diff --git a/sources/news/20140807 Latest Intel Linux Graphics Drivers Now Available on Ubuntu 14.04 LTS.md b/sources/news/20140807 Latest Intel Linux Graphics Drivers Now Available on Ubuntu 14.04 LTS.md index b39fca48cf..1ed09a96d9 100644 --- a/sources/news/20140807 Latest Intel Linux Graphics Drivers Now Available on Ubuntu 14.04 LTS.md +++ b/sources/news/20140807 Latest Intel Linux Graphics Drivers Now Available on Ubuntu 14.04 LTS.md @@ -1,3 +1,4 @@ +linuhap翻译中 Latest Intel Linux Graphics Drivers Now Available on Ubuntu 14.04 LTS ================================================================================ ![Intel Makes it Easy to Install Drivers](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/intel-driver-update-utility-unity.jpg) @@ -36,4 +37,4 @@ via: http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/08/intel-graphics-installer-linux-updated-1 [2]:http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/07/intel-graphics-stack-2014-q2-update [3]:https://download.01.org/gfx/ubuntu/14.04/main/pool/main/i/intel-linux-graphics-installer/intel-linux-graphics-installer_1.0.6-0intel1_i386.deb [4]:https://download.01.org/gfx/ubuntu/14.04/main/pool/main/i/intel-linux-graphics-installer/intel-linux-graphics-installer_1.0.6-0intel1_amd64.deb -[5]:https://01.org/linuxgraphics/downloads/2014/intelr-graphics-installer-1.0.6-linux \ No newline at end of file +[5]:https://01.org/linuxgraphics/downloads/2014/intelr-graphics-installer-1.0.6-linux diff --git a/sources/news/20140811 StuntRally 2.4 Is the Most Advanced Free Racing Game on Linux.md b/sources/news/20140811 StuntRally 2.4 Is the Most Advanced Free Racing Game on Linux.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..9c3475758e --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/news/20140811 StuntRally 2.4 Is the Most Advanced Free Racing Game on Linux.md @@ -0,0 +1,40 @@ +StuntRally 2.4 Is the Most Advanced Free Racing Game on Linux +================================================================================ +![StuntRally](http://i1-news.softpedia-static.com/images/news2/StuntRally-2-4-Is-the-Most-Advance-Free-Racing-Game-on-Linux-454345-2.jpg) +StuntRally + +**StuntRally, a free racing game that features over 150 tracks and lots of cars, has just reached version 2.4 and and it bring numerous updates and new features.** + +The game is built with the help of several technologies, such as Vdrift, bullet, OGRE, PagedGeometry, and MyGUI, just to name a few, but the developers have manged to put together a very complex and interesting racing title. + +The players can play on 147 track and in 26 different scenarios, which totals four hours of drive time. This is quite a lot, if we keep in mind that StuntRally is completely free. + +Other features included in the are ghost drive (chase your best time car on track), track's ghost (best drive for track, a green ghost car ES, on all tracks), replays (save your drive and watch it from other cameras later), numerous tutorial, a few championships, a few challenges, split-screen racing, and multiplayer. + +To top it all off, the developers also implemented a Track Editor that should allow users to edit road points and their parameters in real time, to change all of the track parameters, to tweak the terrain generator, and even to modify elements of the cars while driving. + +According to the changelog, 6 new maps have been added, 12 old levels have been deleted, a number of tracks have been renewed, a couple of new sceneries named Crystals and GreeceWhite have been added, spaceship hovercrafts have been implemented, new sky textures have been added on half of tracks, new static objects on few tracks are now available, and car tab with bars for stats, speed graph, and a short list view has been added. + +Also, fonts are now bigger and they have been resized, sounds for win, loose, lap, best time, and wrong checkpoint resolution have been added, the multiplayer has been repaired and the nick can no longer appear twice, damage from terrain, height fog, fluids has been implemented on a few tracks, the level editor has received a number of improvements, the steering has been improved, and the surfaces in the game's car tweak window have been fixed. + +Users need to remember that the developers only provide the source package for the game and that means that it needs compiling. This might take a little bit longer, but StuntRally is totally worth it. + +More details about this new release of StuntRally can be found in the [announcement][1]. + +Download StuntRally 2.4: + +- [Stunt Rally 2.4 tar.xz][1][binary] [735 MB] + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/StuntRally-2-4-Is-the-Most-Advance-Free-Racing-Game-on-Linux-454345.shtml + +作者：[Silviu Stahie][a] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]:http://news.softpedia.com/editors/browse/silviu-stahie +[1]:https://code.google.com/p/vdrift-ogre/wiki/VersionHistory +[2]:http://sourceforge.net/projects/stuntrally/files/2.4/StuntRally-2.4-linux64.tar.xz/download \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sources/talk/20140808 When Linux Was Perfect Enough.md b/sources/talk/20140808 When Linux Was Perfect Enough.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..cc959e7768 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/talk/20140808 When Linux Was Perfect Enough.md @@ -0,0 +1,67 @@ +When Linux Was Perfect Enough +================================================================================ +The other day my colleague, friend and sometimes partner-in-crime, Ken Starks, published [an article][1] here on FOSS Force on one of his favorite gripes: things that don’t work right in Linux. This time he was complaining about a font issue in Mint when using KDE. This is nothing new from Ken. In the past he’s written other articles about broken aspects of various Linux distros that never seem to get fixed. It’s his contention that these “small” bugs, which remain unfixed release after release after release, are largely responsible for desktop Linux’s failure to take hold with the general public. + +### He might be right. ### + +For Christmas I bought my roommate a new second generation Nexus 7 tablet running Android, an OS built around the Linux kernel. It “just worked,” out of the box, with no tweaking necessary. During the last seven months she’s used it for hours daily. As far as I know, she’s found no glitches that require fixing. I’m reasonably certain I’d know if she did, since the main reason I gave her the Nexus to begin with was because I had tired of trying to keep her Windows laptop running to her satisfaction. She has no trouble