Merge pull request #30296 from lujun9972/add-MjAyMzEwMTUgSW5zdGFsbCBhbmQgVXNlIE5peCBQYWNrYWdlIE1hbmFnZXIgb24gbm9uLU5peCBPUyBsaWtlIFVidW50dS5tZAo=

自动选题[tech]: 20231015 Install and Use Nix Package Manager on non-Nix OS like Ubuntu
2024-12-23 21:20:42 +08:00 · 2023-10-16 07:48:27 +08:00 · 2023-10-16 07:48:27 +08:00 · 3338fdcdbf
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+[#]: subject: "Install and Use Nix Package Manager on non-Nix OS like Ubuntu"
+[#]: via: "https://itsfoss.com/ubuntu-install-nix-package-manager/"
+[#]: author: "Sagar Sharma https://itsfoss.com/author/sagar/"
+[#]: collector: "lujun9972/lctt-scripts-1693450080"
+[#]: translator: " "
+[#]: reviewer: " "
+[#]: publisher: " "
+[#]: url: " "
+
+Install and Use Nix Package Manager on non-Nix OS like Ubuntu
+======
+
+One of the reasons [why people like using the immutable NixOS][1] is its Nix package manager.
+
+It has over 80,000 packages, which might not be close to the number of Debian packages but pretty impressive nonetheless.
+
+The good thing is that you don't have to [install NixOS][2] just for the package manager. Like [Homebrew][3] and Rust's [Cargo package manager][4], you can use Nix package manager in your present distribution.
+
+Why would you do that? Because sometimes, you may find a new application that is only available in Nix packaging format. It's rare but possible.
+
+In this tutorial, I will walk you through the following:
+
+  * Installing Nix package manager
+  * Searching and installing packages
+  * Try/test packages without installing them
+  * Update packages
+  * Removing packages
+
+
+
+### Install Nix package manager on other Linux distros
+
+There are two ways to install the Nix package manager: global install and local install.
+
+📋
+
+The global install means the nix package manager will be accessible by every user available on the system, whereas the local installation is only for the current user. The [official Nix documentation][5] recommends you use the global install.
+
+##### For global installation:
+
+If you want to install the Nix package manager globally, then, you need to execute the following command:
+
+```
+
+    sh <(curl -L https://nixos.org/nix/install) --daemon
+
+```
+
+Once you execute the above command, you need to enter the `y` key and press the `Enter` key:
+
+![][6]
+
+Once done, close the current terminal as it won't work on the current terminal session.
+
+##### For local installation:
+
+If you prefer the local installation and don't want to use sudo every time, then execute the following command:
+
+```
+
+    sh <(curl -L https://nixos.org/nix/install) --no-daemon
+
+```
+
+Enter `y` and press the `Enter` key when asked for the confirmation.
+
+Once done, close the current terminal session and start a new one to use the Nix package manager.
+
+### Search and install packages
+
+Once you have installed the Nix package manager, the next step is to search for packages.
+
+First, [visit the official page of Nix search][7] and type the name of the package that you want to install.
+
+From the given description, you can find the package which you were looking for and then, choose the `nix-env` to go with the permanent installation.
+
+Here, you can add some extra keywords to have better search results. For example, here, I searched for "Firefox browser":
+
+![][8]
+
+The last step that I mentioned above (copy command) does nothing but gives you a command that you execute for the installation.
+
+Now, all you have to do is execute that command in your terminal.
+
+In my case, it gave me the following command to install Firefox:
+
+```
+
+    nix-env -iA nixpkgs.firefox
+
+```
+
+Once done, you can list the installed packages using the following command:
+
+```
+
+    nix-env -q
+
+```
+
+![][9]
+
+### Use packages without installing them
+
+By far this is the best feature of the Nix package manager as you get to use/test packages that are not even installed!
+
+For this, you can use the nix shell which lets you use an interactive shell with the specified package, and once closed, you can no longer access that package.
+
+Cool, right?
+
+To use the nix-shell to access your favorite package, use the following command syntax:
+
+```
+
+    nix-shell -p <package_name>
+
+```
+
+For example, I wanted to use neofetch once, so I used the following:
+
+```
+
+    nix-shell -p neofetch
+
+```
+
+![][10]
+
+To exit from the shell, all you have to do is execute the `exit` command:
+
+```
+
+    exit
+
+```
+
+### Update packages using the Nix package manager
+
+Updating packages using the Nix package manager is pretty easy.
+
+To update packages, first, you need to update channels using the following command:
+
+```
+
+    nix-channel --update
+
+```
+
+Next, you can list the outdated packages by dry-running the update command:
+
+```
+
+    nix-env --upgrade --dry-run
+
+```
+
+![][11]
+
+In my case, the Firefox browser was outdated and needs to be updated!
+
+To update a single package, use the following command:
+
+```
+
+    nix-env -u <Package_name>
+
+```
+
+And if you want to update all the packages at once, then use the following:
+
+```
+
+    nix-env -u
+
+```
+
+### Remove packages using the Nix package manager
+
+To remove packages, all you have to do is execute the `nix-env` command in the following manner:
+
+```
+
+    nix-env --uninstall [package_name]
+
+```
+
+For example, if I want to remove the Firefox browser, then, I will use the following command:
+
+```
+
+    nix-env --uninstall firefox
+
+```
+
+![][12]
+
+### Unlock its full potential with NixOS
+
+If you liked the idea behind the Nix package manager, trust me, you're going to love the [NixOS][13].
+
+Reproducing the entire system just by using one config file was enough to convince me to make a switch to NixOS but there are more reasons:
+
+![][14]
+
+I love NixOS. So much so that I wrote a whole series so you don't have to go through documentation (for basics):
+
+![][14]
+
+I hope you will enjoy using it as much as I do.
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+via: https://itsfoss.com/ubuntu-install-nix-package-manager/
+
+作者：[Sagar Sharma][a]
+选题：[lujun9972][b]
+译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
+校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
+
+本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
+
+[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/sagar/
+[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
+[1]: https://itsfoss.com/why-use-nixos/
+[2]: https://itsfoss.com/install-nixos-vm/
+[3]: https://itsfoss.com/homebrew-linux/
+[4]: https://itsfoss.com/install-rust-cargo-ubuntu-linux/
+[5]: https://nixos.org/learn
+[6]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/10/Install-nix-package-manager-globally.png
+[7]: https://search.nixos.org/packages
+[8]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/10/Search-packages-to-install-using-the-Nix-package-manager.png
+[9]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/10/List-installed-packages-using-the-nix-package-manager.png
+[10]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/10/Use-packages-wihout-installing-them-using-the-nix-package-manager.png
+[11]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/10/List-outdated-packages-using-the-nix-package-manager.png
+[12]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/2023/10/Remove-packages-using-the-nix-package-manager-1.png
+[13]: https://nixos.org/
+[14]: https://itsfoss.com/content/images/size/w256h256/2022/12/android-chrome-192x192.png