From 885daf886f4281ef88d5668241cc80683dc7ec35 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: darksun <lujun9972@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 24 Feb 2018 14:10:26 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 01/12] =?UTF-8?q?=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98:=20How=20slowing=20dow?=
 =?UTF-8?q?n=20made=20me=20a=20better=20leader?=
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---
 ...ow slowing down made me a better leader.md | 53 +++++++++++++++++++
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diff --git a/sources/talk/20180220 How slowing down made me a better leader.md b/sources/talk/20180220 How slowing down made me a better leader.md
new file mode 100644
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+How slowing down made me a better leader
+======
+
+![](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/BUSINESS_leadership_brand.png?itok=YW1Syk4S)
+
+Early in my career, I thought the most important thing I could do was act. If my boss said jump, my reply was "how high?"
+
+But as I've grown as a leader and manager, I've realized that the most important traits I can offer are [patience][1] and listening. This patience and listening means I'm focusing on what's really important. I'm decisive, so I do not hesitate to act. Yet I've learned that my actions are more impactful when I consider input from multiple sources and offer advice on what we should be doing—not simply reacting to an immediate request.
+
+Practicing open leadership involves cultivating the patience and listening skills I need to collaborate on the [best plan of action, not just the quickest one][2]. It also gives me the tools I need to explain [why I'm saying "no"][3] (or, perhaps, "not now") to someone, so I can lead with transparency and confidence.
+
+If you're in software development and practice scrum, then the following argument might resonate with you: The patience and listening a manager displays are as important as her skills in sprint planning and running the sprint demo. Forget about them, and you'll lessen the impact you're able to have.
+
+### A focus on patience
+
+Focus and patience do not always come easily. Often, I find myself sitting in meetings and filling my notebook with action items. My default action can be to think: "We can simply do x and y will improve!" Then I remember that things are not so linear.
+
+I need to think about the other factors that can influence a situation. Pausing to take in data from multiple people and resources helps me flesh out a strategy that our organization needs for long-term success. It also helps me identify those shorter-term milestones that should lead us to deliver the business results I'm responsible for producing.
+
+Here's a great example from a time when patience wasn't something I valued as I should have—and how that hurt my performance. When I was based on North Carolina, I worked with someone based in Arizona. We didn't use video conferencing technologies, so I didn't get to observe her body language when we talked. While I was responsible for delivering the results for the project I led, she was one of the two people tasked with making sure I had adequate support.
+
+For whatever reason, when I talked with this person, when she asked me to do something, I did it. She would be providing input on my performance evaluation, so I wanted to make sure she was happy. At the time, I didn't possess the maturity to know I didn't need to make her happy; my focus should have been on other performance indicators. I should have spent more time listening and collaborating with her instead of picking up the first "action item" and working on it while she was still talking.
+
+After six months on the job, this person gave me some tough feedback. I was angry and sad. Didn't I do everything she'd asked? I had worked long hours, nearly seven days a week for six months. How dare she criticize my performance?
+
+Then, after I had my moment of anger followed by sadness, I thought about what she said. Her feedback was on point.
+
+The patience and listening a manager displays are as important as her skills in sprint planning and running the sprint demo.
+
+She had concerns about the project, and she held me accountable because I was responsible. We worked through the issues, and I learned that vital lesson about how to lead: Leadership does not mean "get it done right now." Leadership means putting together a strategy, then communicating and implementing plans in support of the strategy. It also means making mistakes and learning from these hiccups.
+
+### Lesson learned
+
+In hindsight, I realize I could have asked more questions to better understand the intent of her feedback. I also could have pushed back if the guidance from her did not align with other input I was receiving. By having the patience to listen to the various sources giving me input about the project, synthesizing what I learned, and creating a coherent plan for action, I would have been a better leader. I also would have had more purpose driving the work I was doing. Instead of reacting to a single data point, I would have been implementing a strategic plan. I also would have had a better performance evaluation.
+
+I eventually had some feedback for her. Next time we worked together, I didn't want to hear the feedback after six months. I wanted to hear the feedback earlier and more often so I could learn from the mistakes sooner. An ongoing discussion about the work is what should happen on any team.
+
+As I mature as a manager and leader, I hold myself to the same standards I ask my team to meet: Plan, work the plan, and reflect. Repeat. Don't let a fire drill created by an external force distract you from the plan you need to implement. Breaking work into small increments builds in space for reflections and adjustments to the plan. As Daniel Goleman writes, "Directing attention toward where it needs to go is a primal task of leadership." Don't be afraid of meeting this challenge.
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+via: https://opensource.com/open-organization/18/2/open-leadership-patience-listening
+
+作者：[Angela Robertson][a]
+译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
+校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
+
+本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
+
+[a]:https://opensource.com/users/arobertson98
+[1]:https://opensource.com/open-organization/16/3/my-most-difficult-leadership-lesson
+[2]:https://opensource.com/open-organization/16/3/fastest-result-isnt-always-best-result
+[3]:https://opensource.com/open-organization/17/5/saying-no-open-organization

From 3938b3b830d570e08a396c635fd8ec74d10ec3fc Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: darksun <lujun9972@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 24 Feb 2018 14:12:18 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 02/12] =?UTF-8?q?=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98:=204=20considerations?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=20when=20naming=20software=20development=20projects?=
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Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

---
 ...en naming software development projects.md | 91 +++++++++++++++++++
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diff --git a/sources/talk/20180220 4 considerations when naming software development projects.md b/sources/talk/20180220 4 considerations when naming software development projects.md
new file mode 100644
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+4 considerations when naming software development projects
+======
+
+![](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/hello-name-sticker-badge-tag.png?itok=fAgbMgBb)
+
+Working on a new open source project, you're focused on the code—getting that great new idea released so you can share it with the world. And you'll want to attract new contributors, so you need a terrific **name** for your project.
+