telling me when her computer goes kaput, and she always wants it fixed right now. Facebook waits for no one, you know. + +I point this out because Linux has all but taken over the tablet and phone end of the computing spectrum. Apple makes plenty of money with the iPhone and iPad, but that’s due to their high prices. In market share, they lag far behind Android devices. And Microsoft has proven that Windows isn’t the unbeatable giant it was once thought to be. Even with massive money spent on television ads and conspicuous product placement in nearly every scripted drama on CBS, mobile devices running Windows remain a mere asterisk when looking at market share. + +In other words, Linux is winning the mobile war because Google makes certain that Android “just works” out of the box. + +Today’s average computer users (I loath the word “consumers”) want to get things done on their computers without having to delve under the hood to fix things. This is understandable and isn’t unlike the average automobile owners, who just want to drive their cars without knowing or caring how it works. Just as most drivers take their car to the shop for repair to solve mechanical and computer related issues, most computer users take their devices to the shop with no concern about whether the problem is hardware or software related. They just want the damn thing to work. + +### It wasn’t always this way. ### + +Back in 2002 I installed GNU/Linux for the first time. At that time, like most Americans, I was tethered to a dial-up connection, with broadband not yet being available in my part of the boondocks. I spent seventy bucks or so for a shrink wrapped Powerpack edition of Mandrake 9.0 at a local Best Buy store, which in those days sold both Mandrake and Red Hat, which was still in the desktop business. + +During that age of the dinosaur, Mandrake was considered to be the cat’s meow of easy-to-use Linux distributions. It installed easily, some said easier than Windows, and its partitioning tool made cutting up a disk easier than slicing a piece of mincemeat pie. Indeed, Linux old-timers sometimes openly laughed at Mandrake, insinuating that ease-of-use somehow made Linux less Linux. + +But I loved it and found it to be a whole new world. Gone was the blue screen of death and the nearly daily crashes that were business as usual with Windows. Unfortunately, also gone were a lot of peripherals that had “just worked” in Windows. + +The first thing I had to do after installing Mandrake was to take my white box to Michelle at [Dragonware Computers][2] and have the cheap winmodem swapped out for a hardware modem. Granted, a hardware modem means a more responsive computer, but with the computer store forty miles away, this was a bit of an inconvenience and an expense I could little afford. + +But I didn’t mind. I was free of Microsoft –- and using a “different” operating system made me feel as if I was some sort of computing genus. + +Printers were also a problem, but not as much a problem with Mandrake as with most other distros which required command line work to install. Mandrake offered up a snazzy graphical interface for configuring printers – if you were lucky enough to have a printer that would work in Linux at all. Many, if not most, wouldn’t. + +My still under warranty Lexmark, which in Windows had more whistles and bells than any printer needs, wasn’t supported by the manufacturer, but I was able to find an open source, backwards engineered driver that kinda, sorta worked. It worked fine for printing web pages from the Mozilla browser, but printed Star Office pages in tiny fonts that were crammed up into the upper right corner of the page. The printer also made some very loud mechanical clunking noises which reminded me of the noise a car transmission makes just before it dies. + +The workaround for the Star Office problem was to save everything as a text file and print from a text editor. For the noise that indicated the printer was in self-destruct mode? Try to avoid printing as much as possible was my solution. + +### Other problems abounded – too many for me to remember. ### + +One problem I do remember is that I couldn’t get the sound card to work out of the box, although Mandrake’s interface showed the sound card detected and installed. After days of digging through the forums with no luck, someone finally suggested I might have a problem with permissions. I looked and, lo and behold!, he was right. Mandrake had installed the sound card with permissions which wouldn’t let it work in a user account, yet another one of those things that should have been fixed before the distro was released, as Ken would point-out. Especially in a distro being sold in a shrink wrapped box for seventy dollars a pop – which was considerably more money in 2002 than it is now. + +Oh yes, and I still have a parallel port scanner that I bought new about two weeks before my move to Linux which has been nothing but a brick since, as there’s still no Linux driver for it. + +My point is that back in those days none of this mattered. Most of us were already used to having to fiddle with configuration files and such, even when using “IBM compatible” computers running Microsoft products. Like most users in those days, I’d cut my teeth on command line DOS machines, where printers had to be configured separately for each and every program and where the ability to write a succinct autoexec.bat file was a necessity. + +![Linux as a 1966 “goat.”](http://fossforce.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/Pontiac_GTO_1966-300x224.jpg) +Linux as a 1966 “goat.” + +Tinkering with the inner workings of the operating system was simply part of owning a computer. Most of us using computers back then were either geeks or wanna be geeks. We were proud of our ability to tinker and get our machines working just like we wanted. We were the high tech version of the good ol’ boys from an earlier age, who spent their Saturday afternoons under a shade tree modifying their muscle cars with headers, breathers, trick carburetors and the like. + +### And that’s mostly not who’s using computers today. ### + +Today’s computer user just wants the computer to work, without problems, out of the box. They don’t want to have to figure out why Hulu or Netflix doesn’t work or why their fonts display properly in some applications and not in others. They don’t want to hear, “oh, that’s just an easily fixed small bug” after a Linux install any more than they want to hear that an ignition switch that stalls their new Chevy in heavy traffic is “only a glitch which we’ll fix one day.” + +These days, that