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[translated]11 - The history of Android.md 新年快乐~~
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The history of Android
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The redesigned Dialer and Contacts pages.
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Photo by Ron Amadeo
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The rounded tabs in the contacts/dialer app were changed to a sharper, more mature-looking design. The dialer changed its name to "Phone" and the dial pad buttons changed from circles to rounded rectangles. Buttons for voicemail, call, and delete were placed at the bottom. This screen is a great example of Android’s lack of design consistency in the pre-3.0 days. Just on this screen, the tabs used sharp-cornered rectangles, the dial pad used rounded rectangles, and the sides of the bottom buttons were complete circles. It was a grab bag of UI widgets where no one ever tried to make anything match anything else.
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One of the new features in Android 2.0 was "Quick Contacts," which took the form of contact thumbnails that were added all over the OS. Tapping on them would bring up a list of shortcuts to contact that person through other apps. This didn't make as much sense in the contacts app, but in something like Google Talk, being able to tap on the contact thumbnail and call the person was very handy.
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Photo by Ron Amadeo
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Android 2.0 was finally equipped with all the on-screen buttons needed to answer and hang up a call without needing a hardware button, and the Droid took advantage of this and removed the now-redundant buttons from its design. Android’s solution to accept or reject calls was these left and right pull tabs. They work a lot like slide-to-unlock (and would later be used for slide-to-unlock)—a slide from the green button to the right would answer, and a slide from the red button to the left would reject the call. Once inside a call, it looked a lot like Android 1.6. All the options were still hidden behind the menu button.
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Someone completely phoned-in the art for the dialpad drawer. Instead of redrawing the number "5" button from Android 1.6, they just dropped in bold text that said "Dialpad" and called it a day.
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The Calculator and Browser.
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Photo by Ron Amadeo
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The calculator was revamped for the first time since its introduction in Android 0.9. The black glass balls were replaced with gradiented blue and black buttons. The crazy red on-press highlight of the old calculator was replaced with a more normal looking white outline.
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The browser's tiny website name bar grew into a full, functional address bar, along with a button for bookmarks. To save on screen real estate, the address bar was attached to the page, so the bar scrolled up with the rest of the page and left you with a full screen for reading. Android 1.6's unique magnifying rectangle zoom control and its associated buttons were tossed in favor of a much simpler double-tab-to-zoom gesture, and the browser could once again render arstechnica.com without crashing. There still wasn't pinch zoom.
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The camera with the settings drawer open, the flash settings, and the menu over top of the photo review screen.
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Photo by Ron Amadeo
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The camera app gained an entire drawer on the left side, which opened to reveal a ton of settings. The Motorola Droid was one of the first Android phones with an LED flash, so there was a setting for flash control, along with settings like scene mode, white balance, effects, picture size, and storage location (SD or Internal).
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On the photo review screen, Google pared down the menu button options. They were no longer redundant when compared to the on-screen options. With the extra room in the menu, all the options fit in the menu bar without needing a "more" button.
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The “accounts" page of the e-mail app, the new combined inbox, the account & sync page from the system settings, and the auto brightness setting.
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Photo by Ron Amadeo
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The e-mail app got a big functionality boost. The most important of which is that it finally supported Microsoft Exchange. The Android 2.0 version of Email finally separated the inbox and folder views instead of using the messy mashed-together view introduced in Android 1.0. Email even had a unified inbox that would weave all your messages together from different accounts.
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The inbox view put the generic Email app on even ground with the Gmail app. Combined inbox even trumped Gmail's functionality, which was an extremely rare occurrence. Email still felt like the unwanted stepchild to Gmail, though. It used the Gmail interface to view messages, which meant the inbox and folders used a black theme, and the message view oddly used a light theme.
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The bundled Facebook app had an awesome account sync feature, which would download contact pictures and information from the social network and seamlessly integrate it into the contacts app. Later down the road when Facebook and Google stopped being friends, [Google removed this feature][1]. The company said it didn't like the idea of sharing information with Facebook when Facebook wouldn't share information back, thus a better user experience lost out to company politics.
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(Sadly, we couldn't show off the Facebook app because it is yet another client that died at the hands of OAuth updates. It's no longer possible to sign in from a client this old.)
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The last picture shows the auto brightness control, which Android 2.0 was the first version to support. The Droid was equipped with an ambient light sensor, and tapping on the checkbox would make the brightness slider disappear and allow the device to automatically control the screen brightness.
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As the name would imply, Android 2.0 was Google's biggest update to date. Motorola and Verizon brought Android a slick-looking device with tons of ad dollars behind it, and for a time, “Droid" became a household name.
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### The Nexus One—enter the Google Phone ###
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In January 2010, the first Nexus device launched, appropriately called the "[Nexus One][2]". The device was a huge milestone for Google. It was the first phone designed and branded by the company, and Google planned to sell the device directly to consumers. The HTC-manufactured Nexus One had a 1GHz, single-core Qualcomm Snapdragon S1 SoC, 512MB of RAM, 512MB of storage, and a 3.7-inch AMOLED display.
