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@ -1,20 +1,20 @@
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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||
[#]: translator: (wxy)
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: ( )
|
||||
[#]: publisher: ( )
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||||
[#]: url: ( )
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: (wxy)
|
||||
[#]: publisher: (wxy)
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||||
[#]: url: (https://linux.cn/article-12658-1.html)
|
||||
[#]: subject: (Advance your awk skills with two easy tutorials)
|
||||
[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/19/10/advanced-awk)
|
||||
[#]: author: (Dave Neary https://opensource.com/users/dneary)
|
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||||
|
||||
通过两个简单的教程来提高你的 awk 技能
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
> 超越单行的awk脚本，邮件合并和字数统计。
|
||||
!["一个团队的检查表"[1]
|
||||
> 超越单行的 awk 脚本，学习如何做邮件合并和字数统计。
|
||||
|
||||
`awk` 是 Unix 和 Linux 用户工具箱中最古老的工具之一。`awk` 由 Alfred Aho、Peter Weinberger 和 Brian Kernighan（工具名称中的 A、W 和 K）在 20 世纪 70 年代创建，用于复杂的文本流处理。它是流编辑器 `sed` 的配套工具，后者是为逐行处理文本文件而设计的。`awk` 支持更复杂的结构化程序，是一种完整的编程语言。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
`awk` 是 Unix 和 Linux 用户工具箱中最古老的工具之一。`awk` 由 Alfred Aho、Peter Weinberger 和 Brian Kernighan（即工具名称中的 A、W 和 K）在 20 世纪 70 年代创建，用于复杂的文本流处理。它是流编辑器 `sed` 的配套工具，后者是为逐行处理文本文件而设计的。`awk` 支持更复杂的结构化程序，是一门完整的编程语言。
|
||||
|
||||
本文将介绍如何使用 `awk` 完成更多结构化的复杂任务，包括一个简单的邮件合并程序。
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||||
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||||
@ -34,7 +34,7 @@
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||||
function 函数名(参数列表) { 语句 }
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
这种模式匹配块和函数的组合允许开发者结构化 `awk` 程序，以便重用和可读。
|
||||
这种模式匹配块和函数的组合允许开发者结构化的 `awk` 程序，以便重用和提高可读性。
|
||||
|
||||
### awk 如何处理文本流
|
||||
|
||||
@ -42,12 +42,12 @@ function 函数名(参数列表) { 语句 }
|
||||
|
||||
* `FS`（<ruby>字段分隔符<rt>field separator</rt></ruby>）。默认情况下，这是任何空格字符（空格或制表符）。
|
||||
* `RS`（<ruby>记录分隔符<rt>record separator</rt></ruby>）。默认情况下是一个新行（`n`）。
|
||||
* `NF`（<ruby>字段数<rt>number of fields</rt></ruby>）。当 `awk` 解析一行时，这个变量被设置为已解析的字段数。
|
||||
* `NF`（<ruby>字段数<rt>number of fields</rt></ruby>）。当 `awk` 解析一行时，这个变量被设置为被解析出字段数。
|
||||
* `$0:` 当前记录。
|
||||
* `$1`、`$2`、`$3` 等：当前记录的第一、第二、第三等字段。
|
||||
* `NR`（<ruby>记录数<rt>number of records</rt></ruby>）。迄今已被 `awk` 脚本解析的记录数。
|
||||
|
||||
影响 `awk` 行为的变量还有很多，但这已经足够开始了。
|
||||
影响 `awk` 行为的变量还有很多，但知道这些已经足够开始了。
|
||||
|
||||
### 单行 awk 脚本
|
||||
|
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@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ Mickey,Mouse,mmouse@disney.com,"Surviving public speaking with a squeaky voice"
|
||||
Santa,Claus,sclaus@northpole.org,"Efficient list-making"
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
你要读取 CSV 文件，替换第一个文件中的相关字段（跳过第一行），然后把结果写到一个叫 `acceptanceN.txt` 的文件中，每解析一行就递增 `N`。
|
||||
