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How To Customize Bash Prompt In Linux
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======
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As you know already, **BASH** (the **B** ourne- **A** gain **Sh** ell) is the default shell for most modern Linux distributions. In this guide, we are going to customize BASH prompt and enhance its look by adding some colors and styles. Of course, there are many plugins/tools available to get this job done easily and quickly. However, we still can do some basic customization, such as adding, modifying elements, changing the foreground and background color etc., without having to install any additional tools and plugins. Let us get started!
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### Customize Bash Prompt In Linux
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In BASH, we can customize and change the BASH prompt as the way you want by changing the value of **PS1** environment variable.
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Usually, the BASH prompt will look something like below:
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Here, **sk** is my username and **ubuntuserver** is my hostname.
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Now, we are going to change this prompt as per your liking by inserting some backslash-escaped special characters called **Escape Sequences**.
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Let me show you some examples.
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Before going further, it is highly recommended to backup the **~/.bashrc** file.
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```
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$ cp ~/.bashrc ~/.bashrc.bak
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```
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**Modify “[[email protected]][1]” part in the Bash prompt**
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As I mentioned above, the BASH prompt has “[[email protected]][1]” part by default in most Linux distributions. You can change this part to something else.
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To do so, edit **~/.bashrc **file:
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```
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$ vi ~/.bashrc
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```
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Add the following line at the end:
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```
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PS1="ostechnix> "
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```
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Replace “ostechnix” with any letters/words of your choice. Once added, hit the **ESC** key and type **:wq** to save and exit the file.
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Run the following command to update the changes:
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```
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$ source ~/.bashrc
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```
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Now, the BASH prompt will have the letters “ostechnix” in the shell prompt.
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![][3]
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Here is another example. I am going to replace “[[email protected]][1]” part with “[[email protected]][1]>”.
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To do so, add the following entry in your **~./bashrc** file.
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Don’t forget to update the changes using “source ~./bashrc” command.
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Here is the output of my BASH prompt in Ubuntu 18.04 LTS.
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**Display username only:**
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To display the username only, just add the following line in **~/.bashrc** file.
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```
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export PS1="\u "
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```
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Here, **\u** is the escape sequence.
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Here are some more values to add to your PS1 variable to change the BASH prompt. After adding each entry, you must run “source ~/.bashrc” command to take effect the changes.
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**Add username with hostname:**
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```
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export PS1="\u\h "
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```
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Your prompt will now look like below:
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```
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skubuntuserver
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```
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**Add username and FQDN (Fully Qualified Domain Name):**
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```
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export PS1="\u\H "
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```
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**Add extra characters between username and hostname:**
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If you want to any letter, for example **@** , between the username and hostname, use the following entry:
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```
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export PS1="\u@\h "
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```
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The bash prompt will look like below:
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```
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sk@ubuntuserver
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```
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**Add username with hostname with $ symbol at the end:**
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```
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export PS1="\u@\h\\$ "
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```
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**Add special characters between and after username and hostname:**
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```
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export PS1="\u@\h> "
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```
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This entry will change the BASH prompt as shown below.
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```
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sk@ubuntuserver>
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```
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Similarly, you can add other special characters, such as colon, semi-colon, *, underscore, space etc.
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**Display username, hostname, shell name:**
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```
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export PS1="\u@\h>\s "
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```
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**Display username, hostname, shell and and its version:**
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```
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export PS1="\u@\h>\s\v "
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```
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Bash prompt output:
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![][4]
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Display username, hostname and path to current directory:
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```
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export PS1="\u@\h\w "
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```
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You will see a tilde (~) symbol if the current directory is $HOME.
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**Display date in BASH prompt:**
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To display date with your username and hostname in the BASH prompt, add the following entry in ~/.bashrc file.
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```
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export PS1="\u@\h>\d "
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```
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![][5]
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**Date and time in 12 hour format in BASH prompt:**
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```
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export PS1="\u@\h>\d\@ "
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```
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**Date and 12 hour time hh:mm:ss format:**
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```
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export PS1="\u@\h>\d\T "
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```
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**Date and 24 hour time:**
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```
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export PS1="\u@\h>\d\A "
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```
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**Date and 24 hour hh:mm:ss format:**
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```
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export PS1="\u@\h>\d\t "
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```
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These are some common escape sequences to change the Bash prompt format. There are few more escape sequences are available. You can view them all in in the **bash man page** under the **“PROMPTING”** section.