+We've all read guides for creating names, but how do you go about choosing the right one? Keeping that cool science fiction reference you're using internally might feel fun, but it won't mean much to new users you're trying to attract. A better approach is to choose a name that's memorable to new users and developers searching for your project.
+
+Names set expectations. Your project's name should showcase its functionality in the ecosystem and explain to users what your story is. In the crowded open source software world, it's important not to get entangled with other projects out there. Taking a little extra time now, before sending out that big announcement, will pay off later.
+
+Here are four factors to keep in mind when choosing a name for your project.
+
+### What does your project's code do?
+
+Start with your project: What does it do? You know the code intimately—but can you explain what it does to a new developer? Can you explain it to a CTO or non-developer at another company? What kinds of problems does your project solve for users?
+
+Your project's name needs to reflect what it does in a way that makes sense to newcomers who want to use or contribute to your project. That means considering the ecosystem for your technology and understanding if there are any naming styles or conventions used for similar kinds of projects. Imagine that you're trying to evaluate someone else's project: Would the name be appealing to you?
+
+Any distribution channels you push to are also part of the ecosystem. If your code will be in a Linux distribution, [npm][1], [CPAN][2], [Maven][3], or in a Ruby Gem, you need to review any naming standards or common practices for that package manager. Review any similar existing names in that distribution channel, and get a feel for naming styles of other programs there.
+
+### Who are the users and developers you want to attract?
+
+The hardest aspect of choosing a new name is putting yourself in the shoes of new users. You built this project; you already know how powerful it is, so while your cool name may sound great, it might not draw in new people. You need a name that is interesting to someone new, and that tells the world what problems your project solves.
+
+Great names depend on what kind of users you want to attract. Are you building an [Eclipse][4] plugin or npm module that's focused on developers? Or an analytics toolkit that brings visualizations to the average user? Understanding your user base and the kinds of open source contributors you want to attract is critical.
+
+Great names depend on what kind of users you want to attract.
+
+Take the time to think this through. Who does your project most appeal to, and how can it help them do their job? What kinds of problems does your code solve for end users? Understanding the target user helps you focus on what users need, and what kind of names or brands they respond to.
+
+Take the time to think this through. Who does your project most appeal to, and how can it help them do their job? What kinds of problems does your code solve for end users? Understanding the target user helps you focus on what users need, and what kind of names or brands they respond to.
+
+When you're open source, this equation changes a bit—your target is not just users; it's also developers who will want to contribute code back to your project. You're probably a developer, too: What kinds of names and brands excite you, and what images would entice you to try out someone else's new project?
+
+Once you have a better feel of what users and potential contributors expect, use that knowledge to refine your names. Remember, you need to step outside your project and think about how the name would appeal to someone who doesn't know how amazing your code is—yet. Once someone gets to your website, does the name synchronize with what your product does? If so, move to the next step.
+
+### Who else is using similar names for software?
+
+Now that you've tried on a user's shoes to evaluate potential names, what's next? Figuring out if anyone else is already using a similar name. It sometimes feels like all the best names are taken—but if you search carefully, you'll find that's not true.
+
+The first step is to do a few web searches using your proposed name. Search for the name, plus "software", "open source", and a few keywords for the functionality that your code provides. Look through several pages of results for each search to see what's out there in the software world.
+
+The first step is to do a few web searches using your proposed name.
+
+Unless you're using a completely made-up word, you'll likely get a lot of hits. The trick is understanding which search results might be a problem. Again, put on the shoes of a new user to your project. If you were searching for this great new product and saw the other search results along with your project's homepage, would you confuse them? Are the other search results even software products? If your product solves a similar problem to other search results, that's a problem: Users may gravitate to an existing product instead of a new one.
+
+Unless you're using a completely made-up word, you'll likely get a lot of hits. The trick is understanding which search results might be a problem. Again, put on the shoes of a new user to your project. If you were searching for this great new product and saw the other search results along with your project's homepage, would you confuse them? Are the other search results even software products? If your product solves a similar problem to other search results, that's a problem: Users may gravitate to an existing product instead of a new one.
+
+Similar non-software product names are rarely an issue unless they are famous trademarks—like Nike or Red Bull, for example—where the companies behind them won't look kindly on anyone using a similar name. Using the same name as a less famous non-software product might be OK, depending on how big your project gets.
+
+### How big do you plan to grow your project?
+
+Are you building a new node module or command-line utility, but not planning a career around it? Is your new project a million-dollar business idea, and you're thinking startup? Or is it something in between?
+
+If your project is a basic developer utility—something useful that developers will integrate into their workflow—then you have enough data to choose a name. Think through the ecosystem and how a new user would see your potential names, and pick one. You don't need perfection, just a name you're happy with that seems right for your project.
+
+If you're planning to build a business around your project, use these tips to develop a shortlist of names, but do more vetting before announcing the winner. Use for a business or major project requires some level of registered trademark search, which is usually performed by a law firm.
+
+### Common pitfalls
+
+Finally, when choosing a name, avoid these common pitfalls:
+
+  * Using an esoteric acronym. If new users don't understand the name, they'll have a hard time finding you.
+
+  * Using current pop-culture references. If you want your project's appeal to last, pick a name that will last.
+
+  * Failing to consider non-English speakers. Does the name have a specific meaning in another language that might be confusing?
+
+  * Using off-color jokes or potentially unsavory references. Even if it seems funny to developers, it may fall flat for newcomers and turn away contributors.
+
+
+
+
+Good luck—and remember to take the time to step out of your shoes and consider how a newcomer to your project will think of the name.
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+via: https://opensource.com/article/18/2/choosing-project-names-four-key-considerations
+
+作者：[Shane Curcuru][a]
+译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
+校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
+
+本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
+
+[a]:https://opensource.com/users/shane-curcuru
+[1]:https://www.npmjs.com/
+[2]:https://www.cpan.org/
+[3]:https://maven.apache.org/
+[4]:https://www.eclipse.org/

