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Happy anniversary, Linux: A look back at where it all began
============================================================
Translating by softpaopao
### Installing SLS 1.05 shows just how far the Linux kernel has come in 26 years.
![Happy anniversary, Linux: A look back at where it all began](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/happy_birthday_tux.png?itok=GoaC0Car "Happy anniversary, Linux: A look back at where it all began")
Image by : [litlnemo][25]. Modified by Opensource.com. [CC BY-SA 2.0.][26]
I first installed Linux in 1993\. I ran MS-DOS at the time, but I really liked the Unix systems in our campus computer lab, where I spent much of my time as an undergraduate university student. When I heard about Linux, a free version of Unix that I could run on my 386 computer at home, I immediately wanted to try it out. My first Linux distribution was [Softlanding Linux System][27] (SLS) 1.03, with Linux kernel 0.99 alpha patch level 11\. That required a whopping 2MB of RAM, or 4MB if you wanted to compile programs, and 8MB to run X windows.
More Linux resources
* [What is Linux?][1]
* [What are Linux containers?][2]
* [Download Now: Linux commands cheat sheet][3]
* [Advanced Linux commands cheat sheet][4]
* [Our latest Linux articles][5]
I thought Linux was a huge step up from the world of MS-DOS. While Linux lacked the breadth of applications and games available on MS-DOS, I found Linux gave me a greater degree of flexibility. Unlike MS-DOS, I could now do true multi-tasking, running more than one program at a time. And Linux provided a wealth of tools, including a C compiler that I could use to build my own programs.
A year later, I upgraded to SLS 1.05, which sported the brand-new Linux kernel 1.0\. More importantly, Linux 1.0 introduced kernel modules. With modules, you no longer needed to completely recompile your kernel to support new hardware; instead you loaded one of the 63 included Linux kernel modules. SLS 1.05 included this note about modules in the distribution's README file:
> Modularization of the kernel is aimed squarely at reducing, and eventually eliminating, the requirements for recompiling the kernel, either for changing/modifying device drivers or for dynamic access to infrequently required drivers. More importantly, perhaps, the efforts of individual working groups need no longer affect the development of the kernel proper. In fact, a binary release of the official kernel should now be possible.
On August 25, the Linux kernel will reach its 26th anniversary. To celebrate, I reinstalled SLS 1.05 to remind myself what the Linux 1.0 kernel was like and to recognize how far Linux has come since the 1990s. Join me on this journey into Linux nostalgia!
### Installation
Softlanding Linux System was the first true "distribution" that included an install program. Yet the install process isn't the same smooth process you find in modern distributions. Instead of booting from an install CD-ROM, I needed to boot my system from an install floppy, then run the install program from the **login** prompt.
### [install1.png][6]
![Installing SLS 1.05 from the login prompt](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/u128651/install1.png "Installing SLS 1.05 from the login prompt")
A neat feature introduced in SLS 1.05 was the color-enabled text-mode installer. When I selected color mode, the installer switched to a light blue background with black text, instead of the plain white-on-black text used by our primitive forbearers.
### [install2.png][7]
![Color-enabled text-mode installer in SLS 1.05](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/u128651/install2.png "Color-enabled text-mode installer in SLS 1.05")
The SLS installer is a simple affair, scrolling text from the bottom of the screen, but it does the job. By responding to a few simple prompts, I was able to create a partition for Linux, put an ext2 filesystem on it, and install Linux. Installing SLS 1.05, including X windows and development tools, required about 85MB of disk space. That may not sound like much space by today's standards, but when Linux 1.0 came out, 120MB hard drives were still common.
### [install10.png][8]
![Creating a partition for Linux, putting an ext2 filesystem on it, and installing Linux](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/u128651/install10.png "Creating a partition for Linux, putting an ext2 filesystem on it, and installing Linux")
### [firstboot1.png][9]
![First boot](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/u128651/firstboot1.png "First boot")
### System level
When I first booted into Linux, my memory triggered a few system things about this early version of Linux. First, Linux doesn't take up much space. After booting the system and running a few utilities to check it out, Linux occupied less than 4MB of memory. On a system with 16MB of memory, that meant lots left over to run programs.
