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Translating by qhwdw
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Install Oracle VirtualBox On Ubuntu 18.04 LTS Headless Server
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======
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This step by step tutorial walk you through how to install **Oracle VirtualBox** on Ubuntu 18.04 LTS headless server. And, this guide also describes how to manage the VirtualBox headless instances using **phpVirtualBox** , a web-based front-end tool for VirtualBox. The steps described below might also work on Debian, and other Ubuntu derivatives such as Linux Mint. Let us get started.
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### Prerequisites
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Before installing Oracle VirtualBox, we need to do the following prerequisites in our Ubuntu 18.04 LTS server.
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First of all, update the Ubuntu server by running the following commands one by one.
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```
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$ sudo apt update
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$ sudo apt upgrade
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$ sudo apt dist-upgrade
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```
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Next, install the following necessary packages:
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```
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$ sudo apt install build-essential dkms unzip wget
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```
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After installing all updates and necessary prerequisites, restart the Ubuntu server.
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```
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$ sudo reboot
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```
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### Install Oracle VirtualBox on Ubuntu 18.04 LTS server
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Add Oracle VirtualBox official repository. To do so, edit **/etc/apt/sources.list** file:
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```
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$ sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list
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```
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Add the following lines.
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Here, I will be using Ubuntu 18.04 LTS, so I have added the following repository.
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```
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deb http://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/debian bionic contrib
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```
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![][2]
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Replace the word **‘bionic’** with your Ubuntu distribution’s code name, such as ‘xenial’, ‘vivid’, ‘utopic’, ‘trusty’, ‘raring’, ‘quantal’, ‘precise’, ‘lucid’, ‘jessie’, ‘wheezy’, or ‘squeeze**‘.**
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Then, run the following command to add the Oracle public key:
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```
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$ wget -q https://www.virtualbox.org/download/oracle_vbox_2016.asc -O- | sudo apt-key add -
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```
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For VirtualBox older versions, add the following key:
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```
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$ wget -q https://www.virtualbox.org/download/oracle_vbox.asc -O- | sudo apt-key add -
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```
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Next, update the software sources using command:
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```
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$ sudo apt update
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```
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Finally, install latest Oracle VirtualBox latest version using command:
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```
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$ sudo apt install virtualbox-5.2
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```
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### Adding users to VirtualBox group
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We need to create and add our system user to the **vboxusers** group. You can either create a separate user and assign it to vboxusers group or use the existing user. I don’t want to create a new user, so I added my existing user to this group. Please note that if you use a separate user for virtualbox, you must log out and log in to that particular user and do the rest of the steps.
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I am going to use my username named **sk** , so, I ran the following command to add it to the vboxusers group.
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```
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$ sudo usermod -aG vboxusers sk
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```
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Now, run the following command to check if virtualbox kernel modules are loaded or not.
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```
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$ sudo systemctl status vboxdrv
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```
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![][3]
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As you can see in the above screenshot, the vboxdrv module is loaded and running!
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For older Ubuntu versions, run:
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```
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$ sudo /etc/init.d/vboxdrv status
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```
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If the virtualbox module doesn’t start, run the following command to start it.
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```
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$ sudo /etc/init.d/vboxdrv setup
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```
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Great! We have successfully installed VirtualBox and started virtualbox module. Now, let us go ahead and install Oracle VirtualBox extension pack.
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### Install VirtualBox Extension pack
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The VirtualBox Extension pack provides the following functionalities to the VirtualBox guests.
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* The virtual USB 2.0 (EHCI) device
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* VirtualBox Remote Desktop Protocol (VRDP) support
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* Host webcam passthrough
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* Intel PXE boot ROM
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* Experimental support for PCI passthrough on Linux hosts
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Download the latest Extension pack for VirtualBox 5.2.x from [**here**][4].
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```
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$ wget https://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/5.2.14/Oracle_VM_VirtualBox_Extension_Pack-5.2.14.vbox-extpack
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```
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Install Extension pack using command:
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```
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$ sudo VBoxManage extpack install Oracle_VM_VirtualBox_Extension_Pack-5.2.14.vbox-extpack
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```
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Congratulations! We have successfully installed Oracle VirtualBox with extension pack in Ubuntu 16.04 LTS server. It is time to deploy virtual machines. Refer the [**virtualbox official guide**][5] to start creating and managing virtual machines in command line.
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Not everyone is command line expert. Some of you might want to create and use virtual machines graphically. No worries! Here is where **phpVirtualBox** comes in handy!!
