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[Translated] 20140812 How to set up a USB network printer and scanner server on Debian.md
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Translating by GOLinux!
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How to set up a USB network printer and scanner server on Debian
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================================================================================
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Suppose you want to set up a Linux print server in your home/office network, but you only have USB printers available (as they are much cheaper than printers that have a built-in Ethernet jack or wireless ones). In addition, what if one of those devices is an AIO (All In One), and you also want to share its incorporated scanner over the network? In this article, I'll show you how to install and share a USB AIO (Epson CX3900 inkjet printer and scanner), a USB laser printer (Samsung ML-1640), and a PDF printer as the "cherry on top" - all in a GNU/Linux Debian 7.2 [Wheezy] server.
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Even though these printers are somewhat old (I bought the Epson AIO in 2007 and the laser printer in 2009), I believe that what I learned through the installation process can well be applied to newer models of the same brands and others: some drivers are available as precompiled .deb packages, while others can be installed directly from the repositories. After all, it's the underlying principles that matter.
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### Prerequisites ###
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To setup a network printer and scanner, we will be using [CUPS][1], which is an open-source printing system for Linux / UNIX / OSX.
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# aptitude install cups cups-pdf
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**Troubleshooting tip**: Depending on the state of your system (this issue can happen most likely after a failed manual install of a package or a misinstalled dependency), the front-end package management system may prompt you to uninstall a lot of packages in an attempt to resolve current dependencies before installing cups and cups-pdf. If this happens to be the case, you have two options:
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1) Install the packages via another front-end package management system, such as apt-get. Note that this is not entirely advisable since it will not fix the current issue.
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2) Run the following command: aptitude update && aptitude upgrade. This will fix the issue and upgrade the packages to their most recent version at the same time.
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### Configuring CUPS ###
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In order to be able to access the CUPS web interface, we need to do at least a minimum edit to the cupsd.conf file (server configuration file for CUPS). Before proceeding, however, let's make a backup copy of cupsd.conf:
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# cp cupsd.conf cupsd.conf.bkp
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and edit the original file (only the most relevant sections are shown):
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- **Listen**: Listens to the specified address and port or domain socket path.
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- **Location /path**: Specifies access control for the named location.
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- **Order**: Specifies the order of HTTP access control (allow,deny or deny,allow). Order allow,deny means that the Allow rules have precedence over (are processed before) the Deny rules.
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- **DefaultAuthType** (also valid for **AuthType**): Specifies the default type of authentication to use. Basic refers to the fact that the /etc/passwd file is used to authenticate users in CUPS.
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- **DefaultEncryption**: Specifies the type of encryption to use for authenticated requests.
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- **WebInterface**: Specifies whether the web interface is enabled.
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# Listen for connections from the local machine
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Listen 192.168.0.15:631
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# Restrict access to the server
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<Location />
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Order allow,deny
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Allo 192.168.0.0/24
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</Location>
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# Default authentication type, when authentication is required
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DefaultAuthType Basic
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DefaultEncryption IfRequested
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# Web interface setting
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WebInterface Yes
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# Restrict access to the admin pages
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<Location /admin>
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Order allow,deny
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Allow 192.168.0.0/24
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</Location>
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Now let's restart CUPS to apply the changes:
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# service cups restart
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In order to allow another user (other than root) to modify printer settings, we must add him / her to the lp (grants access to printer hardware and enables the user to manage print jobs) and lpadmin (owns printing preferences) groups as follows. Disregard this step if this is not necessary or desired in your current network setup.
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# adduser xmodulo lp
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# adduser xmodulo lpadmin
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### Configuring a Network Printer via CUPS Web Interface ###
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1. Launch a web browser and open the CUPS interface, available at http://<Server IP>:Port, which in our case means http://192.168.0.15:631:
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2. Go to the **Administration** tab and click on *Add printer*:
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3. Choose your printer; in this case, **EPSON Stylus CX3900 @ debian (Inkjet Inkjet Printer)**, and click on **Continue**:
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4. It's time to name the printer and indicate whether we want to share it from the current workstation or not:
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5. Install the driver - Select the brand and click on **Continue**.
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6. If the printer is not supported natively by CUPS (not listed in the next page), we will have to download the driver from the manufacturer's web site (e.g., [http://download.ebz.epson.net/dsc/search/01/search/?OSC=LX][2]) and return to this screen later.
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7. Note that this precompiled .deb file must be sent somehow to the printer server (for example, via sftp or scp) from the machine that we used to download it (of course this could have been easier if we had a direct link to the file instead of the download button):
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8. Once we have placed the .deb file in our server, we will install it:
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# dpkg -i epson-inkjet-printer-escpr_1.4.1-1lsb3.2_i386.deb
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**Troubleshooting tip**: If the lsb package (a standard core system that third-party applications written for Linux can depend upon) is not installed, the driver installation will not succeed:
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We will install lsb and then attempt to install the printer driver again:
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# aptitude install lsb
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# dpkg -i epson-inkjet-printer-escpr_1.4.1-1lsb3.2_i386.deb
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9. Now we can return to step #5 and install the printer:
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### Configuring a Network Scanner ###
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Now we will proceed to configure the printer server to share a scanner as well. First, install [xsane][3] which is a frontend for [SANE][4]: Scanner Access Now Easy.