### [uname-df.png][10]
![Checking out the filesystem and available disk space](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/u128651/uname-df.png "Checking out the filesystem and available disk space")
The familiar **/proc** meta filesystem exists in Linux 1.0, although it doesn't provide much information compared to what you see in modern systems. In Linux 1.0, **/proc** includes interfaces to probe basic system statistics like **meminfo** and **stat**.
### [proc.png][11]
![The familiar /proc meta filesystem](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/u128651/proc.png "The familiar /proc meta filesystem")
The **/etc** directory on this system is pretty bare. Notably, SLS 1.05 borrows the **rc** scripts from [BSD Unix][28] to control system startup. Everything gets started via **rc**scripts, with local system changes defined in the **rc.local** file. Later, most Linux distributions would adopt the more familiar **init** scripts from [Unix System V][29], then the [systemd][30] initialization system.
### [etc.png][12]
![The /etc directory](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/u128651/etc.png "The /etc directory")
### What you can do
With my system up and running, it was time to get to work. So, what can you do with this early Linux system?
Let's start with basic file management. Every time you log in, SLS reminds you about the Softlanding menu shell (MESH), a file-management program that modern users might recognize as similar to [Midnight Commander][31]. Users in the 1990s would have compared MESH more closely to [Norton Commander][32], arguably the most popular third-party file manager available on MS-DOS.
### [mesh.png][13]
![The Softlanding menu shell (MESH)](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/u128651/mesh.png "The Softlanding menu shell (MESH)")
Aside from MESH, there are relatively few full-screen applications included with SLS 1.05\. But you can find the familiar user tools, including the Elm mail reader, the GNU Emacs programmable editor, and the venerable Vim editor.
### [elm.png][14]
![Elm mail reader](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/u128651/elm.png "Elm mail reader")
### [emacs19.png][15]
![GNU Emacs programmable editor](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/u128651/emacs19.png "GNU Emacs programmable editor")
SLS 1.05 even included a version of Tetris that you could play at the terminal.
### [tetris.png][16]
![Tetris for terminals](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/u128651/tetris.png "Tetris for terminals")
In the 1990s, most residential internet access was via dial-up connections, so SLS 1.05 included the Minicom modem-dialer application. Minicom provided a direct connection to the modem and required users to navigate the Hayes modem **AT** commands to do basic functions like dial a number or hang up the phone. Minicom also supported macros and other neat features to make it easier to connect to your local modem pool.
### [minicom.png][17]
![Minicom modem-dialer application](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/u128651/minicom.png "Minicom modem-dialer application")
But what if you wanted to write a document? SLS 1.05 existed long before the likes of LibreOffice or OpenOffice. Linux just didn't have those applications in the early 1990s. Instead, if you wanted to use a word processor, you likely booted your system into MS-DOS and ran your favorite word processor program, such as WordPerfect or the shareware GalaxyWrite.
But all Unix systems include a set of simple text formatting programs, called nroff and troff. On Linux systems, these are combined into the GNU groff package, and SLS 1.05 includes a version of groff. One of my tests with SLS 1.05 was to generate a simple text document using nroff.
### [paper-me-emacs.png][18]
![A simple nroff text document](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/u128651/paper-me-emacs.png "A simple nroff text document")
### [paper-me-out.png][19]
![nroff text document output](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/u128651/paper-me-out.png "nroff text document output")
### Running X windows
Getting X windows to perform was not exactly easy, as the SLS install file promised:
> Getting X windows to run on your PC can sometimes be a bit of a sobering experience, mostly because there are so many types of video cards for the PC. Linux X11 supports only VGA type video cards, but there are so many types of VGAs that only certain ones are fully supported. SLS comes with two X windows servers. The full color one, XFree86, supports some or all ET3000, ET4000, PVGA1, GVGA, Trident, S3, 8514, Accelerated cards, ATI plus, and others.
>
> The other server, XF86_Mono, should work with virtually any VGA card, but only in monochrome mode. Accordingly, it also uses less memory and should be faster than the color one. But of course it doesn't look as nice.
>
> The bulk of the X windows configuration information is stored in the directory "/usr/X386/lib/X11/". In particular, the file "Xconfig" defines the timings for the monitor and the video card. By default, X windows is set up to use the color server, but you can switch to using the monochrome server x386mono, if the color one gives you trouble, since it should support any standard VGA. Essentially, this just means making /usr/X386/bin/X a link to it.