From 9bba890ede08d46f938e81ce8063618af3b2c06b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: darksun <lujun9972@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 24 Feb 2018 14:13:43 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 03/12] =?UTF-8?q?=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98:=20How=20to=20format?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=20academic=20papers=20on=20Linux=20with=20groff=20-me?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

---
 ...academic papers on Linux with groff -me.md | 265 ++++++++++++++++++
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 create mode 100644 sources/tech/20180220 How to format academic papers on Linux with groff -me.md

diff --git a/sources/tech/20180220 How to format academic papers on Linux with groff -me.md b/sources/tech/20180220 How to format academic papers on Linux with groff -me.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5131cad7f5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sources/tech/20180220 How to format academic papers on Linux with groff -me.md	
@@ -0,0 +1,265 @@
+How to format academic papers on Linux with groff -me
+======
+
+![](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/life_paperclips.png?itok=j48op49T)
+
+I was an undergraduate student when I discovered Linux in 1993. I was so excited to have the power of a Unix system right in my dorm room, but despite its many capabilities, Linux lacked applications. Word processors like LibreOffice and OpenOffice were years away. If you wanted to use a word processor, you likely booted your system into MS-DOS and used WordPerfect, the shareware GalaxyWrite, or a similar program.
+
+`nroff` and `troff`. They are different interfaces to the same system: `nroff` generates plaintext output, suitable for screens or line printers, and `troff` generates very pretty output, usually for printing on a laser printer.
+
+That was my method, since I needed to write papers for my classes, but I preferred staying in Linux. I knew from our "big Unix" campus computer lab that Unix systems provided a set of text-formatting programs calledand. They are different interfaces to the same system:generates plaintext output, suitable for screens or line printers, andgenerates very pretty output, usually for printing on a laser printer.
+
+On Linux, `nroff` and `troff` are combined as GNU troff, more commonly known as [groff][1]. I was happy to see a version of groff included in my early Linux distribution, so I set out to learn how to use it to write class papers. The first macro set I learned was the `-me` macro package, a straightforward, easy to learn macro set.
+
+The first thing to know about `groff` is that it processes and formats text according to a set of macros. A macro is usually a two-character command, set on a line by itself, with a leading dot. A macro might carry one or more options. When `groff` encounters one of these macros while processing a document, it will automatically format the text appropriately.
+
+Below, I'll share the basics of using `groff -me` to write simple documents like class papers. I won't go deep into the details, like how to create nested lists, keeps and displays, tables, and figures.
+
+### Paragraphs
+
+Let's start with an easy example you see in almost every type of document: paragraphs. Paragraphs can be formatted with the first line either indented or not (i.e., flush against the left margin). Many printed documents, including academic papers, magazines, journals, and books, use a combination of the two types, with the first (leading) paragraph in a document or chapter flush left and all other (regular) paragraphs indented. In `groff -me`, you can use both paragraph types: leading paragraphs (`.lp`) and regular paragraphs (`.pp`).
+```
+.lp
+
+This is the first paragraph.
+
+.pp
+
+This is a standard paragraph.
+
+```
+
+### Text formatting
+
+The macro to format text in bold is `.b` and to format in italics is `.i`. If you put `.b` or `.i` on a line by itself, then all text that comes after it will be in bold or italics. But it's more likely you just want to put one or a few words in bold or italics. To make one word bold or italics, put that word on the same line as `.b` or `.i`, as an option. To format multiple words in **bold** or italics, enclose your text in quotes.
+```
+.pp
+
+You can do basic formatting such as
+
+.i italics
+
+or
+
+.b "bold text."
+
+```
+
+In the above example, the period at the end of **bold text** will also be in bold type. In most cases, that's not what you want. It's more correct to only have the words **bold text** in bold, but not the trailing period. To get the effect you want, you can add a second argument to `.b` or `.i` to indicate any text that should trail the bolded or italicized text, but in normal type. For example, you might do this to ensure that the trailing period doesn't show up in bold type.
+```
+.pp
+
+You can do basic formatting such as
+
+.i italics
+
+or
+
+.b "bold text" .
+
+```
+
+### Lists
+
+With `groff -me`, you can create two types of lists: bullet lists (`.bu`) and numbered lists (`.np`).
+```
+.pp
+
+Bullet lists are easy to make:
+
+.bu
+
+Apple
+
+.bu
+
+Banana
+
+.bu
+
+Pineapple
+
+.pp
+
+Numbered lists are as easy as:
+
+.np
+
+One
+
+.np
+
+Two
+
+.np
+
+Three
+
+.pp
+
+Note that numbered lists will reset at the next pp or lp.
+
+```
+
+### Subheads
+
+If you're writing a long paper, you might want to divide your content into sections. With `groff -me`, you can create numbered headings (`.sh`) and unnumbered headings (`.uh`). In either, enclose the section title in quotes as an argument. For numbered headings, you also need to provide the heading level: `1` will give a first-level heading (e.g., 1.). Similarly, `2` and `3` will give second and third level headings, such as 2.1 or 3.1.1.
+```
+.uh Introduction
+
+.pp
+
+Provide one or two paragraphs to describe the work
+
+and why it is important.
+
+.sh 1 "Method and Tools"
+
+.pp
+
+Provide a few paragraphs to describe how you
+
+did the research, including what equipment you used
+
+```
+
+### Smart quotes and block quotes
+
+It's standard in any academic paper to cite other people's work as evidence. If you're citing a brief quote to highlight a key message, you can just type quotes around your text. But groff won't automatically convert your quotes into the "smart" or "curly" quotes used by modern word processing systems. To create them in `groff -me`, insert an inline macro to create the left quote (`\*(lq`) and right quote mark (`\*(rq`).
+```
+.pp
+
+Christine Peterson coined the phrase \*(lqopen source.\*(rq
+
+```
+
+There's also a shortcut in `groff -me` to create these quotes (`.q`) that I find easier to use.
+```
+.pp
+
+Christine Peterson coined the phrase
+
+.q "open source."
+
+```
+
+If you're citing a longer quote that spans several lines, you'll want to use a block quote. To do this, insert the blockquote macro (`.(q`) at the beginning and end of the quote.
+```
+.pp
+
+Christine Peterson recently wrote about open source:
+
+.(q
+
+On April 7, 1998, Tim O'Reilly held a meeting of key
+
+leaders in the field. Announced in advance as the first
+
+.q "Freeware Summit,"
+
+by April 14 it was referred to as the first
+
+.q "Open Source Summit."
+
+.)q
+
+```
+
+### Footnotes
+
+To insert a footnote, include the footnote macro (`.(f`) before and after the footnote text, and use an inline macro (`\**`) to add the footnote mark. The footnote mark should appear both in the text and in the footnote itself.
+```
+.pp
+
+Christine Peterson recently wrote about open source:\**
+
+.(f
+
+\**Christine Peterson.
+
+.q "How I coined the term open source."
+
+.i "OpenSource.com."
+
+1 Feb 2018.
+
+.)f
+
+.(q
+
+On April 7, 1998, Tim O'Reilly held a meeting of key
+
+leaders in the field. Announced in advance as the first
+
+.q "Freeware Summit,"
+
+by April 14 it was referred to as the first
+
+.q "Open Source Summit."
+
+.)q
+
+```
+
+### Cover page
+
+Most class papers require a cover page containing the paper's title, your name, and the date. Creating a cover page in `groff -me` requires some assembly. I find the easiest way is to use centered blocks of text and add extra lines between the title, name, and date. (I prefer to use two blank lines between each.) At the top of your paper, start with the title page (`.tp`) macro, insert five blank lines (`.sp 5` ), then add the centered text (`.(c`), and extra blank lines (`.sp 2`).
+```
+.tp
+
+.sp 5
+
+.(c
+
+.b "Writing Class Papers with groff -me"
+
+.)c
+
+.sp 2
+
+.(c
+
+Jim Hall
+
+.)c
+
+.sp 2
+
+.(c
+
+February XX, 2018
+
+.)c
+
+.bp
+
+```
+
+The last macro (`.bp`) tells groff to add a page break after the title page.
+
+### Learning more
+
+Those are the essentials of writing professional-looking a paper in `groff -me` with leading and indented paragraphs, bold and italics text, bullet and numbered lists, numbered and unnumbered section headings, block quotes, and footnotes.
+
+I've included a sample groff file to demonstrate all of this formatting. Save the `lorem-ipsum.me` file to your system and run it through groff. The `-Tps` option sets the output type to PostScript so you can send the document to a printer or convert it to a PDF file using the `ps2pdf` program.
+```
+groff -Tps -me lorem-ipsum.me > lorem-ipsum.me.ps
+
+ps2pdf lorem-ipsum.me.ps lorem-ipsum.me.pdf
+
+```
+
+If you'd like to use more advanced functions in `groff -me`, refer to Eric Allman's "Writing Papers with Groff using `−me`," which you should find on your system as `meintro.me` in groff's `doc` directory. It's a great reference document that explains other ways to format papers using the `groff -me` macros.
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+via: https://opensource.com/article/18/2/how-format-academic-papers-linux-groff-me
+
+作者：[Jim Hall][a]
+译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
+校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
+
+本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
+
+[a]:https://opensource.com/users/jim-hall
+[1]:https://www.gnu.org/software/groff/