includes me. While I’m happy I have enough skills to usually fix a bug that made it past the developers at Mint or Fedora, I’d just as soon not have to deal with it. I have work to get done. And when I’m not working, I want to be wasting time with my friends on Facebook, not getting aggravated with my computer. + +To be sure, Linux has changed with the times. In recent years you can pretty much be sure that when you install a major Linux distro on a laptop, Wi-Fi will work out of the box. Also, most of the time all you have to do is plug a new printer into a USB port and, presto!, it’s already up and running. But there are still way too many little niggling problems that need to get fixed – stuff that should have been fixed long ago. + +Maybe if Ken keeps complaining enough… + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://fossforce.com/2014/08/when-linux-was-perfect-enough/ + +作者：Christine Hall +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[1]:http://fossforce.com/2014/07/ripe-linux-nits-to-pick/ +[2]:http://www.dragonware.com/ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sources/talk/20140811 10 More Tweaks To Make Ubuntu Feel Like Home.md b/sources/talk/20140811 10 More Tweaks To Make Ubuntu Feel Like Home.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..2751320347 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/talk/20140811 10 More Tweaks To Make Ubuntu Feel Like Home.md @@ -0,0 +1,126 @@ +10 More Tweaks To Make Ubuntu Feel Like Home +================================================================================ +![](http://main.makeuseoflimited.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/08/ubuntu-home-840x420.jpg?15f1a2) + +Not too long ago [we gave you 12 tips on how to tweak your Ubuntu installation][1]. However, it’s been a little while since then, and we’ve come up with another 10 things you can do to make Ubuntu feel even more like home. + +These 10 tips are quick and simple to do, so let’s get started! + +### Install TLP ### + +![](http://main.makeuseoflimited.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/01/tlp_stat.jpg?15f1a2) + +[We covered TLP a while back][2], which is a piece of software that can optimize your power settings so that you can enjoy a longer battery life. We talked about TLP in depth before, and it’s a good item to mention in this list as well. To install it, run the following command in a terminal: + + sudo add-apt-repository -y ppa:linrunner/tlp && sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install -y tlp tlp-rdw tp-smapi-dkms acpi-call-tools && sudo tlp start + +This will add the necessary repository, update the package lists so that it includes the new packages provided by the new repository, installs TLP, and starts the service. + +### System Load Indicator ### + +![](http://main.makeuseoflimited.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/ubuntu_tweak_systemload.jpg?15f1a2) + +Adding a system load indicator to your Ubuntu desktop can give you an idea of how much of your system’s resources are being used at a quick glance. You don’t have to add this if you’d rather not have technical graphs on your desktop, but it’s a good addition for those who are interested in something like this. You can install it by running the terminal command: + + sudo apt-get install indicator-multiload + +Then, find it in the Dash and launch it. + +### Weather Indicator ### + +![](http://main.makeuseoflimited.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/ubuntu_tweak_weatherind.jpg?15f1a2) + +Ubuntu used to offer a built-in weather indicator, but since it switched to Gnome 3 as the backbone, this hasn’t been included by default. Instead, you’ll need to install a separate indicator. You can install it by running the command: + + sudo add-apt-repository -y ppa:atareao/atareao && sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install -y my-weather-indicator + +This will add another repository, update the package lists, and install the indicator. Then, find it in the Dash and launch it. + +### Install Dropbox or Other Cloud Storage Solution ### + +![](http://main.makeuseoflimited.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Dropbox-2.png?15f1a2) + +One of the things that I have to install on all my Linux systems is Dropbox. Without it, it just really doesn’t feel like home, mainly because all of my most-used files are stored on Dropbox. Installing Dropbox is pretty straightforward, but it takes a bit more than just a simple command. Before you even start, you need to run this command to be able to see the Dropbox icon in the icon tray: + + sudo apt-get install libappindicator1 + +Then you need to head to Dropbox’s download page and install the .deb file that you download. You should now have Dropbox going. + +If you’re a bit tired of Dropbox, you can also try using Copy [or even OneDrive][3]. Both services offer more storage for free, which is a big reason to consider using them. I recommend Copy more than OneDrive because Copy can work on all Linux distros. + +### Install Pidgin and Skype ### + +![](http://main.makeuseoflimited.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/skype_linux_conversation.jpg?15f1a2) + +It’s great to stay connected with friends, and if you use instant messaging, you’re in luck. Pidgin and Skype are both pretty good on Linux, and they are able to connect to all the major networks. Installing Pidgin is as easy as running the command + + sudo apt-get install pidgin + +Installing Skype is also easy — you just need to head to Skype’s download page and get the .deb file under Ubuntu 12.04 multiarch. + +### Remove Keyboard Indicator ### + +![](http://main.makeuseoflimited.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/ubuntu_tweak_keyboard_indicator.jpg?15f1a2) + +Having the keyboard indicator appear on the desktop can be annoying for some. For English speakers, it just shows “EN”, and it’s potentially annoying because a lot of people don’t have a need to change keyboard layouts or be reminded that they are speaking English. To remove the indicator, choose System Settings, then Text Entry, and then uncheck “Show current input source in the menu bar”. + +### Bring Back Classic Menu ### + +![](http://main.makeuseoflimited.