diff --git a/sources/talk/20180219 How Linux became my job.md b/sources/talk/20180219 How Linux became my job.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..83bf420691 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/talk/20180219 How Linux became my job.md @@ -0,0 +1,69 @@ +How Linux became my job +====== + +![](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/linux_penguin_green.png?itok=ENdVzW22) + +I've been using open source since what seems like prehistoric times. Back then, there was nothing called social media. There was no Firefox, no Google Chrome (not even a Google), no Amazon, barely an internet. In fact, the hot topic of the day was the new Linux 2.0 kernel. The big technical challenges in those days? Well, the [ELF format][1] was replacing the old [a.out][2] format in binary [Linux][3] distributions, and the upgrade could be tricky on some installs of Linux. + +How I transformed a personal interest in this fledgling young operating system to a [career][4] in open source is an interesting story. + +### Linux for fun, not profit + +I graduated from college in 1994 when computer labs were small networks of UNIX systems; if you were lucky they connected to this new thing called the internet. Hard to believe, I know! The "web" (as we knew it) was mostly handwritten HTML, and the `cgi-bin` directory was a new playground for enabling dynamic web interactions. Many of us were excited about these new technologies, and we taught ourselves shell scripting, [Perl][5], HTML, and all the terse UNIX commands that we had never seen on our parents' Windows 3.1 PCs. + +`vi` and `ls` and reading my email via + +After graduation, I joined IBM, working on a PC operating system with no access to UNIX systems, and soon my university cut off my remote access to the engineering lab. How was I going to keep usingandand reading my email via [Pine][6] ? I kept hearing about open source Linux, but I hadn't had time to look into it. + +In 1996, I was about to begin a master's degree program at the University of Texas at Austin. I knew it would involve programming and writing papers, and who knows what else, and I didn't want to use proprietary editors or compilers or word processors. I wanted my UNIX experience! + +So I took an old PC, found a Linux distribution—Slackware 3.0—and downloaded it, diskette after diskette, in my IBM office. Let's just say I've never looked back after that first install of Linux. In those early days, I learned a lot about makefiles and the `make` system, about building software, and about patches and source code control. Even though I started working with Linux for fun and personal knowledge, it ended up transforming my career. + +While I was a happy Linux user, I thought open source development was still other people's work; I imagined an online mailing list of mystical [UNIX][7] geeks. I appreciated things like the Linux HOWTO project for helping with the bumps and bruises I acquired trying to add packages, upgrade my Linux distribution, or install device drivers for new hardware or a new PC. But working with source code and making modifications or submitting them upstream … that was for other people, not me. + +### How Linux became my job + +In 1999, I finally had a reason to combine my personal interest in Linux with my day job at IBM. I took on a skunkworks project to port the IBM Java Virtual Machine (JVM) to Linux. To ensure we were legally safe, IBM purchased a shrink-wrapped, boxed copy of Red Hat Linux 6.1 to do this work. Working with the IBM Tokyo Research lab, which wrote our JVM just-in-time (JIT) compiler, and both the AIX JVM source code and the Windows & OS/2 JVM source code reference, we had a working JVM on Linux within a few weeks, beating the announcement of Sun's official Java on Linux port by several months. Now that I had done development on the Linux platform, I was sold on it. + +By 2000, IBM's use of Linux was growing rapidly. Due to the vision and persistence of [Dan Frye][8], IBM made a "[billion dollar bet][9]" on Linux, creating the Linux Technology Center (LTC) in 1999. Inside the LTC were kernel developers, open source contributors, device driver authors for IBM hardware, and all manner of Linux-focused open source work. Instead of remaining tangentially connected to the LTC, I wanted to be part of this exciting new area at IBM. + +From 2003 to 2013 I was deeply involved in IBM's Linux strategy and use of Linux distributions, culminating with having a team that became the clearinghouse for about 60 different product uses of Linux across every division of IBM. I was involved in acquisitions where it was an expectation that every appliance, management system, and virtual or physical appliance-based middleware ran Linux. I became well-versed in the construction of Linux distributions, including packaging, selecting upstream sources, developing distro-maintained patch sets, doing customizations, and offering support through our distro partners. + +Due to our downstream providers, I rarely got to submit patches upstream, but I got to contribute by interacting with [Ulrich Drepper][10] (including getting a small patch into glibc) and working on changes to the [timezone database][11], which Arthur David Olson accepted while he was maintaining it on the NIH FTP site. But I still hadn't worked as a regular contributor on an open source project as part of my work. It was time for that to change. + +In late 2013, I joined IBM's cloud organization in the open source group and was looking for an upstream community in which to get involved. Would it be our work on Cloud Foundry, or would I join IBM's large group of contributors to OpenStack? It was neither, because in 2014 Docker took the world by storm, and IBM asked a few of us to get