diff --git a/sources/tech/20230221.0 ⭐️ Making Directories in Linux Terminal.md b/sources/tech/20230221.0 ⭐️ Making Directories in Linux Terminal.md deleted file mode 100644 index fb21aa9336..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/20230221.0 ⭐️ Making Directories in Linux Terminal.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,144 +0,0 @@ -[#]: subject: "Making Directories in Linux Terminal" -[#]: via: "https://itsfoss.com/make-directories/" -[#]: author: "Abhishek Prakash https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/" -[#]: collector: "lkxed" -[#]: translator: "geekpi" -[#]: reviewer: " " -[#]: publisher: " " -[#]: url: " " - -Making Directories in Linux Terminal -====== - -In the [previous chapter][1] of the Terminal Basics series, you learned about changing folders in the Linux command line. - -I gave an exercise at the end that briefly mentioned making directories. - -In this part of the series, I'll discuss how you can make new folders in the Linux command line using the mkdir command. - -``` -mkdir dir_name -``` - -mkdir is short of make directories. Let's see about using this command. - -📋 - -In case you didn't know, folders are called directories in Linux. - -### Making a new directory in Linux - -You should be familiar with the [concept of absolute and relative paths in Linux][2] by now. If not, please refer to this tutorial. - -Absolute vs Relative Path in Linux: What’s the Difference?In this essential Linux learning chapter, know about the relative and absolute paths in Linux. What’s the difference between them and which one should you use.![][3]Linux HandbookAbhishek Prakash![][4] - -Open the terminal on your system if it is not already opened. Normally, you start with your home directory (/home/username). But for the sake of this tutorial and to recall a couple of things, I presume you are not in your home directory. - -So, change to your home directory first. - -``` -cd -``` - -Yes. If you simply enter cd without any options and arguments, it takes you to your home directory. You could also use `cd ~` among other methods. - -Here, make a new directory called practice. - -``` -mkdir practice -``` - -Can you switch to this newly created practice directory? - -``` -cd practice -``` - -Great! Now you have a dedicated folder where you'll practice the Linux command line tutorials in this series. - -![Example of making new directory in Linux][5] - -### Creating multiple new directories - -You just created a new directory. What if you have to create more than one? Let's say three of them. - -You may use the mkdir command three times in a row for each of them. It will work. However, it is not really needed. You can save time and effort by creating multiple directories at the same time like this: - -``` -mkdir dir1 dir2 dir3 -``` - -Go on and do that please. You can list the contents of the `practice` directory to see all the newly created directories. More on the ls command later. - -![Create multiple new directories in Linux with mkdir command][6] - -💡 - -You cannot have two folders or files of the same name in the same location. - -### Making multiple nested subdirectories - -So, you now know about creating multiple directories at once. - -But what if you have to create a nested directory structure? Let's say that you have to create a directory subdir2 inside subdir1 inside dir1. - -``` -dir1/subdir1/subdir2 -``` - -The problem here is that subdir1 does not exist. So if you try `mkdir dir1/subdir1/subdir32, you'll get an error: - -``` -[email protected]:~/practice$ mkdir dir1/subdir1/subdir2 -mkdir: cannot create directory ‘dir1/subdir1/subdir2’: No such file or directory -``` - -If you didn't know better, you would go for `mkdir dir1/subdir1` and then run `mkdir dir1/subdir2`. That will work. However, there is a much better way. - -You use the `-p` option, which makes parent directories if needed. If you run the command below: - -``` -mkdir -p dir1/subdir1/subdir2 -``` - -It will create subdir1 and then subdir2 inside subdir1. - -> 💡 There is no naming convention, but it is better to avoid spaces in file and directory names. Use underscore or dash instead because handling spaces in file/directory names requires special effort. - -### Test your knowledge - -This is rather a short tutorial because the mkdir command has only a few options. - -Now, let me give you some practice exercises to utilize the `practice` directory you had created earlier. - -- Without entering the `dir2` directory, create two new subdirectories in it. -- Without entering the `dir3` directory, create two-level nested subdirectories (subdir1/subdir2) -- Change to the dir2 directory. From here, create a directory named temp_stuff in your home directory. Don't worry; we will delete it later in this tutorial series. -- Go back to the parent `practice` directory and try to create a directory named `dir3`. You see an error. Can you make it go away with the `-p` option? - -You can [discuss this exercise in the community forum][7]. - -In the next chapter of the Terminal Basics series, you'll learn about listing the contents of a directory with the ls command. - -Do let me know if you have questions or suggestions. - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: https://itsfoss.com/make-directories/ - -作者：[Abhishek Prakash][a] -选题：[lkxed][b] -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/ -[b]: https://github.com/lkxed/ -[1]: https://itsfoss.com/change-directories/ -[2]: https://linuxhandbook.com/absolute-vs-relative-path/ -[3]: https://linuxhandbook.com/content/images/size/w256h256/2021/08/Linux-Handbook-New-Logo.png -[4]: https://linuxhandbook.com/content/images/2021/04/absolute-relative-path-linux.png -[5]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/make-directory-example.svg -[6]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/create-multiple-directories-linux.png -[7]: https://itsfoss.community/t/exercise-in-making-directories-in-linux-terminal/10227 diff --git a/sources/tech/20230222.0 ⭐️⭐️ NixOS Series 1 Why Should You Consider Using NixOS.md b/sources/tech/20230222.0 ⭐️⭐️ NixOS Series 1 Why Should You Consider Using NixOS.md index 39f202bd8b..0d7d1b316b 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20230222.0 ⭐️⭐️ NixOS Series 1 Why Should You Consider Using NixOS.md +++ b/sources/tech/20230222.0 ⭐️⭐️ NixOS Series 1 Why Should You Consider Using NixOS.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ [#]: via: "https://itsfoss.com/why-use-nixos/" [#]: author: "Sagar Sharma https://itsfoss.com/author/sagar/" [#]: collector: "lkxed" -[#]: translator: " " +[#]: translator: "geekpi" [#]: reviewer: " " [#]: publisher: " " [#]: url: " " diff --git a/translated/tech/20230221.0 ⭐️ Making Directories in Linux Terminal.md b/translated/tech/20230221.0 ⭐️ Making Directories in Linux Terminal.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..d00679c6ff --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/20230221.0 ⭐️ Making Directories in Linux Terminal.md @@ -0,0 +1,140 @@ +[#]: subject: "Making Directories in Linux Terminal" +[#]: via: "https://itsfoss.com/make-directories/" +[#]: author: "Abhishek Prakash https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: "geekpi" +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +在 Linux 终端中创建目录 +====== + +在终端基础系列的[上一章][1]中，你学到了在 Linux 命令行中改变文件夹的知识。 + +我在最后给出了一个练习，简单地提到了创建目录。 + +在本系列的这一部分，我将讨论如何使用 mkdir 命令在 Linux 命令行中建立新的文件夹。 + +``` +mkdir dir_name +``` + +mkdir 是 make directories 的简称。让我们来看看这个命令的使用情况。 + +📋 + +如果你不知道，文件夹在 Linux 中被称为目录。 + +### 在 Linux 中创建一个新目录 + +你现在应该已经熟悉了[Linux中绝对路径和相对路径的概念][2]。如果没有，请参考本教程。 + +如果你的系统还没有打开终端，请打开它。通常情况下，你从主目录（/home/username）开始。但为了本教程和回忆一些事情，我假定你不在你的主目录中。 + +所以，先换到你的主目录。 + +``` +cd +``` + +是的，如果你简单地输入 cd，没有任何选项和参数，它就会把你带到你的主目录。你也可以使用 `cd ~` 等方法。 + +在这里，建立一个新的目录，叫做 practice。 + +``` +mkdir practice +``` + +你能切换到这个新建立的 practice 目录吗？ + +``` +cd practice +``` + +很好! 现在你有了一个专门的文件夹，你将在这里练习本系列中的 Linux 命令行教程。 + +![Example of making new directory in Linux][5] + +### 创建多个新目录 + +你刚刚创建了一个新的目录。如果你要创建不止一个呢？比方说，有三个。 + +你可以对每个目录连续使用三次 mkdir 命令。这将会起作用。然而，这并不是真的需要。你可以像这样同时创建多个目录来节省时间和精力： + +``` +mkdir dir1 dir2 dir3 +``` + +请继续这样做吧。你可以列出 `practice` 目录的内容，查看所有新创建的目录。以后会有更多关于 ls 命令的内容。 + +![Create multiple new directories in Linux with mkdir command][6] + +💡 + +你不能在同一地方有两个同名的文件夹或文件。 + +### 创建多个嵌套的子目录 + +你现在知道了一次创建多个目录的方法。 + +但是，如果你要创建一个嵌套的目录结构呢？比方说，你必须在 dir1 里面的 subdir1 里面创建一个目录 subdir2。 + +``` +dir1/subdir1/subdir2 +``` + +这里的问题是 subdir1 并不存在。所以如果你尝试 `mkdir dir1/subdir1/subdir32`，你会得到一个错误： + +``` +[email protected]:~/practice$ mkdir dir1/subdir1/subdir2 +mkdir: cannot create directory ‘dir1/subdir1/subdir2’: No such file or directory +``` + +如果你不知道的话，你会选择 `mkdir dir1/subdir1`，然后运行 `mkdir dir1/subdir2`。这将会起作用。然而，有一个更好的方法。 + +你使用`-p`选项，它会在需要时创建父目录。如果你运行下面的命令： + +``` +mkdir -p dir1/subdir1/subdir2 +``` + +它将创建subdir1，然后在subdir1里面创建subdir2。 + +> 💡 没有命名惯例，但最好在文件和目录名中避免空格。使用下划线或破折号代替，因为处理文件/目录名中的空格需要额外精力。 + +### 测试你的知识 + +这是一个相当简短的教程，因为mkdir命令只有几个选项。 + +现在，让我给你一些实践练习，以利用你先前创建的 `practice` 目录。 + +- 不进入 `dir2` 目录，在其中创建两个新的子目录。 +- 不进入 `dir3` 目录，创建两级嵌套子目录（subdir1/subdir2） +- 进入 dir2 目录。在这里，在你的主目录下创建一个名为 temp_stuff 的目录。不要担心，我们将在本系列教程的后面删除它。 +- 回到父目录 `practice`，尝试创建一个名为 `dir3` 的目录。你看到一个错误。你能用 `-p` 选项使它消失吗？ + +你可以[在社区论坛讨论这个练习][7]。 + +在终端基础系列的下一章中，你将学习如何用 ls 命令列出一个目录的内容。 + +如果你有问题或建议，请告诉我。 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://itsfoss.com/make-directories/ + +作者：[Abhishek Prakash][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/ +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed/ +[1]: https://itsfoss.com/change-directories/ +[2]: https://linuxhandbook.com/absolute-vs-relative-path/ +[5]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/make-directory-example.svg +[6]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/02/create-multiple-directories-linux.png +[7]: https://itsfoss.community/t/exercise-in-making-directories-in-linux-terminal/10227