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Translated sources/tech/20150122 Linux FAQs with Answers--How to set a custom HTTP header in curl

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Linux FAQs with Answers--How to set a custom HTTP header in curl
================================================================================
> **Question**: I am trying to fetch a URL with curl command, but want to set a few custom header fields in the outgoing HTTP request. How can I use a custom HTTP header with curl?
curl is a powerful command-line tool that can transfer data to and from a server over network. It supports a number of transfer protocols, notably HTTP/HTTPS, and many others such as FTP/FTPS, RTSP, POP3/POP3S, SCP, IMAP/IMAPS, etc. When you send out an HTTP request for a URL with curl, it uses a default HTTP header with only essential header fields (e.g., User-Agent, Host, and Accept).
![](https://farm8.staticflickr.com/7568/16225032086_fb8f1c508a_b.jpg)
In some cases, however, you may want to override the default header or even add a custom header field in an HTTP request. For example, you may want to override "Host" field to test a [load balancer][1], or spoof "User-Agent" string to get around browser-specific access restriction. In other cases, you may be accessing a website which requires a specific cookie, or testing a REST-ful API with various custom parameters in the header.
To handle all these cases, curl provides an easy way to fully control the HTTP header of outgoing HTTP requests. The parameter you want to use is "-H" or equivalently "--header".
The "-H" option can be specified multiple times with curl command to define more than one HTTP header fields.
For example, the following command sets three HTTP header fields, i.e., overriding "Host" field, and add two fields ("Accept-Language" and "Cookie").
$ curl -H 'Host: 157.166.226.25' -H 'Accept-Language: es' -H 'Cookie: ID=1234' http://cnn.com
![](https://farm8.staticflickr.com/7520/16250111432_de39638ec0_c.jpg)
For standard HTTP header fields such as "User-Agent", "Cookie", "Host", there is actually another way to setting them. The curl command offers designated options for setting these header fields:
- **-A (or --user-agent)**: set "User-Agent" field.
- **-b (or --cookie)**: set "Cookie" field.
- **-e (or --referer)**: set "Referer" field.
For example, the following two commands are equivalent. Both of them change "User-Agent" string in the HTTP header.
$ curl -H "User-Agent: my browser" http://cnn.com
$ curl -A "my browser" http://cnn.com
wget is another command-line tool which you can use to fetch a URL similar to curl, and wget also allows you to use a custom HTTP header. Check out [this post][2] for details on wget command.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: http://ask.xmodulo.com/custom-http-header-curl.html
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[1]:http://xmodulo.com/haproxy-http-load-balancer-linux.html
[2]:http://xmodulo.com/how-to-use-custom-http-headers-with-wget.html

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Linux有问必答：如何在curl中设置自定义的HTTP头
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> **问题**：我正尝试使用curl命令获取一个URL，但除此之外我还想在传出的HTTP请求中设置一些自定义的头部字段。我如何能够在curl中使用自定义的HTTP头呢？
curl是一个强大的命令行工具，它可以通过网络将信息传递给服务器或者从服务器获取数据。他支持很多的传输协议，尤其是HTTP/HTTPS以及其他诸如FTP/FTPS， RTSP， POP3/POP3S, SCP, IMAP/IMAPS协议等。当你使用curl向一个URL发送HTTP请求的时候，它会使用一个默认只包含必要的头部字段（如：User-Agent, Host, and Accept）的HTTP头。
![](https://farm8.staticflickr.com/7568/16225032086_fb8f1c508a_b.jpg)
在一些个例中，或许你想要在一个HTTP请求中覆盖掉默认的HTTP头或者添加一个新的自定义头部字段。例如，你或许想要重写“HOST”字段来测试一个[负载均衡][1]，或者通过重写"User-Agent"字符串来欺骗特定浏览器以解决其访问限制的问题。
为了解决所有这些问题，curl提供了一个简单的方法来完全控制传出HTTP请求的HTTP头。你需要的这个参数是“-H” 或者 “--header”。
为了定义多个HTTP头部字段，"-H"选项可以在curl命令中被多次指定。
例如：以下命令设置了3个HTTP头部字段。也就是说，重写了“HOST”字段，并且添加了两个字段（"Accept-Language" 和 "Cookie"）
$ curl -H 'Host: 157.166.226.25' -H 'Accept-Language: es' -H 'Cookie: ID=1234' http://cnn.com
![](https://farm8.staticflickr.com/7520/16250111432_de39638ec0_c.jpg)
对于"User-Agent", "Cookie", "Host"这类标准的HTTP头部字段，通常会有另外一种设置方法。curl命令提供了特定的选项来对这些头部字段进行设置：
- **-A (or --user-agent)**: 设置 "User-Agent" 字段.
- **-b (or --cookie)**: 设置 "Cookie" 字段.
- **-e (or --referer)**: 设置 "Referer" 字段.
例如，以下两个命令是等效的。这两个命令同样都对HTTP头的"User-Agent"字符串进行了更改。
$ curl -H "User-Agent: my browser" http://cnn.com
$ curl -A "my browser" http://cnn.com
wget是另外一个类似于curl，可以用来获取URL的命令行工具。并且wget也一样允许你使用一个自定义的HTTP头。点击[这里][2]查看wget命令的详细信息。
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: http://ask.xmodulo.com/custom-http-header-curl.html
译者：[Ping](http://mr-ping.com)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[1]:http://xmodulo.com/haproxy-http-load-balancer-linux.html
[2]:http://xmodulo.com/how-to-use-custom-http-headers-with-wget.html