involved with this hot new technology. I experienced many firsts in the next few months: using GitHub, [learning a lot more about Git][12] than just `git clone`, having pull requests reviewed, writing in Go, and more. Over the next year, I became a maintainer in the Docker engine project, working with Docker on creating the next version of the image specification (to support multiple architectures), and attending and speaking at conferences about container technology. + +### Where I am today + +Fast forward a few years, and I've become a maintainer of open source projects, including the Cloud Native Computing Foundation (CNCF) [containerd][13] project. I've also created projects (such as [manifest-tool][14] and [bucketbench][15]). I've gotten involved in open source governance via the Open Containers Initiative (OCI), where I'm now a member of the Technical Oversight Board, and the Moby Project, where I'm a member of the Technical Steering Committee. And I've had the pleasure of speaking about open source at conferences around the world, to meetup groups, and internally at IBM. + +Open source is now part of the fiber of my career at IBM. The connections I've made to engineers, developers, and leaders across the industry may rival the number of people I know and work with inside IBM. While open source has many of the same challenges as proprietary development teams and vendor partnerships have, in my experience the relationships and connections with people around the globe in open source far outweigh the difficulties. The sharpening that occurs with differing opinions, perspectives, and experiences can generate a culture of learning and improvement for both the software and the people involved. + +This journey—from my first use of Linux to becoming a leader, contributor, and maintainer in today's cloud-native open source world—has been extremely rewarding. I'm looking forward to many more years of open source collaboration and interactions with people around the globe. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://opensource.com/article/18/2/my-open-source-story-phil-estes + +作者:[Phil Estes][a] +译者:[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译,[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]:https://opensource.com/users/estesp +[1]:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executable_and_Linkable_Format +[2]:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A.out +[3]:https://opensource.com/node/19796 +[4]:https://opensource.com/node/25456 +[5]:https://opensource.com/node/35141 +[6]:https://opensource.com/article/17/10/alpine-email-client +[7]:https://opensource.com/node/22781 +[8]:https://www.linkedin.com/in/danieldfrye/ +[9]:http://www-03.ibm.com/ibm/history/ibm100/us/en/icons/linux/ +[10]:https://www.linkedin.com/in/ulrichdrepper/ +[11]:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tz_database +[12]:https://opensource.com/article/18/1/step-step-guide-git +[13]:https://github.com/containerd/containerd +[14]:https://github.com/estesp/manifest-tool +[15]:https://github.com/estesp/bucketbench diff --git a/sources/talk/20180220 4 considerations when naming software development projects.md b/sources/talk/20180220 4 considerations when naming software development projects.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..1e1add0b68 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/talk/20180220 4 considerations when naming software development projects.md @@ -0,0 +1,91 @@ +4 considerations when naming software development projects +====== + +![](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/hello-name-sticker-badge-tag.png?itok=fAgbMgBb) + +Working on a new open source project, you're focused on the code—getting that great new idea released so you can share it with the world. And you'll want to attract new contributors, so you need a terrific **name** for your project. + +We've all read guides for creating names, but how do you go about choosing the right one? Keeping that cool science fiction reference you're using internally might feel fun, but it won't mean much to new users you're trying to attract. A better approach is to choose a name that's memorable to new users and developers searching for your project. + +Names set expectations. Your project's name should showcase its functionality in the ecosystem and explain to users what your story is. In the crowded open source software world, it's important not to get entangled with other projects out there. Taking a little extra time now, before sending out that big announcement, will pay off later. + +Here are four factors to keep in mind when choosing a name for your project. + +### What does your project's code do? + +Start with your project: What does it do? You know the code intimately—but can you explain what it does to a new developer? Can you explain it to a CTO or non-developer at another company? What kinds of problems does your project solve for users? + +Your project's name needs to reflect what it does in a way that makes sense to newcomers who want to use or contribute to your project. That means considering the ecosystem for your technology and understanding if there are any naming styles or conventions used for similar kinds of projects. Imagine that you're trying to evaluate someone else's project: Would the name be appealing to you? + +Any distribution channels you push to are also part of the ecosystem. If your code will be in a Linux distribution, [npm][1], [CPAN][2], [Maven][3], or in a Ruby Gem, you need to review any naming standards or common practices for that package manager. Review any similar existing names in that distribution channel, and get a feel for naming styles of other programs there. + +### Who are the users and developers you want to