diff --git a/published/20180530 How To Add, Enable And Disable A Repository In Linux.md b/published/20180530 How To Add, Enable And Disable A Repository In Linux.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..46bc12dd74 --- /dev/null +++ b/published/20180530 How To Add, Enable And Disable A Repository In Linux.md @@ -0,0 +1,431 @@ +如何在 CentOS 中添加、启用和禁用一个仓库 +====== + +在基于 RPM 的系统上，例如 RHEL、CentOS 等，我们中的许多人使用 yum 包管理器来管理软件的安装、删除、更新、搜索等。 + +Linux 发行版的大部分软件都来自发行版官方仓库。官方仓库包含大量免费和开源的应用和软件。它很容易安装和使用。 + +由于一些限制和专有问题，基于 RPM 的发行版在其官方仓库中没有提供某些包。另外，出于稳定性考虑，它不会提供最新版本的核心包。 + +为了克服这种情况，我们需要安装或启用需要的第三方仓库。对于基于 RPM 的系统，有许多第三方仓库可用，但所建议使用的仓库很少，因为这些不会替换大量的基础包。 + +建议阅读： + +- [在 RHEL/CentOS 系统中使用 YUM 命令管理包][1] +- [在 Fedora 系统中使用 DNF (YUM 的分支) 命令来管理包][2] +- [命令行包管理器和用法列表][3] +- [Linux 包管理器的图形化工具][4] + +这可以在基于 RPM 的系统上完成，比如 RHEL, CentOS, OEL, Fedora 等。 + + * Fedora 系统使用 `dnf config-manager [options] [section …]` + * 其它基于 RPM 的系统使用 `yum-config-manager [options] [section …]` + +### 如何列出启用的仓库 + +只需运行以下命令即可检查系统上启用的仓库列表。 + +对于 CentOS/RHEL/OLE 系统： + +``` +# yum repolist +Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security +Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile +repo id repo name status +base CentOS-6 - Base 6,706 +extras CentOS-6 - Extras 53 +updates CentOS-6 - Updates 1,255 +repolist: 8,014 +``` + +对于 Fedora 系统： + +``` +# dnf repolist +``` + +### 如何在系统中添加一个新仓库 + +每个仓库通常都提供自己的 `.repo` 文件。要将此类仓库添加到系统中，使用 root 用户运行以下命令。在我们的例子中将添加 EPEL 仓库 和 IUS 社区仓库，见下文。 + +但是没有 `.repo` 文件可用于这些仓库。因此，我们使用以下方法进行安装。 + +对于 EPEL 仓库，因为它可以从 CentOS 额外仓库获得，所以运行以下命令来安装它。 + +``` +# yum install epel-release -y +``` + +对于 IUS 社区仓库，运行以下 bash 脚本来安装。 + +``` +# curl 'https://setup.ius.io/' -o setup-ius.sh +# sh setup-ius.sh +``` + +如果你有 `.repo` 文件，在 RHEL/CentOS/OEL 中，只需运行以下命令来添加一个仓库。 + +``` +# yum-config-manager --add-repo http://www.example.com/example.repo + +Loaded plugins: product-id, refresh-packagekit, subscription-manager +adding repo from: http://www.example.com/example.repo +grabbing file http://www.example.com/example.repo to /etc/yum.repos.d/example.repo +example.repo | 413 B 00:00 +repo saved to /etc/yum.repos.d/example.repo +``` + +对于 Fedora 系统，运行以下命令来添加一个仓库： + +``` +# dnf config-manager --add-repo http://www.example.com/example.repo +adding repo from: http://www.example.com/example.repo +``` + +如果在添加这些仓库之后运行 `yum repolist` 命令，你就可以看到新添加的仓库了。Yes，我看到了。 + +注意：每当运行 `yum repolist` 命令时，该命令会自动从相应的仓库获取更新，并将缓存保存在本地系统中。 + +``` +# yum repolist + +Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security +Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile +epel/metalink | 6.1 kB 00:00 +* epel: epel.mirror.constant.com +* ius: ius.mirror.constant.com +ius | 2.3 kB 00:00 +repo id repo name status +base CentOS-6 - Base 6,706 +epel Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 6 - x86_64 12,505 +extras CentOS-6 - Extras 53 +ius IUS Community Packages for Enterprise Linux 6 - x86_64 390 +updates CentOS-6 - Updates 1,255 +repolist: 20,909 +``` + +每个仓库都有多个渠道，比如测试（Testing）、开发（Dev）和存档（Archive）等。通过导航到仓库文件位置，你可以更好地理解这一点。 + +``` +# ls -lh /etc/yum.repos.d +total 64K +-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2.0K Apr 12 02:44 CentOS-Base.repo +-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 647 Apr 12 02:44 CentOS-Debuginfo.repo +-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 289 Apr 12 02:44 CentOS-fasttrack.repo +-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 630 Apr 12 02:44 CentOS-Media.repo +-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 916 May 18 11:07 CentOS-SCLo-scl.repo +-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 892 May 18 10:36 CentOS-SCLo-scl-rh.repo +-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 6.2K Apr 12 02:44 CentOS-Vault.repo +-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 7.9K Apr 12 02:44 CentOS-Vault.repo.rpmnew +-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 957 May 18 10:41 epel.repo +-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1.1K Nov 4 2012 epel-testing.repo +-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1.2K Feb 23 2017 ius-archive.repo +-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1.2K Feb 23 2017 ius-dev.repo +-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1.1K May 18 10:41 ius.repo +-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1.2K Feb 23 2017 ius-testing.repo +``` + +### 如何在系统中启用一个仓库 + +当你在默认情况下添加一个新仓库时，它将启用它们的稳定仓库，这就是为什么我们在运行 `yum repolist` 命令时获取了仓库信息。在某些情况下，如果你希望启用它们的测试、开发或存档仓库，使用以下命令。另外，我们还可以使用此命令启用任何禁用的仓库。 + +为了验证这一点，我们将启用 `epel-testing.repo`，运行下面的命令： + +``` +# yum-config-manager --enable epel-testing + +Loaded plugins: fastestmirror +==================================================================================== repo: epel-testing ===================================================================================== +[epel-testing] +bandwidth = 0 +base_persistdir = /var/lib/yum/repos/x86_64/6 +baseurl = +cache = 0 +cachedir = /var/cache/yum/x86_64/6/epel-testing +cost = 1000 +enabled = 1 +enablegroups = True +exclude = +failovermethod = priority +ftp_disable_epsv = False +gpgcadir = /var/lib/yum/repos/x86_64/6/epel-testing/gpgcadir +gpgcakey = +gpgcheck = True +gpgdir = /var/lib/yum/repos/x86_64/6/epel-testing/gpgdir +gpgkey = file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-6 +hdrdir = /var/cache/yum/x86_64/6/epel-testing/headers +http_caching = all +includepkgs = +keepalive = True +mdpolicy = group:primary +mediaid = +metadata_expire = 21600 +metalink = +mirrorlist = https://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/metalink?repo=testing-epel6&arch=x86_64 +mirrorlist_expire = 86400 +name = Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 6 - Testing - x86_64 +old_base_cache_dir = +password = +persistdir = /var/lib/yum/repos/x86_64/6/epel-testing +pkgdir = /var/cache/yum/x86_64/6/epel-testing/packages +proxy = False +proxy_dict = +proxy_password = +proxy_username = +repo_gpgcheck = False +retries = 10 +skip_if_unavailable = False +ssl_check_cert_permissions = True +sslcacert = +sslclientcert = +sslclientkey = +sslverify = True +throttle = 0 +timeout = 30.0 +username = +``` + +运行 `yum repolist` 命令来检查是否启用了 “epel-testing”。它被启用了，我可以从列表中看到它。 + +``` +# yum repolist +Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security +Determining fastest mirrors +epel/metalink | 18 kB 00:00 +epel-testing/metalink | 17 kB 00:00 + * epel: mirror.us.leaseweb.net + * epel-testing: mirror.us.leaseweb.net + * ius: mirror.team-cymru.com +base | 3.7 kB 00:00 +centos-sclo-sclo | 2.9 kB 00:00 +epel | 4.7 kB 00:00 +epel/primary_db | 6.0 MB 00:00 +epel-testing | 4.7 kB 00:00 +epel-testing/primary_db | 368 kB 00:00 +extras | 3.4 kB 00:00 +ius | 2.3 kB 00:00 +ius/primary_db | 216 kB 00:00 +updates | 3.4 kB 00:00 +updates/primary_db | 8.1 MB 00:00 ... +repo id repo name status +base CentOS-6 - Base 6,706 +centos-sclo-sclo CentOS-6 - SCLo sclo 495 +epel Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 6 - x86_64 12,509 +epel-testing Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 6 - Testing - x86_64 809 +extras CentOS-6 - Extras 53 +ius IUS Community Packages for Enterprise Linux 6 - x86_64 390 +updates CentOS-6 - Updates 1,288 +repolist: 22,250 +``` + +如果你想同时启用多个仓库，使用以下格式。