips/2009/11/workrave-image.jpg
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[2]:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Repetitive_strain_injury
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[3]:https://web.eecs.umich.edu/~cscott/rsi.html##symptoms
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[4]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/ubuntu-lts-debian-linux-apt-command-examples/
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[5]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/linux-debian-package-management-cheat-sheet.html
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[6]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/rhel-centos-fedora-linux-yum-command-howto/
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[7]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/media/new/tips/2009/11/add-workwave-to-panel.png
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[8]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/media/new/tips/2009/11/screenshot-workrave.png
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[9]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/media/new/tips/2009/11/miss-workrave.png
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[10]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/media/new/tips/2009/11/time-for-micro-pause.gif
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[11]:https://www.cyberciti.biz/media/new/tips/2009/11/Micro-break.png
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[12]:http://www.workrave.org/
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[13]:https://github.com/ttygde/pokoy
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[14]:http://gnomepomodoro.org
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[15]:https://twitter.com/nixcraft
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[16]:https://facebook.com/nixcraft
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[17]:https://plus.google.com/+CybercitiBiz
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