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/ubuntu_tweak_classicmenu.jpg?15f1a2) + +Before Ubuntu made the switch to Unity, it had used Gnome 2 as the default desktop environment. This included a simple menu for accessing your installed applications, which had categories such as Games, Office, Internet, and more. You can get this “classic menu” back with another simple package. To install, run the command: + + sudo add-apt-repository -y ppa:diesch/testing && sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install -y classicmenu-indicator + +### Install Flash and Java ### + +While in the previous tips article I mentioned installing codecs and Silverlight, I should have probably included Flash and Java as they are also major plugins that people need, although sometimes they can be forgotten about. To install both of them, run the command: + + sudo add-apt-repository -y ppa:webupd8team/java && sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install oracle-java7-installer flashplugin-installer + +The additional repository is needed for installing Java because Ubuntu no longer includes the proprietary version (which most people recommend for best functionality), but rather just the open source OpenJDK implementation. + +### Install VLC ### + +![](http://main.makeuseoflimited.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/ubuntu_tweaks_vlc.jpg?15f1a2) + +The default media player, Totem, is pretty good but it relies on separately-installed codecs to work properly. I’d personally recommend you install the VLC media player, as it includes all codecs and supports virtually every media format under the sun. To install it, just run the command + + sudo apt-get install vlc + +### Install PuTTY (Or Not) ### + +![](http://main.makeuseoflimited.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/ubuntu_tweaks_putty.jpg?15f1a2) + +Lastly, if you’ve used PuTTY for all of your SSH needs, you have two options: install PuTTY for Linux, or just use the terminal directly. Installing PuTTY can be done with the command + + sudo apt-get install putty + +if you want to install it using the terminal. However, there’s no direct need to install it, because you can connect to any remote host with the command + + ssh username@this.domain.here + +where you replace “username” with the username you’d like to connect as, and replace “this.domain.here” with the host’s actual domain name or IP address — both work. + +### What Are Your Recommended Tweaks? ### + +With these additional 10 tweaks, you should feel right at home in your Ubuntu installation, which can easily make or break your Linux experience. There are so many different ways to customize your experience to make it suit your needs; you just have to look around for yourself to see what you want. + +**What other tweaks and recommendations can you share with readers?** Let us know in the comments! + +*Image Credits: Home doormat Via Shutterstock* + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://www.makeuseof.com/tag/10-tweaks-make-ubuntu-feel-like-home/ + +作者：[Danny Stieben][a] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]:http://www.makeuseof.com/tag/author/danny/ +[1]:http://www.makeuseof.com/tag/11-tweaks-perform-ubuntu-installation/ +[2]:http://www.makeuseof.com/tag/easily-increase-battery-life-tlp-linux/ +[3]:http://www.makeuseof.com/tag/synchronize-files-ubuntu-onedrive/ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sources/talk/20140811 How to Achieve Better Security With Proper Management of Open Source.md b/sources/talk/20140811 How to Achieve Better Security With Proper Management of Open Source.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..beec684fa3 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/talk/20140811 How to Achieve Better Security With Proper Management of Open Source.md @@ -0,0 +1,66 @@ +How to Achieve Better Security With Proper Management of Open Source +================================================================================ +![Bill Ledingham is the Chief Technology Officer (CTO) and Executive Vice President of Engineering at Black Duck Software.](http://www.linux.com/images/stories/41373/Bill-Ledingham.jpg) +Bill Ledingham is the Chief Technology Officer (CTO) and Executive Vice President of Engineering at Black Duck Software. + +Companies increasingly understand that the key to developing innovative software faster and better than the competition is through the use of open source software (OSS). It’s nearly impossible to use only commercially sourced code and get your software to market with the speed and cost constraints required by today’s product life cycles. Without the ability to choose and integrate best-of-breed OSS, some of the greatest product ideas might never see the light of day. + +With the use of open source, however, comes a different set of challenges. While your teams can gain speed and agility, it’s often more difficult to ascertain the code’s true origin and assure that it is secure. + +As the OpenSSL Heartbleed vulnerability proved, not knowing what code is in your application or finished product can potentially create critical security threats that require time-consuming remediation efforts. Conversely, having an accurate inventory of what OSS components and versions are used and where can prove invaluable for quickly responding to and remediating vulnerabilities. + +### It’s What’s Inside That Counts ### + +The Heartbleed bug reminded developers and companies just how important security is. While there has been widespread debate over whether proprietary or open source software is more secure, the issue is largely moot. The reality is that code defects exist in most pieces of software, regardless of origin, and some affect security. + +Security challenges can become even more complex when open source is integrated with internal, proprietary code. In addition to the obvious risk of not properly managing license compliance, tracking code origins and use throughout an organization can become very difficult, very quickly. + +To have a truly accurate understanding of your potential vulnerabilities, you need to understand three things: + +1. What code is in your current products and applications? +1. What code is being used in the front end of the development process and where are developers acquiring these components? +1. What components are being used at the back end of the process and where does code need to be validated before it is deployed? + +### Assessing the Situation ### + +All companies should check their code against common vulnerability databases, such as the United States National Institute of Standards and Technology’s [National Vulnerability Database][1] (NVD). Resources like the NVD track security vulnerabilities and provide severity rankings to help companies keep their code secure and up to date. + +If you’ve never reviewed your code against a vulnerability database, it may seem like a daunting task. Fortunately, there are [tools][2] that leverage