你要读取 CSV 文件，替换第一个文件中的相关字段（跳过第一行），然后把结果写到一个叫 `acceptanceN.txt` 的文件中，每解析一行就递增文件名中的 `N`。
|
||||
|
||||
把 `awk` 程序写在一个叫 `mail_merge.awk` 的文件中。在 `awk` 脚本中的语句用 `;` 分隔。第一个任务是设置字段分隔符变量和其他几个脚本需要的变量。你还需要读取并丢弃 CSV 中的第一行，否则会创建一个以 `Dear firstname` 开头的文件。要做到这一点，请使用特殊函数 `getline`，并在读取后将记录计数器重置为 0。
|
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|
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@ -125,17 +125,17 @@ BEGIN {
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
{
|
||||
# Read relevant fields from input file
|
||||
# 从输入文件中读取关联字段
|
||||
firstname=$1;
|
||||
lastname=$2;
|
||||
email=$3;
|
||||
title=$4;
|
||||
|
||||
# Set output filename
|
||||
# 设置输出文件名
|
||||
outfile=(output NR ".txt");
|
||||
|
||||
# Read a line from template, replace special fields, and
|
||||
# print result to output file
|
||||
# 从模板中读取一行，替换特定字段，
|
||||
# 并打印结果到输出文件。
|
||||
while ( (getline ln < template) > 0 )
|
||||
{
|
||||
sub(/{firstname}/,firstname,ln);
|
||||
@ -145,7 +145,7 @@ BEGIN {
|
||||
print(ln) > outfile;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
# Close template and output file in advance of next record
|
||||
# 关闭模板和输出文件，继续下一条记录
|
||||
close(outfile);
|
||||
close(template);
|
||||
}
|
||||
@ -153,7 +153,6 @@ BEGIN {
|
||||
|
||||
你已经完成了! 在命令行上运行该脚本：
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
awk -f mail_merge.awk proposals.csv
|
||||
```
|
||||
@ -164,7 +163,7 @@ awk -f mail_merge.awk proposals.csv
|
||||
awk -f mail_merge.awk < proposals.csv
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
你会发现在当前目录下生成的文本文件。
|
||||
你会在当前目录下发现生成的文本文件。
|
||||
|
||||
### awk 进阶：字频计数
|
||||
|
||||
@ -254,7 +253,7 @@ via: https://opensource.com/article/19/10/advanced-awk
|
||||
作者：[Dave Neary][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
|
||||
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||
[#]: translator: (geekpi)
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: (wxy)
|
||||
[#]: publisher: (wxy)
|
||||
[#]: url: (https://linux.cn/article-12659-1.html)
|
||||
[#]: subject: (Huawei ban could complicate 5G deployment)
|
||||
[#]: via: (https://www.networkworld.com/article/3575408/huawei-ban-could-complicate-5g-deployment.html)
|
||||
[#]: author: (Jon Gold https://www.networkworld.com/author/Jon-Gold/)
|
||||
|
||||
对华为的禁令可能使 5G 部署复杂化
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
> 对华为、中兴的禁令意味着无线运营商建设 5G 服务的选择减少了。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
随着运营商竞相建设他们的 5G 网络，由于美国联邦政府的压力，在美国购买所需设备的选择比其他国家少，这可能会减缓部署。
|
||||
|
||||
在 2018 年的《国防授权法案》中，总部位于中国的华为和中兴通讯都被禁止向美国政府提供设备，此后不久又全面禁止进口。这极大地改变了竞争格局，并引发了美国 5G 的形态可能因此而改变的问题。
|
||||
|
||||
Gartner 的分析师 Michael Porowski 表示，虽然还不完全清楚，但运营商可以在哪里购买 5G 设备的限制有可能会减缓部署速度。
|
||||
|
||||
他说：”供应商数量仍然很多：爱立信、诺基亚、三星。中兴和华为都是更经济的选择。如果它们可用，你可能会看到更快的采用速度。”
|
||||
|
||||
451 Research 的研究总监 Christian Renaud 表示，业界普遍认为，华为设备既成熟又价格低廉，而在没有华为的情况下，运营商也没有明确的替代方案。
|
||||
|
||||
他说：“目前，会有采用诺基亚或爱立信标准的运营商。（而且）现在判断谁最成熟还为时过早，因为部署是如此有限。”
|
||||
|
||||
这种争论在运营商本身的覆盖地图上可以得到证实。虽然他们很快就大肆宣传 5G 服务在美国的许多市场上已经有了，但实际的地理覆盖范围大多局限于大城市核心区的公共场所。简而言之，大部分地区的 5G 部署还没有到来。