attract? + +The hardest aspect of choosing a new name is putting yourself in the shoes of new users. You built this project; you already know how powerful it is, so while your cool name may sound great, it might not draw in new people. You need a name that is interesting to someone new, and that tells the world what problems your project solves. + +Great names depend on what kind of users you want to attract. Are you building an [Eclipse][4] plugin or npm module that's focused on developers? Or an analytics toolkit that brings visualizations to the average user? Understanding your user base and the kinds of open source contributors you want to attract is critical. + +Great names depend on what kind of users you want to attract. + +Take the time to think this through. Who does your project most appeal to, and how can it help them do their job? What kinds of problems does your code solve for end users? Understanding the target user helps you focus on what users need, and what kind of names or brands they respond to. + +Take the time to think this through. Who does your project most appeal to, and how can it help them do their job? What kinds of problems does your code solve for end users? Understanding the target user helps you focus on what users need, and what kind of names or brands they respond to. + +When you're open source, this equation changes a bit—your target is not just users; it's also developers who will want to contribute code back to your project. You're probably a developer, too: What kinds of names and brands excite you, and what images would entice you to try out someone else's new project? + +Once you have a better feel of what users and potential contributors expect, use that knowledge to refine your names. Remember, you need to step outside your project and think about how the name would appeal to someone who doesn't know how amazing your code is—yet. Once someone gets to your website, does the name synchronize with what your product does? If so, move to the next step. + +### Who else is using similar names for software? + +Now that you've tried on a user's shoes to evaluate potential names, what's next? Figuring out if anyone else is already using a similar name. It sometimes feels like all the best names are taken—but if you search carefully, you'll find that's not true. + +The first step is to do a few web searches using your proposed name. Search for the name, plus "software", "open source", and a few keywords for the functionality that your code provides. Look through several pages of results for each search to see what's out there in the software world. + +The first step is to do a few web searches using your proposed name. + +Unless you're using a completely made-up word, you'll likely get a lot of hits. The trick is understanding which search results might be a problem. Again, put on the shoes of a new user to your project. If you were searching for this great new product and saw the other search results along with your project's homepage, would you confuse them? Are the other search results even software products? If your product solves a similar problem to other search results, that's a problem: Users may gravitate to an existing product instead of a new one. + +Unless you're using a completely made-up word, you'll likely get a lot of hits. The trick is understanding which search results might be a problem. Again, put on the shoes of a new user to your project. If you were searching for this great new product and saw the other search results along with your project's homepage, would you confuse them? Are the other search results even software products? If your product solves a similar problem to other search results, that's a problem: Users may gravitate to an existing product instead of a new one. + +Similar non-software product names are rarely an issue unless they are famous trademarks—like Nike or Red Bull, for example—where the companies behind them won't look kindly on anyone using a similar name. Using the same name as a less famous non-software product might be OK, depending on how big your project gets. + +### How big do you plan to grow your project? + +Are you building a new node module or command-line utility, but not planning a career around it? Is your new project a million-dollar business idea, and you're thinking startup? Or is it something in between? + +If your project is a basic developer utility—something useful that developers will integrate into their workflow—then you have enough data to choose a name. Think through the ecosystem and how a new user would see your potential names, and pick one. You don't need perfection, just a name you're happy with that seems right for your project. + +If you're planning to build a business around your project, use these tips to develop a shortlist of names, but do more vetting before announcing the winner. Use for a business or major project requires some level of registered trademark search, which is usually performed by a law firm. + +### Common pitfalls + +Finally, when choosing a name, avoid these common pitfalls: + + * Using an esoteric acronym. If new users don't understand the name, they'll have a hard time finding you. + + * Using current pop-culture references. If you want your project's appeal to last, pick a name that will last. + + * Failing to consider non-English speakers. Does the name have a specific meaning in another language that might be confusing? + + * Using off-color jokes or potentially unsavory references. Even if it seems funny to developers, it may fall flat for newcomers and turn away contributors. + + + + +Good luck—and remember to take the time to step out of your shoes and consider how a newcomer to your project will think of the name. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://opensource.com/article/18/2/choosing-project-names-four-key-considerations + +作者:[Shane Curcuru][a] +译者:[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译,[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]:https://opensource.com/users/shane-curcuru +[1]:https://www.npmjs.com/ +[2]:https://www.cpan.org/ +[3]:https://maven.apache.org/ +[4]:https://www.eclipse.org/ diff --git a/sources/talk/20180220 How slowing down made me a better leader.md b/sources/talk/20180220 How slowing down made me a better leader.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f42b7a8e5e --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/talk/20180220 How slowing down made me a better leader.md @@ -0,0 +1,55 @@ +Translating by MjSeven + +How slowing down made me a better leader +====== + +![](https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/BUSINESS_leadership_brand.png?itok=YW1Syk4S) + +Early in my career, I thought the most important thing I could do was act. If my boss said jump, my reply was "how high?" + +But as I've grown as a leader and manager, I've realized that the most important traits I can offer are [patience][1] and listening. This patience and listening means I'm focusing on what's really important. I'm decisive, so I do not hesitate to act. Yet I've learned that my actions are more impactful when I consider input from multiple sources and offer advice on what we should be doing—not simply reacting to an immediate request. + +Practicing open leadership involves cultivating the patience and listening skills I need to collaborate on the [best plan of action, not just the quickest one][2]. It also gives me the tools I need to explain [why I'm saying "no"][3] (or, perhaps, "not now") to someone, so I can lead with transparency and confidence. + +If you're in software development and practice scrum, then the following argument might resonate with you: The patience and listening a manager displays are as important as her skills in sprint planning and running the sprint demo. Forget about them, and you'll lessen the impact you're able to have. + +### A focus on patience + +Focus and patience do not always come easily. Often, I find myself sitting in meetings and filling my notebook with action items. My default action can be to think: "We can simply do x and y will improve!" Then I remember that things are not so linear. + +I need to think about the other factors that can influence a situation. Pausing to take in data from multiple people and resources helps me flesh out a strategy that our organization needs for long-term success. It also helps me identify those shorter-term milestones that should lead us to deliver the business results I'm responsible for producing. + +Here's a great example from a time when patience wasn't something I valued as I should have—and how that hurt my performance. When I was based on North Carolina, I worked with someone based in Arizona. We didn't use video conferencing technologies, so I didn't get to observe her body language when we talked. While I was responsible for delivering the results for the project I led, she was one of the two people tasked with making sure I had adequate support. + +For whatever reason, when I talked with this person, when she asked me to do something, I did it. She would be providing input on my performance evaluation, so I wanted to make sure she was happy. At the time, I didn't possess the maturity to know I didn't need to make her happy; my focus should have been on other performance indicators. I should have spent more time listening and collaborating with her instead of picking up the first "action item" and working on it while she was still talking. + +After six months on the job, this person gave me some tough feedback. I was angry and sad. Didn't I do everything she'd asked? I had worked long hours, nearly seven days a week for six months. How dare she criticize my performance? + +Then, after I had my moment of anger followed by sadness, I thought about what she said. Her feedback was on point. + +The patience and listening a manager displays are as important as her skills in sprint planning and running the sprint demo. + +She had concerns about the project, and she held me accountable because I was responsible. We worked through the issues, and I learned that vital lesson about how to lead: Leadership does not mean "get it done right now." Leadership means putting together a strategy, then communicating and implementing plans in support of the strategy. It also means making mistakes and learning from these hiccups. + +### Lesson learned + +In hindsight, I realize I could have asked more questions to better understand the intent of her feedback. I also could have pushed back if the guidance from her did not align with other input I was receiving. By having the patience to listen to the various sources giving me input about the project, synthesizing what I learned, and creating a coherent plan for action, I would have been a better leader. I also would have had more purpose driving the work I was doing. Instead of reacting to a single data point, I would have been implementing a strategic plan. I also would have had a better performance evaluation. + +I eventually had some feedback for her. Next time we worked together, I didn't want to hear the feedback after six months. I wanted to hear the feedback earlier and more often so I could learn from the mistakes sooner. An ongoing discussion about the work is what should happen on any team. + +As I mature as a manager and leader, I hold myself to the same standards I ask my team to meet: Plan, work the plan, and reflect. Repeat. Don't let a fire drill created by an external force distract you from the plan you need to implement. Breaking work