From a1e57f69aa80d964095a584e9d930f7a9ada16e2 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: darksun <lujun9972@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 24 Feb 2018 14:22:30 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 04/12] =?UTF-8?q?=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98:=20The=20List=20Of=20U?=
 =?UTF-8?q?seful=20Bash=20Keyboard=20Shortcuts?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

---
 ... List Of Useful Bash Keyboard Shortcuts.md | 161 ++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 161 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 sources/tech/20180217 The List Of Useful Bash Keyboard Shortcuts.md

diff --git a/sources/tech/20180217 The List Of Useful Bash Keyboard Shortcuts.md b/sources/tech/20180217 The List Of Useful Bash Keyboard Shortcuts.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..beba179fee
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sources/tech/20180217 The List Of Useful Bash Keyboard Shortcuts.md	
@@ -0,0 +1,161 @@
+The List Of Useful Bash Keyboard Shortcuts
+======
+![](https://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/Bash-720x340.jpg)
+
+Nowadays, I spend more time in Terminal, trying to accomplish more in CLI than GUI. I learned many BASH tricks over time. And, here is the list of useful of BASH shortcuts that every Linux users should know to get things done faster in their BASH shell. I won’t claim that this list is a complete list of BASH shortcuts, but just enough to move around your BASH shell faster than before. Learning how to navigate faster in BASH Shell not only saves some time, but also makes you proud of yourself for learning something worth. Well, let’s get started.
+
+### List Of Useful Bash Keyboard Shortcuts
+
+#### ALT key shortcuts
+
+1\. **ALT+A** – Go to the beginning of a line.
+
+2\. **ALT+B** – Move one character before the cursor.
+
+3\. **ALT+C** – Suspends the running command/process. Same as CTRL+C
+
+4\. **ALT+D** – Closes the empty Terminal (I.e it closes the Terminal when there is nothing typed). Also deletes all chracters after the cursor.
+
+5\. **ALT+F** – Move forward one character.
+
+6\. **ALT+T** – Swaps the last two words.
+
+7\. **ALT+U** – Capitalize all characters in a word after the cursor.
+
+8\. **ALT+L** – Uncaptalize all characters in a word after the cursor.
+
+9\. **ALT+R** – Undo any changes to a command that you have brought from the history if you’ve edited it.
+
+As you see in the above output, I have pulled a command using reverse search and changed the last characters in that command and revert the changes using **ALT+R**.
+
+10\. **ALT+.** (note the dot at the end) – Use the last word of the previous command.
+
+If you want to use the same options for multiple commands, you can use this shortcut to bring back the last word of previous command. For instance, I need to short the contents of a directory using “ls -r” command. Also, I want to view my Kernel version using “uname -r”. In both commands, the common word is “-r”. This is where ALT+. shortcut comes in handy. First run, ls -r command to do reverse shorting and use the last word “-r” in the nex command i.e uname.
+
+#### CTRL key shortcuts
+
+1\. **CTRL+A** – Quickly move to the beginning of line.
+
+Let us say you’re typing a command something like below. While you’re at the N’th line, you noticed there is a typo in the first character
+```
+$ gind . -mtime -1 -type
+
+```
+
+Did you notice? I typed “gind” instead of “find” in the above command. You can correct this error by pressing the left arrow all the way to the first letter and replace “g” with “f”. Alternatively, just hit the **CTRL+A** or **Home** key to instantly go to the beginning of the line and replace the misspelled character. This will save you a few seconds.
+
+2\. **CTRL+B** – To move backward one character.
+
+This shortcut key can move the cursor backward one character i.e one character before the cursor. Alternatively, you can use LEFT arrow to move backward one character.
+
+3\. **CTRL+C** – Stop the currently running command
+
+If a command takes too long to complete or if you mistakenly run it, you can forcibly stop or quit the command by using **CTRL+C**.
+
+4\. **CTRL+D** – Delete one character backward.
+
+If you have a system where the BACKSPACE key isn’t working, you can use **CTRL+D** to delete one character backward. This shortcut also lets you logs out of the current session, similar to exit.
+
+5\. **CTRL+E** – Move to the end of line
+
+After you corrected any misspelled word in the start of a command or line, just hit **CTRL+E** to quickly move to the end of the line. Alternatively, you can use END key in your keyboard.
+
+6\. **CTRL+F** – Move forward one character
+
+If you want to move the cursor forward one character after another, just press **CTRL+F** instead of RIGHT arrow key.
+
+7\. **CTRL+G** – Leave the history searching mode without running the command.
+
+As you see in the above screenshot, I did the reverse search, but didn’t execute the command and left the history searching mode.
+
+8\. **CTRL+H** – Delete the characters before the cursor, same as BASKSPACE.
+
+9\. **CTRL+J** – Same as ENTER/RETURN key.
+
+ENTER key is not working? No problem! **CTRL+J** or **CTRL+M** can be used as an alternative to ENTER key.
+
+10\. **CTRL+K** – Delete all characters after the cursor.
+
+You don’t have to keep hitting the DELETE key to delete the characters after the cursor. Just press **CTRL+K** to delete all characters after the cursor.
+
+11\. **CTRL+L** – Clears the screen and redisplay the line.
+
+Don’t type “clear” to clear the screen. Just press CTRL+L to clear and redisplay the currently typed line.
+
+12\. **CTRL+M** – Same as CTRL+J or RETURN.
+
+13\. **CTRL+N** – Display next line in command history.
+
+You can also use DOWN arrow.
+
+14\. **CTRL+O** – Run the command that you found using reverse search i.e CTRL+R.
+
+15\. **CTRL+P** – Displays the previous line in command history.
+
+You can also use UP arrow.
+
+16\. **CTRL+R** – Searches the history backward (Reverse search).
+
+17\. **CTRL+S** – Searches the history forward.
+
+18\. **CTRL+T** – Swaps the last two characters.
+
+This is one of my favorite shortcut. Let us say you typed “sl” instead of “ls”. No problem! This shortcut will transposes the characters as in the below screenshot.
+
+![][2]
+
+19\. **CTRL+U** – Delete all characters before the cursor (Kills backward from point to the beginning of line).
+
+This shortcut will delete all typed characters backward at once.
+
+20\. **CTRL+V** – Makes the next character typed verbatim
+
+21\. **CTRL+W** – Delete the words before the cursor.
+
+Don’t confuse it with CTRL+U. CTRL+W won’t delete everything behind a cursor, but a single word.
+
+![][3]
+
+22\. **CTRL+X** – Lists the possible filename completions of the current word.
+
+23\. **CTRL+XX** – Move between start of command line and current cursor position (and back again).
+
+24\. **CTRL+Y** – Retrieves last item that you deleted or cut.
+
+Remember, we deleted a word “-al” using CTRL+W in the 21st command. You can retrieve that word instantly using CTRL+Y.
+
+![][4]
+
+See? I didn’t type “-al”. Instead, I pressed CTRL+Y to retrieve it.
+
+25\. **CTRL+Z** – Stops the current command.
+
+You may very well know this shortcut. It kills the currently running command. You can resume it with **fg** in the foreground or **bg** in the background.
+
+26\. **CTRL+[** – Equivalent to ESC key.
+
+#### Miscellaneous
+
+1\. **!!** – Repeats the last command.
+
+2\. **ESC+t** – Swaps the last tow words.
+
+That’s all I have in mind now. I will keep adding more if I came across any Bash shortcut keys in future. If you think there is a mistake in this article, please do notify me in the comments section below. I will update it asap.
+
+Cheers!
+
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+via: https://www.ostechnix.com/list-useful-bash-keyboard-shortcuts/
+
+作者：[SK][a]
+译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
+校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
+
+本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
+
+[a]:https://www.ostechnix.com/author/sk/
+[2]:http://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/CTRLT-1.gif
+[3]:http://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/CTRLW-1.gif
+[4]:http://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/CTRLY-1.gif