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### About phpVirtualBox
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**phpVirtualBox** is a free, web-based front-end to Oracle VirtualBox. It is written using PHP language. Using phpVirtualBox, we can easily create, delete, manage and administer virtual machines via a web browser from any remote system on the network.
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### Install phpVirtualBox in Ubuntu 18.04 LTS
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Since it is a web-based tool, we need to install Apache web server, PHP and some php modules.
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To do so, run:
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```
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$ sudo apt install apache2 php php-mysql libapache2-mod-php php-soap php-xml
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```
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Then, Download the phpVirtualBox 5.2.x version from the [**releases page**][6]. Please note that we have installed VirtualBox 5.2, so we must install phpVirtualBox version 5.2 as well.
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To download it, run:
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```
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$ wget https://github.com/phpvirtualbox/phpvirtualbox/archive/5.2-0.zip
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```
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Extract the downloaded archive with command:
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```
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$ unzip 5.2-0.zip
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```
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This command will extract the contents of 5.2.0.zip file into a folder named “phpvirtualbox-5.2-0”. Now, copy or move the contents of this folder to your apache web server root folder.
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```
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$ sudo mv phpvirtualbox-5.2-0/ /var/www/html/phpvirtualbox
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```
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Assign the proper permissions to the phpvirtualbox folder.
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```
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$ sudo chmod 777 /var/www/html/phpvirtualbox/
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```
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Next, let us configure phpVirtualBox.
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Copy the sample config file as shown below.
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```
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$ sudo cp /var/www/html/phpvirtualbox/config.php-example /var/www/html/phpvirtualbox/config.php
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```
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Edit phpVirtualBox **config.php** file:
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```
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$ sudo nano /var/www/html/phpvirtualbox/config.php
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```
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Find the following lines and replace the username and password with your system user (The same username that we used in “Adding users to VirtualBox group” section).
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In my case, my Ubuntu system username is **sk** , and its password is **ubuntu**.
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```
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var $username = 'sk';
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var $password = 'ubuntu';
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```
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![][7]
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Save and close the file.
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Next, create a new file called **/etc/default/virtualbox** :
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```
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$ sudo nano /etc/default/virtualbox
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```
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Add the following line. Replace ‘sk’ with your own username.
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```
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VBOXWEB_USER=sk
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```
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Finally, Reboot your system or simply restart the following services to complete the configuration.
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```
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$ sudo systemctl restart vboxweb-service
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$ sudo systemctl restart vboxdrv
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$ sudo systemctl restart apache2
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```
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### Adjust firewall to allow Apache web server
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By default, the apache web browser can’t be accessed from remote systems if you have enabled the UFW firewall in Ubuntu 18.04 LTS. You must allow the http and https traffic via UFW by following the below steps.
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First, let us view which applications have installed a profile using command:
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```
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$ sudo ufw app list
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Available applications:
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Apache
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Apache Full
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Apache Secure
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OpenSSH
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```
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As you can see, Apache and OpenSSH applications have installed UFW profiles.
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If you look into the **“Apache Full”** profile, you will see that it enables traffic to the ports **80** and **443** :
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```
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$ sudo ufw app info "Apache Full"
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Profile: Apache Full
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Title: Web Server (HTTP,HTTPS)
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Description: Apache v2 is the next generation of the omnipresent Apache web
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server.
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Ports:
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80,443/tcp
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```
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Now, run the following command to allow incoming HTTP and HTTPS traffic for this profile:
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```
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$ sudo ufw allow in "Apache Full"
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Rules updated
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Rules updated (v6)
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```
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If you want to allow https traffic, but only http (80) traffic, run:
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```
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$ sudo ufw app info "Apache"
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```
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### Access phpVirtualBox Web console
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Now, go to any remote system that has graphical web browser.
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In the address bar, type: **<http://IP-address-of-virtualbox-headless-server/phpvirtualbox>**.
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In my case, I navigated to this link – **<http://192.168.225.22/phpvirtualbox>**
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You should see the following screen. Enter the phpVirtualBox administrative user credentials.
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The default username and phpVirtualBox is **admin** / **admin**.
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![][8]
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Congratulations! You will now be greeted with phpVirtualBox dashboard.
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![][9]
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Now, start creating your VMs and manage them from phpvirtualbox dashboard. As I mentioned earlier, You can access the phpVirtualBox from any system in the same network. All you need is a web browser and the username and password of phpVirtualBox.
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If you haven’t enabled virtualization support in the BISO of host system (not the guest), phpVirtualBox allows you to create 32-bit guests only. To install 64-bit guest systems, you must enable virtualization in your host system’s BIOS. Look for an option that is something like “virtualization” or “hypervisor” in your bios and make sure it is enabled.