>
> Just edit Xconfig to set the mouse device type and timings, and enter "startx".
If that sounds confusing, it is. Configuring X windows by hand really can be a sobering experience. Fortunately, SLS 1.05 included the syssetup program to help you define various system components, including display settings for X windows. After a few prompts, and some experimenting and tweaking, I was finally able to launch X windows!
### [syssetup.png][20]
![The syssetup program](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/u128651/syssetup.png "The syssetup program")
But this is X windows from 1994, and the concept of a desktop didn't exist yet. My options were either FVWM (a virtual window manager) or TWM (the tabbed window manager). TWM was straightforward to set up and provided a simple, yet functional, graphical environment.
### [twm_720.png][21]
![TWM](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/u128651/twm_720.png "TWM")
### Shutdown
As much as I enjoyed exploring my Linux roots, eventually it was time to return to my modern desktop. I originally ran Linux on a 32-bit 386 computer with just 8MB of memory and a 120MB hard drive, and my system today is much more powerful. I can do so much more on my dual-core, 64-bit Intel Core i5 CPU with 4GB of memory and a 128GB solid-state drive running Linux kernel 4.11.11\. So, after my experiments with SLS 1.05 were over, it was time to leave.
### [shutdown-h.png][22]
![Shutting down](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/u128651/shutdown-h.png "Shutting down")
So long, Linux 1.0\. It's good to see how well you've grown up.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://opensource.com/article/17/8/linux-anniversary
作者：[Jim Hall ][a]
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]:https://opensource.com/users/jim-hall
[1]:https://opensource.com/resources/what-is-linux?intcmp=70160000000h1jYAAQ&utm_source=intcallout&utm_campaign=linuxcontent
[2]:https://opensource.com/resources/what-are-linux-containers?intcmp=70160000000h1jYAAQ&utm_source=intcallout&utm_campaign=linuxcontent
[3]:https://developers.redhat.com/promotions/linux-cheatsheet/?intcmp=70160000000h1jYAAQ&utm_source=intcallout&utm_campaign=linuxcontent
[4]:https://developers.redhat.com/cheat-sheet/advanced-linux-commands-cheatsheet?intcmp=70160000000h1jYAAQ&utm_source=intcallout&utm_campaign=linuxcontent
[5]:https://opensource.com/tags/linux?intcmp=70160000000h1jYAAQ&utm_source=intcallout&utm_campaign=linuxcontent
[6]:https://opensource.com/file/365166
[7]:https://opensource.com/file/365171
[8]:https://opensource.com/file/365176
[9]:https://opensource.com/file/365161
[10]:https://opensource.com/file/365221
[11]:https://opensource.com/file/365196
[12]:https://opensource.com/file/365156
[13]:https://opensource.com/file/365181
[14]:https://opensource.com/file/365146
[15]:https://opensource.com/file/365151
[16]:https://opensource.com/file/365211
[17]:https://opensource.com/file/365186
[18]:https://opensource.com/file/365191
[19]:https://opensource.com/file/365226
[20]:https://opensource.com/file/365206
[21]:https://opensource.com/file/365236
[22]:https://opensource.com/file/365201
[23]:https://opensource.com/article/17/8/linux-anniversary?rate=XujKSFS7GfDmxcV7Jf_HUK_MdrW15Po336fO3G8s1m0
[24]:https://opensource.com/user/126046/feed
