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A single-user, lightweight OS for your next home project | Opensource.com
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======
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What on earth is RISC OS? Well, it's not a new kind of Linux. And it's not someone's take on Windows. In fact, released in 1987, it's older than either of these. But you wouldn't necessarily realize it by looking at it.
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The point-and-click graphic user interface features a pinboard and an icon bar across the bottom for your active applications. So, it looks eerily like Windows 95, eight years before it happened.
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This OS was originally written for the [Acorn Archimedes][1] . The Acorn RISC Machines CPU in this computer was completely new hardware that needed completely new software to run on it. This was the original operating system for the ARM chip, long before anyone had thought of Android or [Armbian][2]
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And while the Acorn desktop eventually faded to obscurity, the ARM chip went on to conquer the world. And here, RISC OS has always had a niche—often in embedded devices, where you'd never actually know it was there. RISC OS was, for a long time, a completely proprietary operating system. But in recent years, the owners have started releasing the source code to a project called [RISC OS Open][3].
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### 1\. You can install it on your Raspberry Pi
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The Raspberry Pi's official operating system, [Raspbian][4], is actually pretty great (but if you aren't interested in tinkering with novel and different things in tech, you probably wouldn't be fiddling with a Raspberry Pi in the first place). Because RISC OS is written specifically for ARM, it can run on all kinds of small-board computers, including every model of Raspberry Pi.
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### 2\. It's super lightweight
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The RISC OS installation on my Raspberry Pi takes up a few hundred megabytes—and that's after I've loaded dozens of utilities and games. Most of these are well under a megabyte.
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If you're really on a diet, the RISC OS Pico will fit on a 16MB SD card. This is perfect if you're hacking something to go in an embedded system or IoT project. Of course, 16MB is actually a fair bit more than the 512KB ROM chip squeezed into the old Archimedes. But I guess with 30 years of progress in memory technology, it's okay to stretch your legs just a little a bit.
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### 3\. It's excellent for retro gaming
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When the Archimedes was in its prime, the ARM CPU was several times faster than the Motorola 68000 in the Apple Macintosh and Commodore Amiga, and it totally smoked that new 386, too. This made it an attractive platform for game developers who wanted to strut their stuff with the most powerful desktop computer on the planet.
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Many of the rights holders to these games have been generous enough to give permission for hobbyists to download their old work for free. And while RISC OS and the hardware has moved on, with a very small amount of fiddling you can get them to run.
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If you're interested in exploring this, [here's a guide][5] to getting these games working on your Raspberry Pi.
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### 4\. It's got BBC BASIC
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Press F12 to go to the command line, type `*BASIC`, and you get a full BBC BASIC interpreter, just like the old days.
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For those who weren't around for it in the 80s, let me explain: BBC BASIC was the first ever programming language for so many of us back in the day, for the excellent reason that it was specifically designed to teach children how to code. There were mountains of books and magazine articles that taught us to code our own simple but highly playable games.
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Decades later, coding your own game in BBC BASIC is still a great project for a technically minded kid who wants something to do during school holidays. But few kids have a BBC micro at home anymore. So what should they run it on?
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Well, there are interpreters you can run on just about every home computer, but that's not helpful when someone else needs to use it. So why not a Raspberry Pi with RISC OS installed?
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### 5\. It's a simple, single-user operating system
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RISC OS is not like Linux, with its user and superuser access. It has one user who has full access to the whole machine. So it's probably not the best daily driver to deploy across an enterprise, or even to give to granddad to do his banking. But if you're looking for something to hack and tinker with, it's absolutely fantastic. There isn't all that much between you and the bare metal, so you can just tuck right in.
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### Further reading
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If you want to learn more about this operating system, check out [RISC OS Open][3], or just flash an image to a card and start using it.