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# aptitude install xsane
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Next, let's enable the saned service by editing the /etc/default/saned file:
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# Set to yes to start saned
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RUN=yes
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Finally, we will check whether saned is already running (most likely not - then we'll start the service and check again):
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# ps -ef | grep saned | grep -v grep
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# service saned start
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### Configuring a Second Network Printer ###
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With CUPS, you can configure multiple network printers. Let's configure an additional printer via CUPS: Samsung ML-1640, which is a USB laser printer.
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The splix package contains the drivers for monochrome (ML-15xx, ML-16xx, ML-17xx, ML-2xxx) and color (CLP-5xx, CLP-6xx) Samsung printers. In addition, the detailed information about the package (available via aptitude show splix) indicates that some rebranded Samsungs like the Xerox Phaser 6100 work with this driver.
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# aptitude install splix
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Then we will install the printer itself using the CUPS web interface, as explained earlier:
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### Installing the PDF Printer ###
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Next, let's configure PDF printer on the printer server, so that you can convert documents into PDF format from client computers.
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Since we already installed the cups-pdf package, the PDF printer was installed automatically, which can be verified through the web interface:
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When the PDF printer is selected, documents will be written to a configurable directory (by default to ~/PDF), or can be further manipulated by a post-processing command.
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In the next article, we'll configure a desktop client to access these printers and scanner over the network.
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://xmodulo.com/2014/08/usb-network-printer-and-scanner-server-debian.html
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作者：[Gabriel Cánepa][a]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:http://www.gabrielcanepa.com.ar/
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[1]:https://www.cups.org/
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[2]:http://download.ebz.epson.net/dsc/search/01/search/?OSC=LX
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[3]:http://www.xsane.org/
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[4]:http://www.sane-project.org/
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在Debian上设置USB网络打印机和扫描仪服务器
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================================================================================
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假定你想要在你的家庭/办公网络中设置一台Linux打印服务器，而你手头上却只有USB打印机可用（因为他们比那些有着内建网络接口或无线模块的打印机要便宜得多）。此外，如果这些设备中有一台是一体化的，而你也想要通过网络共享其整合的扫描仪，这该怎么办？在本文中，我将介绍怎样安装并共享一台USB一体机（Epson CX3900喷墨打印机和扫描仪），一台USB激光打印机（Samsung ML-1640），以及作为锦上添花，配置一台PDF打印机。所有这一切，我们都将在GNU/Linux Debian 7.2 [Wheezy]服务器中实现。
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尽管这些打印机看起来有点老旧了（我是在2007年买的Epson一体机，2009年买的激光打印机），但我仍然相信我从安装过程中学到的东西也一样能应用到该品牌的新产品和其它品牌中去：有一些预编译的.deb包驱动可用，而其它驱动可以从仓库中直接安装。毕竟，它是重要的基本原则。
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### 先决条件 ###
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要设置网络打印机和扫描仪，我们将使用[CUPS][1]，它是一个用于Linux/UNIX/OSX的开源打印系统。
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# aptitude install cups cups-pdf
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**排障提示**：根据你的系统状况（这个问题很可能在手动安装包失败后，或者缺少依赖包的时候会发生），在安装cups和cups-pdf前端包管理系统可能会提示你卸载许多包以尝试解决当前依赖问题。如果这种情况真的发生，你只有两个选择：
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1）通过另外一个前端包管理系统安装包，如apt-get。注意，并不建议进行这样的处理，因为它不会解决当前的问题。
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2）运行以下命令：aptitude update && aptitude upgrade。该命令会修复此问题，并同时更新包到最新版本。
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### 配置CUPS ###
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为了能够访问CUPS的网页接口，我们需要至少对cupsd.conf文件（用于CUPS的服务器配置文件）进行一次最低限度的修改。在进行修改前，让我们为cupsd.conf做个备份副本：
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# cp cupsd.conf cupsd.conf.bkp
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然后，编辑原始文件（下面只显示了最为有关联的部分）：
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- **Listen**：监听指定的地址和端口，或者域套接口路径。
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- **Location /path**：为命名的位置指定访问控制。
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- **Order**：指定HTTP访问控制顺序（allow,deny或deny,allow）。Order allow,deny是说允许规则先于（并且优先处理）拒绝规则。
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- **DefaultAuthType** (也可以用**AuthType**)： 指定默认使用的认证类型。Basic是指使用/etc/passwd文件来认证CUPS中的用户。
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- **DefaultEncryption**：指定认证请求说使用的加密类型。
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- **WebInterface**：指定是否启用网页接口。
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# Listen for connections from the local machine
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Listen 192.168.0.15:631
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# Restrict access to the server
