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[#]: subject: "How to Switch from Debian Stable to Testing"
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[#]: via: "https://itsfoss.com/switch-debian-stable-testing/"
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[#]: author: "Sagar Sharma https://itsfoss.com/author/sagar/"
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[#]: collector: "lkxed"
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[#]: translator: "geekpi"
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[#]: reviewer: " "
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[#]: publisher: " "
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[#]: url: " "
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How to Switch from Debian Stable to Testing
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======
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If you are looking for the most stable Linux distribution, sure, Debian is the right choice.
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Especially if you are planning to use it on servers.
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But, on the desktop side, things are a bit different. I mean, you are given packages that are at least a year old and support for new-age hardware is even worse.
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So what do you do in those cases, Well, you can use Debian testing!
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But before jumping to the explanation part, let’s briefly understand Debian testing.
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### What is Debian Testing?
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Debian offers you 3 variants of Debian:
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- Debian stable (what you get by default from their homepage).
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- Debian testing (has **newer packages** and breaks less often than Debian unstable).
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- Debian unstable (has the most recent packages and is **considered the most fragile of all**).
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So Debian testing can be considered a sweet spot between stability and fresh packages.
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I’ve been playing around with Debian testing for some time and haven’t faced any issues.
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In fact, many Debian users prefer the testing variant over the stable version. Despite the name testing, it is pretty usable.
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But still, **I would recommend you to experiment with this on VM,** try using it with your primary tools and if things go well, you can apply those changes in the main system.
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### Switch from Debian stable to Debian testing
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**_Warning: You can not downgrade from Debian testing to Debian stable, as installer scripts and installation tools are only designed to replace the older version with the new one._**
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Also, I would recommend [using timeshift to create a backup][1] before applying the shown steps on your main machine.
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First, update the existing packages using the given command:
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```
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sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y
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```
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Next, make a copy of original `sources.list` file:
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```
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sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list sources.list.backup
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```
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Now, let’s start with the first step.
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#### Step 1: Edit sources.list file
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There are two ways of editing `sources.list` file. Either you can manually alter the current release name with `testing` or you can [use the sed command][2] to get your job done.
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And I’m going with a 2nd one to make the whole process easier. You just have to use the given command, and it will replace `bullseye` with `testing` for you:
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```
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sudo sed -i 's/bullseye/testing/g' /etc/apt/sources.list
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```
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Now, open your terminal and use the given command to open `sources.list` files:
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```
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sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list
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```
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And comment out the lines having `security.debian.org` and anything that ends with `-updates` as shown below:
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![comment out security sources][3]
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If you are using nano as I do, you can press `Alt + /` to jump to the end of the line. And then you have to add the following line:
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```
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deb http://security.debian.org testing-security main
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```
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![2. add line to keep track of testing in debian][4]
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And [save the changes and exit from the nano][5] text editor.
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#### Step 2: Update the Repository and install new packages
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Now, update the repository index, and it will show you a massive update pending:
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```
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sudo apt update
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```
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![update repository in linux][6]
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Now, you can use the given command, and it will get you the most recent packages:
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```
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sudo apt upgrade
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```
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Sit back and relax as it is going to take a while.
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Once done, it will present you with the list of changes made as you switched from Debian stable to testing:
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![packages that are updated when switched to debian testing][7]
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You can read if you want or you can **just press q** to proceed further.
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Now, it will show you the message that some of the libraries installed on your system needs to restart. Press the **TAB** key, and it will select the **OK** option, and then press **Enter:**
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![libraries needs to be restarted after update][8]
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Next, it will ask you whether you want to restart services during the package upgrade. Here you have a choice. As I’m doing this for desktop usage only, I will go with `YES`:
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![restart services during package upgrades without asking?][9]
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Once done, you can reboot your system and then use the following command to have full effect from the changes you’ve just made:
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```
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sudo apt full-upgrade
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```
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Now, reboot your system, and you’ll have the most recent packages. Such as **I was running GNOME 43** when I got into the system:
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![running gnome 43 in debian][10]
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### Wrapping Up
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In this tutorial, I explained how you could switch from Debian stable to Debian testing. I hope this will be helpful to you.
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And if you face any issues or have any queries, let me know in the comments.