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And, you can view the current prompt settings at any time using command:
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```
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$ echo $PS1
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```
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**Hide “username@hostname” Part In Bash prompt**
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I don’t want to change anything. Can I hide it altogether? Yes, you can!
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If you’re a blogger or tech writer, there are chances that you have to upload the screenshots of your Linux Terminal in your websites and blogs. Your username/hostname might be too cool, so you may not want others to copy and use them as their own. On the other hand, your username/hostname might be too weird or too bad or contain offensive characters, so you don’t want others to view them. In such cases, this small tip might help you to hide or modify “[[email protected]][1]” part in Terminal.
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If you don’t like to let the users to view your username/hostname part, just follow the steps given below.
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Edit your **“~/.bashrc”** file:
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```
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$ vi ~/.bashrc
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```
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Add the following at the end:
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```
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PS1="\W> "
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```
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Type **:wq** to save and close the file.
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Then, run the following command to take effect the changes.
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```
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$ source ~/.bashrc
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```
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That’s it. Now, check your Terminal. You will not see the [[email protected]][1] part. You will only see the **~ >** symbol.
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![][6]
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Want to know another simplest way without messing the **~/.bashrc** file? Just create another user account something like **[[email protected]][1]** , or **[[email protected]][1]**. Use these accounts for making guides, videos and upload them on your blog or online. Now, you have nothing to worry about your identity.
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**Warning:** This is a bad practice in some cases. For example, if another shells like zsh inherits your current shell, it will cause some problems. Use it only for hiding or modifying your [[email protected]][1] part if you use single shell. Apart from hiding the [[email protected]][1] part in the Terminal, this tip is pretty useless and might be problematic.
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### Colorizing BASH prompt
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What we have seen so far is we just changed/added some elements to the BASH prompt. In this section, we are going to add colors the elements.
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You can enhance the foreground (text) and background color of BASH prompt’s elements by adding some code to the ~/.bashrc file.
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For example, to change the foreground color of all texts to Red, add the following code:
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```
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export PS1="\u@\[\e[31m\]\h\[\e[m\] "
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```
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Once added, update the changes using command:
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Now, your BASH prompt will look like below:
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![][7]
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Similarly, to change the background color, add this code:
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```
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export PS1="\u@\[\e[31;46m\]\h\[\e[m\] "
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```
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![][8]
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### **Adding Emojis**
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Who doesn’t love emoji? We can add an emoji by placing the following code in the ~/.bashrc file.
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```
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PS1="\W 🔥 >"
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```
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Please note that some terminal may not show the emojis properly depending upon the font used. You may see either garbled characters or monochrome emoji if you don’t have suitable fonts.
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### Customizing BASH is bit difficult to me, Is there any other easy way?
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If you’re a newbie, writing and adding PS1 values will be confusing and difficult. Also, you will find it bit difficult to arrange the elements to get the result of your choice. No worries! There is an online Bash PS1 generator available which allows you to easily generate different PS1 values as you wish.
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Go to the following website:
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[][9]
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Just pick the elements you want to use in your BASH prompt. Add the colors to the elements and re-arrange them in any order of your liking. Preview the output instantly and finally copy/paste resulting code in your **~/.bashrc** file. It is that simple! Most of the examples mentioned in this guide are taken from this website.
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### I messed up with my .bashrc file? How to restore it to default settings?
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As I mentioned earlier, it is strongly recommended to take backup ~./bashrc (Or any important configuration files in general) before making any changes. So, you can restore it to the previous working version if something went wrong. However if you forgot to backup the ~/.bashrc file in the first place, you still can restore it to the default settings as described in the following guide.
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[How To Restore .bashrc File To Default Settings][10]
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The above guide is based on Ubuntu, but it may applicable to other Linux distributions as well. Please let us be clear that the aforementioned guide will help you to reset ~/.bashrc to its default settings at the time of new installation. Any changes done afterwards will be lost.