From fb10104b40494f4a73609332156c44cabc68aca1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: yizhuyan <yizhuoyan@hotmail.com>
Date: Sat, 24 Feb 2018 14:31:01 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 05/12] Create 20180131 10 things I love about Vue.md

---
 .../20180131 10 things I love about Vue.md    | 138 ++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 138 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 translated/tech/20180131 10 things I love about Vue.md

diff --git a/translated/tech/20180131 10 things I love about Vue.md b/translated/tech/20180131 10 things I love about Vue.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..16fae2d64f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/translated/tech/20180131 10 things I love about Vue.md	
@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+#我喜欢Vue的10个方面
+============================================================
+
+![](https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/1600/1*X4ipeKVYzmY2M3UPYgUYuA.png)
+
+
+
+
+我喜欢Vue。当我在2016年第一次接触它时，也许那时我已有了JavaScript框架疲劳的观点，因为我已经具有Backbone, Angular, React等框架的经验
+而且我也没有过度的热情去尝试一个新的框架。直到我在hacker news上读到一份评论，其描述Vue是类似于“新jquery”的JavaScript框架，从而激发了我的好奇心。在那之前，我已经相当满意React这个框架，它是一个很好的框架，基于可靠的设计原则，围绕着视图模板，虚拟DOM和状态响应等技术。而Vue也提供了这些重要的内容。在这篇文章中，我旨在解释为什么Vue适合我，为什么在上文中那些我尝试过的框架中选择它。也许你将同意我的一些观点，但至少我希望能够给大家关于使用Vue开发现代JavaScript应用的一些灵感。
+
+##1\. 极少的模板语法
+
+Vue默认提供的视图模板语法是极小的，简洁的和可扩展的。像其他Vue部分一样，可以很简单的使用类似JSX一样语法而不使用标准的模板语法（甚至有官方文档说明如何这样做），但是我觉得没必要这么做。关于JSX有好的方面，也有一些有依据的批评，如混淆了JavaScript和HTML，使得很容易在模板中编写出复杂的代码，而本来应该分开写在不同的地方的。
+
+Vue没有使用标准的HTML来编写视图模板，而是使用极少的模板语法来处理简单的事情，如基于视图数据迭代创建元素。
+```
+<template>
+  <div id="app">
+    <ul>
+      <li v-for='number in numbers' :key='number'>{{ number }}</li>
+    </ul>
+    <form @submit.prevent='addNumber'>
+      <input type='text' v-model='newNumber'>
+      <button type='submit'>Add another number</button>
+    </form>
+  </div>
+</template>
+
+<script>
+export default {
+  name: 'app',
+  methods: {
+    addNumber() {
+      const num = +this.newNumber;
+      if (typeof num === 'number' && !isNaN(num)) {
+        this.numbers.push(num);
+      }
+    }
+  },
+  data() {
+    return {
+      newNumber: null,
+      numbers: [1, 23, 52, 46]
+    };
+  }
+}
+</script>
+
+<style lang="scss">
+ul {
+  padding: 0;
+  li {
+    list-style-type: none;
+    color: blue;
+  }
+}
+</style>
+```
+
+
+我也喜欢Vue提供的简短绑定语法，“：”用于在模板中绑定数据变量，“@”用于绑定事件。这是一个细节，但写起来很爽而且能够让你的组件代码简洁。
+
+##2\. 单文件组件
+
+大多数人使用Vue，都使用“单文件组件”。本质上就是一个.vue文件对应一个组件，其中包含三部分（CSS，HTML和JavaScript）
+
+这种技术结合是对的。它让人很容易理解每个组件在一个单独的地方，同时也非常好的鼓励了大家保持每个组件代码的简短。如果你的组件中JavaScript，CSS和HTML代码占了很多行，那么就到了进一步模块化的时刻了。
+
+在使用Vue组件中的<style>标签时，我们可以添加“scoped”属性。这会让整个样式完全的封装到当前组件，意思是在组件中如果我们写了.name的css选择器，它不会把样式应用到其他组件中。我非常喜欢这种方式来应用样式而不是像其他主要框架流行在JS中编写CSS的方式。
+
+关于单文件组件另一个好处是.vue文件是一个有效的HTML5文件。
+<template>, <script>, <style> 都是w3c官方规范的标签。这就表示很多我们用于开发过程中的工具（如linters，LCTT 译注：一种代码检查工具插件）能够开箱即用或者添加一些适配后使用。
+
+##3\. Vue “新的 jQuery”
+
+事实上，这两个库不相似而且用于做不同的事。让我提供给你一个很精辟的类比（我实际上非常喜欢描述Vue和Jquery之间的关系）：披头士乐队和齐柏林飞船乐队（LCTT译注：两个都是英国著名的乐队）。披头士乐队不需要介绍，他们是20世纪60年代最大的和最有影响力的乐队。但很难说披头士乐队是20世纪70年代最大的乐队，因为有时这个荣耀属于是齐柏林飞船乐队。你可以说两个乐队之间有着微妙的音乐联系或者说他们的音乐是明显不同的，但两者一些先前的艺术和影响力是不可否认的。也许21世纪初JavaScript的世界就像20世纪70年代的音乐世界一样，随着Vue获得更多关注使用，只会吸引更多粉丝。
+
+一些使jQuery牛逼的哲学理念在Vue中也有呈现：非常容易的学习曲线但却具有基于现代web标准构建牛逼web应用所有你需要的功能。Vue的核心本质上就是在JavaScript对象上包装了一层。
+
+##4\. 极易扩展
+
+正如前述，Vue默认使用标准的HTML，JS和CSS构建组件，但可以很容易插入其他技术。如果我们想使用pug（LCTT译注:一款功能丰富的模板引擎,专门为 Node.js平台开发）替换HTML或者使用Typescript（LCTT译注：一种由微软开发的编程语言,是JavaScript的一个超集）替换js或者Sass(LCTT译注：一种CSS扩展语言)替换CSS，只需要安装相关的node模块和在我们的单文件组件中添加一个属性到相关的标签即可。你甚至可以在一个项目中混合搭配使用-如一些组件使用HTML其他使用pug-然而我不太确定这么做是最好的做法。
+
+##5\. 虚拟DOM
+
+虚拟DOM是很好的技术，被用于现如今很多框架。这就表示这些框架
+能够做到根据我们状态的改变来高效的完成DOM更新，减少重新渲染和优化我们应用的性能。现如今每个框架都有虚拟DOM技术，所以虽然它不是什么独特的东西，但它仍然很出色。
+
+##6\. Vuex 
+
+对于大多数应用，管理状态成为一个棘手的问题，单独使用一个视图库不能解决这个问题。Vue使用Vuex库来解决这个问题。Vuex很容易构建而且和Vue集成的很好。熟悉redux（另一个管理状态的库）的学习Vuex会觉得轻车熟路，但是我发现Vue和Vuex集成起来更加简洁。最新JavaScript草案中（LCTT译注：应该是指ES7）提供了对象展开运算符（LCTT译注：符号为...），允许我们在状态或函数中进行合并，以操纵从Vuex到需要它的Vue组件中的状态。
+
+##7\. Vue的命令行界面（CLI）
+
+Vue提供的命令行界面非常不错，很容易开始搭建一个基于Webpack（LCTT译注：一个前端资源加载/打包工具）的Vue项目。在终端中一行命令即可创建包含单文件组件支持，babel（LCTT译注：js语法转换器），linting（LCTT译注：代码检查工具），测试工具支持，以及合理的项目结构。
+然而有一个命令，我从CLI中错过了，那就是“vue构建”。
+```
+如: `echo '<template><h1>Hello World!</h1></template>' > Hello.vue && vue build Hello.vue -o`
+```
+
+“vue build”命令构建和运行组件并在浏览器中测试看起来非常简单。很不幸这个命令后来在Vue中删除了，现在推荐使用Poi. Poi本质上是在Webpack工具上封装了一层，但我不认我它像tweet上说的一样简单。
+
+##8\. 重新渲染优化
+
+
+使用Vue，你不必声明DOM的哪部分应该被重新渲染。我从来都不喜欢操纵React组件的渲染，像在shouldComponentUpdate方法中停止整个DOM树重新渲染这种。Vue在这方面非常巧妙。
+
+##9\. 容易获得帮助
+
+
+Vue已经达到了使用这个框架来构建各种各样的应用的一种群聚效应。开发文档非常完善。如果你需要进一步的帮助，有多种渠道可用，每个渠道都有很多活跃开发者：stackoverflow, discord,twitter等。相对于其他用户量少的框架，这就应该给你更多的信心来使用Vue构建应用。
+
+##10\. 多机构维护
+
+我认为，一个开源库，在发展方向方面的投票权利没有被单一机构操纵过多，是一个好事。就如同React的许可证问题（现已解决），Vue就不可能涉及到。
+
+
+总之，作为你接下来要开发的任何JavaScript项目，我认为Vue都是一个极好的选择。Vue可用的生态圈比我博客中涉及到的其他库都要大。如果想要更全面的产品，你可以关注Nuxt.js。如果你需要一些可重复使用的样式组件你可以关注类似Vuetify的库。
+Vue是2017年增长最快的库之一，我预测在2018年增长速度不会放缓。
+
+如果你有空闲的30分钟，为什么不尝试下Vue，看它可以给你提供什么呢？
+
+P.S. — 这篇文档很好的展示了Vue和其他框架的比较:[https://vuejs.org/v2/guide/comparison.html][1]
+
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+via: https://medium.com/@dalaidunc/10-things-i-love-about-vue-505886ddaff2
+
+作者：[Duncan Grant ][a]
+译者：[yizhuoyan](https://github.com/yizhuoyan)
+校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
+
+本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
+
+[a]:https://medium.com/@dalaidunc
+[1]:https://vuejs.org/v2/guide/comparison.html