|
||||
|
||||
部署缓慢是有充分理由的。5G 接入点的部署密度要远高于上一代的无线技术，这使得该过程更加复杂且耗时。还有一个问题是，目前可用的 5G 用户设备数量还很少。
|
||||
|
||||
Renaud 说：“这就好比说，在有人发明汽车之前，说‘我已经有了这条八车道的高速公路’。”
|
||||
|
||||
设备供应商目前的部分目标是通过私有部署来展示 5G 的潜力，这些部署将该技术用做<ruby>信号隧道<rt>backhaul</rt></ruby>，用于支持[物联网][8]和其他针对单个企业的链接场景。
|
||||
|
||||
Renaud 说：“（设备供应商）都在大力推动私有部署这一块，然后他们可以利用这一点说：你看，我可以用在布鲁克林造船厂或某个私有部署的 5G 网络中，所以，如果可以的话……，它可以用于支持人们观看 YouTube。”
|
||||
|
||||
对中国的禁令的一个不幸结果可能是供应商为满足 5G 要求而遵循的规范的分裂。Renaud 称，如果非中国供应商必须为允许华为和中兴的市场制作一个版本，而为不允许华为和中兴的地方制作不同的版本，这可能会给他们带来新的麻烦。
|
||||
|
||||
他说：“这将把成本负担转移到设备制造商身上，来试图支持不同的运营商实施。我们会造成非技术性的壁垒。”而这些，反过来又会导致客户体验受到影响。
|
||||
|
||||
但是，5G 已经通过[开放无线接入网技术][9]拥抱了更高的互操作性的趋势，它将 5G 栈各层之间的软件接口标准化。运营商和设备商都接受了这一推动，使得互操作性更有可能，这可能会在未来吸引更多的参与者。
|
||||
|
||||
当然，即便是普遍的互操作性，设备制造商仍然会试图建立客户依赖性。他说“在试图锁定客户的供应商和试图保持供应商中立的客户之间，总是会有一场拉锯战。这不会有很大的改变。（但是）我们显然已经看到了试图更加开放的动向。”
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3575408/huawei-ban-could-complicate-5g-deployment.html
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Jon Gold][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
|
||||
校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://www.networkworld.com/author/Jon-Gold/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3203489/what-is-5g-fast-wireless-technology-for-enterprises-and-phones.html
|
||||
[2]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3568253/how-5g-frequency-affects-range-and-speed.html
|
||||
[3]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3568614/private-5g-can-solve-some-enterprise-problems-that-wi-fi-can-t.html
|
||||
[4]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3488799/private-5g-keeps-whirlpool-driverless-vehicles-rolling.html
|
||||
[5]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3570724/5g-can-make-for-cost-effective-private-backhaul.html
|
||||
[6]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3529291/cbrs-wireless-can-bring-private-5g-to-enterprises.html
|
||||
[8]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3207535/what-is-iot-the-internet-of-things-explained.html
|
||||
[9]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3574977/carriers-vendors-work-to-promote-5g-network-flexibility-with-open-standards.html
|
||||
[10]: https://www.facebook.com/NetworkWorld/
|
||||
[11]: https://www.linkedin.com/company/network-world
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
|
||||
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||
[#]: translator: ( )
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: ( )
|
||||
[#]: publisher: ( )
|
||||
[#]: url: ( )
|
||||
[#]: subject: (What would a global open organization look like?)
|
||||
[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/open-organization/20/9/global-open-organization)
|
||||
[#]: author: (Ron McFarland https://opensource.com/users/ron-mcfarland)
|
||||
|
||||
What would a global open organization look like?
|
||||
======
|
||||
Solving global problems will require global collaboration. Working
|
||||
openly is the best way forward.