这个命令将启用 epel、epel-testing 和 ius 仓库： + +``` +# yum-config-manager --enable epel epel-testing ius +``` + +对于 Fedora 系统，运行下面的命令来启用仓库： + +``` +# dnf config-manager --set-enabled epel-testing +``` + +### 如何在系统中禁用一个仓库 + +无论何时你在默认情况下添加一个新的仓库，它都会启用它们的稳定仓库，这就是为什么我们在运行 `yum repolist` 命令时获取了仓库信息。如果你不想使用仓库，那么可以通过下面的命令来禁用它。 + +为了验证这点，我们将要禁用 `epel-testing.repo` 和 `ius.repo`，运行以下命令： + +``` +# yum-config-manager --disable epel-testing ius + +Loaded plugins: fastestmirror +==================================================================================== repo: epel-testing ===================================================================================== +[epel-testing] +bandwidth = 0 +base_persistdir = /var/lib/yum/repos/x86_64/6 +baseurl = +cache = 0 +cachedir = /var/cache/yum/x86_64/6/epel-testing +cost = 1000 +enabled = 0 +enablegroups = True +exclude = +failovermethod = priority +ftp_disable_epsv = False +gpgcadir = /var/lib/yum/repos/x86_64/6/epel-testing/gpgcadir +gpgcakey = +gpgcheck = True +gpgdir = /var/lib/yum/repos/x86_64/6/epel-testing/gpgdir +gpgkey = file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-6 +hdrdir = /var/cache/yum/x86_64/6/epel-testing/headers +http_caching = all +includepkgs = +keepalive = True +mdpolicy = group:primary +mediaid = +metadata_expire = 21600 +metalink = +mirrorlist = https://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/metalink?repo=testing-epel6&arch=x86_64 +mirrorlist_expire = 86400 +name = Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 6 - Testing - x86_64 +old_base_cache_dir = +password = +persistdir = /var/lib/yum/repos/x86_64/6/epel-testing +pkgdir = /var/cache/yum/x86_64/6/epel-testing/packages +proxy = False +proxy_dict = +proxy_password = +proxy_username = +repo_gpgcheck = False +retries = 10 +skip_if_unavailable = False +ssl_check_cert_permissions = True +sslcacert = +sslclientcert = +sslclientkey = +sslverify = True +throttle = 0 +timeout = 30.0 +username = + +========================================================================================= repo: ius ========================================================================================= +[ius] +bandwidth = 0 +base_persistdir = /var/lib/yum/repos/x86_64/6 +baseurl = +cache = 0 +cachedir = /var/cache/yum/x86_64/6/ius +cost = 1000 +enabled = 0 +enablegroups = True +exclude = +failovermethod = priority +ftp_disable_epsv = False +gpgcadir = /var/lib/yum/repos/x86_64/6/ius/gpgcadir +gpgcakey = +gpgcheck = True +gpgdir = /var/lib/yum/repos/x86_64/6/ius/gpgdir +gpgkey = file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/IUS-COMMUNITY-GPG-KEY +hdrdir = /var/cache/yum/x86_64/6/ius/headers +http_caching = all +includepkgs = +keepalive = True +mdpolicy = group:primary +mediaid = +metadata_expire = 21600 +metalink = +mirrorlist = https://mirrors.iuscommunity.org/mirrorlist?repo=ius-centos6&arch=x86_64&protocol=http +mirrorlist_expire = 86400 +name = IUS Community Packages for Enterprise Linux 6 - x86_64 +old_base_cache_dir = +password = +persistdir = /var/lib/yum/repos/x86_64/6/ius +pkgdir = /var/cache/yum/x86_64/6/ius/packages +proxy = False +proxy_dict = +proxy_password = +proxy_username = +repo_gpgcheck = False +retries = 10 +skip_if_unavailable = False +ssl_check_cert_permissions = True +sslcacert = +sslclientcert = +sslclientkey = +sslverify = True +throttle = 0 +timeout = 30.0 +username = +``` + +运行 `yum repolist` 命令检查 “epel-testing” 和 “ius” 仓库是否被禁用。