into small increments builds in space for reflections and adjustments to the plan. As Daniel Goleman writes, "Directing attention toward where it needs to go is a primal task of leadership." Don't be afraid of meeting this challenge. + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://opensource.com/open-organization/18/2/open-leadership-patience-listening + +作者:[Angela Robertson][a] +译者:[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译,[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]:https://opensource.com/users/arobertson98 +[1]:https://opensource.com/open-organization/16/3/my-most-difficult-leadership-lesson +[2]:https://opensource.com/open-organization/16/3/fastest-result-isnt-always-best-result +[3]:https://opensource.com/open-organization/17/5/saying-no-open-organization diff --git a/sources/tech/20171016 Make -rm- Command To Move The Files To -Trash Can- Instead Of Removing Them Completely.md b/sources/tech/20171016 Make -rm- Command To Move The Files To -Trash Can- Instead Of Removing Them Completely.md index 17c37f38a1..d63f75a1db 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20171016 Make -rm- Command To Move The Files To -Trash Can- Instead Of Removing Them Completely.md +++ b/sources/tech/20171016 Make -rm- Command To Move The Files To -Trash Can- Instead Of Removing Them Completely.md @@ -1,4 +1,5 @@ -Make “rm” Command To Move The Files To “Trash Can” Instead Of Removing Them Completely +amwps290 translating +Make “rm” Command To Move The Files To “Trash Can” Instead Of Removing Them Completely ====== Human makes mistake because we are not a programmed devices so, take additional care while using `rm` command and don't use `rm -rf *` at any point of time. When you use rm command it will delete the files permanently and doesn't move those files to `Trash Can` like how file manger does. diff --git a/sources/tech/20171204 5 Tips to Improve Technical Writing for an International Audience.md b/sources/tech/20171204 5 Tips to Improve Technical Writing for an International Audience.md index 1b3ab61fb4..f13a04cb49 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20171204 5 Tips to Improve Technical Writing for an International Audience.md +++ b/sources/tech/20171204 5 Tips to Improve Technical Writing for an International Audience.md @@ -1,3 +1,5 @@ +translating by yizhuoyan + 5 Tips to Improve Technical Writing for an International Audience ============================================================ diff --git a/sources/tech/20180131 10 things I love about Vue.md b/sources/tech/20180131 10 things I love about Vue.md deleted file mode 100644 index 55b9007ce1..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/20180131 10 things I love about Vue.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,128 +0,0 @@ -10 things I love about Vue -============================================================ - -![](https://cdn-images-1.medium.com/max/1600/1*X4ipeKVYzmY2M3UPYgUYuA.png) - -I love Vue. When I first looked at it in 2016, perhaps I was coming from a perspective of JavaScript framework fatigue. I’d already had experience with Backbone, Angular, React, among others and I wasn’t overly enthusiastic to try a new framework. It wasn’t until I read a comment on hacker news describing Vue as the ‘new jquery’ of JavaScript, that my curiosity was piqued. Until that point, I had been relatively content with React — it is a good framework based on solid design principles centred around view templates, virtual DOM and reacting to state, and Vue also provides these great things. In this blog post, I aim to explore why Vue is the framework for me. I choose it above any other that I have tried. Perhaps you will agree with some of my points, but at the very least I hope to give you some insight into what it is like to develop modern JavaScript applications with Vue. - -1\. Minimal Template Syntax - -The template syntax which you are given by default from Vue is minimal, succinct and extendable. Like many parts of Vue, it’s easy to not use the standard template syntax and instead use something like JSX (there is even an official page of documentation about how to do this), but I don’t know why you would want to do that to be honest. For all that is good about JSX, there are some valid criticisms: by blurring the line between JavaScript and HTML, it makes it a bit too easy to start writing complex code in your template which should instead be separated out and written elsewhere in your JavaScript view code. - -Vue instead uses standard HTML to write your templates, with a minimal template syntax for simple things such as iteratively creating elements based on the view data. - -``` - - - - - -``` - - -I also like the short-bindings provided by Vue, ‘:’ for binding data variables into your template and ‘@’ for binding to events. It’s a small thing, but it feels nice to type and keeps your components succinct. - -2\. Single File Components - -When most people write Vue, they do so using ‘single file components’. Essentially it is a file with the suffix .vue containing up to 3 parts (the css, html and javascript) for each component. - -This coupling of technologies feels right. It makes it easy to understand each component in a single place. It also has the nice side effect of encouraging you to keep your code short for each component. If the JavaScript, CSS and HTML for your component is taking up too many lines then it might be time to modularise further. - -When it comes to the +``` + + +我也喜欢Vue提供的简短绑定语法,“:”用于在模板中绑定数据变量,“@”用于绑定事件。这是一个细节,但写起来很爽而且能够让你的组件代码简洁。 + +##2\. 单文件组件 + +大多数人使用Vue,都使用“单文件组件”。本质上就是一个.vue文件对应一个组件,其中包含三部分(CSS,HTML和JavaScript) + +这种技术结合是对的。它让人很容易理解每个组件在一个单独的地方,同时也非常好的鼓励了大家保持每个组件代码的简短。如果你的组件中JavaScript,CSS和HTML代码占了很多行,那么就到了进一步模块化的时刻了。 + +在使用Vue组件中的