|
||||
![Pixelated globe][1]
|
||||
|
||||
In the [first article in this series][2], I presented four dimensions of globalization and explained how they relate to [open organization principles][3]. Then, in [the second part][4], I reviewed a history of globalization, one based on [Jeffrey D. Sachs][5]' book [The Ages of Globalization][6]. That piece tracked a history of gradually increasing openness—from the beginning of human civilization up to the start of the industrial revolution, which began around the beginning of the 1800s.
|
||||
|
||||
In this final installment of the series, I will continue my review of Sachs' book by examining two more recent historical settings, the Industrial Age and the Digital Age, to explain how open principles have shaped more recent trends in globalization—and how these principles will be integral to our global future.
|
||||
|
||||
### The Industrial Age (1800‒2000 CE): The urban, city growth, and machine setting
|
||||
|
||||
According to Sachs, around 1820, 85% of the global population was still involved in farming and lived at a subsistence level. Of them, 93% were relatively unconnected, living in rural areas.
|
||||
|
||||
Through the advent of industrial development, that all changed.
|
||||
|
||||
By 2000, about half the global population (46.7%) lived in urban areas, their average incomes soared, and average life expectancy had reached 67 years old (according to 2000‒2005 data). Living in an interconnected world among a web of nonstop data altered the relative isolation of village life—an illustration of the importance of building **communities** that are **inclusive**, **collaborate** deeply, are very open and **transparent** with each other, and support each other when there are unexpected challenges **(adaptable)**.
|
||||
|
||||
The Industrial Revolution began in 1776 with James Watt's invention of the steam engine in Scotland. Railroads and steamships began connecting the world. Large factories began bringing in people from the countryside. As the British economic historian E. A. Wrigley has written, this was a movement from an "organic economy" to an "energy-rich economy" in which we see a shift from a dependence on raw materials from vegetable or animal (including human manual labor) for energy to three main fossil fuels for energy (coal, petroleum and natural gas) that was deployed after 1800 (and then, just 100 years later, nuclear technology).
|
||||
|
||||
[Global GDP per capita][2] hadn't changed much until around 1780‒1830, when the steam engine sparked a wave of increase, according to economist [Nikolai Kondratiev][7]. From then, upward movements in GDP [have come in additional waves][8], Kondratiev says. The second wave arrived around 1830‒1880, with investments in railways and steel. The third (1880‒1930) came from electrification. Automobiles sparked the fourth wave around 1930‒1970. The fifth, information technologies, began around 2010. And now intelligent technology, including robotics and artificial intelligence, stands to spark another from 2010‒2050. All these investments have changed the environment in which we build communities, collaborate, share information and address challenges (they also created income inequality between regions—between Kondratiev's "energy rich" economies and others).
|
||||
|
||||
By the end of World War II (around 1945) many organizations had been established to promote what today we might call greater openness. Organizations like the [United Nations (UN)][9], the [International Monetary Fund (IMF)][10], [the World Bank][11], [the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)][12], [the Food and Agricultural Organization][13] and the [World Health Organization (WHO)][14] continue to promote various forms of global cooperation. The same is true of global philanthropic organizations and private foundations like the [Bill and Melinda Gate Foundation][15], [Greenpeace][16] and others. They will be more needed and must be strengthened in the years ahead.
|
||||
|
||||
### The Digital Age (Twenty-First Century): The connection and sustainability-challenge setting
|
||||
|
||||
We are only one-fifth of the way into the 21st Century. According to Sachs, globalized communities in this period will address different issues than those they've addressed up until now. Economic activity, jobs, lifestyles, and geopolitics will all gradually change. To address these changes, we can apply open organizational principles.
|
||||
|
||||
According to Sachs, these issues will be central to those changes.
|
||||
|
||||
**Drastic economic and financial inequality.** We must address the distribution of global wealth. Workers displaced by machines have seen their earnings stagnate or decline. These workers must be retrained and re-skilled with processes financed through taxation. This is equally true between developed and developing countries. Developed countries must provide some kind of managed support to developing countries as they transition in the years and decades ahead. These are global issues and should be addressed as such, Sachs says, or unmanageable global unrest and continued poverty will result.
|
||||
|
||||
Could we write a mission statement for humankind? If we could, open organization principles should be its backbone.