它被禁用了，我不能看到那些仓库，除了 “epel”。 + +``` +# yum repolist +Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security +Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile + * epel: mirror.us.leaseweb.net +repo id repo name status +base CentOS-6 - Base 6,706 +centos-sclo-sclo CentOS-6 - SCLo sclo 495 +epel Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 6 - x86_64 12,505 +extras CentOS-6 - Extras 53 +updates CentOS-6 - Updates 1,288 +repolist: 21,051 +``` + +或者，我们可以运行以下命令查看详细信息： + +``` +# yum repolist all | grep "epel*\|ius*" + * epel: mirror.steadfast.net +epel Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 6 enabled: 12,509 +epel-debuginfo Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 6 disabled +epel-source Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 6 disabled +epel-testing Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 6 disabled +epel-testing-debuginfo Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 6 disabled +epel-testing-source Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 6 disabled +ius IUS Community Packages for Enterprise disabled +ius-archive IUS Community Packages for Enterprise disabled +ius-archive-debuginfo IUS Community Packages for Enterprise disabled +ius-archive-source IUS Community Packages for Enterprise disabled +ius-debuginfo IUS Community Packages for Enterprise disabled +ius-dev IUS Community Packages for Enterprise disabled +ius-dev-debuginfo IUS Community Packages for Enterprise disabled +ius-dev-source IUS Community Packages for Enterprise disabled +ius-source IUS Community Packages for Enterprise disabled +ius-testing IUS Community Packages for Enterprise disabled +ius-testing-debuginfo IUS Community Packages for Enterprise disabled +ius-testing-source IUS Community Packages for Enterprise disabled +``` + +对于 Fedora 系统，运行以下命令来启用一个仓库： + +``` +# dnf config-manager --set-disabled epel-testing +``` + +或者，可以通过手动编辑适当的 repo 文件来完成。为此，打开相应的 repo 文件并将值从 `enabled=0` 改为 `enabled=1`（启用仓库）或从 `enabled=1` 变为 `enabled=0`（禁用仓库）。 + +即从： + +``` +[epel] +name=Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 6 - $basearch +#baseurl=http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/$basearch +mirrorlist=https://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/metalink?repo=epel-6&arch=$basearch +failovermethod=priority +enabled=0 +gpgcheck=1 +gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-6 +``` +改为： + +``` +[epel] +name=Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 6 - $basearch +#baseurl=http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/$basearch +mirrorlist=https://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/metalink?repo=epel-6&arch=$basearch +failovermethod=priority +enabled=1 +gpgcheck=1 +gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-6 +``` + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://www.2daygeek.com/how-to-add-enable-disable-a-repository-dnf-yum-config-manager-on-linux/ + +作者：[Prakash Subramanian][a] +选题：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972) +译者：[MjSeven](https://github.com/MjSeven) +校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]:https://www.2daygeek.com/author/prakash/ +[1]:https://www.2daygeek.com/yum-command-examples-manage-packages-rhel-centos-systems/ +[2]:https://www.2daygeek.com/dnf-command-examples-manage-packages-fedora-system/ +[3]:https://www.2daygeek.com/list-of-command-line-package-manager-for-linux/ +[4]:https://www.2daygeek.com/list-of-graphical-frontend-tool-for-linux-package-manager/ diff --git a/translated/tech/20180530 How To Add, Enable And Disable A Repository In Linux.md b/translated/tech/20180530 How To Add, Enable And Disable A Repository In Linux.md deleted file mode 100644 index c8cd4ded1b..0000000000 --- a/translated/tech/20180530 How To Add, Enable And Disable A Repository In Linux.