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And, that’s all for now. I will keep updating this guide as I learned more ways to customize the BASH prompt in future.
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Hope this helps. More good stuffs to come. Stay tuned!
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Cheers!
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://www.ostechnix.com/hide-modify-usernamelocalhost-part-terminal/
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作者：[SK][a]
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选题：[lujun9972][b]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://www.ostechnix.com/author/sk/
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[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
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[1]: https://www.ostechnix.com/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection
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[2]: data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7
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[3]: http://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Linux-Terminal-2.png
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[4]: http://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/bash-prompt-2.png
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[5]: http://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/bash-prompt-3.png
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[6]: http://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Linux-Terminal-1.png
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[7]: http://www.ostechnix.com/hide-modify-usernamelocalhost-part-terminal/bash-prompt-4/
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[8]: http://www.ostechnix.com/hide-modify-usernamelocalhost-part-terminal/bash-prompt-5/
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[9]: http://ezprompt.net/
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[10]: https://www.ostechnix.com/restore-bashrc-file-default-settings-ubuntu/
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@ -0,0 +1,290 @@
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在 Linux 上自定义 bash 命令提示符
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======
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众所周知，**bash**（the **B**ourne-**A**gain **Sh**ell）是目前绝大多数 Linux 发行版使用的默认 shell。本文将会介绍如何通过添加颜色和样式来自定义 bash 命令提示符的显示。尽管很多插件或工具都可以很轻易地满足这一需求，但我们也可以不使用插件和工具，自己手动自定义一些基本的显示方式，例如添加或者修改某些元素、更改前景色、更改背景色等等。
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### 在 Linux 中自定义 bash 命令提示符
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在 bash 中，我们可以通过更改 `$PS1` 环境变量的值来自定义 bash 命令提示符。
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一般情况下，bash 命令提示符会是以下这样的形式：
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在上图这种默认显示形式当中，sk 是我的用户名，而 ubuntuserver 是我的主机名。
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只要插入一些以反斜杠开头的特殊转义字符串，就可以按照你的喜好修改命令提示符了。下面我来举几个例子。
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在开始之前，我强烈建议你预先备份 `~/.bashrc` 文件。
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```
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$ cp ~/.bashrc ~/.bashrc.bak
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```
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#### 更改 bash 命令提示符中的 username@hostname 部分
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如上所示，bash 命令提示符一般都带有 username@hostname 部分，这个部分是可以修改的。
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只需要编辑 `~/.bashrc` 文件：
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```
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$ vi ~/.bashrc
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```
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在文件的最后添加一行：
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```
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PS1="ostechnix> "
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```
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将上面的“ostechnix”替换为任意一个你想使用的单词，然后按 `ESC` 并输入 `:wq` 保存、退出文件。
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执行以下命令使刚才的修改生效：
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```
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$ source ~/.bashrc
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```