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That’s it. Hope this helps. If you find this guide useful, please share it on your social networks and support us.
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More good stuffs to come. Stay tuned!
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://www.ostechnix.com/install-oracle-virtualbox-ubuntu-16-04-headless-server/
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作者：[SK][a]
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选题：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972)
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:https://www.ostechnix.com/author/sk/
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[1]:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7
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[2]:http://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Add-VirtualBox-repository.png
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[3]:http://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/vboxdrv-service.png
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[4]:https://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/Downloads
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[5]:http://www.virtualbox.org/manual/ch08.html
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[6]:https://github.com/phpvirtualbox/phpvirtualbox/releases
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[7]:http://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/phpvirtualbox-config.png
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[8]:http://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/phpvirtualbox-1.png
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[9]:http://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/phpvirtualbox-2.png
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@ -0,0 +1,319 @@
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在 Ubuntu 18.04 LTS 无头服务器上安装 Oracle VirtualBox
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======
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本教程将指导你在 Ubuntu 18.04 LTS 无头服务器上，一步一步地安装 **Oracle VirtualBox**。同时，本教程也将介绍如何使用 **phpVirtualBox** 去管理安装在无头服务器上的 **VirtualBox** 实例。**phpVirtualBox** 是 VirtualBox 的一个基于 Web 的后端工具。这个教程也可以工作在 Debian 和其它 Ubuntu 衍生版本上，如 Linux Mint。现在，我们开始。
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### 前提条件
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在安装 Oracle VirtualBox 之前，我们的 Ubuntu 18.04 LTS 服务器上需要满足如下的前提条件。
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首先，逐个运行如下的命令来更新 Ubuntu 服务器。
|
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```
|
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$ sudo apt update
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|
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$ sudo apt upgrade
|
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|
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$ sudo apt dist-upgrade
|
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|
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```
|
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|
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接下来，安装如下的必需的包：
|
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```
|
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$ sudo apt install build-essential dkms unzip wget
|
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|
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```
|
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|
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安装完成所有的更新和必需的包之后，重启动 Ubuntu 服务器。
|
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```
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$ sudo reboot
|
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```
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### 在 Ubuntu 18.04 LTS 服务器上安装 VirtualBox
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添加 Oracle VirtualBox 官方仓库。为此你需要去编辑 **/etc/apt/sources.list** 文件：
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```
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$ sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list
|
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|
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```
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添加下列的行。
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在这里，我将使用 Ubuntu 18.04 LTS，因此我添加下列的仓库。
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```
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deb http://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/debian bionic contrib
|
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```
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![][2]
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|
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用你的 Ubuntu 发行版的代码名字替换关键字 **‘bionic’**，比如，**‘xenial’、‘vivid’、‘utopic’、‘trusty’、‘raring’、‘quantal’、‘precise’、‘lucid’、‘jessie’、‘wheezy’、或 ‘squeeze‘**。