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,430 +0,0 @@ -如何在 Linux 中添加，启用和禁用一个仓库 -====== - -在基于 RPM 的系统上，例如 RHEL, CentOS 等，我们中的许多人使用 yum 包管理器来管理软件的安装，删除，更新，搜索等。 - -Linux 发行版的大部分软件都来自发行版官方仓库。官方仓库包含大量免费和开源的应用和软件。它很容易安装和使用。 - -由于一些限制和专有问题，基于 RPM 的发行版在其官方仓库中没有提供某些包。另外，出于稳定性考虑，它不会提供最新版本的核心包。 - -为了克服这种情况，我们需要安装或启用需要的第三方仓库。对于基于 RPM 的系统，有许多第三方仓库可用，但建议使用的仓库很少，因为它们不会替换大量的基础包。 - -**建议阅读：** -**(#)** [在 RHEL/CentOS 系统中使用 YUM 命令管理包][1] -**(#)** [在 Fedora 系统中使用 DNF (YUM 的分支) 命令来管理包][2] -**(#)** [命令行包管理器和用法列表][3] -**(#)** [Linux 包管理器的图形化工具][4] - -这可以在基于 RPM 的系统上完成，比如 RHEL, CentOS, OEL, Fedora 等。 - * Fedora 系统使用 “dnf config-manager [options] [section …]” - * 其它基于 RPM 的系统使用 “yum-config-manager [options] [section …]” - -### 如何列出启用的仓库 - -只需运行以下命令即可检查系统上启用的仓库列表。 - -对于 CentOS/RHEL/OLE 系统： -``` -# yum repolist -Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security -Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile -repo id repo name status -base CentOS-6 - Base 6,706 -extras CentOS-6 - Extras 53 -updates CentOS-6 - Updates 1,255 -repolist: 8,014 - -``` - -对于 Fedora 系统： -``` -# dnf repolist - -``` - -### 如何在系统中添加一个新仓库 - -每个仓库通常都提供自己的 `.repo` 文件。要将此类仓库添加到系统中，使用 root 用户运行以下命令。在我们的例子中将添加 `EPEL Repository` 和 `IUS Community Repo`，见下文。 - -但是没有 `.repo` 文件可用于这些仓库。因此，我们使用以下方法进行安装。 - -对于 **EPEL Repository**，因为它可以从 CentOS 额外仓库获得（to 校正：额外仓库什么意思？），所以运行以下命令来安装它。 -``` -# yum install epel-release -y - -``` - -对于 **IUS Community Repo**，运行以下 bash 脚本来安装。 -``` -# curl 'https://setup.ius.io/' -o setup-ius.sh -# sh setup-ius.sh - -``` - -如果你有 `.repo` 文件，在 RHEL/CentOS/OEL 中，只需运行以下命令来添加一个仓库。 -``` -# yum-config-manager --add-repo http://www.example.com/example.repo - -Loaded plugins: product-id, refresh-packagekit, subscription-manager -adding repo from: http://www.example.com/example.repo -grabbing file http://www.example.com/example.repo to /etc/yum.repos.d/example.repo -example.repo | 413 B 00:00 -repo saved to /etc/yum.repos.d/example.repo - -``` - -对于 Fedora 系统，运行以下命令来添加一个仓库。 -``` -# dnf config-manager --add-repo http://www.example.com/example.repo - -adding repo from: http://www.example.com/example.repo - -``` - -如果在添加这些仓库之后运行 `yum repolist` 命令，你就可以看到新添加的仓库了。Yes，我看到了。 - -注意：每当运行 “yum repolist” 命令时，该命令会自动从相应的仓库获取更新，并将缓存保存在本地系统中。 -``` -# yum repolist - -Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security -Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile -epel/metalink | 6.1 kB 00:00 -* epel: epel.mirror.constant.com -* ius: ius.mirror.constant.com -ius | 2.3 kB 00:00 -repo id repo name status -base CentOS-6 - Base 6,706 -epel Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 6 - x86_64 12,505 -extras CentOS-6 - Extras 53 -ius IUS Community Packages for Enterprise Linux 6 - x86_64 390 -updates CentOS-6 - Updates 1,255 -repolist: 20,909 - -``` - -每个仓库都有多个渠道，比如测试，开发和存档（Testing, Dev, Archive）。通过导航到仓库文件位置，你可以更好地理解这一点。 -``` -# ls -lh /etc/yum.repos.d -total 64K --rw-r--r-- 1 root root 2.0K Apr 12 02:44 CentOS-Base.repo --rw-r--r-- 1 root root 647 Apr 12 02:44 CentOS-Debuginfo.repo --rw-r--r-- 1 root root 289 Apr 12 02:44 CentOS-fasttrack.repo --rw-r--r-- 1 root root 630 Apr 12 02:44 CentOS-Media.repo --rw-r--r-- 1 root root 916 May 18 11:07 CentOS-SCLo-scl.repo --rw-r--r-- 1 root root 892 May 18 10:36 CentOS-SCLo-scl-rh.repo --rw-r--r-- 1 root root 6.2K Apr 12 02:44 CentOS-Vault.repo --rw-r--r-- 1 root root 7.9K Apr 12 02:44 CentOS-Vault.repo.rpmnew --rw-r--r-- 1 root root 957 May 18 10:41 epel.repo --rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1.1K Nov 4 2012 epel-testing.repo --rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1.2K Feb 23 2017 ius-archive.repo --rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1.2K Feb 23 2017 ius-dev.repo --rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1.1K May 18 10:41 ius.repo --rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1.2K Feb 23 2017 ius-testing.repo - -``` - -### 如何在系统中启用一个仓库 - -当你在默认情况下添加一个新仓库时，它将启用它们的稳定仓库，这就是为什么我们在运行 “yum repolist” 命令时要获取仓库信息。在某些情况下，如果你希望启用它们的测试，开发或存档仓库，使用以下命令。另外，我们还可以使用此命令启用任何禁用的仓库。 - -为了验证这一点，我们将启用 `epel-testing.repo`，运行下面的命令： -``` -# yum-config-manager --enable epel-testing - -Loaded plugins: fastestmirror -==================================================================================== repo: epel-testing ===================================================================================== -[epel-testing] -bandwidth = 0 -base_persistdir = /var/lib/yum/repos/x86_64/6 -baseurl = -cache = 0 -cachedir = /var/cache/yum/x86_64/6/epel-testing -cost = 1000 -enabled = 1 -enablegroups = True -exclude = -failovermethod = priority -ftp_disable_epsv = False -gpgcadir = /var/lib/yum/repos/x86_64/6/epel-testing/gpgcadir -gpgcakey = -gpgcheck = True -gpgdir = /var/lib/yum/repos/x86_64/6/epel-testing/gpgdir -gpgkey = file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-6 -hdrdir = /var/cache/yum/x86_64/6/epel-testing/headers -http_caching = all -includepkgs = -keepalive = True -mdpolicy = group:primary -mediaid = -metadata_expire = 21600 -metalink = -mirrorlist = https://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/metalink?repo=testing-epel6&arch=x86_64 -mirrorlist_expire = 86400 -name = Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 6 - Testing - x86_64 -old_base_cache_dir = -password = -persistdir = /var/lib/yum/repos/x86_64/6/epel-testing -pkgdir = /var/cache/yum/x86_64/6/epel-testing/packages -proxy = False -proxy_dict = -proxy_password = -proxy_username = -repo_gpgcheck = False -retries = 10 -skip_if_unavailable = False -ssl_check_cert_permissions = True -sslcacert = -sslclientcert = -sslclientkey = -sslverify = True -throttle = 0 -timeout = 30.0 -username = - -``` - -运行 “yum repolist” 命令来检查是否启用了 “epel-testing”。它被启用了，我可以从列表中看到它。 -``` -# yum repolist -Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security -Determining fastest mirrors -epel/metalink | 18 kB 00:00 -epel-testing/metalink | 17 kB 00:00 - * epel: mirror.us.leaseweb.net - * epel-testing: mirror.us.leaseweb.net - * ius: mirror.team-cymru.com -base | 3.7 kB 00:00 -centos-sclo-sclo | 2.9 kB 00:00 -epel | 4.7 kB 00:00 -epel/primary_db | 6.0 MB 00:00 -epel-testing | 4.7 kB 00:00 -epel-testing/primary_db | 368 kB 00:00 -extras | 3.4 kB 00:00 -ius | 2.3 kB 00:00 -ius/primary_db | 216 kB 00:00 -updates | 3.4 kB 00:00 -updates/primary_db | 8.1 MB 00:00 ... -repo id repo name status -base CentOS-6 - Base 6,706 -centos-sclo-sclo CentOS-6 - SCLo sclo 495 -epel Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 6 - x86_64 12,509 -epel-testing Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 6 - Testing - x86_64 809 -extras CentOS-6 - Extras 53 -ius IUS Community Packages for Enterprise Linux 6 - x86_64 390 -updates CentOS-6 - Updates 1,288 -repolist: 22,250 - -``` - -如果你想同时启用多个仓库，使用以下格式。