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Translated:20140722 How to manage DigitalOcean VPS droplets from command line on Linux.md
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Translating by GOLinux ...
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How to manage DigitalOcean VPS droplets from the command line on Linux
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================================================================================
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[DigitalOcean][1] is one of the [hottest][2] new kids in the block in the cloud VPS hosting market. While not offering as comprehensive service portfolio as Amazon Web Services and the likes, DigitalOcean is already a strong contender for the best Linux-based cloud VPS service targeted at small businesses and developers, thanks to their competitive pricing and user-friendly management interface.
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Whenever you need a web-facing server for your personal project, you can quickly spin up a "droplet" (nickname for a VPS instance at [DigitalOcean][3]). And kill it when it's not needed. No need to burn a hole in your pocket as you are charged for its up time. While DigitalOcean's web-based management interface is streamlined already, for those of you who are die-hard fans of command-line interface (CLI), there is a CLI-based droplet management tool called [Tugboat][4]. Thanks to this CLI tool, any complex droplet management task can easily be turned into a script.
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In this tutorial, I am going to describe **how to use Tugboat to manage DigitalOcean dropets from the command line**.
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### Install Tugboat on Linux ###
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To install Tugboat on Debian, Ubuntu or Linux Mint:
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$ sudo apt-get install ruby-dev
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$ sudo gem install tugboat
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To install Tugboat on Fedora:
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$ sudo yum install ruby-devel
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$ sudo gem install tugboat
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To install Tugboat on CentOS, first [install or upgrade to the latest Ruby][5], because on CentOS 6.5 and earlier, the default Ruby does not meet the minimum version requirement (1.9 and higher) for Tugboat. Once you install Ruby 1.9 and higher, install Tugboat as follows.
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$ sudo gem install tugboat
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### Configure Tugboat for the First Time ###
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After installation, it's time to go through one-time configuration, which involves authorizing Tugboat to access your DigitalOcean account.
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Go to [https://cloud.digitalocean.com/api_access][6], and create a new API key. Make a note of client ID and API key.
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Start authorization process by running:
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$ tugboat authorize
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When prompted, enter your client ID and API key. It will ask you several other questions. You can accept default answers for now. We are going to customize the default settings later anyway.
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[][7]
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Now let's customize default droplet settings to reflect your typical use cases. For that, first check available droplet offerings (e.g., available images, regions, sizes).
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Running the command below will show you a list of available droplet images. Pick a default image to use, and make a note of the corresponding ID.
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$ tugboat images --global
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Similarly, pick a default geographic location from available regions:
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$ tugboat regions
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Also, choose a default droplet size from available RAM sizes:
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$ tugboat sizes
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Now put your default choices in ~/.tugboat. For example, here I customize my default settings to 512MB Ubuntu 14.04 x64 to be created in New York region. Set "ssh_user" to root if you want to enable SSH via key authentication, which will be described shortly.
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$ vi ~/.tugboat
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----------
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---
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authentication:
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client_key: XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
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api_key: XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
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ssh:
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ssh_user: root
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ssh_key_path: /home/dev/.ssh/id_rsa
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ssh_port: '22'
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defaults:
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region: '4'
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image: '3240036'
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size: '66'
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ssh_key: ''
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private_networking: 'false'
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backups_enabled: 'false'
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### Create and Add SSH Key to DigitalOcean ###
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A secure way to access your droplet instance is to SSH to the instance via [key authentication][8].
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In fact, you can automatically enable key authentication for your droplets by registering your SSH public key with [DigitalOcean][9]. Here is how to do it.
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First, generate a private/public SSH key pair (if you don't have one).
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$ ssh-keygen -t rsa -C "your@emailaddress.com"
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Assuming that the generated key pair consists of: ~/.ssh/id_rsa (private key) and ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub (public key), go ahead and upload your public key by running:
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$ tugboat add-key [name-of-your-key]
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You can give your key any name you like (e.g., "my-default-key"). When prompted, enter the path to your public key (e.g., /home/user/.ssh/id_rsa.pub). After key uploading is completed, verify the key is successfully added by running:
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$ tugboat keys
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The key should also appear in DigitalOcean's [SSH key page][10]. If you want the key to be automatically used for your droplets, add the ID of your key to ~/.tugboat.
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ssh_key: '182710'
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### Basic Usage of Tugboat ###
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Here are a few basic use cases of tugboat command line.
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1. Create a new droplet with default settings.
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$ tugboat create <name-of-droplet>
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2. Show a list of all active droplets.
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$ tugboat droplets
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3. Display information about a droplet.
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$ tugboat info <name-of-droplet>
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[][11]
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4. Shutdown a droplet, and remove its image.
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$ tugboat destroy <name-of-droplet>
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5. Shutdown a droplet, but keep its image
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$ tugboat halt <name-of-droplet>
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6. Take a snapshot of a droplet. The droplet must be turned off first.