|
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然后，运行下列的命令去添加 Oracle 公钥：
|
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```
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$ wget -q https://www.virtualbox.org/download/oracle_vbox_2016.asc -O- | sudo apt-key add -
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||||
```
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对于 VirtualBox 的老版本，添加如下的公钥：
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```
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$ wget -q https://www.virtualbox.org/download/oracle_vbox.asc -O- | sudo apt-key add -
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```
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接下来，使用如下的命令去更新软件源：
|
||||
```
|
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$ sudo apt update
|
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|
||||
```
|
||||
|
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最后，使用如下的命令去安装最新版本的 Oracle VirtualBox：
|
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```
|
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$ sudo apt install virtualbox-5.2
|
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|
||||
```
|
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### 添加用户到 VirtualBox 组
|
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|
||||
我们需要去创建并添加我们的系统用户到 **vboxusers** 组中。你也可以单独创建用户，然后将它分配到 **vboxusers** 组中，也可以使用已有的用户。我不想去创建新用户，因此，我添加已存在的用户到这个组中。请注意，如果你为 virtualbox 使用一个单独的用户，那么你必须注销当前用户，并使用那个特定的用户去登入，来完成剩余的步骤。
|
||||
|
||||
我使用的是我的用户名 **sk**，因此，我运行如下的命令将它添加到 **vboxusers** 组中。
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo usermod -aG vboxusers sk
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
现在，运行如下的命令去检查 virtualbox 内核模块是否已加载。
|
||||
```
|
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$ sudo systemctl status vboxdrv
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
![][3]
|
||||
|
||||
正如你在上面的截屏中所看到的，vboxdrv 模块已加载，并且是已运行的状态！
|
||||
|
||||
对于老的 Ubuntu 版本，运行：
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo /etc/init.d/vboxdrv status
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
如果 virtualbox 模块没有启动，运行如下的命令去启动它。
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo /etc/init.d/vboxdrv setup
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
很好！我们已经成功安装了 VirtualBox 并启动了 virtualbox 模块。现在，我们继续来安装 Oracle VirtualBox 的扩展包。
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||||
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||||
### 安装 VirtualBox 扩展包
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||||
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||||
VirtualBox 扩展包为 VirtualBox 访客系统提供了如下的功能。
|
||||
|
||||
* 虚拟的 USB 2.0 (EHCI) 驱动
|
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* VirtualBox 远程桌面协议（VRDP）支持
|
||||
* 宿主机网络摄像头直通
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||||
* Intel PXE 引导 ROM
|
||||
* 对 Linux 宿主机上的 PCI 直通提供支持
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
从[**这里**][4]为 VirtualBox 5.2.x 下载最新版的扩展包。
|
||||
```
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$ wget https://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/5.2.14/Oracle_VM_VirtualBox_Extension_Pack-5.2.14.vbox-extpack
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
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||||
使用如下的命令去安装扩展包：
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo VBoxManage extpack install Oracle_VM_VirtualBox_Extension_Pack-5.2.14.vbox-extpack
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
恭喜！我们已经成功地在 Ubuntu 18.04 LTS 服务器上安装了 Oracle VirtualBox 的扩展包。现在已经可以去部署虚拟机了。参考 [**virtualbox 官方指南**][5]，在命令行中开始创建和管理虚拟机。
|
||||
|
||||
然而，并不是每个人都擅长使用命令行。有些人可能希望在图形界面中去创建和使用虚拟机。不用担心！下面我们为你带来非常好用的 **phpVirtualBox** 工具！
|
||||
|
||||
### 关于 phpVirtualBox
|
||||
|
||||
**phpVirtualBox** 是一个免费的、基于 web 的 Oracle VirtualBox 后端。它是使用 PHP 开发的。用 phpVirtualBox 我们可以通过 web 浏览器从网络上的任意一个系统上，很轻松地创建、删除、管理、和执行虚拟机。
|
||||
|
||||
### 在 Ubuntu 18.04 LTS 上安装 phpVirtualBox
|
||||
|
||||
由于它是基于 web 的工具，我们需要安装 Apache web 服务器、PHP 和一些 php 模块。
|
||||
|
||||
为此，运行如下命令：
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo apt install apache2 php php-mysql libapache2-mod-php php-soap php-xml
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
然后，从 [**下载页面**][6] 上下载 phpVirtualBox 5.2.x 版。请注意，由于我们已经安装了 VirtualBox 5.2 版，因此，同样的我们必须去安装 phpVirtualBox 的 5.2 版本。
|
||||
|
||||
运行如下的命令去下载它：
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ wget https://github.com/phpvirtualbox/phpvirtualbox/archive/5.2-0.zip
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
使用如下命令解压下载的安装包：
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ unzip 5.2-0.zip
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
这个命令将解压 5.2.0.zip 文件的内容到一个命名为 “phpvirtualbox-5.2-0” 的文件夹中。现在，复制或移动这个文件夹的内容到你的 apache web 服务器的根文件夹中。