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://opensource.com/article/18/7/gentle-intro-risc-os
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作者：[James Mawson][a]
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选题：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972)
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:https://opensource.com/users/dxmjames
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[1]:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acorn_Archimedes
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[2]:https://www.armbian.com/
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[3]:https://www.riscosopen.org/content/
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[4]:https://www.raspbian.org/
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[5]:https://www.riscosopen.org/wiki/documentation/show/Introduction%20to%20RISC%20OS
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适用于你下一个家庭项目的单用户轻量级操作系统| Opensource.com
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======
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究竟什么是 RISC OS？嗯，它不是一种新的 Linux。它也不是有些人认为的 Windows。事实上，在 1987 年发布，它比其中任何一个都要老。但你看到它不一定会意识到这一点。
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点击式图形用户界面在活动程序的底部有一个固定板和一个图标栏。因此，它看起来像 Windows 95，并且比它早了 8 年。
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这个操作系统最初是为 [Acorn Archimedes][1] 编写的。这台机器中的 Acorn RISC Machines CPU 是全新的硬件，因此需要在其上运行全新的软件。这是最早的 ARM 芯片上的系统，早于任何人想到的 Android 或 [Armbian][2] 之前。
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虽然 Acorn 桌面最终消失了，但 ARM 芯片继续征服世界。在这里，RISC OS 一直有一个优点 - 通常在嵌入式设备中，你从来没有真正地意识到它。RISC OS 过去长期以来一直是一个完全专有的操作系统。但近年来，所有人已经开始将源代码发布到一个名为 [RISC OS Open][3] 的项目中。
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### 1\. 你可以将它安装在树莓派上
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树莓派的官方操作系统 [Raspbian][4] 实际上非常棒（但如果你对摆弄不同技术上新奇的东西不敢兴趣，那么你可能最初也不会选择树莓派）。由于 RISC OS 是专门为 ARM 编写的，因此它可以在各种小型计算机上运行，包括树莓派的各个型号。
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### 2\. 它超轻量级
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我的树莓派上安装的 RISC 系统占用了几百兆 - 就是在我加载了数十个程序和游戏之后。其中大多数时候不大于 1 兆。
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如果你真的节俭，RISC OS Pico 可用在 16MB SD 卡上。如果你在嵌入式系统或物联网项目中 hack 某些东西，这是很完美的。当然，16MB 实际上比压缩到 512KB 的老 Archimedes 的 ROM 要多得多。但我想 30 年间内存的发展，我们可以稍微放宽一下了。
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### 3\. 它非常适合复古游戏
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当 Archimedes 处于鼎盛时期时，ARM CPU 的速度比 Apple Macintosh 和 Commodore Amiga 中的 Motorola 68000 要快几倍，它也完全吸了新的 386。这使得它成为对游戏开发者有吸引力的一个平台，他们希望用这个星球上最强大的桌面计算机来支撑他们的东西。
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这些游戏的许多拥有者都非常慷慨，允许业余爱好者免费下载他们的老作品。虽然 RISC OS 和硬件已经发展了，但只需要进行少量的调整就可以让它们运行起来。
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如果你有兴趣探索这个，[这里有一个指南][5]让这些游戏在你的树莓派上运行。
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### 4\. 它有 BBC BASIC
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就像过去一样，按下 F12 进入命令行，输入 `*BASIC`，就可以看到一个完整的 BBC BASIC 解释器。
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对于那些在 80 年代没有接触过的人，请让我解释一下：BBC BASIC 是当时我们很多人的第一个编程语言，因为它专门教孩子如何编码。当时有大量的书籍和杂志文章教我们编写自己的简单但高度可玩的游戏。
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几十年后，对于一个想要在学校假期做点什么的有技术头脑的孩子而言，在 BBC BASIC 上编写自己的游戏仍然是一个很棒的项目。但很少有孩子在家里有 BBC micro。那么他们应该怎么做呢？
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没问题，你可以在每台家用电脑上运行解释器，但是当别人需要使用它时就不能用了。那么为什么不使用装有 RISC OS 的树莓派呢？
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### 5\. 它是一个简单的单用户操作系统
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RISC OS 不像 Linux 一样有自己的用户和超级用户访问权限。它有一个用户并可以完全访问整个机器。因此，它可能不是跨企业部署的最佳日常驱动，甚至不适合给爷爷做银行业务。但是，如果你正在寻找可以用来修改和 hack 的东西，那绝对是太棒了。你和机器之间没有那么多，所以你可以直接进去。
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### 扩展阅读
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如果你想了解有关此操作系统的更多信息，请查看 [RISC OS Open][3]，或者将镜像烧到闪存到卡上并开始使用它。
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://opensource.com/article/18/7/gentle-intro-risc-os
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作者：[James Mawson][a]
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选题：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972)
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译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:https://opensource.com/users/dxmjames
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[1]:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acorn_Archimedes
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[2]:https://www.armbian.com/
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[3]:https://www.riscosopen.org/content/
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[4]:https://www.raspbian.org/
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[5]:https://www.riscosopen.org/wiki/documentation/show/Introduction%20to%20RISC%20OS
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