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The Nexus One was meant to be a pure Android experience free of carrier meddling and crapware. Google directly controlled the updates. It was able to push software out to users as soon as it was done, rather than having to be approved by carriers, who slowed the process down and were not always eager to improve a phone customers already paid for.
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Google sold the Nexus One [directly over the Web][3], unlocked, contract-free, and at the full retail price of $529.99. While the Nexus One was also sold at T-Mobile stores on-contract for $179.99, Google wanted to change the way the cell phone industry worked in America with its online store. The idea was to pick the phone first and the carrier second, breaking the control the wireless oligarchy had over hardware in the United States.
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Google's retail revolution didn't work out though, and six months after the opening on the online phone store, Google shut the service down. Google cited the primary problem as low sales. In 2010, Internet shopping wasn't the commonplace thing it is today, and consumers weren't ready to spend $530 on a device they couldn’t first hold in their hands. The high price was also a limiting factor; smartphone shoppers were more used to paying $200 up front for devices and agreeing to a two-year contract. There was also the issue of the Motorola Droid, which came out only three months earlier and was not significantly slower. With the Droid’s huge marketing campaign and "iPhone Killer" hype, it already captured much of the same Android enthusiast market that the Nexus One was gunning for.
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While the Nexus One online sales experiment could be considered a failure, Google learned a lot. In 2012, it [relaunched its online store][4] as the "Devices" section on Google Play.
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----------
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[Ron Amadeo][a] / Ron is the Reviews Editor at Ars Technica, where he specializes in Android OS and Google products. He is always on the hunt for a new gadget and loves to rip things apart to see how they work.
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[@RonAmadeo][t]
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via: http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2014/06/building-android-a-40000-word-history-of-googles-mobile-os/11/
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[1]:http://techcrunch.com/2011/02/22/google-android-facebook-contacts/
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[2]:http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2010/01/nexus-one-review/
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[3]:http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2010/01/googles-big-news-today-was-not-a-phone-but-a-url/
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[4]:http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2012/04/unlocked-samsung-galaxy-nexus-can-now-be-purchased-from-google/
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[a]:http://arstechnica.com/author/ronamadeo
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[t]:https://twitter.com/RonAmadeo
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安卓编年史
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重新设计的拨号和联系人页面。
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Ron Amadeo供图
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联系人/拨号应用程序的圆角标签拥有了更清晰，更成熟的外观设计。拨号器更名为“电话”，并且拨号按键从圆形改为了圆角矩形。语音邮件，拨号，以及删除的按键被放置在底部。这个界面是安卓在3.0之前缺乏设计一致性的一个很好的例子。仅仅在这个界面上，标签用的是直角矩形，拨号按键使用圆角矩形，底部按键两侧合起来是个完整的圆。这里就像是个UI控件的摸奖袋，没有人尝试过让它们之间相互搭配。
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安卓2.0的一个新特性是“快速拨号”，它将联系人以略缩图的形式添加到整个系统。从其它应用中点击它们可以打开一个联系这个人的快捷方式列表。这在联系人里并没有多大意义，但像在Google Talk中，能够通过点击某人的略缩图来给他拨号是十分方便的。
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Ron Amadeo供图
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安卓2.0终于配备了接通和拒绝来电所需要的所有屏幕按键，而不再需要实体按钮，Droid从中获益，从它的设计中除去了在现在看来是多余的按钮。安卓对于接通和拒绝来电的解决方案是这些左滑和右滑的标签。他们的工作方式就像是滑动解锁（后来被用到了滑动解锁中）——向右滑动绿色按钮接通来电，向左滑动红色按钮则是拒绝。一旦进入通话中，它看起来就很像安卓1.6了。所有选项还是隐藏在菜单按钮之中。
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某人在设计拨号界面的时候一定在煲电话粥。他们只是去掉了“拨号盘”上字母的粗体，而不是从安卓1.6中重新绘制数字“5”的按键，然后就这么收工了。
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计算器和浏览器。