[25]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/litlnemo/19777182/
[26]:https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/
[27]:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Softlanding_Linux_System
[28]:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkeley_Software_Distribution
[29]:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNIX_System_V
[30]:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systemd
[31]:https://midnight-commander.org/
[32]:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norton_Commander
[33]:https://opensource.com/users/jim-hall
[34]:https://opensource.com/users/jim-hall
[35]:https://opensource.com/article/17/8/linux-anniversary#comments

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周年快乐，Linux：回顾这一切的开始
============================================================
### 通过安装 SLS 1.05 展示了 Linux 内核在这 26 年间走过了多远。
![Happy anniversary, Linux: A look back at where it all began](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/happy_birthday_tux.png?itok=GoaC0Car "Happy anniversary, Linux: A look back at where it all began")
图片来源：[litlnemo][25]。由 Opnesource.com 修改。[CC BY-SA 2.0.][26]
我第一次安装 Linux 是在 1993年。那时我跑的是 MS-DOS，但我真的很喜欢学校机房电脑的 Unix 系统，就是在那里度过了我大学本科期间的大部分时间。 当我听说了 Linux，一个 Unix 的免费版本，可以在我家的 386 电脑上运行的时候，我立刻就想要尝试。我的第一个 Linux 发行版是 [Softlanding Linux System][27] (SLS) 1.03, 带有 补丁级别为 11 的 0.99 alpha 版本的 Linux 内核。高达 2 MB 的内存需求，如果你想要编译项目需要 4 MB，运行 X windows 则需要 8 MB。
更多 Linux 资源
* [ Linux 是什么？][1]
* [ Linux 容器是什么？][2]
* [现在下载：Linux 命令速查表][3]
* [高级 Linux 命令速查表][4]
* [我们最新的 Linux 文章][5]
我认为 Linux 相较于 MS-DOS 的世界是一个巨大的进步。 尽管 Linux 缺乏广泛的应用以及运行在 MS-DOS 上的游戏，但我发现 Linux 带给我的是巨大的灵活性。不像 MS-DOS ，现在我可以进行真正的多任务，同时运行不止一个程序。并且 Linux 提供了丰富的工具，包括一个 C 语言编译器，让我可以构建自己的项目。
一年后，我升级到了 SLS 1.05，它支持全新的 Linux 内核 1.0。 更重要的，Linux 引入了内核模块。通过内核模块，你不再需要为支持新硬件而编译整个内核；取而代之，加载一个 包含在内的 Linux 内核模块之一。在 SLS 1.05 的发行自述文件中包含这些关于模块的注释:
> 内核模块化旨在正视减少并最终消除重新编译内核的要求，无论是变更、修改设备驱动或者为了动态访问不常用的驱动。更为重要的是，也许，个别工作小组的工作不再影响到内核的正确开发。事实上，这让现在官方内核的二进制版本成为了可能。
在 8 月 25 日，Linux 内核将迎来它的第 26 周年（译：已经过去了 =.= ）。为了庆祝，我重新安装了 SLS 1.05 来提醒自己 Linux 1.0 内核是什么样子，去认识 Linux 自二十世纪 90 年代以来走了多远。和我一起踏上 Linux 的怀旧之旅吧！
### 安装
SLS 是第一个真正的 “发行版”，因为它包含一个安装程序。 尽管安装过程并不像现代发行版一样顺畅。 不能从 CD-ROM 启动安装，我需要从软盘启动我的系统，然后从 **login** 提示中运行安装程序。
### [install1.png][6]
![Installing SLS 1.05 from the login prompt](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/u128651/install1.png "Installing SLS 1.05 from the login prompt")
在 SLS 1.05 中支持彩色的文本模式安装器有一段简洁的功能介绍。当我选择彩色模式时，安装器切换到一个带有黑色文字的亮蓝色背景，不再是我们祖辈们使用的原始的普通黑白文本。
### [install2.png][7]
![Color-enabled text-mode installer in SLS 1.05](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/u128651/install2.png "Color-enabled text-mode installer in SLS 1.05")
SLS 安装器是一个简单的事件，从屏幕底部滚动文本，但这就是它的工作。通过响应一些简单的提示，我能够创建一个 Linux 分区，挂载上 ext2 文件系统，并安装 Linux 。 安装包含了 X windows 和开发工具的 SLS 1.05，需要大约 85 MB 的磁盘空间。依照今天的标准这听起来可能不是很多，但在 Linux 1.0 出来的时候，120 MB 的硬件设备仍然很常见。
### [install10.png][8]
![Creating a partition for Linux, putting an ext2 filesystem on it, and installing Linux](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/u128651/install10.png "Creating a partition for Linux, putting an ext2 filesystem on it, and installing Linux")
### [firstboot1.png][9]
![First boot](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/u128651/firstboot1.png "First boot")