From 10778049b963fc99aba20070b1dd7661ca8eb772 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: yizhuyan <yizhuoyan@hotmail.com>
Date: Sat, 24 Feb 2018 14:32:51 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 06/12] Delete 20180131 10 things I love about Vue.md
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

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---
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diff --git a/sources/tech/20180131 10 things I love about Vue.md b/sources/tech/20180131 10 things I love about Vue.md
deleted file mode 100644
index 55b9007ce1..0000000000
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-10 things I love about Vue
-============================================================
-
-![](https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/1600/1*X4ipeKVYzmY2M3UPYgUYuA.png)
-
-I love Vue. When I first looked at it in 2016, perhaps I was coming from a perspective of JavaScript framework fatigue. I’d already had experience with Backbone, Angular, React, among others and I wasn’t overly enthusiastic to try a new framework. It wasn’t until I read a comment on hacker news describing Vue as the ‘new jquery’ of JavaScript, that my curiosity was piqued. Until that point, I had been relatively content with React — it is a good framework based on solid design principles centred around view templates, virtual DOM and reacting to state, and Vue also provides these great things. In this blog post, I aim to explore why Vue is the framework for me. I choose it above any other that I have tried. Perhaps you will agree with some of my points, but at the very least I hope to give you some insight into what it is like to develop modern JavaScript applications with Vue.
-
-1\. Minimal Template Syntax
-
-The template syntax which you are given by default from Vue is minimal, succinct and extendable. Like many parts of Vue, it’s easy to not use the standard template syntax and instead use something like JSX (there is even an official page of documentation about how to do this), but I don’t know why you would want to do that to be honest. For all that is good about JSX, there are some valid criticisms: by blurring the line between JavaScript and HTML, it makes it a bit too easy to start writing complex code in your template which should instead be separated out and written elsewhere in your JavaScript view code.
-
-Vue instead uses standard HTML to write your templates, with a minimal template syntax for simple things such as iteratively creating elements based on the view data.
-
-```
-<template>
-  <div id="app">
-    <ul>
-      <li v-for='number in numbers' :key='number'>{{ number }}</li>
-    </ul>
-    <form @submit.prevent='addNumber'>
-      <input type='text' v-model='newNumber'>
-      <button type='submit'>Add another number</button>
-    </form>
-  </div>
-</template>
-
-<script>
-export default {
-  name: 'app',
-  methods: {
-    addNumber() {
-      const num = +this.newNumber;
-      if (typeof num === 'number' && !isNaN(num)) {
-        this.numbers.push(num);
-      }
-    }
-  },
-  data() {
-    return {
-      newNumber: null,
-      numbers: [1, 23, 52, 46]
-    };
-  }
-}
-</script>
-
-<style lang="scss">
-ul {
-  padding: 0;
-  li {
-    list-style-type: none;
-    color: blue;
-  }
-}
-</style>
-```
-
-
-I also like the short-bindings provided by Vue, ‘:’ for binding data variables into your template and ‘@’ for binding to events. It’s a small thing, but it feels nice to type and keeps your components succinct.
-
-2\. Single File Components
-
-When most people write Vue, they do so using ‘single file components’. Essentially it is a file with the suffix .vue containing up to 3 parts (the css, html and javascript) for each component.
-
-This coupling of technologies feels right. It makes it easy to understand each component in a single place. It also has the nice side effect of encouraging you to keep your code short for each component. If the JavaScript, CSS and HTML for your component is taking up too many lines then it might be time to modularise further.
-
-When it comes to the <style> tag of a Vue component, we can add the ‘scoped’ attribute. This will fully encapsulate the styling to this component. Meaning if we had a .name CSS selector defined in this component, it won’t apply that style in any other component. I much prefer this approach of styling view components to the approaches of writing CSS in JS which seems popular in other leading frameworks.
-
-Another very nice thing about single file components is that they are actually valid HTML5 files. <template>, <script>, <style> are all part of the official w3c specification. This means that many tools you use as part of your development process (such as linters) can work out of the box or with minimal adaptation.
-
-3\. Vue as the new jQuery
-
-Really these two libraries are not similar and are doing different things. Let me provide you with a terrible analogy that I am actually quite fond of to describe the relationship of Vue and jQuery: The Beatles and Led Zeppelin. The Beatles need no introduction, they were the biggest group of the 1960s and were supremely influential. It gets harder to pin the accolade of ‘biggest group of the 1970s’ but sometimes that goes to Led Zeppelin. You could say that the musical relationship between the Beatles and Led Zeppelin is tenuous and their music is distinctively different, but there is some prior art and influence to accept. Maybe 2010s JavaScript world is like the 1970s music world and as Vue gets more radio plays, it will only attract more fans.
-
-Some of the philosophy that made jQuery so great is also present in Vue: a really easy learning curve but with all the power you need to build great web applications based on modern web standards. At its core, Vue is really just a wrapper around JavaScript objects.
-
-4\. Easily extensible
-
-As mentioned, Vue uses standard HTML, JS and CSS to build its components as a default, but it is really easy to plug in other technologies. If we want to use pug instead of HTML or typescript instead of JS or sass instead of CSS, it’s just a matter of installing the relevant node modules and adding an attribute to the relevant section of our single file component. You could even mix and match components within a project — e.g. some components using HTML and others using pug — although I’m not sure doing this is the best practice.
-
-5\. Virtual DOM
-
-The virtual DOM is used in many frameworks these days and it is great. It means the framework can work out what has changed in our state and then efficiently apply DOM updates, minimizing re-rendering and optimising the performance of our application. Everyone and their mother has a Virtual DOM these days, so whilst it’s not something unique, it’s still very cool.
-
-6\. Vuex is great
-
-For most applications, managing state becomes a tricky issue which using a view library alone can not solve. Vue’s solution to this is the vuex library. It’s easy to setup and integrates very well with vue. Those familiar with redux will be at home here, but I find that the integration between vue and vuex is neater and more minimal than that of react and redux. Soon-to-be-standard JavaScript provides the object spread operator which allows us to merge in state or functions to manipulate state from vuex into the components that need it.
-
-7\. Vue CLI
-
-The CLI provided by Vue is really great and makes it easy to get started with a webpack project with Vue. Single file components support, babel, linting, testing and a sensible project structure can all be created with a single command in your terminal.
-
-There is one thing, however I miss from the CLI and that is the ‘vue build’.
-
-```
-try this: `echo '<template><h1>Hello World!</h1></template>' > Hello.vue && vue build Hello.vue -o`
-```
-
-It looked so simple to build and run components and test them in the browser. Unfortunately this command was later removed from vue, instead the recommendation is to now use poi. Poi is basically a wrapper around webpack, but I don’t think it quite gets to the same point of simplicity as the quoted tweet.
-
-8\. Re-rendering optimizations worked out for you
-
-In Vue, you don’t have to manually state which parts of the DOM should be re-rendered. I never was a fan of the management on react components, such as ‘shouldComponentUpdate’ in order to stop the whole DOM tree re-rendering. Vue is smart about this.
-
-9\. Easy to get help
-
-Vue has reached a critical mass of developers using the framework to build a wide variety of applications. The documentation is very good. Should you need further help, there are multiple channels available with many active users: stackoverflow, discord, twitter etc. — this should give you some more confidence in building an application over some other frameworks with less users.
-
-10\. Not maintained by a single corporation
-
-I think it’s a good thing for an open source library to not have the voting rights of its direction steered too much by a single corporation. Issues such as the react licensing issue (now resolved) are not something Vue has had to deal with.
-
-In summary, I think Vue is an excellent choice for whatever JavaScript project you might be starting next. The available ecosystem is larger than I covered in this blog post. For a more full-stack offering you could look at Nuxt.js. And if you want some re-usable styled components you could look at something like Vuetify. Vue has been one of the fastest growing frameworks of 2017 and I predict the growth is not going to slow down for 2018\. If you have a spare 30 minutes, why not dip your toes in and see what Vue has to offer for yourself?
-
-P.S. — The documentation gives you a great comparison to other frameworks here: [https://vuejs.org/v2/guide/comparison.html][1]
-
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-via: https://medium.com/@dalaidunc/10-things-i-love-about-vue-505886ddaff2
-
-作者：[Duncan Grant ][a]
-译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
-校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
-
-本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
-
-[a]:https://medium.com/@dalaidunc
-[1]:https://vuejs.org/v2/guide/comparison.html
\ No newline at end of file

From 2fa4c6b18db1f12be1ca99fa359e2b1b42aec389 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: yizhuyan <yizhuoyan@hotmail.com>
Date: Sat, 24 Feb 2018 14:38:55 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 07/12] Update 20171204 5 Tips to Improve Technical Writing for
 an International Audience.md
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

申请翻译
---
 ...o Improve Technical Writing for an International Audience.md | 2 ++
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+)

diff --git a/sources/tech/20171204 5 Tips to Improve Technical Writing for an International Audience.md b/sources/tech/20171204 5 Tips to Improve Technical Writing for an International Audience.md
index 1b3ab61fb4..f13a04cb49 100644
--- a/sources/tech/20171204 5 Tips to Improve Technical Writing for an International Audience.md	
+++ b/sources/tech/20171204 5 Tips to Improve Technical Writing for an International Audience.md	
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+translating by yizhuoyan
+
 5 Tips to Improve Technical Writing for an International Audience
 ============================================================
 

From 774e008bb2f9221fd66c5dd6b2a01ba2d13d1593 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: darksun <lujun9972@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 24 Feb 2018 15:17:23 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 08/12] =?UTF-8?q?=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98:=20How=20to=20enable?=
 =?UTF-8?q?=20repository=20using=20subscription-manager=20in=20RHEL?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

---
 ...tory using subscription-manager in RHEL.md | 217 ++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 217 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 sources/tech/20180220 How to enable repository using subscription-manager in RHEL.md