|
||||
|
||||
**A global environmental crisis.** "The world economy has increased roughly a hundredfold over the past two centuries: roughly ten times the population and ten times the GDP per capita," Sachs writes. "Yet the physical planet has remained constant, and the human impact on that environment has therefore intensified dramatically." Issues like climate change, the burning of fossil fuels, mass destruction of biodiversity, and the dire pollution of air, soils, freshwater and oceans must all be topics of _global_ conversation and collaboration, or we will watch our environment worsen, Sachs says.
|
||||
|
||||
**Increased chance of global war.** In Sachs' outline of historical periods, shifts in geopolitical power are often accompanied by war. That potential is once more a potential concern. This issue will require a great deal of open discussions between these nations.
|
||||
|
||||
### Governance through the ages
|
||||
|
||||
Let's take one more global look at [organizational governance through the ages][4]. According to Sachs, governance has become more global over time.
|
||||
|
||||
* In the Paleolithic Age (70,000-10,000 BCE), there were strong bonds developed between nomadic clans, particularly "bands" of 25‒30 members within those clans.
|
||||
* In the Neolithic Age (10,000-3,000 BCE), through agricultural advancement, there was village life and local politics.
|
||||
* In the Equestrian Age (3,000-1,000 BCE), through animal domestication and travel by horses, states were formed and governed.
|
||||
* In the Classical Age (1,000 BCE-1500 CE), governance expanded to regional multi-ethnic empires through education and further information documentation.
|
||||
* In the Ocean Age (1500-1800 CE), through long-distance sea travel, larger global empire governance started.
|
||||
* In the Industrial Age (1800-2000 CE), the United Nations was formed and two dominant powers emerged (namely, the United Kingdom and the United States).
|
||||
* In the Digital Age (the 21st Century), shifting geopolitical conditions will prompt new developments in global organizational governance, particularly in a globally connected world in which China and the United States will play major roles.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Sachs notes that prosperity and longer life expectancy have resulted from increased global interconnectedness and organizational openness.
|
||||
|
||||
So how might we build the next generation of global, open organizations?
|
||||
|
||||
### An age of truly global collaboration
|
||||
|
||||
According to Professor Sachs, in order to get buy-in to address these issues, currently underrepresented regions will need a more powerful voice in the global community. Nations will not buy into potential changes unless they feel they are fully represented, participating in a true collaborative dialog. Configuring a global community attentive to members' needs is extremely important. Without ideal representation and talent in the room, very little can be achieved.
|
||||
|
||||
For example, to obtain stronger global buy-in, Sachs recommends one representative from each of eight major global regions in the United Nations (North America, South America, European Union, African Union, South Asia, East Asia, Commonwealth of Independent States, and Western Asia). A manageable team of eight people discussing global issues has a higher chance of success.
|
||||
|
||||
Also, Sachs recommends that Brazil, Germany, India, Indonesia, Japan, and Nigeria should be permanent members of the UN Security Council. Then, global issues can be more easily and seriously addressed. As is, he writes, the 193 individual member countries can do very little.
|
||||
|
||||
A successful development agenda (the community's purpose) requires inclusive partnerships at the global, regional, national and local levels. They have to be built upon a shared vision and shared goals with all human beings and the planet at the center. Furthermore, with an increase in urban populations, communities should be getting involved in not only issues within their area but globally as well. Here again, their representation and participation are required to get them to buy-in to anything agreed on.
|
||||
|
||||
In short, a globally viable open organization of member nations would be beneficial.
|
||||
|
||||
Here are two challenges such an organization could help address.
|
||||
|
||||
**Ending world poverty.** Sachs believes that in our generation we should see an end to world poverty—particularly if the global community works on supporting poorer communities, controlling disease globally, increasing school attendance, and improving infrastructure worldwide. Work on these issues have already begun in many places at a _national_ level (consider China's [Belt and Road initiative][17]), but it should be coordinated on a global scale.