这个命令将启用 epel, epel-testing 和 ius 仓库。 -``` -# yum-config-manager --enable epel epel-testing ius - -``` - -对于 Fedora 系统，运行下面的命令来启用仓库。 -``` -# dnf config-manager --set-enabled epel-testing - -``` - -### 如何在系统中禁用一个仓库 - -无论何时你在默认情况下添加一个新的仓库，它都会启用它们的稳定仓库，这就是为什么我们在运行 “yum repolist” 命令时要获取仓库信息。如果你不想使用仓库，那么可以通过下面的命令来禁用它。 - -为了验证这点，我们将要禁用 `epel-testing.repo` 和 `ius.repo`，运行以下命令： -``` -# yum-config-manager --disable epel-testing ius - -Loaded plugins: fastestmirror -==================================================================================== repo: epel-testing ===================================================================================== -[epel-testing] -bandwidth = 0 -base_persistdir = /var/lib/yum/repos/x86_64/6 -baseurl = -cache = 0 -cachedir = /var/cache/yum/x86_64/6/epel-testing -cost = 1000 -enabled = 0 -enablegroups = True -exclude = -failovermethod = priority -ftp_disable_epsv = False -gpgcadir = /var/lib/yum/repos/x86_64/6/epel-testing/gpgcadir -gpgcakey = -gpgcheck = True -gpgdir = /var/lib/yum/repos/x86_64/6/epel-testing/gpgdir -gpgkey = file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-6 -hdrdir = /var/cache/yum/x86_64/6/epel-testing/headers -http_caching = all -includepkgs = -keepalive = True -mdpolicy = group:primary -mediaid = -metadata_expire = 21600 -metalink = -mirrorlist = https://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/metalink?repo=testing-epel6&arch=x86_64 -mirrorlist_expire = 86400 -name = Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 6 - Testing - x86_64 -old_base_cache_dir = -password = -persistdir = /var/lib/yum/repos/x86_64/6/epel-testing -pkgdir = /var/cache/yum/x86_64/6/epel-testing/packages -proxy = False -proxy_dict = -proxy_password = -proxy_username = -repo_gpgcheck = False -retries = 10 -skip_if_unavailable = False -ssl_check_cert_permissions = True -sslcacert = -sslclientcert = -sslclientkey = -sslverify = True -throttle = 0 -timeout = 30.0 -username = - -========================================================================================= repo: ius ========================================================================================= -[ius] -bandwidth = 0 -base_persistdir = /var/lib/yum/repos/x86_64/6 -baseurl = -cache = 0 -cachedir = /var/cache/yum/x86_64/6/ius -cost = 1000 -enabled = 0 -enablegroups = True -exclude = -failovermethod = priority -ftp_disable_epsv = False -gpgcadir = /var/lib/yum/repos/x86_64/6/ius/gpgcadir -gpgcakey = -gpgcheck = True -gpgdir = /var/lib/yum/repos/x86_64/6/ius/gpgdir -gpgkey = file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/IUS-COMMUNITY-GPG-KEY -hdrdir = /var/cache/yum/x86_64/6/ius/headers -http_caching = all -includepkgs = -keepalive = True -mdpolicy = group:primary -mediaid = -metadata_expire = 21600 -metalink = -mirrorlist = https://mirrors.iuscommunity.org/mirrorlist?repo=ius-centos6&arch=x86_64&protocol=http -mirrorlist_expire = 86400 -name = IUS Community Packages for Enterprise Linux 6 - x86_64 -old_base_cache_dir = -password = -persistdir = /var/lib/yum/repos/x86_64/6/ius -pkgdir = /var/cache/yum/x86_64/6/ius/packages -proxy = False -proxy_dict = -proxy_password = -proxy_username = -repo_gpgcheck = False -retries = 10 -skip_if_unavailable = False -ssl_check_cert_permissions = True -sslcacert = -sslclientcert = -sslclientkey = -sslverify = True -throttle = 0 -timeout = 30.0 -username = - -``` - -运行 “yum repolist” 命令检查 “epel-testing” 和 “ius” 仓库是否被禁用。