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Ron Amadeo供图
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计算器从在安卓0.9中被引入以来第一次得到改进。黑色玻璃球按钮换成了渐变色的蓝色和黑色的按钮。旧版计算器点击状态疯狂的红色高亮被改为了一个比较正常的白色轮廓。
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浏览器的微型网站名称栏改进为一个完整的，功能更完善的地址栏，并且带有书签按钮。为了节省屏幕空间，地址栏被附加到网页上，所以地址栏会随着页面向上滚动，给你留下更多的网页阅读空间。安卓1.6独特的缩放控制和附加按钮被去除，被替换为一个更简单的双击缩放手势，并且浏览器可以再次打开arstechnica.com而不崩溃。这里还是没有双指捏合缩放。
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打开设置的相机，闪光灯设置，以及查看照片界面的菜单。
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Ron Amadeo供图
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相机应用获得整个左侧的抽屉式菜单，打开它有许多设置。摩托罗拉Droid是第一款带有LED闪光灯的安卓手机之一，所以设置里有个闪光灯控制，以及还有像场景模式，白平衡，效果，图片尺寸和存储位置（SD卡或内置存储）的设置。
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在照片查看界面，谷歌精简了菜单按钮。和屏幕上的选项相比，它们之间不再有重复的选项。这样精简后省下的空间，使得所有的选项能够在菜单里放得下了，而不再需要一个“更多”按钮。
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电子邮件应用的“帐户”页面，新的联合收件箱，系统设置的帐户与同步页面，自动亮度设置。
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Ron Amadeo供图
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电子邮件应用程序有个大的功能提升。最重要的是它终于支持了Microsoft Exchange。安卓2.0版本的电子邮件中收件箱和文件夹视图终于分开了，而不是使用安卓1.0引入的凌乱的混合视图。电子邮件甚至有了一个统一的收件箱，可以将你不同账户的所有邮件显示到一起。
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这个收件箱视图和Gmail一起，把普通的电子邮件应用打趴下了。联合收件箱甚至胜过了Gmail的功能，这是极其罕见的。尽管如此，相对于Gmail来说，电子邮件仍然感觉像个多余的继女。它使用了Gmail界面来查看邮件，这意味着收件箱和文件夹使用了黑色主题，查看邮件却奇怪地选择了亮色主题。
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捆绑的Facebook应用程序有一个很棒的账户同步功能，它可以从社交网络上下载联系人的照片和信息，并无缝集成到联系人应用里。后来Facebook和谷歌分道扬镳，[谷歌取消了这一功能][1]。谷歌表示，在Facebook不向其共享信息的情况下，与Facebook分享信息并不是什么好想法，因此更好的用户体验败给了公司间的政治斗争。
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（不幸的是，我们无法展示Facebook应用，因为它也是死在OAuth更新手中的客户端之一。现在不可能从像这么老旧的应用上登录了。）
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最后一张图片显示了自动亮度控制，安卓2.0是第一个支持这一功能的版本。Droid配备了光线传感器，点击该复选框，会使亮度滑块消失，并且允许设备自动控制屏幕亮度。
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正如它的名字所暗示的那样，安卓2.0是谷歌有史以来最大的更新。摩托罗拉和威瑞森给安卓带来了一个外形酷炫的设备，并在广告上投入了数不清的资金。之后的一段时间里，“Droid”成为了一个家喻户晓的名字。
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### The Nexus One——迎来Google Phone ###
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2010年1月，第一款Nexus设备发布，称为“[Nexus One][2]”。对谷歌来说，这部设备是个巨大的里程碑。这是第一部由谷歌设计并冠名的设备，而且谷歌计划直接向消费者出售设备。宏达电代工的Nexus One拥有1GHz的单核高通骁龙S1处理器，512MB的内存，512MB存储空间，以及一块3.7英寸的AMOLED显示屏。
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Nexus One注定拥有纯净的安卓体验，没有运营商的定制和应用植入。谷歌直接控制安卓的更新。这使得谷歌能够在软件完成时直接向用户进行推送， 而不是再经过运营商的许可。运营商总是拖慢这一过程，因为他们对用户已经付过钱手机并不总是那么热切地想要改善它们。
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谷歌[直接在网上][3]销售Nexus One，无锁，无合约，完整零售价529.99美元。尽管同样的Nexus One在T-Mobile商店的合约价仅为179.99美元，谷歌想通过它的在线商店改变美国手机行业的运作方式。谷歌当时的想法是先挑选手机，再选择运营商，以此打破美国无线寡头对硬件的控制。
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但谷歌的零售革命并没有奏效，在在线手机商店开通半年后，谷歌关闭了该服务。谷歌指出首要问题是销量低。在2010年，网上购物并不像今天这样司空见惯，消费者也还没有准备好在他们不能先握在自己手中试用的设备上花费530美元。高昂的价格也是一个制约因素；智能手机消费者更习惯于为眼前的设备花费200美元，并签署一项为期两年的合同。还有摩托罗拉Droid的因素，相比之下这部三个月前发布的设备并没有显著的不足。还由于Droid的庞大的营销活动和“iPhone杀手”的炒作，它已经夺取了大多数Nexus One面向的安卓发烧友市场。
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尽管Nexus One的网上销售尝试可以被认为是失败的，谷歌还是从中学到了很多。2012年，谷歌以Google Play的“设备”板块[重新推出其网上商店][4]。
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[Ron Amadeo][a] / Ron是Ars Technica的评论编缉，专注于安卓系统和谷歌产品。他总是在追寻新鲜事物，还喜欢拆解事物看看它们到底是怎么运作的。
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[@RonAmadeo][t]
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via: http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2014/06/building-android-a-40000-word-history-of-googles-mobile-os/11/
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译者：[alim0x](https://github.com/alim0x) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[1]:http://techcrunch.com/2011/02/22/google-android-facebook-contacts/
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[2]:http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2010/01/nexus-one-review/
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[3]:http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2010/01/googles-big-news-today-was-not-a-phone-but-a-url/
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[4]:http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2012/04/unlocked-samsung-galaxy-nexus-can-now-be-purchased-from-google/
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[a]:http://arstechnica.com/author/ronamadeo
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[t]:https://twitter.com/RonAmadeo
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