diff --git a/sources/tech/20180220 How to enable repository using subscription-manager in RHEL.md b/sources/tech/20180220 How to enable repository using subscription-manager in RHEL.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a473a3dfc9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sources/tech/20180220 How to enable repository using subscription-manager in RHEL.md	
@@ -0,0 +1,217 @@
+How to enable repository using subscription-manager in RHEL
+======
+Learn how to enable repository using subscription-manager in RHEL. Article also includes steps to register system with Red Hat, attach subscription and errors along with resolutions.
+
+![Enable repository using subscription-manager][1]
+
+In this article we will walk you through step by step process to enable Red Hat repository in RHEL fresh installed server.
+
+Repository can be enabled using `subscription-manager` command like below –
+
+```
+root@kerneltalks # subscription-manager repos --enable rhel-6-server-rhv-4-agent-beta-debug-rpms
+Error: 'rhel-6-server-rhv-4-agent-beta-debug-rpms' does not match a valid repository ID. Use "subscription-manager repos --list" to see valid repositories.
+
+```
+You will see above error when your subscription is not in place. Lets go through step by step procedure to enable repositories via `subscription-manager`
+
+##### Step 1 : Register your system with Red Hat
+
+We are considering you have freshly installed system and its not yet registered with Red Hat. If you have registered system already then you can ignore this step.
+
+You can check if your system is registered with Red Hat for subscription using below command –
+
+```
+# subscription-manager version
+server type: This system is currently not registered.
+subscription management server: Unknown
+subscription management rules: Unknown
+subscription-manager: 1.18.10-1.el6
+python-rhsm: 1.18.6-1.el6
+
+```
+Here, in first line of output you can see system is not registered. So, lets start with registering system. You need to use `subscription-manager` command with `register` switch. You need to use your Red Hat account credentials here.
+
+```
+root@kerneltalks # subscription-manager register
+Registering to: subscription.rhsm.redhat.com:443/subscription
+Username: admin@kerneltalks.com
+Password:
+Network error, unable to connect to server. Please see /var/log/rhsm/rhsm.log for more information.
+```
+
+If you are getting above error then your server is not able to reach RedHat. Check internet connection & if you are able to [resolve site name][2]s. Sometimes even if you are able to ping subscription server, you will see this error. This might be because of you have proxy server in your environment. In such case, you need to add its details in file `/etc/rhsm/rhsm.conf`. Below proxy details should be populated :
+
+```
+# an http proxy server to use
+ proxy_hostname =
+ 
+# port for http proxy server
+ proxy_port =
+ 
+# user name for authenticating to an http proxy, if needed
+ proxy_user =
+ 
+# password for basic http proxy auth, if needed
+ proxy_password =
+ 
+```
+
+Once you are done, recheck if `subscription-manager` taken up new proxy details by using below command –
+
+```
+root@kerneltalks # subscription-manager config
+[server]
+ hostname = [subscription.rhsm.redhat.com]
+ insecure = [0]
+ port = [443]
+ prefix = [/subscription]
+ proxy_hostname = [kerneltalksproxy.abc.com]
+ proxy_password = [asdf]
+ proxy_port = [3456]
+ proxy_user = [user2]
+ server_timeout = [180]
+ ssl_verify_depth = [3]
+
+[rhsm]
+ baseurl = [https://cdn.redhat.com]
+ ca_cert_dir = [/etc/rhsm/ca/]
+ consumercertdir = [/etc/pki/consumer]
+ entitlementcertdir = [/etc/pki/entitlement]
+ full_refresh_on_yum = [0]
+ manage_repos = [1]
+ pluginconfdir = [/etc/rhsm/pluginconf.d]
+ plugindir = [/usr/share/rhsm-plugins]
+ productcertdir = [/etc/pki/product]
+ repo_ca_cert = /etc/rhsm/ca/redhat-uep.pem
+ report_package_profile = [1]
+
+[rhsmcertd]
+ autoattachinterval = [1440]
+ certcheckinterval = [240]
+
+[logging]
+ default_log_level = [INFO]
+
+[] - Default value in use
+```
+
+Now, try registering your system again.
+
+```
+root@kerneltalks # subscription-manager register
+Registering to: subscription.rhsm.redhat.com:443/subscription
+Username: admin@kerneltalks.com
+Password:
+You must first accept Red Hat's Terms and conditions. Please visit https://www.redhat.com/wapps/tnc/termsack?event[]=signIn . You may have to log out of and back into the Customer Portal in order to see the terms.
+```
+
+You will see above error if you are adding server to your Red Hat account for the first time. Go to the [URL ][3]and accept the terms. Come back to terminal and try again.
+
+```
+oot@kerneltalks # subscription-manager register
+Registering to: subscription.rhsm.redhat.com:443/subscription
+Username: admin@kerneltalks.com
+Password:
+The system has been registered with ID: xxxxb2-xxxx-xxxx-xxxx-xx8e199xxx
+```
+
+Bingo! System is registered with Red Hat now. You can again verify it with `version` switch.
+
+```
+#subscription-managerversionservertype:RedHatSubscriptionManagementsubscriptionmanagementserver:2.0.43-1subscriptionmanagementrules:5.26subscription-manager:1.18.10-1.el6python-rhsm:1.18.6-1.el6" decode="true"  ]root@kerneltalks # subscription-manager version
+server type: Red Hat Subscription Management
+subscription management server: 2.0.43-1
+subscription management rules: 5.26
+subscription-manager: 1.18.10-1.el6
+python-rhsm: 1.18.6-1.el6
+```
+
+##### Step 2 : Attach subscription to your server
+
+First try to list repositories. You wont be able to list any since we haven’t attached any subscription to our server yet.
+
+```
+root@kerneltalks # subscription-manager repos --list
+This system has no repositories available through subscriptions.
+```
+
+As you can see `subscription-manager` couldn’t found any repositories, you need to attach subscriptions to your server. Once subscription is attached, `subscription-manager` will be able to list repositories under it.
+
+To attach subscription, first check all available subscriptions for your server with below command –
+
+```
+root@kerneltalks # subscription-manager list --available
++-------------------------------------------+
+Available Subscriptions
++-------------------------------------------+
+Subscription Name: Red Hat Enterprise Linux for Virtual Datacenters, Standard
+Provides: Red Hat Beta
+Red Hat Software Collections (for RHEL Server)
+Red Hat Enterprise Linux Atomic Host Beta
+Oracle Java (for RHEL Server)
+Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server
+dotNET on RHEL (for RHEL Server)
+Red Hat Enterprise Linux Atomic Host
+Red Hat Software Collections Beta (for RHEL Server)
+Red Hat Developer Tools Beta (for RHEL Server)
+Red Hat Developer Toolset (for RHEL Server)
+Red Hat Developer Tools (for RHEL Server)
+SKU: RH00050
+Contract: xxxxxxxx
+Pool ID: 8a85f98c6011059f0160110a2ae6000f
+Provides Management: Yes
+Available: Unlimited
+Suggested: 0
+Service Level: Standard
+Service Type: L1-L3
+Subscription Type: Stackable (Temporary)
+Ends: 12/01/2018
+System Type: Virtual
+```
+
+You will get list of such subscriptions available for your server. You need to read through what it provides and note down `Pool ID` of subscriptions which are useful/required for you.
+
+Now, attach subscriptions to your server by using pool ID.
+```
+# subscription-manager attach --pool=8a85f98c6011059f0160110a2ae6000f
+Successfully attached a subscription for: Red Hat Enterprise Linux for Virtual Datacenters, Standard
+```
+
+If you are not sure which one to pick, you can simple attach subscriptions automatically which are best suited for your server with below command –
+
+```
+root@kerneltalks # subscription-manager attach --auto
+Installed Product Current Status:
+Product Name: Red Hat Enterprise Linux Server
+Status: Subscribed
+```
+
+Move on to final step to enable repository.
+
+##### Step 3 : Enable repository
+
+Now you will be enable repository which is available under your attached subscription.
+
+```
+root@kerneltalks # subscription-manager repos --enable rhel-6-server-rhv-4-agent-beta-debug-rpms
+Repository 'rhel-6-server-rhv-4-agent-beta-debug-rpms' is enabled for this system.
+```
+
+Thats it. You are done. You can [list repositories with yum command][4] and confirm.
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+via: https://kerneltalks.com/howto/how-to-enable-repository-using-subscription-manager-in-rhel/
+
+作者：[kerneltalks][a]
+译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
+校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
+
+本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
+
+[a]:https://kerneltalks.com
+[1]:https://a2.kerneltalks.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/enable-repository-in-rhel.png
+[2]:https://kerneltalks.com/howto/how-to-configure-nameserver-in-linux/
+[3]:https://www.redhat.com/wapps/tnc/termsack?event%5B%5D=signIn
+[4]:https://kerneltalks.com/howto/how-to-list-yum-repositories-in-rhel-centos/

From 0e8ac8e2553291f0c452dc85da17fa0fa0846a11 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: MjSeven <33125422+MjSeven@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Sat, 24 Feb 2018 16:05:17 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 09/12] Update 20180220 How slowing down made me a better
 leader.md

---
 .../talk/20180220 How slowing down made me a better leader.md   | 2 ++
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+)

diff --git a/sources/talk/20180220 How slowing down made me a better leader.md b/sources/talk/20180220 How slowing down made me a better leader.md
index bd1b9c0749..f42b7a8e5e 100644
--- a/sources/talk/20180220 How slowing down made me a better leader.md	
+++ b/sources/talk/20180220 How slowing down made me a better leader.md	
@@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
+Translating by MjSeven
+
 How slowing down made me a better leader
 ======
 

From 996408fa9dc2fe1c3f4e70d2589ae4f506e01787 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: amwps290 <huangning290@126.com>
Date: Sat, 24 Feb 2018 16:37:12 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 10/12] Translating by amwps290

---
 ... Files To -Trash Can- Instead Of Removing Them Completely.md | 2 +-
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/sources/tech/20171016 Make -rm- Command To Move The Files To -Trash Can- Instead Of Removing Them Completely.md b/sources/tech/20171016 Make -rm- Command To Move The Files To -Trash Can- Instead Of Removing Them Completely.md
index 17c37f38a1..07bc511e88 100644
--- a/sources/tech/20171016 Make -rm- Command To Move The Files To -Trash Can- Instead Of Removing Them Completely.md	
+++ b/sources/tech/20171016 Make -rm- Command To Move The Files To -Trash Can- Instead Of Removing Them Completely.md	
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-Make “rm” Command To Move The Files To “Trash Can” Instead Of Removing Them Completely
+Make “rm” Command To Move The Files To “Trash Can” Instead Of Removing Them Completely  
 ======
 Human makes mistake because we are not a programmed devices so, take additional care while using `rm` command and don't use `rm -rf *` at any point of time. When you use rm command it will delete the files permanently and doesn't move those files to `Trash Can` like how file manger does.
 