these databases to regularly and automatically identify all open source security vulnerabilities, alerting and tracking where affected components are in use and in need of remediation. + +Continuously monitoring your codebase helps guarantee that unknown code is identified, code origin is understood, license information is up to date and future security vulnerabilities are quickly flagged for resolution. If your company has an accurate code inventory in place, you can easily find vulnerable code and remediate it to ensure your business – and your customers – remain secure. + +### Preventing Future Problems ### + +Most developers are attracted to OSS because it’s easy to access and free to acquire, usually allowing them to forgo a formal procurement process. Yet, while many development organizations have policies or guidelines for open source use, they are not always enforced and often not properly tracked. It’s important to track what code is coming into your organization, whether it’s been approved for use and where it’s used throughout your organization. + +Once you know what you have, you need to establish governance. By implementing a management framework throughout the development process, you can ensure accurate descriptions of the code are captured and eliminate questions as to what code is where and whether it’s up to date. Manually managing this process is nearly impossible, which is why best-in-class companies actively manage their use of open source through automated code management and audit solutions. + +Although every company and development team is different, the following processes have been proven to help organizations of all sizes manage and secure their use of OSS: + +- **Automate Approvals and Cataloging** – Capture and track all relevant attributes of OSS components, assess license compliance and review possible security vulnerabilities through automated scanning, approval and inventory processes. +- +- **Maintain Updated Code Versions** – Assess code quality and make sure your product is built using the most updated versions of the code. +- +- **Verify Code** – Evaluate all OSS in use; audit code for security, license, or export risk and remediate any issues. +- +- **Ensure Compliance** – Create and implement an open source policy, establish an automated compliance process to ensure open source policies, regulations, legal obligations, etc., are followed across the organization. + +### Active Management is Key ### + +As the use of software across industries proliferates, open source will continue to play a crucial role in developing the newest innovations. To prevent security vulnerabilities in this increasingly complex environment, companies must actively manage the flow of open source throughout their organization and establish processes to regularly check their code against vulnerability databases for fast and easy remediation. + +*Bill Ledingham is the Chief Technology Officer (CTO) and Executive Vice President of Engineering at Black Duck Software. Previously, Bill was CTO of Verdasys, a leader in information and cyber security, where he worked closely with leading Global 2000 companies and government organizations to safeguard their most sensitive information. Bill has been on the founding team of four companies, is active in the Boston start-up community, and has been a partner/investor with CommonAngels for the past 6 years.* + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://www.linux.com/news/software/applications/782953-how-to-achieve-better-security-by-proper-management-of-open-source + +作者：[Bill Ledingham][a] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]:http://www.linux.com/community/forums/person/59656 +[1]:http://nvd.nist.gov/ +[2]:http://www.blackducksoftware.com/oss-logistics/secure \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sources/tech/20140808 How to set up a Samba file server to use with Windows clients.md b/sources/tech/20140808 How to set up a Samba file server to use with Windows clients.md deleted file mode 100644 index 12312384cf..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/20140808 How to set up a Samba file server to use with Windows clients.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,158 +0,0 @@ -How to set up a Samba file server to use with Windows clients -================================================================================ -According to the [Samba][1] project web site, Samba is an open source/free software suite that provides seamless file and print services to SMB/CIFS clients. Unlike other implementations of the SMB/CIFS networking protocol (such as LM Server for HP-UX, LAN Server for OS/2, or VisionFS), Samba (along with its source code) is freely available (at no cost to the end user), and allows for interoperability between Linux/Unix servers and Windows/Unix/Linux clients. - -For these reasons, Samba is the preferred solution for a file server in networks where different operating systems (other than Linux) coexist - the most common setup being the case of multiple Microsoft Windows clients accessing a Linux server where Samba is installed, which is the situation we are going to deal with in this article. - -Please note that on the other hand, if our network consists of only Unix-based clients (such as Linux, AIX, or Solaris, to name a few examples), we can consider using NFS (although Samba is still an option in this case), which has greater reported speeds. - -### Installing Samba in Debian and CentOS ### - -Before we proceed with the installation, we can use our operating system's package management system to look for information about Samba: - -On Debian: - - # aptitude show samba - -On CentOS: - - # yum info samba - -In the following screenshot we can see the output of 'aptitude show samba' ('yum info samba' yields similar results): - -![](https://farm4.staticflickr.com/3868/14837993244_0fa525eb35_z.jpg) - -Now let's install Samba (the screenshot below corresponds to the installation on a Debian 7 [Wheezy] server): - -On Debian: - - # aptitude install samba - -On CentOS: - - # yum install samba - -### Adding Users to Samba ### - -For versions earlier than 4.x, a local Unix account is required for adding users to Samba: - - # adduser - -![](https://farm6.staticflickr.com/5574/14837266181_fed68bddf2_o.png) - -Next, we need to add the user to Samba using the smbpasswd command with the '-a' option, which specifies that the username following should be added to the local smbpasswd file. We will be prompted to enter a password (which does not necessarily have to be the same as the password of the local Unix