它被禁用了，我不能看到那些仓库，除了 “epel”。 -``` -# yum repolist -Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security -Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile - * epel: mirror.us.leaseweb.net -repo id repo name status -base CentOS-6 - Base 6,706 -centos-sclo-sclo CentOS-6 - SCLo sclo 495 -epel Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 6 - x86_64 12,505 -extras CentOS-6 - Extras 53 -updates CentOS-6 - Updates 1,288 -repolist: 21,051 - -``` - -或者，我们可以运行以下命令查看详细信息。 -``` -# yum repolist all | grep "epel*\|ius*" - * epel: mirror.steadfast.net -epel Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 6 enabled: 12,509 -epel-debuginfo Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 6 disabled -epel-source Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 6 disabled -epel-testing Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 6 disabled -epel-testing-debuginfo Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 6 disabled -epel-testing-source Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 6 disabled -ius IUS Community Packages for Enterprise disabled -ius-archive IUS Community Packages for Enterprise disabled -ius-archive-debuginfo IUS Community Packages for Enterprise disabled -ius-archive-source IUS Community Packages for Enterprise disabled -ius-debuginfo IUS Community Packages for Enterprise disabled -ius-dev IUS Community Packages for Enterprise disabled -ius-dev-debuginfo IUS Community Packages for Enterprise disabled -ius-dev-source IUS Community Packages for Enterprise disabled -ius-source IUS Community Packages for Enterprise disabled -ius-testing IUS Community Packages for Enterprise disabled -ius-testing-debuginfo IUS Community Packages for Enterprise disabled -ius-testing-source IUS Community Packages for Enterprise disabled - -``` - -对于 Fedora 系统，运行以下命令来启用一个仓库。 -``` -# dnf config-manager --set-disabled epel-testing - -``` - -或者，可以通过手动编辑适当的 repo 文件来完成。为此，打开相应的 repo 文件并将值从 `enabled=0` 改为 `enabled=1`（启用仓库）或从 `enabled=1` 变为 `enabled=0`（禁用仓库）。 - -即从： -``` -[epel] -name=Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 6 - $basearch -#baseurl=http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/$basearch -mirrorlist=https://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/metalink?repo=epel-6&arch=$basearch -failovermethod=priority -enabled=0 -gpgcheck=1 -gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-6 - -``` -改为 -``` -[epel] -name=Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 6 - $basearch -#baseurl=http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/$basearch -mirrorlist=https://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/metalink?repo=epel-6&arch=$basearch -failovermethod=priority -enabled=1 -gpgcheck=1 -gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-6 - -``` - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: https://www.2daygeek.com/how-to-add-enable-disable-a-repository-dnf-yum-config-manager-on-linux/ - -作者：[Prakash Subramanian][a] -选题：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972) -译者：[MjSeven](https://github.com/MjSeven) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[a]:https://www.2daygeek.com/author/prakash/ -[1]:https://www.2daygeek.com/yum-command-examples-manage-packages-rhel-centos-systems/ -[2]:https://www.2daygeek.com/dnf-command-examples-manage-packages-fedora-system/ -[3]:https://www.2daygeek.com/list-of-command-line-package-manager-for-linux/ -[4]:https://www.2daygeek.com/list-of-graphical-frontend-tool-for-linux-package-manager/