|
||||
|
||||
**Promoting Literacy.** In the 1950s, global illiteracy (in any language) had been eliminated in most high-income countries, and yet the global illiteracy rate was still roughly 80% in developing countries. This gap made global collaboration and joint problem-solving difficult. Therefore, even though life expectancy in developed countries was then around 68 years of age, in developing countries it was only around 40 years of age. Open organization principles become very difficult to be adopted globally, or won't work at all worldwide, where such illiteracy is common. Multi-language education must be a priority. While English is the language of choice in most scientific, financial, or diplomatic discussions, it is not the most _spoken_ language (Chinese is). Foreign language learning, foreign language interpreting, and foreign language translation will become more important as well in the years ahead to promote global understanding, cooperation and collaboration.
|
||||
|
||||
### A shared identity
|
||||
|
||||
We all have identities formed in part by the groups in which we participate—sports teams, religious groups, regions, and nationalities. We tend to promote and support those that we identify with. So how might we develop an identity for a new, _global_ organization that welcomes open participation in solving global issues?
|
||||
|
||||
Could we write a mission statement for humankind?
|
||||
|
||||
If we could, [open organization principles][3] should be its backbone.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://opensource.com/open-organization/20/9/global-open-organization
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Ron McFarland][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://opensource.com/users/ron-mcfarland
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/pixelated-world.png?itok=fHjM6m53 (Pixelated globe)
|
||||
[2]: https://opensource.com/open-organization/20/7/globalization-history-open
|
||||
[3]: https://theopenorganization.org/definition
|
||||
[4]: https://opensource.com/open-organization/20/8/global-history-collaboration
|
||||
[5]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeffrey_Sachs
|
||||
[6]: https://cup.columbia.edu/book/the-ages-of-globalization/9780231193740
|
||||
[7]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolai_Kondratiev
|
||||
[8]: https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/world-gdp-over-the-last-two-millennia
|
||||
[9]: https://www.un.org/en/
|
||||
[10]: https://www.imf.org/external/index.htm
|
||||
[11]: https://www.worldbank.org/
|
||||
[12]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_Agreement_on_Tariffs_and_Trade#:~:text=The%20General%20Agreement%20on%20Tariffs,such%20as%20tariffs%20or%20quotas.
|
||||
[13]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_and_Agriculture_Organization
|
||||
[14]: https://www.who.int/
|
||||
[15]: https://www.gatesfoundation.org/
|
||||
[16]: https://opensource.com/tags/open-organization-greenpeace
|
||||
[17]: https://www.beltroad-initiative.com/belt-and-road/
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,89 @@
|
||||
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||
[#]: translator: ( )
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: ( )
|
||||
[#]: publisher: ( )
|
||||
[#]: url: ( )
|
||||
[#]: subject: (How to Use the Firefox Task Manager (to Find and Kill RAM and CPU Eating Tabs and Extensions))
|
||||
[#]: via: (https://itsfoss.com/firefox-task-manager/)
|
||||
[#]: author: (Ankush Das https://itsfoss.com/author/ankush/)
|
||||
|
||||
How to Use the Firefox Task Manager (to Find and Kill RAM and CPU Eating Tabs and Extensions)
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
Firefox is popular among Linux users. It is the default web browser on several Linux distributions.
|
||||
|
||||
Among many other features, Firefox provides a task manager of its own.
|
||||
|
||||
Now, why would you use it when you have [task manager in Linux][1] in the form of [system monitoring tools][2]? There is a good reason for that.
|
||||
|
||||
Suppose your system is taking too much of RAM or CPU. If you use top or some other system [resource monitoring tool like Glances][3], you’ll notice that these tools cannot distinguish the opened tabs or extensions.
|
||||
|
||||
Usually, each Firefox tab is displayed as **Web Content**. You can see that some Firefox process is causing the issue but that’s no way to accurately determine which tab or extension it is.
|
||||
|
||||
This is where you can use the Firefox task manager. Let me show you how!
|
||||
|
||||
### Firefox Task Manager
|
||||
|
||||
With Firefox Task Manager, you will be able to list all the tabs, trackers, and add-ons consuming system resources.
|
||||
|
||||
![][4]
|
||||
|
||||
As you can see in the screenshot above, you get the name of the tab, the type (tab or add-on), the energy impact, and the memory consumed.