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你就可以看见 bash 命令提示符中出现刚才添加的“ostechnix”了。
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![][3]
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再来看看另一个例子，比如将 username@hostname 替换为 Hello@welcome>。
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同样是像刚才那样修改 `~/.bashrc` 文件，然后执行 `source ~/.bashrc` 让修改结果立即生效。
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以下是我在 Ubuntu 18.04 LTS 上修改后的效果。
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#### 仅显示用户名
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如果需要仅显示用户名，只需要在 `~/.bashrc` 文件中加入以下这一行。
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|
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```
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export PS1="\u "
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```
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这里的 `\u` 就是一个转义字符串。
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下面提供了一些可以添加到 `$PS1` 环境变量中的用以改变 bash 命令提示符样式的转义字符串。每次修改之后，都需要执行 `source ~/.bashrc` 命令才能立即生效。
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|
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**显示用户名和主机名：**
|
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|
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```
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export PS1="\u\h "
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```
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|
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命令提示符会这样显示：
|
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|
||||
```
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skubuntuserver
|
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```
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|
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**显示用户名和<ruby>完全限定域名<rt>Fully Qualified Domain Name</rt></ruby>（FQDN）**
|
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|
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```
|
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export PS1="\u\H "
|
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```
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|
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**在用户名和主机名之间显示其它字符**
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|
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如果你还需要在用户名和主机名之间显示其它字符（例如 `@`），可以使用以下格式：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
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export PS1="\u@\h "
|
||||
```
|
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|
||||
命令提示符会这样显示：
|
||||
```
|
||||
sk@ubuntuserver
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
**显示用户名、主机名，并在末尾添加符号**
|
||||
```
|
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export PS1="\u@\h\\$ "
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
**综合以上两种显示方式**
|
||||
```
|
||||
export PS1="\u@\h> "
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
命令提示符最终会这样显示：
|
||||
```
|
||||
sk@ubuntuserver>
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
相似地，还可以添加其它特殊字符，例如冒号、分号、星号、下划线、空格等等。
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|
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**显示用户名、主机名、shell 名称**
|
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```
|
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export PS1="\u@\h>\s "
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
**显示用户名、主机名、shell 名称以及 shell 版本**
|
||||
```
|
||||
export PS1="\u@\h>\s\v "
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
bash 命令提示符显示样式：
|
||||
|
||||
![][4]
|
||||
|
||||
**显示用户名、主机名、当前目录**
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
export PS1="\u@\h\w "
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
如果当前目录是 `$HOME` ，会以一个波浪线（`~`）显示。
|
||||
|
||||
**在 bash 命令提示符中显示日期**
|
||||
|
||||
除了用户名和主机名，如果还想在 bash 命令提示符中显示日期，可以在 `~/.bashrc` 文件中添加以下内容：
|
||||
```
|
||||
export PS1="\u@\h>\d "
|
||||
```
|
||||
![][5]
|
||||
|
||||
**在 bash 命令提示符中显示日期及 12 小时制时间**
|
||||
```
|
||||
export PS1="\u@\h>\d\@ "
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
**显示日期及 hh:mm:ss 格式时间**
|
||||
```
|
||||
export PS1="\u@\h>\d\T "
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
**显示日期及 24 小时制时间**
|
||||
```
|
||||
export PS1="\u@\h>\d\A "