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://itsfoss.com/switch-debian-stable-testing/
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作者：[Sagar Sharma][a]
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选题：[lkxed][b]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/sagar/
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[b]: https://github.com/lkxed
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[1]: https://itsfoss.com/backup-restore-linux-timeshift/
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[2]: https://linuxhandbook.com/sed-command-basics/
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[3]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/comment-out-security-sources.gif
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[4]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/2.-add-line-to-keep-track-of-testing-in-debian.png
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[5]: https://linuxhandbook.com/nano-save-exit/
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[6]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/update-repository-in-linux.png
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[7]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/packages-that-are-updated-when-switched-to-debian-testing.png
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[8]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/libraries-needs-to-be-restarted-after-update.png
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[9]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/restart-services-during-package-upgrades-without-asking.png
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[10]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/running-gnome-43-in-debian.png
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@ -0,0 +1,159 @@
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[#]: subject: "How to Switch from Debian Stable to Testing"
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[#]: via: "https://itsfoss.com/switch-debian-stable-testing/"
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[#]: author: "Sagar Sharma https://itsfoss.com/author/sagar/"
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[#]: collector: "lkxed"
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[#]: translator: "geekpi"
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[#]: reviewer: " "
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[#]: publisher: " "
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[#]: url: " "
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如何从 Debian stable 切换到 testing
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======
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如果你正在寻找最稳定的 Linux 发行版，当然，Debian 是正确的选择。
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特别是如果你打算在服务器上使用它。
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但是，在桌面方面，情况就有点不同了。我的意思是，你得到的软件包至少是一年前的，对新时代硬件的支持甚至更糟。
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那么，在这种情况下，你会怎么做呢？好吧，你可以使用 Debian testing。
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但在跳到解释部分之前，让我们简单了解一下 Debian testing。
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### 什么是 Debian testing？
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Debian 为你提供 3 种不同的 Debian：
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- Debian stable (你从他们的主页上默认得到的东西)。
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- Debian testing (有**新的软件包**，比 Debian unstable 更少出现故障)。
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- Debian unstable（拥有最新的软件包，是**所有版本中最脆弱的**）。
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因此，Debian testing 可以被认为是稳定性和新软件包之间的一个甜蜜点。
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我已经玩了一段时间的 Debian testing，没有遇到任何问题。
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事实上，许多 Debian 用户喜欢测试版而不是稳定版。尽管名字叫测试，但它是相当可用的。
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但是，**我还是建议你在虚拟机上进行实验**，尝试用你的主要工具来使用它，如果事情进展顺利，你可以在主系统中应用这些变化。
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### 从 Debian stable 切换到 Debian testing
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**_警告：你不能从 Debian testing 降级到 Debian stable，因为安装脚本和安装工具只是为了用新版本替换旧版本而设计的。_**
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另外，我建议在你的主机上应用上述步骤之前，[使用 timeshift 创建一个备份][1] 。
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首先，使用给定的命令更新现有的软件包：
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```
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sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y
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```
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接下来，复制原始的 `sources.list` 文件：
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```
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sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list sources.list.backup
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```
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现在，让我们开始第一步的工作。
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#### 步骤 1：编辑 sources.list 文件
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有两种方法可以编辑 `sources.list` 文件。要么你可以用 `testing` 手动改变当前版本的名称，要么你可以[使用 sed 命令][2]来完成你的工作。
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而我要用第二种方法来使整个过程更简单。你只需要使用给定的命令，它就会为你把 `bullseye` 替换成 `testing`：
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```
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sudo sed -i 's/bullseye/testing/g' /etc/apt/sources.list
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```
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现在，打开你的终端，使用给定的命令来打开 `sources.list` 文件：
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```
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sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list
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```
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并注释掉有 `security.debian.org` 和任何以 `updates` 结尾的行，如下所示：
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![comment out security sources][3]
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如果你像我一样使用 nano，你可以按 `Alt + /` 跳到该行的最后。然后你要添加以下一行：
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```
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deb http://security.debian.org testing-security main
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```
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![2. add line to keep track of testing in debian][4]
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然后[保存修改并退出 nano][5] 文本编辑器。
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#### 步骤 2：更新仓库并安装新的软件包
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现在，更新仓库索引，它会显示大量的更新等待：
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```
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sudo apt update
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```
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![update repository in linux][6]
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现在，你可以使用给定的命令，它将为你提供最新的软件包：
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```
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sudo apt upgrade
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```
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坐下来，放松一下，因为这将需要一些时间。
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完成后，它将向你展示从 Debian stable 切换到 testing 时的变化列表：
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![packages that are updated when switched to debian testing][7]
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如果你愿意，你可以阅读，或者你可以**直接按 q** 继续。
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现在，它会告诉你，你系统上安装的一些库需要重新启动。按 **TAB** 键，它将选择 **OK**，然后按**回车**：。
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![libraries needs to be restarted after update][8]
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接下来，它会问你是否要在软件包升级期间重启服务。这里你有一个选择。由于我只做桌面使用，我将选择 “YES”。
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![restart services during package upgrades without asking?][9]
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完成后，你可以重启你的系统，然后使用下面的命令，让你刚才的改变完全生效：
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```
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sudo apt full-upgrade
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```
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现在，重启你的系统，你就会拥有最新的软件包。比如**我进入系统时正在运行 GNOME 43**：
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![running gnome 43 in debian][10]
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### 总结
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在本教程中，我解释了如何从 Debian stable 切换到 Debian testing。我希望这对你会有帮助。
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如果你遇到任何问题或有任何疑问，请在评论中告诉我。
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://itsfoss.com/switch-debian-stable-testing/
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作者：[Sagar Sharma][a]
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选题：[lkxed][b]
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译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
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||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
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[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/sagar/
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[b]: https://github.com/lkxed
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[1]: https://itsfoss.com/backup-restore-linux-timeshift/
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[2]: https://linuxhandbook.com/sed-command-basics/
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[3]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/comment-out-security-sources.gif
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[4]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/2.-add-line-to-keep-track-of-testing-in-debian.png
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[5]: https://linuxhandbook.com/nano-save-exit/
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[6]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/update-repository-in-linux.png
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[7]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/packages-that-are-updated-when-switched-to-debian-testing.png
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[8]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/libraries-needs-to-be-restarted-after-update.png
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[9]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/restart-services-during-package-upgrades-without-asking.png
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[10]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/running-gnome-43-in-debian.png
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