|
||||
|
||||
While everything is self-explanatory, the **energy impact refers to the CPU usage** and if you are using a Laptop, it is a good indicator to show you what will drain the battery quicker.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Access Task Manager in Firefox
|
||||
|
||||
Surprisingly, there is no [Firefox keyboard shortcut][5] for the task manager.
|
||||
|
||||
To quickly launch Firefox Task Manager, you can type “**about:performance**” in the address bar as shown in the screenshot below.
|
||||
|
||||
![Quickly access task manager in Firefox][6]
|
||||
|
||||
Alternatively, you can click on the **menu** icon and then head on to “**More**” options as shown in the screenshot below.
|
||||
|
||||
![Accessing task manager in Firefox][7]
|
||||
|
||||
Next, you will find the option to select “**Task Manager**” — so just click on it.
|
||||
|
||||
![][8]
|
||||
|
||||
#### Using Firefox task manager
|
||||
|
||||
Once there, you can check for the resource usage, expand the tabs to see the trackers and its usage, and also choose to close the tabs right there as highlighted in the screenshot below.
|
||||
|
||||
![][9]
|
||||
|
||||
Here’s what you should know:
|
||||
|
||||
* Energy impact means CPU consumption.
|
||||
* The subframes or the subtasks are usually the trackers/scripts associated with a tab that needs to run in the background.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
With this task manager, you can spot a rogue script on a site as well whether it’s causing your browser to slow down.
|
||||
|
||||
This isn’t rocket-science but not many people are aware of Firefox task manager. Now that you know it, this should come in pretty handy, don’t you think?
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://itsfoss.com/firefox-task-manager/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Ankush Das][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/ankush/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://itsfoss.com/task-manager-linux/
|
||||
[2]: https://itsfoss.com/linux-system-monitoring-tools/
|
||||
[3]: https://itsfoss.com/glances/
|
||||
[4]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/firefox-task-manager-shot.png?resize=800%2C519&ssl=1
|
||||
[5]: https://itsfoss.com/firefox-keyboard-shortcuts/
|
||||
[6]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/firefox-url-performance.jpg?resize=800%2C357&ssl=1
|
||||
[7]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/firefox-task-manager-steps.jpg?resize=800%2C779&ssl=1
|
||||
[8]: https://i2.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/firefox-task-manager-menu.jpg?resize=800%2C465&ssl=1
|
||||
[9]: https://i1.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/firefox-task-manager-close-tab.png?resize=800%2C496&ssl=1
|
||||
@ -1,79 +0,0 @@
|
||||
[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
|
||||
[#]: translator: (geekpi)
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: ( )
|
||||
[#]: publisher: ( )
|
||||
[#]: url: ( )
|
||||
[#]: subject: (Huawei ban could complicate 5G deployment)
|
||||
[#]: via: (https://www.networkworld.com/article/3575408/huawei-ban-could-complicate-5g-deployment.html)
|
||||
[#]: author: (Jon Gold https://www.networkworld.com/author/Jon-Gold/)
|
||||
|
||||
华为禁令可能使 5G 部署复杂化
|
||||
======
|
||||