account): - - # smbpassword -a - -![](https://farm6.staticflickr.com/5555/14653711099_578f8613ca.jpg) - -Finally, we will give access to user xmodulo to a directory within our system that will be used as a Samba share for him (and other users as well, if needed). This is done by opening the /etc/samba/smb.conf file with a text editor (such as Vim), navigating to the end of the file, and creating a section (enclose name between square brackets) with a descriptive name, such as [xmodulo]: - - # SAMBA SHARE - [xmodulo] - path = /home/xmodulo - available = yes - valid users = xmodulo - read only = no - browseable = yes - public = yes - writeable = yes - -We must now restart Samba and -just in case- check the smb.conf file for syntax errors with the testparm command: - - # service samba restart - # testparm - -![](https://farm6.staticflickr.com/5589/14653655390_becb4f4981_z.jpg) - -If there are any errors, they will be reported when testparm ends. - -### Mapping the Samba Share as a Network Drive on a Windows 7 PC ### - -Right click on Computer, and select "Map network drive": - -![](https://farm6.staticflickr.com/5571/14837993154_981b73ea92.jpg) - -Type the IP address of the machine where Samba is installed, followed by the name of the share (this is the name that is enclosed between single brackets in the smb.conf file), and make sure that the "Connect using different credentials" checkbox is checked: - -![](https://farm4.staticflickr.com/3881/14839997172_d67ec98933_o.png) - -nter the username and password that were set with '**smbpasswd -a**' earlier: - -![](https://farm6.staticflickr.com/5563/14653711029_ddfea53bd6_o.png) - -Go to Computer and check if the network drive has been added correctly: - -![](https://farm6.staticflickr.com/5584/14837993124_c664728039_o.png) - -As a test, let's create a pdf file from the man page of Samba, and save it in the /home/xmodulo directory: - -![](https://farm6.staticflickr.com/5593/14860219723_e8380f0d0f_o.png) - -Next, we can verify that the file is accessible from Windows: - -![](https://farm4.staticflickr.com/3869/14817386696_74a12dfdcd_o.png) - -And we can open it using our default pdf reader: - -![](https://farm6.staticflickr.com/5584/14653655350_8a243b1493_z.jpg) - -Finally, let's see if we can save a file from Windows in our newly mapped network drive. We will open the change.log file that lists the features of Notepad++: - -![](https://farm6.staticflickr.com/5565/14817386676_18c1d7bc60_o.png) - -and try to save it in Z:\ as a plain text file (.txt extension); then let's see if the file is visible in Linux: - -![](https://farm4.staticflickr.com/3841/14817386656_fb09a95a65_o.png) - -### Enabling quotas ### - -As a first step, we need to verify whether the current kernel has been compiled with quota support: - - # cat /boot/config-$(uname -r) | grep - -![](https://farm4.staticflickr.com/3867/14837993054_081dc9b0dc_z.jpg) - -Each file system has up to five types of quota limits that can be enforced on it: user soft limit, user hard limit, group soft limit, group hard limit, and grace time. - -We will now enable quotas for the /home file system by adding the usrquota and grpquota mount options to the existing defaults option in the line that corresponds to the /home filesystem in the /etc/fstab file, and we will remount the file system in order to apply the changes: - -![](https://farm6.staticflickr.com/5561/14653806067_b8b0dc2333_z.jpg) - -Next, we need to create two files that will serve as the databases for user and group quotas: **aquota.user** and **aquota.group**, respectively, in **/home**. Then, we will generate the table of current disk usage per file system with quotas enabled: - - # quotacheck -cug /home - # quotacheck -avugm - -![](https://farm6.staticflickr.com/5584/14837265971_654e8f3bc0_o.png) - - # quota -u - # quota -g - -![](https://farm6.staticflickr.com/5582/14653735848_8de88d69c4_o.png) - -Finally, the last couple of steps consist of assigning the quotas per user and / or group with the quotatool command (note that this task can also be performed by using edquota, but quotatool is more straightforward and less error-prone). - -To set the soft limits to 4 MB and the hard limit to 5 MB for the user called xmodulo, and 10 MB / 15 MB for the xmodulo group: - - # quotatool -u xmodulo -bq 4M -l '5 Mb' /home - # quotatool -g xmodulo -bq 10M -l '15 Mb' /home - -![](https://farm4.staticflickr.com/3888/14653806037_5438b5034e_z.jpg) - -And we can see the results in Windows 7 (3.98 MB free of 4.00 MB): - -![](https://farm4.staticflickr.com/3919/14653805967_c2b1551869_o.png) - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: http://xmodulo.com/2014/08/samba-file-server-windows-clients.html - -作者：[Gabriel Cánepa][a] -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[a]:http://xmodulo.com/author/gabriel -[1]:http://www.samba.org/ \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sources/tech/20140811 Disable or Password Protect Single User Mode or RHEL ro CentOS ro 5.x ro 6.x.md b/sources/tech/20140811 Disable or Password Protect Single User Mode or RHEL ro CentOS ro 5.x ro 6.x.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d734eeb709 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20140811 Disable or Password Protect Single User Mode or RHEL ro CentOS ro 5.x ro 6.x.md @@ -0,0 +1,68 @@ +Disable / Password Protect Single User Mode / RHEL / CentOS / 5.x / 6.x +================================================================================ +Hello All, + +If you have not protected Single User Mode with Password then it is big risk for your Linux Server, So protecting Single User Mode with Password is very important when it comes to security, + +Today in this article i will show you how you can protect Single User Mode with Password on RHEL / CentOS 5.x and RHEL / CentOS 6.x. + +Please execute given commands carefully else your system will not boot properly. First i would request you to read full procedure and then try to follow. Do it at your own risk :-) + +![Password Protect](http://www.tejasbarot.com/wp-content/uploads//password-300x140.jpg) +Password Protect + +### 1. For RHEL / CentOS 5.x ### + +#### 1.1 Before doing anything please take backup of your /etc/inittab #### + + cp /etc/inittab /etc/inittab.backup + +**To Disable and Make Single User Mode Password Protected, Execute below command as root :-** + + [root@tejas-barot-linux ~]$ sed -i '1i su:S:wait:/sbin/sulogin' + +**So It will look like below** + + su:S:wait:/sbin/sulogin + # Default runlevel. The runlevels used by RHS are: + # 0 - halt (Do NOT set initdefault to this) + # 1 - Single user mode + # 2 - Multiuser, without