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo mv phpvirtualbox-5.2-0/ /var/www/html/phpvirtualbox
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
给 phpvirtualbox 文件夹分配适当的权限。
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo chmod 777 /var/www/html/phpvirtualbox/
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
接下来，我们开始配置 phpVirtualBox。
|
||||
|
||||
像下面这样复制示例配置文件。
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo cp /var/www/html/phpvirtualbox/config.php-example /var/www/html/phpvirtualbox/config.php
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
编辑 phpVirtualBox 的 **config.php** 文件：
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo nano /var/www/html/phpvirtualbox/config.php
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
找到下列行，并且用你的系统用户名和密码去替换它（就是前面的“添加用户到 VirtualBox 组中”节中使用的用户名）。
|
||||
|
||||
在我的案例中，我的 Ubuntu 系统用户名是 **sk** ，它的密码是 **ubuntu**。
|
||||
```
|
||||
var $username = 'sk';
|
||||
var $password = 'ubuntu';
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
![][7]
|
||||
|
||||
保存并关闭这个文件。
|
||||
|
||||
接下来，创建一个名为 **/etc/default/virtualbox** 的新文件：
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo nano /etc/default/virtualbox
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
添加下列行。用你自己的系统用户替换 ‘sk’。
|
||||
```
|
||||
VBOXWEB_USER=sk
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
最后，重引导你的系统或重启下列服务去完成整个配置工作。
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo systemctl restart vboxweb-service
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo systemctl restart vboxdrv
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo systemctl restart apache2
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 调整防火墙允许连接 Apache web 服务器
|
||||
|
||||
如果你在 Ubuntu 18.04 LTS 上启用了 UFW，那么在默认情况下，apache web 服务器是不能被任何远程系统访问的。你必须通过下列的步骤让 http 和 https 流量允许通过 UFW。
|
||||
|
||||
首先，我们使用如下的命令来查看在策略中已经安装了哪些应用：
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo ufw app list
|
||||
Available applications:
|
||||
Apache
|
||||
Apache Full
|
||||
Apache Secure
|
||||
OpenSSH
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
正如你所见，Apache 和 OpenSSH 应该已经在 UFW 的策略文件中安装了。
|
||||
|
||||
如果你在策略中看到的是 **“Apache Full”**，说明它允许流量到达 **80** 和 **443** 端口：
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo ufw app info "Apache Full"
|
||||
Profile: Apache Full
|
||||
Title: Web Server (HTTP,HTTPS)
|
||||
Description: Apache v2 is the next generation of the omnipresent Apache web
|
||||
server.
|
||||
|
||||
Ports:
|
||||
80,443/tcp
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
现在，运行如下的命令去启用这个策略中的 HTTP 和 HTTPS 的入站流量：
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo ufw allow in "Apache Full"
|
||||
Rules updated
|
||||
Rules updated (v6)
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
如果你希望允许 https 流量，但是仅是 http (80) 的流量，运行如下的命令：
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo ufw app info "Apache"
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 访问 phpVirtualBox 的 Web 控制台
|
||||
|
||||
现在，用任意一台远程系统的 web 浏览器来访问。
|
||||
|
||||
在地址栏中，输入：**<http://IP-address-of-virtualbox-headless-server/phpvirtualbox>**。
|
||||
|
||||
在我的案例中，我导航到这个链接 – **<http://192.168.225.22/phpvirtualbox>**
|
||||
|
||||
你将看到如下的屏幕输出。输入 phpVirtualBox 管理员用户凭据。
|
||||
|
||||
phpVirtualBox 的默认管理员用户名和密码是 **admin** / **admin**。
|
||||
|
||||
![][8]
|
||||
|
||||
恭喜！你现在已经进入了 phpVirtualBox 管理面板了。
|
||||
|
||||
![][9]
|
||||
|
||||
现在，你可以从 phpvirtualbox 的管理面板上，开始去创建你的 VM 了。正如我在前面提到的，你可以从同一网络上的任意一台系统上访问 phpVirtualBox 了，而所需要的仅仅是一个 web 浏览器和 phpVirtualBox 的用户名和密码。
|
||||
|
||||
如果在你的宿主机系统（不是访客机）的 BIOS 中没有启用虚拟化支持，phpVirtualBox 将只允许你去创建 32 位的访客系统。要安装 64 位的访客系统，你必须在你的宿主机的 BIOS 中启用虚拟化支持。在你的宿主机的 BIOS 中你可以找到一些类似于 “virtualization” 或 “hypervisor” 字眼的选项，然后确保它是启用的。
|
||||
|
||||
本文到此结束了，希望能帮到你。如果你找到了更有用的指南，共享出来吧。
|
||||
|
||||
还有一大波更好玩的东西即将到来，请继续关注！
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://www.ostechnix.com/install-oracle-virtualbox-ubuntu-16-04-headless-server/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[SK][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972)
|
||||
译者：[qhwdw](https://github.com/qhwdw)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:https://www.ostechnix.com/author/sk/
|
||||
[1]:data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7
|
||||
[2]:http://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Add-VirtualBox-repository.png
|
||||
[3]:http://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/vboxdrv-service.png
|
||||
[4]:https://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/Downloads
|
||||
[5]:http://www.virtualbox.org/manual/ch08.html
|
||||
[6]:https://github.com/phpvirtualbox/phpvirtualbox/releases
|
||||
[7]:http://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/phpvirtualbox-config.png
|
||||
[8]:http://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/phpvirtualbox-1.png
|
||||
[9]:http://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/phpvirtualbox-2.png
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user