From bbdb06b2475d205122163d1b53c2a60b6e987f73 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: darksun <lujun9972@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 24 Feb 2018 16:49:13 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 11/12] =?UTF-8?q?=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98:=20How=20Linux=20becam?=
 =?UTF-8?q?e=20my=20job?=
MIME-Version: 1.0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit

---
 .../talk/20180219 How Linux became my job.md  | 69 +++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 69 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 sources/talk/20180219 How Linux became my job.md

diff --git a/sources/talk/20180219 How Linux became my job.md b/sources/talk/20180219 How Linux became my job.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..83bf420691
--- /dev/null
+++ b/sources/talk/20180219 How Linux became my job.md	
@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+How Linux became my job
+======
+
+![](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/linux_penguin_green.png?itok=ENdVzW22)
+
+I've been using open source since what seems like prehistoric times. Back then, there was nothing called social media. There was no Firefox, no Google Chrome (not even a Google), no Amazon, barely an internet. In fact, the hot topic of the day was the new Linux 2.0 kernel. The big technical challenges in those days? Well, the [ELF format][1] was replacing the old [a.out][2] format in binary [Linux][3] distributions, and the upgrade could be tricky on some installs of Linux.
+
+How I transformed a personal interest in this fledgling young operating system to a [career][4] in open source is an interesting story.
+
+### Linux for fun, not profit
+
+I graduated from college in 1994 when computer labs were small networks of UNIX systems; if you were lucky they connected to this new thing called the internet. Hard to believe, I know! The "web" (as we knew it) was mostly handwritten HTML, and the `cgi-bin` directory was a new playground for enabling dynamic web interactions. Many of us were excited about these new technologies, and we taught ourselves shell scripting, [Perl][5], HTML, and all the terse UNIX commands that we had never seen on our parents' Windows 3.1 PCs.
+
+`vi` and `ls` and reading my email via
+
+After graduation, I joined IBM, working on a PC operating system with no access to UNIX systems, and soon my university cut off my remote access to the engineering lab. How was I going to keep usingandand reading my email via [Pine][6] ? I kept hearing about open source Linux, but I hadn't had time to look into it.
+
+In 1996, I was about to begin a master's degree program at the University of Texas at Austin. I knew it would involve programming and writing papers, and who knows what else, and I didn't want to use proprietary editors or compilers or word processors. I wanted my UNIX experience!
+
+So I took an old PC, found a Linux distribution—Slackware 3.0—and downloaded it, diskette after diskette, in my IBM office. Let's just say I've never looked back after that first install of Linux. In those early days, I learned a lot about makefiles and the `make` system, about building software, and about patches and source code control. Even though I started working with Linux for fun and personal knowledge, it ended up transforming my career.
+
+While I was a happy Linux user, I thought open source development was still other people's work; I imagined an online mailing list of mystical [UNIX][7] geeks. I appreciated things like the Linux HOWTO project for helping with the bumps and bruises I acquired trying to add packages, upgrade my Linux distribution, or install device drivers for new hardware or a new PC. But working with source code and making modifications or submitting them upstream … that was for other people, not me.
+
+### How Linux became my job
+
+In 1999, I finally had a reason to combine my personal interest in Linux with my day job at IBM. I took on a skunkworks project to port the IBM Java Virtual Machine (JVM) to Linux. To ensure we were legally safe, IBM purchased a shrink-wrapped, boxed copy of Red Hat Linux 6.1 to do this work. Working with the IBM Tokyo Research lab, which wrote our JVM just-in-time (JIT) compiler, and both the AIX JVM source code and the Windows & OS/2 JVM source code reference, we had a working JVM on Linux within a few weeks, beating the announcement of Sun's official Java on Linux port by several months. Now that I had done development on the Linux platform, I was sold on it.
+
+By 2000, IBM's use of Linux was growing rapidly. Due to the vision and persistence of [Dan Frye][8], IBM made a "[billion dollar bet][9]" on Linux, creating the Linux Technology Center (LTC) in 1999. Inside the LTC were kernel developers, open source contributors, device driver authors for IBM hardware, and all manner of Linux-focused open source work. Instead of remaining tangentially connected to the LTC, I wanted to be part of this exciting new area at IBM.
+
+From 2003 to 2013 I was deeply involved in IBM's Linux strategy and use of Linux distributions, culminating with having a team that became the clearinghouse for about 60 different product uses of Linux across every division of IBM. I was involved in acquisitions where it was an expectation that every appliance, management system, and virtual or physical appliance-based middleware ran Linux. I became well-versed in the construction of Linux distributions, including packaging, selecting upstream sources, developing distro-maintained patch sets, doing customizations, and offering support through our distro partners.
+
+Due to our downstream providers, I rarely got to submit patches upstream, but I got to contribute by interacting with [Ulrich Drepper][10] (including getting a small patch into glibc) and working on changes to the [timezone database][11], which Arthur David Olson accepted while he was maintaining it on the NIH FTP site. But I still hadn't worked as a regular contributor on an open source project as part of my work. It was time for that to change.
+
+In late 2013, I joined IBM's cloud organization in the open source group and was looking for an upstream community in which to get involved. Would it be our work on Cloud Foundry, or would I join IBM's large group of contributors to OpenStack? It was neither, because in 2014 Docker took the world by storm, and IBM asked a few of us to get involved with this hot new technology. I experienced many firsts in the next few months: using GitHub, [learning a lot more about Git][12] than just `git clone`, having pull requests reviewed, writing in Go, and more. Over the next year, I became a maintainer in the Docker engine project, working with Docker on creating the next version of the image specification (to support multiple architectures), and attending and speaking at conferences about container technology.
+
+### Where I am today
+
+Fast forward a few years, and I've become a maintainer of open source projects, including the Cloud Native Computing Foundation (CNCF) [containerd][13] project. I've also created projects (such as [manifest-tool][14] and [bucketbench][15]). I've gotten involved in open source governance via the Open Containers Initiative (OCI), where I'm now a member of the Technical Oversight Board, and the Moby Project, where I'm a member of the Technical Steering Committee. And I've had the pleasure of speaking about open source at conferences around the world, to meetup groups, and internally at IBM.
+
+Open source is now part of the fiber of my career at IBM. The connections I've made to engineers, developers, and leaders across the industry may rival the number of people I know and work with inside IBM. While open source has many of the same challenges as proprietary development teams and vendor partnerships have, in my experience the relationships and connections with people around the globe in open source far outweigh the difficulties. The sharpening that occurs with differing opinions, perspectives, and experiences can generate a culture of learning and improvement for both the software and the people involved.
+
+This journey—from my first use of Linux to becoming a leader, contributor, and maintainer in today's cloud-native open source world—has been extremely rewarding. I'm looking forward to many more years of open source collaboration and interactions with people around the globe.
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+via: https://opensource.com/article/18/2/my-open-source-story-phil-estes
+
+作者：[Phil Estes][a]
+译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
+校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
+
+本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
+
+[a]:https://opensource.com/users/estesp
+[1]:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executable_and_Linkable_Format
+[2]:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A.out
+[3]:https://opensource.com/node/19796
+[4]:https://opensource.com/node/25456
+[5]:https://opensource.com/node/35141
+[6]:https://opensource.com/article/17/10/alpine-email-client
+[7]:https://opensource.com/node/22781
+[8]:https://www.linkedin.com/in/danieldfrye/
+[9]:http://www-03.ibm.com/ibm/history/ibm100/us/en/icons/linux/
+[10]:https://www.linkedin.com/in/ulrichdrepper/
+[11]:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tz_database
+[12]:https://opensource.com/article/18/1/step-step-guide-git
+[13]:https://github.com/containerd/containerd
+[14]:https://github.com/estesp/manifest-tool
+[15]:https://github.com/estesp/bucketbench

From cded172fb0fbb55f731808e3f18556214f23311e Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: amwps290 <huangning290@126.com>
Date: Sat, 24 Feb 2018 17:28:45 +0800
Subject: [PATCH 12/12] Translating by amwps290

---
 ...e Files To -Trash Can- Instead Of Removing Them Completely.md | 1 +
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)

diff --git a/sources/tech/20171016 Make -rm- Command To Move The Files To -Trash Can- Instead Of Removing Them Completely.md b/sources/tech/20171016 Make -rm- Command To Move The Files To -Trash Can- Instead Of Removing Them Completely.md
index 07bc511e88..d63f75a1db 100644
--- a/sources/tech/20171016 Make -rm- Command To Move The Files To -Trash Can- Instead Of Removing Them Completely.md	
+++ b/sources/tech/20171016 Make -rm- Command To Move The Files To -Trash Can- Instead Of Removing Them Completely.md	
@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+amwps290 translating
 Make “rm” Command To Move The Files To “Trash Can” Instead Of Removing Them Completely  
 ======
 Human makes mistake because we are not a programmed devices so, take additional care while using `rm` command and don't use `rm -rf *` at any point of time. When you use rm command it will delete the files permanently and doesn't move those files to `Trash Can` like how file manger does.