NFS (The same as 3, if you do not have networking) + # 3 - Full multiuser mode + # 4 - unused + # 5 - X11 + # 6 - reboot (Do NOT set initdefault to this) + # + id:3:initdefault: + +*NOTE: If you do not want to use sed command then You can always add “su:S:wait:/sbin/sulogin” at top in /etc/inittab* + +### 2. For RHEL / CentOS 6.x ### + +#### 2.1 Before doing anything please take backup of your /etc/inittab #### + + cp /etc/sysconfig/init /etc/sysconfig/init.backup + +#### 2.2 To Disable and Make Single User Mode Password Protected, Execute below command as root :- #### + + [root@tejas-barot-linux ~]$#sed -i 's/SINGLE=\/sbin\/sushell/SINGLE=\/sbin\/sulogin/' /etc/sysconfig/init + +**So It will look like below** + + SINGLE=/sbin/sulogin + +*NOTE :- If you do not want to use sed command then You can always change to “SINGLE=/sbin/sulogin” in /etc/sysconfig/init* + +Enjoy Linux :) Enjoy Open Source + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://www.tejasbarot.com/2014/05/05/disable-password-protect-single-user-mode-rhel-centos-5-x-6-x/#axzz39oGCBRuX + +作者：[Tejas Barot][a] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]:https://plus.google.com/+TejasBarot \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sources/tech/20140811 Echo Command with Practical Examples.md b/sources/tech/20140811 Echo Command with Practical Examples.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..bc91bf5188 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20140811 Echo Command with Practical Examples.md @@ -0,0 +1,128 @@ +Echo Command with Practical Examples +================================================================================ +echo command is built in **shell command** , which is used to display the value of a **variable** or **print a line of text**. + +Echo command plays a important role in building a shell script. + +### Synatx : ### + + # echo [Options] [String] + +The items in square brackets are optional. A string can be defined as finite sequence of characters (like letters, numerals, symbols punctuation marks). + +When echo command is used without any options or strings, echo returns a blank line on the display screen followed by the command prompt on the subsequent line. This is because pressing the ENTER key is a signal to the system to start a new line, and thus echo repeats this signal. + +### Options : ### + + +- -n do not output the trailing newline +- -e enable interpretation of backslash escapes +- -E disable interpretation of backslash escapes (default) + +If -e is in effect, the following sequences are recognized: + +- \\ backslash +- \a alert (BEL) +- \b backspace +- \c produce no further output +- \e escape +- \f form feed +- \n new line +- \r carriage return +- \t horizontal tab +- \v vertical tab +- \0NNN byte with octal value NNN (1 to 3 digits) +- \xHH byte with hexadecimal value HH (1 to 2 digits) + +### Example :1 Display the value of System Defined Variables ### + +Using the set command , we can list the system define variables and to print the vaule of these variables we can use echo command : + + jack@localhost:~$ echo $USER + jack + jack@localhost:~$ echo $HOME + /home/jack + +### Example:2 Display the value of User defined Variables : ### + + jack@nextstep4it:~$ var1=`date` + jack@nextstep4it:~$ echo "Today's date time is : $var1" + Today's date time is : Mon Jul 28 13:11:37 IST 2014 + +### Example:3 Display the text String ### + + jack@nextstep4it:~$ echo " Hi this echo command testing" + Hi this echo command testing + +### Example:4 Use of backspace in echo command ### + + jack@nextstep4it:~$ echo -e "Ubuntu \bis \bthe \bbest \bDesktop \bOS" + +Above Command will Print : +UbuntuisthebestDesktopOS + +### Example:5 Use of tab space in echo command ### + + nextstep4it@nextstep4it:~$ echo -e "Ubuntu \tis \tthe \tbest \tDesktop \tOS" + +Above command will show below output : + +Ubuntu is the best Desktop OS + +### Example:6 Use of Vertical tab in echo Command ### + + jack@nextstep4it:~$ echo -e "Ubuntu \vis \vthe \vbest \vDesktop \vOS" + Ubuntu + is + the + best + Desktop + OS + +### Example:7 Colored output of echo command ### + +echo command can change the font style, background color of fonts and font colors. Escape sequence \033 can be used to alter font properties. -e option has to be used in order to the escape sequence be in effect. Some of escape codes are listed below : + +- [0m: Normal +- [1m: Bold fonts +- [2m: Font color changes to Purple +- [4m: Underlined fonts +- [7m: Invert foreground and background colors +- [8m: Invisible fonts +- [9m: Cross lined fonts +- [30m: Font color changes to Grey +- [31m: Font color changes to Red +- [32m: Font color changes to Green +- [33m: Font color changes to Brown +- [34m: Font color changes to Blue +- [35m: Font color changes to Violet +- [36m: Font color changes to Sky Blue +- [37m: Font color changes to Light Grey +- [38m: Font color changes to Black +- [40m: Background color changes to Black +- [41m: Background color changes to Red +- [42m: Background color changes to Green +- [43m: Background color changes to Brown +- [44m: Background color changes to Blue +- [45m: Background color changes to Violet +- [46m: Background color changes to Sky Blue +- [47m: Background color changes to Light Grey + +Below command will print the output in red color. + + jack@nextstep4it:~$ echo -e "\033[31mMagic of Linux\033[0m" + Magic of Linux + +Below Command will print “Magic of Linux” in bold style and red background color. + + nextstep4it@nextstep4it:~$ echo -e "\033[1m\033[41mMagic of Linux\033[0m" + Magic of Linux + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://www.nextstep4it.com/categories/unix-command/echo-command/ + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/sources/tech/20140811 Linux FAQs with Answers--How to check the last time system was rebooted on Linux.md b/sources/tech/20140811 Linux FAQs with Answers--How to check the last time system was rebooted on Linux.