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<Location />
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Order allow,deny
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Allo 192.168.0.0/24
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</Location>
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# Default authentication type, when authentication is required
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DefaultAuthType Basic
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DefaultEncryption IfRequested
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# Web interface setting
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WebInterface Yes
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# Restrict access to the admin pages
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<Location /admin>
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Order allow,deny
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Allow 192.168.0.0/24
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</Location>
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现在，让我们重启CUPS来应用修改：
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# service cups restart
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为了允许另外一个用户（除了root之外）修改打印机设置，我们必须像下面这样添加他/她到lp（授权对打印机硬件的访问并启用用户管理打印任务）和lpadmin（拥有打印优先）组。如果在你当前网络设置没有必要或不需要该设置，你可以不用理会该步骤。
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# adduser xmodulo lp
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# adduser xmodulo lpadmin
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### 通过网页接口配置网络打印机 ###
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1. 启动网页浏览器，并打开CUPS接口http://<Server IP>:Port，这里在我们的例子中是http://192.168.0.15:631：
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2. 转到**管理**标签，然后点击*添加打印机*：
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3. 选择你的打印机；在本例中，**EPSON Stylus CX3900 @ debian (Inkjet Inkjet Printer)**，然后点击**继续**：
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4. 是时候为打印机取个名字，并指定我们是否想要从当前工作站共享它：
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5. 安装驱动——选择品牌并点击**继续**。
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6. 如果打印机如果不被CUPS支持（没有在下一页中列出来），我们必须从生产厂家的网站上下载驱动（如[http://download.ebz.epson.net/dsc/search/01/search/?OSC=LX][2]），安装完后回到该页。
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7. 注意，预编译的.deb文件必须从我们使用的机器上发送（例如，通过sftp或scp）到打印服务器（当然，如果我们有一个直接的下载链接就更加简单了，而不用下载按钮了）：
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8. 在将.deb文件放到服务器上后，我们就可以安装了：
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# dpkg -i epson-inkjet-printer-escpr_1.4.1-1lsb3.2_i386.deb
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**排障提示**：如果lsb包（一个第三方Linux应用编写者可以依赖标准核心系统）没有安装，那么驱动会无法安装：
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我们将安装lsb，然后尝试再次安装打印机驱动：
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# aptitude install lsb
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# dpkg -i epson-inkjet-printer-escpr_1.4.1-1lsb3.2_i386.deb
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9. 现在，我们可以返回到第五步并安装打印机：
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### 配置网络扫描仪 ###
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现在，我们将继续配置打印机服务器来共享扫描仪。首先，安装[xsane][3]，这是[SANE][4]——扫描仪快捷访问的前端：
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# aptitude install xsane
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接下来，让我们编辑/etc/default/saned文件以启用saned服务：
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# Set to yes to start saned
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RUN=yes
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最后，我们将检查saned是否已经在运行了（很可能不在运行哦——那么我们将启动服务并再来检查）：
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# ps -ef | grep saned | grep -v grep
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# service saned start
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### 配置另一台网络打印机 ###
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通过CUPS，你可以配置多台网络打印机。让我们通过CUPS配置一台额外的打印机：Samsung ML-1640，它是一台USB打印机。
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splix包包含了单色（ML-15xx, ML-16xx, ML-17xx, ML-2xxx）和彩色（CLP-5xx, CLP-6xx）Samsung打印机驱动。此外，此包的详细信息中指出，一些新命名的Samsung打印机，如Xerox Phaser 6100也适用此驱动。
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# aptitude install splix
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然后我们将使用CUPS网页接口来安装打印机，就像前面一样：
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### 安装PDF打印机 ###
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接下来，让我们在打印服务器上配置一台PDF打印机。这样，你就可以将来自客户计算机的文档转换成PDF格式了。
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由于我们已经安装了cups-pdf包，PDF打印机就已经自动安装好了，可以通过网页接口验证：
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当选定PDF打印机后，文档将被写入可配置目录（默认是~/PDF），或者也可以通过后续处理命令进行复制。
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在下一篇文章中，我们将配置桌面客户端来通过网络访问打印机和扫描仪。
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://xmodulo.com/2014/08/usb-network-printer-and-scanner-server-debian.html
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作者：[Gabriel Cánepa][a]
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译者：[GOLinux](https://github.com/GOLinux)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:http://www.gabrielcanepa.com.ar/
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[1]:https://www.cups.org/
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[2]:http://download.ebz.epson.net/dsc/search/01/search/?OSC=LX
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[3]:http://www.xsane.org/
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[4]:http://www.sane-project.org/
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