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
**显示日期及 24 小时制 hh:mm:ss 格式时间**
|
||||
```
|
||||
export PS1="\u@\h>\d\t "
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
以上是一些常见的可以改变 bash 命令提示符的转义字符串。除此以外的其它转义字符串，可以在 bash 的 man 手册 PROMPTING 章节中查阅。
|
||||
|
||||
你也可以随时执行以下命令查看当前的命令提示符样式。
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ echo $PS1
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### 在 bash 命令提示符中去掉 username@hostname 部分
|
||||
|
||||
如果我不想做任何调整，直接把 username@hostname 部分整个去掉可以吗？答案是肯定的。
|
||||
|
||||
如果你是一个技术方面的博主，你有可能会需要在网站或者博客中上传自己的 Linux 终端截图。或许你的用户名和主机名太拉风、太另类，不想让别人看到，在这种情况下，你就需要隐藏命令提示符中的 username@hostname 部分。
|
||||
|
||||
如果你不想暴露自己的用户名和主机名，只需要按照以下步骤操作。
|
||||
|
||||
编辑 `~/.bashrc` 文件：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ vi ~/.bashrc
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
在文件末尾添加这一行：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
PS1="\W> "
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
输入 `:wq` 保存并关闭文件。
|
||||
|
||||
执行以下命令让修改立即生效。
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ source ~/.bashrc
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
现在看一下你的终端，username@hostname 部分已经消失了，只保留了一个 `~>` 标记。
|
||||
|
||||
![][6]
|
||||
|
||||
如果你想要尽可能简单的操作，又不想弄乱你的 `~/.bashrc` 文件，最好的办法就是在系统中创建另一个用户（例如 user@example、admin@demo）。用带有这样的命令提示符的用户去截图或者录屏，就不需要顾虑自己的用户名或主机名被别人看见了。
|
||||
|
||||
**警告：**在某些情况下，这种做法并不推荐。例如像 zsh 这种 shell 会继承当前 shell 的设置，这个时候可能会出现一些意想不到的问题。这个技巧只用于隐藏命令提示符中的 username@hostname 部分，仅此而已，如果把这个技巧挪作他用，也可能会出现异常。
|
||||
|
||||
### 为 bash 命令提示符着色
|
||||
|
||||
目前我们也只是变更了 bash 命令提示符中的内容，下面介绍一下如何对命令提示符进行着色。
|
||||
|
||||
通过向 `~/.bashrc` 文件写入一些配置，可以修改 bash 命令提示符的前景色（也就是文本的颜色）和背景色。
|
||||
|
||||
例如，下面这一行配置可以令某些文本的颜色变成红色：
|
||||
```
|
||||
export PS1="\u@\[\e[31m\]\h\[\e[m\] "
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
添加配置后，执行 `source ~/.bashrc` 立即生效。
|
||||
|
||||
你的 bash 命令提示符就会变成这样：
|
||||
![][7]
|
||||
|
||||
类似地，可以用这样的配置来改变背景色：
|
||||
```
|
||||
export PS1="\u@\[\e[31;46m\]\h\[\e[m\] "
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
![][8]
|
||||
|
||||
### 添加 emoji
|
||||
|
||||
大家都喜欢 emoji。还可以按照以下配置把 emoji 插入到命令提示符中。
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
PS1="\W 🔥 >"
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
需要注意的是，emoji 的显示取决于使用的字体，因此某些终端可能会无法正常显示 emoji，取而代之的是一些乱码或者单色表情符号。
|
||||
|
||||
### 自定义 bash 命令提示符有点难，有更简单的方法吗？
|
||||
|
||||
如果你是一个新手，编辑 `$PS1` 环境变量的过程可能会有些困难，因为命令提示符中的大量转义字符串可能会让你有点晕头转向。但不要担心，有一个在线的 bash `$PS1` 生成器可以帮助你轻松生成各种 `$PS1` 环境变量值。
|
||||
|
||||
就是这个网站：
|
||||
|
||||
[][9]
|
||||
|
||||
只需要直接选择你想要的 bash 命令提示符样式，添加颜色、设计排序，然后就完成了。你可以预览输出，并将配置代码复制粘贴到 `~/.bashrc` 文件中。就这么简单。顺便一提，本文中大部分的示例都是通过这个网站制作的。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### 我把我的 `~/.bashrc` 文件弄乱了，该如何恢复？
|
||||
|
||||
正如我在上面提到的，强烈建议在更改 `~/.bashrc` 文件前做好备份（在更改其它重要的配置文件之前也一定要记得备份）。这样一旦出现任何问题，你都可以很方便地恢复到更改之前的配置状态。当然，如果你忘记了备份，还可以按照下面这篇文章中介绍的方法恢复为默认配置。
|
||||
|
||||
[如何将 `~/.bashrc` 文件恢复到默认配置][10]
|
||||
|
||||
这篇文章是基于 ubuntu 的，但也适用于其它的 Linux 发行版。不过事先声明，这篇文章的方法会将 `~/.bashrc` 文件恢复到系统最初时的状态，你对这个文件做过的任何修改都将丢失。
|
||||
|
||||
感谢阅读！
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://www.ostechnix.com/hide-modify-usernamelocalhost-part-terminal/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[SK][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[HankChow](https://github.com/HankChow)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://www.ostechnix.com/author/sk/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://www.ostechnix.com/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection
|
||||
[2]: data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7
|
||||
[3]: http://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Linux-Terminal-2.png
|
||||
[4]: http://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/bash-prompt-2.png
|
||||
[5]: http://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/bash-prompt-3.png
|
||||
[6]: http://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/Linux-Terminal-1.png
|
||||
[7]: http://www.ostechnix.com/hide-modify-usernamelocalhost-part-terminal/bash-prompt-4/
|
||||
[8]: http://www.ostechnix.com/hide-modify-usernamelocalhost-part-terminal/bash-prompt-5/
|
||||
[9]: http://ezprompt.net/
|
||||
[10]: https://www.ostechnix.com/restore-bashrc-file-default-settings-ubuntu/
|
||||
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user