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..1d5580c350 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20140811 Linux FAQs with Answers--How to check the last time system was rebooted on Linux.md @@ -0,0 +1,38 @@ +Linux FAQs with Answers--How to check the last time system was rebooted on Linux +================================================================================ +> **Question**: Is there a way to quickly check how long a Linux system has been running? That is, how can I find out the last time a Linux system was rebooted? + +There are several ways to find out the last system reboot time, + +### Method One ### + +The first method is to use last command. + + $ last reboot + +![](https://farm4.staticflickr.com/3925/14881994335_041e9c2f86_z.jpg) + +This command actually shows system uptime for the last few days. Originally the last command is designed to show login history of a particular user. In Linux, a special "pseudo user" named reboot automatically logs in to the system right after the system has rebooted. Thus by checking the login history of reboot user, you can check the last reboot time. + +### Method Two ### + +Another command to check the time of last system boot is to use who command with '-b' option. + + $ who -b + +### Method Three ### + +You can also use uptime command to deduce last reboot time. The uptime command shows you the current time, as well as how long the system has been running. From this information, you can calculate the time when the system was last booted. + + $ uptime + +![](https://farm4.staticflickr.com/3915/14881660192_58f2843969_o.png) + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://ask.xmodulo.com/check-last-time-system-rebooted-linux.html + +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/translated/tech/20140716 7 dmesg Commands for Troubleshooting and Collecting Information of Linux Systems.md b/translated/tech/20140716 7 dmesg Commands for Troubleshooting and Collecting Information of Linux Systems.md index 927e4773da..400a5e0866 100644 --- a/translated/tech/20140716 7 dmesg Commands for Troubleshooting and Collecting Information of Linux Systems.md +++ b/translated/tech/20140716 7 dmesg Commands for Troubleshooting and Collecting Information of Linux Systems.md @@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ dmesg 命令的使用范例 ### 列出所有被检测到的硬件 ### -要显示所有被内核检测到的硬盘设备，你可以使用‘**grep**’命令搜索‘**sda**’关键词，如下： +要显示所有被内核检测到的硬盘设备，你可以使用‘**grep**’命令搜索‘**sda**’关键词，如下： [root@tecmint.com ~]# dmesg | grep sda diff --git a/translated/tech/20140808 How to set up a Samba file server to use with Windows clients.md b/translated/tech/20140808 How to set up a Samba file server to use with Windows clients.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..3896d75feb --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/20140808 How to set up a Samba file server to use with Windows clients.md @@ -0,0 +1,158 @@ +设置Samba文件服务器以使用Windows客户端 +================================================================================ +根据[Samba][1]项目网站所述，Samba是一个开源/自由软件套件，提供了到SMB/CIFS客户端的无缝文件和打印服务。不同于其它SMB/CIFS网络协议部署（如HP-UX的LM服务器，OS/2的LAN服务器，或者VisionFS），Samba（及其源代码）是可以自由获取的（终端用户无需付费），允许在Linux/Unixt服务器和Windows/Unix/Linux客户端之间的互操作。 + +出于这些理由，Samba在不同操作系统（除了Linux）共存的网络中首选的文件服务器解决方案——最常见的结构是多个微软Windows客户端访问安装有Samba的Linux服务器，该情形也是本文将要解决的问题。 + +请注意，另外一方面，如果我们的网络仅仅是由基于Unix的客户端（如Linux，AIX，或者Solaris，还可以举更多的例子）组成，我们可以考虑使用NFS（尽管在此种情况下Samba仍然是可选方案），它可以提供更快的速度。 + +### 在Debian和CentOS中安装Samba ### + +在我们开始安装之前，我们可以使用操作系统中的包管理系统查询Samba的信息： + +在Debian上： + + # aptitude show samba + +在CentOS上： + + # yum info samba + +在下面的屏幕截图中，我们可以看到‘aptitude show samba’的输出（‘yum info samba’会产生类似的结果）： + +![](https://farm4.staticflickr.com/3868/14837993244_0fa525eb35_z.jpg) + +现在让我们来安装Samba吧（下面的截图来自Debian 7[Wheezy]服务器上的安装）： + +在Debian上： + + # aptitude install samba + +在CentOS上： + + # yum install samba + +### 添加用户到Samba ### + +对于4.x之前的版本，需要建立一个本地Unix帐号以便将其添加到Samba： + + # adduser + +![](https://farm6.staticflickr.com/5574/14837266181_fed68bddf2_o.png) + +接下来，我们需要添加用户到Samba，使用带有‘-a’选项的smbpasswd命令来完成，该命令指出后面的用户名将被添加到本地smbpasswd文件中。我们将被提示输入密码（该密码无需和本地Unix帐号的密码相同）： + + # smbpassword -a + +![](https://farm6.staticflickr.com/5555/14653711099_578f8613ca.jpg) + +最后，我们将赋予用户xmodulo到我们系统上某个目录的访问权限，该目录将被用于作为此用户的Samba共享（如有需要，也可以共享给其它用户）。要完成该工作，请使用文本编辑器（如Vim）打开/etc/samba/smb.conf文件，导航到文件末，然后创建一个带有描述名称的区块（使用方括号将其括起来），如[xmodulo]： + + # SAMBA SHARE + [xmodulo] + path = /home/xmodulo + available = yes + valid users = xmodulo + read only = no + browseable = yes + public = yes + writeable = yes + +我们现在必须重启Samba——以防万一——使用testparm命令来检查smb.conf文件的语法错误： + + # service samba restart + # testparm + +![](https://farm6.staticflickr.com/5589/14653655390_becb4f4981_z.jpg) + +如果有错误，在testparm结束后会报告。 + +### 在Windows 7计算机上将Samba共享映射为一个网络驱动器 ### + +在计算机上右击，然后选择“映射网络驱动器”： + +![](https://farm6.staticflickr.com/5571/14837993154_981b73ea92.jpg) + +输入安装了Samba的机器的IP地址，后跟共享名（就是smb.conf文件中方括号括起来的那个名称），然后确保选中了“使用不同的凭据连接”： + +![](https://farm4.staticflickr.com/3881/14839997172_d67ec98933_o.png) + +输入先前用‘**smbpasswd -a**’设置的用户名和密码： + +![](https://farm6.staticflickr.com/5563/14653711029_ddfea53bd6_o.png) + +进入计算机，然后检查网络驱动器是否被正确添加： + +![](https://farm6.staticflickr.com/5584/14837993124_c664728039_o.png) + +作为测试，让我们从Samba的手册页创建一个pdf文件，然后保存到/home/xmodulo目录： + +![](https://farm6.staticflickr.com/5593/14860219723_e8380f0d0f_o.png) + +接下来，我们可以验证该文件是否可以从Windows读取： + +![](https://farm4.staticflickr.com/3869/14817386696_74a12dfdcd_o.png) + +然后检查我们是否能够用默认的pdf阅读器打开它： + +![](https://farm6.staticflickr.com/5584/14653655350_8a243b1493_z.jpg) + +最后，让我们看看我们是否能在Windows中刚刚映射的驱动器上保存文件。我们将打开change.log文件，该文件列出了Notepad++的功能： + +![](https://farm6.staticflickr.com/5565/14817386676_18c1d7bc60_o.png) + +然后试着将它作为普通文本文件（.txt扩展名）保存到Z:\；然后让我们看看该文件是否能在Linux中看到： + +![](https://farm4.staticflickr.com/3841/14817386656_fb09a95a65_o.png) + +### 启用磁盘配额 ### + +作为第一步，我们需要验证当前内核是否已经编译为支持配额： + + # cat /boot/config-$(uname -r) | grep + +![](https://farm4.staticflickr.com/3867/14837993054_081dc9b0dc_z.jpg) + +每个文件系统具有最多5种类型，能够强制使用的配额限制：用户软限制，用户硬限制，组软限制，组硬限制，以及宽限期限。 + +我们现在将为/home文件系统启用磁盘配额，在/etc/fstab文件对应的/home文件系统行现存的默认选项后添加usrquota和grpquto挂载选项，然后重新挂载文件系统以令修改生效： + +![](https://farm6.staticflickr.com/5561/14653806067_b8b0dc2333_z.jpg) + +接下来，我们需要在**/home**目录各自创建两个文件以用于作为用户和组配额的数据库文件：**aquota.user**和**aquota.group**。然后，我们将生成启用配合后每个文件系统的当前磁盘使用表： + + # quotacheck -cug /home + # quotacheck -avugm + +![](https://farm6.staticflickr.com/5584/14837265971_654e8f3bc0_o.png) + + # quota -u + # quota -g + +![](https://farm6.staticflickr.com/5582/14653735848_8de88d69c4_o.png) + +最后，在这最后两步中，使用quotatool命令来为每个用户和/或组来分配磁盘配额（注意，该任务也可以使用edquota来完成，但是quotatool更为直接，更不易犯错）。 + +要为用户xmodulo设置软限制为4MB，硬限制为5MB，xmodulo组为10MB/15MB： + + # quotatool -u xmodulo -bq 4M -l '5 Mb' /home + # quotatool -g xmodulo -bq 10M -l '15 Mb' /home + +![](https://farm4.staticflickr.com/3888/14653806037_5438b5034e_z.jpg) + +我们可以在Windows 7中看到结果（4.00MB中有3.98MB空闲）： + +![](https://farm4.staticflickr.com/3919/14653805967_c2b1551869_o.png) + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: http://xmodulo.com/2014/08/samba-file-server-windows-clients.html + +作者：[Gabriel Cánepa][a] +译者：[GOLinux](https://github.com/GOLinux) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]:http://xmodulo.com/author/gabriel +[1]:http://www.samba.org/