### 系统级别
当我第一次启动到 Linux 时，我的内存引发了一些关于早期版本 Linux 的系统事件。首先，Linux 没有占据很多的空间。在启动系统之后运行一些程序来检查的时候，Linux 占用不到 4 MB 的内存。在一个拥有 16MB 内存的系统中，这就意味着节省了很多内存用来运行程序。
### [uname-df.png][10]
![Checking out the filesystem and available disk space](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/u128651/uname-df.png "Checking out the filesystem and available disk space")
熟息的 **/proc** 元文件系统存在于 Linux 1.0，尽管对比我们今天看到的现代系统它并不能提供许多信息。在 Linux 1.0， **/proc** 包含一些界面来探测基本的系统状态像是 **meminfo** 和 **stat**。
### [proc.png][11]
![The familiar /proc meta filesystem](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/u128651/proc.png "The familiar /proc meta filesystem")
在这个系统上的 **/etc** 文件目录非常简单。特别的是，SLS 1.05 带来了来自 [BSD Unix][28] 的 **rc** 脚本来控制系统启动。 初始化是通过 **rc** 脚本，由 **rc.local** 文件来定义调整本地系统。后来，许多 Linux 发行版采用了很相似的来自 [Unix System V][29] 的 **init** 脚本，然后是 [systemd][30] 初始化系统。
### [etc.png][12]
![The /etc directory](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/u128651/etc.png "The /etc directory")
### 你能做些什么
随着系统的启动运行，接下来就该工作了，那么，在这样的早期 Linux 系统上你能做些什么？
让我们从基本的文件管理开始。 每次在你登录的时候，SLS 会提醒你的是 Softlanding menu shell (MESH)，这是一个文件管理程序，现代用户们可能认出它和 [Midnight Commander][31] 很相似。 二十世纪 90 年代的用户们可能拿 MESH 与更为接近的 [Norton Commander][32] 相比，这个可以说是在 MS-DOS 上最流行的第三方文件管理程序。
### [mesh.png][13]
![The Softlanding menu shell (MESH)](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/u128651/mesh.png "The Softlanding menu shell (MESH)")
在 SLS 1.05 中包含一些相对全屏的应用程序位于 MESH 的一侧。但你可以找到熟息的用户工具，包括 Elm 邮件阅读器，GNU Emacs 可编程编辑器，以及古老的 Vim 编辑器。
### [elm.png][14]
![Elm mail reader](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/u128651/elm.png "Elm mail reader")
### [emacs19.png][15]
![GNU Emacs programmable editor](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/u128651/emacs19.png "GNU Emacs programmable editor")
SLS 1.05 甚至包含了一个可以让你在终端玩的俄罗斯方块版本。
### [tetris.png][16]
![Tetris for terminals](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/u128651/tetris.png "Tetris for terminals")
在二十世纪 90 年代，住宅网络的接入是通过拨号连接的，所以 SLS 1.05 包含 Minicom 调制解调器-拨号程序。Minicom 提供一个与调制解调器直接连接并允许用户控制 Hayes 调制解调器的 **AT** 命令进行一些像是拨号或挂电话这样的基础功能。Minicom 同样支持宏和其他简单功能来使连接你的本地调制解调器池更容易。
### [minicom.png][17]
![Minicom modem-dialer application](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/u128651/minicom.png "Minicom modem-dialer application")
但如果你想要写一篇文档时怎么办？ SLS 1.05 的存在要比 LibreOffice 或者 OpenOffice 早很长时间。在二十世纪 90 年代，Linux 还没有这些应用。相反，如果你想要使用一个文字处理器，可能需要引导你的系统进入 MS-DOS，然后运行你喜欢的文字处理器程序，如 WordPerfect 或者共享软件 GalaxyWrite。
但是所有的 Unix 系统都包含一个简单的文本格式设置程序，叫做 nroff 和 troff。在 Linux 系统中，他们被合并成 GNU groff 包，并且 SLS 1.05 包含了 groff 的一个版本。我在 SLS 1.05 上的一项测试就是用 nroff 生成一个简单的文本文档。
### [paper-me-emacs.png][18]
![A simple nroff text document](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/u128651/paper-me-emacs.png "A simple nroff text document")
### [paper-me-out.png][19]
![nroff text document output](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/u128651/paper-me-out.png "nroff text document output")
### 运行 X windows
获取安装 X windows 并不容易，由于 SLS 安装文件承诺：
> 在你的 PC 上获取安装 X windows 可能会有一些发人深省的体验，主要是因为 PC 的显示卡类型太多。Linux X11 仅支持 VGA 类型的显示卡，但在许多类型的 VGA 中仅有个别的某些类型是完全支持的。SLS 存在两种 X windows 服务器。全彩的 XFree86，支持一些或所有 ET3000, ET400, PVGA1, GVGA, Trident, S3, 8514, Accelerated cards, ATI plus 等。
>
