From 3690346a0bfb71526016198abe6658499dcc0bef Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: geekpi Date: Tue, 7 Feb 2023 08:58:43 +0800 Subject: [PATCH] translated --- ...️ How to Switch from Debian Stable to Testing.md | 159 ------------------ ...️ How to Switch from Debian Stable to Testing.md | 159 ++++++++++++++++++ 2 files changed, 159 insertions(+), 159 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 sources/tech/20221215.0 ⭐️⭐️ How to Switch from Debian Stable to Testing.md create mode 100644 translated/tech/20221215.0 ⭐️⭐️ How to Switch from Debian Stable to Testing.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20221215.0 ⭐️⭐️ How to Switch from Debian Stable to Testing.md b/sources/tech/20221215.0 ⭐️⭐️ How to Switch from Debian Stable to Testing.md deleted file mode 100644 index 585f2c96dc..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/20221215.0 ⭐️⭐️ How to Switch from Debian Stable to Testing.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,159 +0,0 @@ -[#]: subject: "How to Switch from Debian Stable to Testing" -[#]: via: "https://itsfoss.com/switch-debian-stable-testing/" -[#]: author: "Sagar Sharma https://itsfoss.com/author/sagar/" -[#]: collector: "lkxed" -[#]: translator: "geekpi" -[#]: reviewer: " " -[#]: publisher: " " -[#]: url: " " - -How to Switch from Debian Stable to Testing -====== - -If you are looking for the most stable Linux distribution, sure, Debian is the right choice. - -Especially if you are planning to use it on servers. - -But, on the desktop side, things are a bit different. I mean, you are given packages that are at least a year old and support for new-age hardware is even worse. - -So what do you do in those cases, Well, you can use Debian testing! - -But before jumping to the explanation part, let’s briefly understand Debian testing. - -### What is Debian Testing? - -Debian offers you 3 variants of Debian: - -- Debian stable (what you get by default from their homepage). -- Debian testing (has **newer packages** and breaks less often than Debian unstable). -- Debian unstable (has the most recent packages and is **considered the most fragile of all**). - -So Debian testing can be considered a sweet spot between stability and fresh packages. - -I’ve been playing around with Debian testing for some time and haven’t faced any issues. - -In fact, many Debian users prefer the testing variant over the stable version. Despite the name testing, it is pretty usable. - -But still, **I would recommend you to experiment with this on VM,** try using it with your primary tools and if things go well, you can apply those changes in the main system. - -### Switch from Debian stable to Debian testing - -**_Warning: You can not downgrade from Debian testing to Debian stable, as installer scripts and installation tools are only designed to replace the older version with the new one._** - -Also, I would recommend [using timeshift to create a backup][1] before applying the shown steps on your main machine. - -First, update the existing packages using the given command: - -``` -sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y -``` - -Next, make a copy of original `sources.list` file: - -``` -sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list sources.list.backup -``` - -Now, let’s start with the first step. - -#### Step 1: Edit sources.list file - -There are two ways of editing `sources.list` file. Either you can manually alter the current release name with `testing` or you can [use the sed command][2] to get your job done. - -And I’m going with a 2nd one to make the whole process easier. You just have to use the given command, and it will replace `bullseye` with `testing` for you: - -``` -sudo sed -i 's/bullseye/testing/g' /etc/apt/sources.list -``` - -Now, open your terminal and use the given command to open `sources.list` files: - -``` -sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list -``` - -And comment out the lines having `security.debian.org` and anything that ends with `-updates` as shown below: - -![comment out security sources][3] - -If you are using nano as I do, you can press `Alt + /` to jump to the end of the line. And then you have to add the following line: - -``` -deb http://security.debian.org testing-security main -``` - -![2. add line to keep track of testing in debian][4] - -And [save the changes and exit from the nano][5] text editor. - -#### Step 2: Update the Repository and install new packages - -Now, update the repository index, and it will show you a massive update pending: - -``` -sudo apt update -``` - -![update repository in linux][6] - -Now, you can use the given command, and it will get you the most recent packages: - -``` -sudo apt upgrade -``` - -Sit back and relax as it is going to take a while. - -Once done, it will present you with the list of changes made as you switched from Debian stable to testing: - -![packages that are updated when switched to debian testing][7] - -You can read if you want or you can **just press q** to proceed further. - -Now, it will show you the message that some of the libraries installed on your system needs to restart. Press the **TAB** key, and it will select the **OK** option, and then press **Enter:** - -![libraries needs to be restarted after update][8] - -Next, it will ask you whether you want to restart services during the package upgrade. Here you have a choice. As I’m doing this for desktop usage only, I will go with `YES`: - -![restart services during package upgrades without asking?][9] - -Once done, you can reboot your system and then use the following command to have full effect from the changes you’ve just made: - -``` -sudo apt full-upgrade -``` - -Now, reboot your system, and you’ll have the most recent packages. Such as **I was running GNOME 43** when I got into the system: - -![running gnome 43 in debian][10] - -### Wrapping Up - -In this tutorial, I explained how you could switch from Debian stable to Debian testing. I hope this will be helpful to you. - -And if you face any issues or have any queries, let me know in the comments. - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: https://itsfoss.com/switch-debian-stable-testing/ - -作者：[Sagar Sharma][a] -选题：[lkxed][b] -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/sagar/ -[b]: https://github.com/lkxed -[1]: https://itsfoss.com/backup-restore-linux-timeshift/ -[2]: https://linuxhandbook.com/sed-command-basics/ -[3]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/comment-out-security-sources.gif -[4]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/2.-add-line-to-keep-track-of-testing-in-debian.png -[5]: https://linuxhandbook.com/nano-save-exit/ -[6]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/update-repository-in-linux.png -[7]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/packages-that-are-updated-when-switched-to-debian-testing.png -[8]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/libraries-needs-to-be-restarted-after-update.png -[9]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/restart-services-during-package-upgrades-without-asking.png -[10]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/running-gnome-43-in-debian.png diff --git a/translated/tech/20221215.0 ⭐️⭐️ How to Switch from Debian Stable to Testing.md b/translated/tech/20221215.0 ⭐️⭐️ How to Switch from Debian Stable to Testing.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..9b77bf91d7 --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/20221215.0 ⭐️⭐️ How to Switch from Debian Stable to Testing.md @@ -0,0 +1,159 @@ +[#]: subject: "How to Switch from Debian Stable to Testing" +[#]: via: "https://itsfoss.com/switch-debian-stable-testing/" +[#]: author: "Sagar Sharma https://itsfoss.com/author/sagar/" +[#]: collector: "lkxed" +[#]: translator: "geekpi" +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +如何从 Debian stable 切换到 testing +====== + +如果你正在寻找最稳定的 Linux 发行版，当然，Debian 是正确的选择。 + +特别是如果你打算在服务器上使用它。 + +但是，在桌面方面，情况就有点不同了。我的意思是，你得到的软件包至少是一年前的，对新时代硬件的支持甚至更糟。 + +那么，在这种情况下，你会怎么做呢？好吧，你可以使用 Debian testing。 + +但在跳到解释部分之前，让我们简单了解一下 Debian testing。 + +### 什么是 Debian testing？ + +Debian 为你提供 3 种不同的 Debian： + +- Debian stable (你从他们的主页上默认得到的东西)。 +- Debian testing (有**新的软件包**，比 Debian unstable 更少出现故障)。 +- Debian unstable（拥有最新的软件包，是**所有版本中最脆弱的**）。 + +因此，Debian testing 可以被认为是稳定性和新软件包之间的一个甜蜜点。 + +我已经玩了一段时间的 Debian testing，没有遇到任何问题。 + +事实上，许多 Debian 用户喜欢测试版而不是稳定版。尽管名字叫测试，但它是相当可用的。 + +但是，**我还是建议你在虚拟机上进行实验**，尝试用你的主要工具来使用它，如果事情进展顺利，你可以在主系统中应用这些变化。 + +### 从 Debian stable 切换到 Debian testing + +**_警告：你不能从 Debian testing 降级到 Debian stable，因为安装脚本和安装工具只是为了用新版本替换旧版本而设计的。_** + +另外，我建议在你的主机上应用上述步骤之前，[使用 timeshift 创建一个备份][1] 。 + +首先，使用给定的命令更新现有的软件包： + +``` +sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade -y +``` + +接下来，复制原始的 `sources.list` 文件： + +``` +sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list sources.list.backup +``` + +现在，让我们开始第一步的工作。 + +#### 步骤 1：编辑 sources.list 文件 + +有两种方法可以编辑 `sources.list` 文件。要么你可以用 `testing` 手动改变当前版本的名称，要么你可以[使用 sed 命令][2]来完成你的工作。 + +而我要用第二种方法来使整个过程更简单。你只需要使用给定的命令，它就会为你把 `bullseye` 替换成 `testing`： + +``` +sudo sed -i 's/bullseye/testing/g' /etc/apt/sources.list +``` + +现在，打开你的终端，使用给定的命令来打开 `sources.list` 文件： + +``` +sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list +``` + +并注释掉有 `security.debian.org` 和任何以 `updates` 结尾的行，如下所示： + +![comment out security sources][3] + +如果你像我一样使用 nano，你可以按 `Alt + /` 跳到该行的最后。然后你要添加以下一行： + +``` +deb http://security.debian.org testing-security main +``` + +![2. add line to keep track of testing in debian][4] + +然后[保存修改并退出 nano][5] 文本编辑器。 + +#### 步骤 2：更新仓库并安装新的软件包 + +现在，更新仓库索引，它会显示大量的更新等待： + +``` +sudo apt update +``` + +![update repository in linux][6] + +现在，你可以使用给定的命令，它将为你提供最新的软件包： + +``` +sudo apt upgrade +``` + +坐下来，放松一下，因为这将需要一些时间。 + +完成后，它将向你展示从 Debian stable 切换到 testing 时的变化列表： + +![packages that are updated when switched to debian testing][7] + +如果你愿意，你可以阅读，或者你可以**直接按 q** 继续。 + +现在，它会告诉你，你系统上安装的一些库需要重新启动。按 **TAB** 键，它将选择 **OK**，然后按**回车**：。 + +![libraries needs to be restarted after update][8] + +接下来，它会问你是否要在软件包升级期间重启服务。这里你有一个选择。由于我只做桌面使用，我将选择 “YES”。 + +![restart services during package upgrades without asking?][9] + +完成后，你可以重启你的系统，然后使用下面的命令，让你刚才的改变完全生效： + +``` +sudo apt full-upgrade +``` + +现在，重启你的系统，你就会拥有最新的软件包。比如**我进入系统时正在运行 GNOME 43**： + +![running gnome 43 in debian][10] + +### 总结 + +在本教程中，我解释了如何从 Debian stable 切换到 Debian testing。我希望这对你会有帮助。 + +如果你遇到任何问题或有任何疑问，请在评论中告诉我。 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://itsfoss.com/switch-debian-stable-testing/ + +作者：[Sagar Sharma][a] +选题：[lkxed][b] +译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/sagar/ +[b]: https://github.com/lkxed +[1]: https://itsfoss.com/backup-restore-linux-timeshift/ +[2]: https://linuxhandbook.com/sed-command-basics/ +[3]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/comment-out-security-sources.gif +[4]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/2.-add-line-to-keep-track-of-testing-in-debian.png +[5]: https://linuxhandbook.com/nano-save-exit/ +[6]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/update-repository-in-linux.png +[7]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/packages-that-are-updated-when-switched-to-debian-testing.png +[8]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/libraries-needs-to-be-restarted-after-update.png +[9]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/restart-services-during-package-upgrades-without-asking.png +[10]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/running-gnome-43-in-debian.png