对华为、中兴的禁令意味着无线运营商建设 5G 服务的选择减少了。
|
||||
|
||||
随着运营商竞相建设他们的 5G 网络，由于联邦的压力，在美国购买所需设备的选择比其他国家少，这可能会减缓部署。
|
||||
|
||||
### 5G资源
|
||||
|
||||
* [什么是 5G？ 企业和手机的快速无线技术][1] 。
|
||||
* [5G 频率如何影响范围和速度][2]
|
||||
* [私有 5G 可以解决 Wi-Fi 不能解决的一些问题][3]
|
||||
* [私有 5G 让惠而浦无人驾驶汽车到来][4] 。
|
||||
* [5G 可使私有回传具有成本效益][5]
|
||||
* [CBRS 可以把私有 5G 带到企业][6]
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
在 2018 年的《国防授权法案》中，总部位于中国的华为和中兴通讯都被禁止向政府提供设备，随后不久，就是全面禁止进口。这大大改变了竞争格局，并引发了美国 5G 的形态可能因此而改变的问题。
|
||||
|
||||
Gartner 的分析师 Michael Porowski 表示，虽然还不完全清楚，但有可能运营商在哪里购买 5G 设备的限制正在减缓部署。
|
||||
|
||||
他说：”仍然有充足的供应商：爱立信、诺基亚、三星。中兴和华为都是更经济的选择。如果它们可用，你可能会看到更快的采用速度。”
|
||||
|
||||
451 Research 的研究总监 Christian Renaud 表示，业界有一种感觉，即华为设备既复杂又价格低廉，但在没有华为的情况下，运营商也没有明确的替代方案。
|
||||
|
||||
他说：”这里，会有运营商以诺基亚或爱立信为标准。（而且）现在判断谁最复杂还为时过早，因为部署是如此有限。”
|
||||
|
||||
这种争论在运营商本身的覆盖地图上得到证实。虽然他们很快就大肆宣传 5G 服务在美国许多市场的存在，但实际的地理覆盖范围大多局限于大城市核心区的公共场所。简而言之，大部分地区的 5G 部署还没有到来。
|
||||
|
||||
部署缓慢是有充分理由的。5G 接入点的部署密度要远高于早期一代无线技术，因此过程中涉及的内容更多，也更耗时。还有一个问题是，目前可用的 5G 用户设备数量还很少。
|
||||
|
||||
Renaud 说：”这就好比说， 在有人发明汽车之前，说”我已经有了这条八车道的超级高速公路“。“
|
||||
|
||||
设备供应商目前的部分目标是通过私人部署来展示 5G 的潜力，这些部署将该技术用回传，用于支持[物联网][8]和其他针对单个企业的链接场景。
|
||||
|
||||
Renaud 说：”（设备供应商）都在大力推动私有化这一块，然后他们可以利用这一点说，你看，我在私有化的 5G 这块做着布鲁克林造船厂之类的事情，所以，如果我能实现，我就可以运行人们的 YouTube 连接。“
|
||||
|
||||
中国禁令的一个不幸结果可能是供应商为满足 5G 要求而遵循的规范的分裂。Renaud 称，如果非中国供应商必须为允许华为和中兴的市场制作一个版本，而为不允许华为和中兴的地方制作不同的版本，这可能会给他们带来新的麻烦。
|
||||
|
||||
他说：”这将把成本负担转移到设备制造商身上，来试图支持不同的运营商实施。我们会造成非技术性的障碍。” 而这些，又会导致客户体验受到影响。
|
||||
|
||||
但是，5G 已经接受了一种拥有更高的互操作性的[开放无线接入网技术][9]，它将 5G 栈各层之间的软件接口标准化。运营商和设备商都接受了这一推动，使得互操作性更有可能，这可能会在未来吸引更多的玩家。
|
||||
|
||||
当然，即便是普遍的互操作性，设备制造商仍然会试图建立客户依赖性。他说”在试图锁定客户的供应商和试图保持供应商中立的客户之间，总是会有一场拉锯战。这不会有很大的改变。（但是）我们显然已经看到了试图更加开放的动向。”
|
||||
|
||||
加入 [Facebook][10] 和 [LinkedIn][11] 上的 Network World 社区，对热门话题进行评论。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3575408/huawei-ban-could-complicate-5g-deployment.html
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Jon Gold][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://www.networkworld.com/author/Jon-Gold/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||
[1]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3203489/what-is-5g-fast-wireless-technology-for-enterprises-and-phones.html
|
||||
[2]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3568253/how-5g-frequency-affects-range-and-speed.html
|
||||
[3]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3568614/private-5g-can-solve-some-enterprise-problems-that-wi-fi-can-t.html
|
||||
[4]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3488799/private-5g-keeps-whirlpool-driverless-vehicles-rolling.html
|
||||
[5]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3570724/5g-can-make-for-cost-effective-private-backhaul.html
|
||||
[6]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3529291/cbrs-wireless-can-bring-private-5g-to-enterprises.html
|
||||
[8]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3207535/what-is-iot-the-internet-of-things-explained.html
|
||||
[9]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3574977/carriers-vendors-work-to-promote-5g-network-flexibility-with-open-standards.html
|
||||
[10]: https://www.facebook.com/NetworkWorld/
|
||||
[11]: https://www.linkedin.com/company/network-world
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user