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Vic020 ss: 获得socket统计的另一种方法
ss: another way to get socket statistics
============================================================ ============================================================
### Share or save 在之前的文章中,我有提到**ss**, _iproute2_ 包附带的另一个工具, 允许你查询socket的有关统计信息. 可以完成**netstat**同样的任务, 但是,ss稍微快一点而且命令更简短.
In an earlier blog post I mentioned **ss**, another tool that comes with the  _iproute2_  package and allows you to query statistics about sockets. The same thing that can be done with **netstat**, with the added benefit that it is typically a little bit faster, and shorter to type. 直接输入**ss**, 默认会显示与netstat同样的内容, 并且输入类似的参数可以获取你想要的类似输出. 例如:
Just **ss **by default will display much the same thing as netstat, and can be similarly passed options to limit the output to just what you want. For instance:
``` ```
$ ss -t $ ss -t
@ -15,15 +11,15 @@ State       Recv-Q Send-Q       Local Address:Port                
ESTAB       0      0                127.0.0.1:postgresql                     127.0.0.1:48154 ESTAB       0      0                127.0.0.1:postgresql                     127.0.0.1:48154
ESTAB       0      0            192.168.0.136:35296                      192.168.0.120:8009 ESTAB       0      0            192.168.0.136:35296                      192.168.0.120:8009
ESTAB       0      0            192.168.0.136:47574                     173.194.74.189:https ESTAB       0      0            192.168.0.136:47574                     173.194.74.189:https
[…]
``` ```
[…]
**ss -t **shows just TCP connections. **ss -u **can be used to show UDP connections, **-l **will show only listening ports, and things can be further filtered to just the information you want. **ss -t** 只显示TCP连接. **ss -u** 用于显示UDP连接, **-l** 只会显示监听的端口,而且可以进一步过滤到任何想要的信息。
I have not tested all the possible options, but you can even forcibly close sockets with **-K**. 我并没有测试所有可用参数, 但是可以使用 **-K** 强制关闭socket.
One place where **ss** really shines though is in its filtering capabilities. Let’s list all connections with a source port of 22 (ssh): **ss**真正耀眼的地方是内置的过滤能力.让我们列出所有端口为22(ssh)的连接:
``` ```
$ ss state all sport = :ssh $ ss state all sport = :ssh
@ -33,7 +29,7 @@ tcp   ESTAB      0      0          192.168.0.136:ssh          
tcp   LISTEN     0      128                   :::ssh                                 :::* tcp   LISTEN     0      128                   :::ssh                                 :::*
``` ```
And if I want to show only connected sockets (everything but  _listening_  or  _closed_ ): 如果只想看已建立的socket(排除了 _listening_ 和 _closed_ ):
``` ```
$ ss state connected sport = :ssh $ ss state connected sport = :ssh
@ -41,7 +37,7 @@ Netid State      Recv-Q Send-Q     Local Address:Port              
tcp   ESTAB      0      0          192.168.0.136:ssh                      192.168.0.102:46540 tcp   ESTAB      0      0          192.168.0.136:ssh                      192.168.0.102:46540
``` ```
Similarly, you can have it list all connections to a specific host or range; in this case, using the 74.125.0.0/16 subnet, which apparently belongs to Google: 类似的, 可以列出指定的host或者ip段; 例如, 列出到达74.125.0.0/16子网的连接, 这个子网属于Google:
``` ```
$ ss state all dst 74.125.0.0/16 $ ss state all dst 74.125.0.0/16
@ -51,16 +47,16 @@ tcp   ESTAB      0      0          192.168.0.136:42034        
tcp   ESTAB      0      0          192.168.0.136:57408                   74.125.202.189:https tcp   ESTAB      0      0          192.168.0.136:57408                   74.125.202.189:https
``` ```
This is very much the same syntax as for  _iptables_ , so if you’re familiar with that already, it will be quite easy to pick up. You can also install the  _iproute2-doc_  package, and look in  _/usr/share/doc/iproute2-doc/ss.html_  for the full documentation. ss与 _iptables_ 的语法非常相同, 如果已经熟悉了其语法, ss非常容易上手. 也可以安装 _iproute2-doc_ 包, 通过 _/usr/share/doc/iproute2-doc/ss.html_ 获得完整文档.
Try it for yourself! You’ll see how well it works. If anything, I’m glad for the fewer characters this makes me type. 还不快试试! 你就可以知道它有多棒.无论如何, 让我输入的字符越少我越高兴.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://insights.ubuntu.com/2017/07/25/ss-another-way-to-get-socket-statistics/ via: https://insights.ubuntu.com/2017/07/25/ss-another-way-to-get-socket-statistics/
作者：[ Mathieu Trudel-Lapierre ][a] 作者：[ Mathieu Trudel-Lapierre ][a]
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 译者：[VicYu](https://vicyu.com)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出