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PUB:20150520 Shell Script to Backup Files or Directories Using rsync
@GOLinux
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Shell脚本:使用rsync备份文件/目录
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本文,我们带来了shell脚本,用来使用rsync命令将你本地Linux机器上的文件/目录备份到远程Linux服务器上。使用该脚本实施备份会是一个交互的方式,你需要提供远程备份服务器的主机名/ip地址和文件夹位置。我们保留了一个独立文件,在这个文件中你需要提供需要备份的文件/目录。我们添加了两个脚本,**第一个脚本**在每次拷贝完一个文件后询问密码(如果你启用了ssh验证密钥,那么就不会询问密码),而第二个脚本中,则只会提示一次输入密码。
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本文我们介绍一个shell脚本,用来使用rsync命令将你本地Linux机器上的文件/目录备份到远程Linux服务器上。使用该脚本会以交互的方式实施备份,你需要提供远程备份服务器的主机名/ip地址和文件夹位置。我们使用一个单独的列表文件,在这个文件中你需要列出要备份的文件/目录。我们添加了两个脚本,**第一个脚本**在每次拷贝完一个文件后询问密码(如果你启用了ssh密钥验证,那么就不会询问密码),而第二个脚本中,则只会提示一次输入密码。
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我们打算备份bckup.txt,dataconfig.txt,docs和orcledb。
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@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ Shell脚本:使用rsync备份文件/目录
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drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 May 15 10:45 docs
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drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4096 May 15 10:44 oracledb
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该文件包含了备份文件/目录的详情
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bckup.txt文件包含了需要备份的文件/目录的详情
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[root@Fedora21 tmp]# cat /tmp/bckup.txt
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/tmp/oracledb
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@ -24,46 +24,46 @@ Shell脚本:使用rsync备份文件/目录
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#!/bin/bash
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#We will save path to backup file in variable
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# 将备份列表文件的路径保存到变量中
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backupf='/tmp/bckup.txt'
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#Next line just prints message
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# 输入一个提示信息
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echo "Shell Script Backup Your Files / Directories Using rsync"
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#next line check if entered value is not null, and if null it will reask user to enter Destination Server
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# 检查是否输入了目标服务器,如果为空就再次提示用户输入
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while [ x$desthost = "x" ]; do
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#next line prints what userd should enter, and stores entered value to variable with name desthost
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# 提示用户输入目标服务器地址并保存到变量
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read -p "Destination backup Server : " desthost
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#next line finishes while loop
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# 结束循环
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done
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#next line check if entered value is not null, and if null it will reask user to enter Destination Path
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# 检查是否输入了目标文件夹,如果为空就再次提示用户输入
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while [ x$destpath = "x" ]; do
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#next line prints what userd should enter, and stores entered value to variable with name destpath
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# 提示用户输入目标文件夹并保存到变量
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read -p "Destination Folder : " destpath
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#next line finishes while loop
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# 结束循环
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done
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#Next line will start reading backup file line by line
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# 逐行读取备份列表文件
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for line in `cat $backupf`
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#and on each line will execute next
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# 对每一行都进行处理
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do
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#print message that file/dir will be copied
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# 显示要被复制的文件/文件夹名称
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echo "Copying $line ... "
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#copy via rsync file/dir to destination
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# 通过 rsync 复制文件/文件夹到目标位置
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rsync -ar "$line" "$desthost":"$destpath"
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#this line just print done
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# 显示完成
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echo "DONE"
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#end of reading backup file
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# 结束
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done
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#### 运行带有输出结果的脚本 ####
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@ -91,64 +91,65 @@ Shell脚本:使用rsync备份文件/目录
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#!/bin/bash
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#We will save path to backup file in variable
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# 将备份列表文件的路径保存到变量中
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backupf='/tmp/bckup.txt'
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#Next line just prints message
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# 输入一个提示信息
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echo "Shell Script Backup Your Files / Directories Using rsync"
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#next line check if entered value is not null, and if null it will reask user to enter Destination Server
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# 检查是否输入了目标服务器,如果为空就再次提示用户输入
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while [ x$desthost = "x" ]; do
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#next line prints what userd should enter, and stores entered value to variable with name desthost
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# 提示用户输入目标服务器地址并保存到变量
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read -p "Destination backup Server : " desthost
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#next line finishes while loop
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# 结束循环
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done
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#next line check if entered value is not null, and if null it will reask user to enter Destination Path
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# 检查是否输入了目标文件夹,如果为空就再次提示用户输入
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while [ x$destpath = "x" ]; do
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#next line prints what userd should enter, and stores entered value to variable with name destpath
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# 提示用户输入目标文件夹并保存到变量
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read -p "Destination Folder : " destpath
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#next line finishes while loop
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# 结束循环
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done
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#next line check if entered value is not null, and if null it will reask user to enter password
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# 检查是否输入了目标服务器密码,如果为空就再次提示用户输入
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while [ x$password = "x" ]; do
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#next line prints what userd should enter, and stores entered value to variable with name password. #To hide password we are using -s key
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# 提示用户输入密码并保存到变量
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# 使用 -s 选项不回显输入的密码
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read -sp "Password : " password
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#next line finishes while loop
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# 结束循环
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done
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#Next line will start reading backup file line by line
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# 逐行读取备份列表文件
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for line in `cat $backupf`
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#and on each line will execute next
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# 对每一行都进行处理
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do
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#print message that file/dir will be copied
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# 显示要被复制的文件/文件夹名称
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echo "Copying $line ... "
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#we will use expect tool to enter password inside script
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# 使用 expect 来在脚本中输入密码
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/usr/bin/expect << EOD
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#next line set timeout to -1, recommended to use
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# 推荐设置超时为 -1
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set timeout -1
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#copy via rsync file/dir to destination, using part of expect — spawn command
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# 通过 rsync 复制文件/文件夹到目标位置,使用 expect 的组成部分 spawn 命令
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spawn rsync -ar ${line} ${desthost}:${destpath}
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#as result of previous command we expect “password” promtp
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# 上一行命令会等待 “password” 提示
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expect "*?assword:*"
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#next command enters password from script
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# 在脚本中提供密码
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send "${password}\r"
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#next command tells that we expect end of file (everything finished on remote server)
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# 等待文件结束符(远程服务器处理完了所有事情)
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expect eof
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#end of expect pard
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# 结束 expect 脚本
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EOD
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#this line just print done
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# 显示结束
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echo "DONE"
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#end of reading backup file
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# 完成
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done
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#### 运行第二个带有输出结果的脚本的屏幕截图 ####
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@ -163,7 +164,7 @@ via: http://linoxide.com/linux-shell-script/shell-script-backup-files-directorie
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作者:[Yevhen Duma][a]
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译者:[GOLinux](https://github.com/GOLinux)
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校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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校对:[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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