> 另一个服务器 XF86_Mono，能够工作在几乎所有的 VGA 卡上，但只提供单色模式。因此，相比于彩色服务器，它会占用更少的内存并拥有更快的速度。当然就是看起来不怎么漂亮。
>
> X windows 的批量配置信息存储在目录 "/usr/X386/lib/X11/"。需要注意的是，"Xconfig" 文件为监视器和显示卡定义了时序。默认情况下，X windows 设置使用彩色服务器，如果彩色服务器出现问题，你可以切换到单色服务器 x386mono，因为它已经支持各种标准的 VGA。本质上，就是创建链接到 /usr/X386/bin/X。
>
> 只需要编辑 Xconfig 来设置鼠标驱动类型和时序，然后键入 "startx"。
这些听起来令人困惑，但它就是这样。手工配置 X windows 真的可以是一个发人深省的体验。幸好，SLS 1.05 包含了 syssetup 程序来帮你确定系统组件的种类，包括了 X windows 的显示设置。在一些提示过后，经过一些实验和调整，最终我成功启动了 X windows！
### [syssetup.png][20]
![The syssetup program](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/u128651/syssetup.png "The syssetup program")
这就是 1994 年的 X windows，并不存在桌面的概念。我的选项是 FVWM （一个虚拟窗口管理器）或 TWM （选项卡式的窗口管理器）。TWM 直接建立并提供一个功能简单的图形环境。
### [twm_720.png][21]
![TWM](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/u128651/twm_720.png "TWM")
### 关机
已经尽可能多的沉浸在我的 Linux 起源的探索中，最终是时候回到我的现代桌面上了。最初我跑 Linux 的是一台仅有 8MB 内存和 一个 120MB 硬盘驱动器的 32位 386 电脑，而我现在的系统已经足够强大了。拥有双核 64 位 Intel Core i5 处理器，4 GB 内存和一个 128 GB 的固态硬盘，我可以在我的运行着 Linux 内核 4.11.11 的系统上做更多事情。那么，在我的 SLS 1.05 的实验结束之后，是时候离开了。
### [shutdown-h.png][22]
![Shutting down](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/u128651/shutdown-h.png "Shutting down")
再见，Linux 1.0。很高兴看到你的茁壮成长。
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://opensource.com/article/17/8/linux-anniversary
作者：[Jim Hall ][a]
译者：[softpaopao](https://github.com/softpaopao)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]:https://opensource.com/users/jim-hall
[1]:https://opensource.com/resources/what-is-linux?intcmp=70160000000h1jYAAQ&utm_source=intcallout&utm_campaign=linuxcontent
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[3]:https://developers.redhat.com/promotions/linux-cheatsheet/?intcmp=70160000000h1jYAAQ&utm_source=intcallout&utm_campaign=linuxcontent
[4]:https://developers.redhat.com/cheat-sheet/advanced-linux-commands-cheatsheet?intcmp=70160000000h1jYAAQ&utm_source=intcallout&utm_campaign=linuxcontent
[5]:https://opensource.com/tags/linux?intcmp=70160000000h1jYAAQ&utm_source=intcallout&utm_campaign=linuxcontent
[6]:https://opensource.com/file/365166
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[10]:https://opensource.com/file/365221
[11]:https://opensource.com/file/365196
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[18]:https://opensource.com/file/365191
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[20]:https://opensource.com/file/365206
[21]:https://opensource.com/file/365236
[22]:https://opensource.com/file/365201
[23]:https://opensource.com/article/17/8/linux-anniversary?rate=XujKSFS7GfDmxcV7Jf_HUK_MdrW15Po336fO3G8s1m0
[24]:https://opensource.com/user/126046/feed
[25]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/litlnemo/19777182/
[26]:https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/
[27]:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Softlanding_Linux_System
[28]:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berkeley_Software_Distribution
[29]:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNIX_System_V
[30]:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systemd
[31]:https://midnight-commander.org/
[32]:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norton_Commander
[33]:https://opensource.com/users/jim-hall
[34]:https://opensource.com/users/jim-hall
[35]:https://opensource.com/article/17/8/linux-anniversary#comments