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$ tugboat snapshot <snapshot-name> <name-of-droplet>
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7. Resize (increase or decrease the RAM size of) a droplet. The droplet must be shutdown first.
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$ tugboat resize <name-of-droplet> -s <image-id>
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If you want to know more about a particular command option, run:
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$ tugboat help <command>
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### Troubleshooting ###
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1. When I run tugboat command, it fails with the following error.
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/usr/lib/ruby/site_ruby/1.8/rubygems/custom_require.rb:31:in `gem_original_require': /usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/tugboat-0.2.0/lib/tugboat/cli.rb:12: syntax error, unexpected ':', expecting kEND (SyntaxError)
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Tugboat requires Ruby 1.9 and higher. You need to upgrade Ruby to solve this problem. For CentOS, refer to [this tutorial][12].
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2. When I try to install Tugboat with gem, I get the following error.
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/usr/local/share/ruby/site_ruby/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:55:in `require': cannot load such file -- json/pure (LoadError)
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Install the following gem to fix the problem.
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$ sudo gem install json_pure
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://xmodulo.com/2014/07/manage-digitalocean-vps-droplets-command-line-linux.html
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原文作者：[Dan Nanni][a]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:http://xmodulo.com/author/nanni
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[1]:http://xmodulo.com/go/digitalocean
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[2]:http://news.netcraft.com/archives/2013/12/11/digitalocean-now-growing-faster-than-amazon.html
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[3]:http://xmodulo.com/go/digitalocean
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[4]:https://github.com/pearkes/tugboat
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[5]:http://ask.xmodulo.com/upgrade-ruby-centos.html
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[6]:https://cloud.digitalocean.com/api_access
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[7]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14685122101/
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[8]:http://xmodulo.com/2012/04/how-to-enable-ssh-login-without.html
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[9]:http://xmodulo.com/go/digitalocean
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[10]:https://cloud.digitalocean.com/ssh_keys
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[11]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14501627440/
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[12]:http://ask.xmodulo.com/upgrade-ruby-centos.html
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@ -0,0 +1,185 @@
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使用Linux命令行管理DigitalOcean VPS水滴
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================================================================================
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[DigitalOcean][1]是云VPS主机市场中最炙手可热的新生儿。虽然没有提供像Amazon之类一样的综合服务业务，DigitalOcean已经成为定位于中小型企业和开发者的基于Linux的最佳云VPS服务的强有力的竞争者，这都得归功于他们具有竞争力的价格和对用户友好的管理界面。
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不管什么时候，当你需要一个面向网络的服务器用于你的个人项目，你都可以全速开动一个“水滴”（[DigitalOcean][3]中VPS实例的昵称），也可以在你不需要时杀掉它，没必要为了让你的VPS保持运作而烧光了你的钱袋。尽管DigitalOcean基于网络的管理界面已经十分高效，但对于那些命令行界面的死忠派，它还是提供了基于命令行界面的水滴管理工具，它叫[tugboat][4]。多亏了这个命令行工具，所有复杂的水滴管理任务都可以简单地转变成一个脚本来完成。
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在本文中，我打算讲述**怎样使用tugboat来从命令行对DigitalOcean水滴进行管理**。
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### 在Linux上安装tugboat ###
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在Debian，Ubuntu或者Linux Mint上安装tugboat：
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$ sudo apt-get install ruby-dev
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$ sudo gem install tugboat
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在Fedora上安装tugboat：
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$ sudo yum install ruby-devel
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$ sudo gem install tugboat
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要在CentOS上安装tugboat，首先[安装或升级到最新的Ruby][5]，因为在CentOS 6.5以及更早的版本上，默认的Ruby不满足拖船所需的最小版本（1.9及更高版本）。安装Ruby 1.9及更高版本后，请按如下方式安装tugboat。
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$ sudo gem install tugboat
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### tugboat首次使用配置 ###
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在安装完后，就该实行一次配置，配置涉及了授权tugboat访问DigitalOcean帐号。
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转到[https://cloud.digitalocean.com/api_access][6]，并创建新的API密钥，记录客户ID和API密钥。
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通过运行以下命令来启动授权过程：
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$ tugboat authorize
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在提示你输入客户ID和API密钥时，请输入。它会询问几个其它问题，目前你可以接受默认的回答。我们打算在今后自定义默认设置。
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[][7]
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现在，让我们自定义默认水滴设置，以反映你典型的使用状况。要那么做，首先检查水滴提供的可用的东西（如，可用的镜像、区域、大小）。
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运行以下命令，它会列出可用的水滴镜像。选取使用一个默认镜像，并记录相关的ID。
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$ tugboat images --global
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类似，从可用区域中选取一个默认的地理位置：
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$ tugboat regions
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同时，从可用的RAM大小中选择一个默认的水滴大小：
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$ tugboat sizes
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现在，把你的默认选择放到~/.tugboat中。例如，我在这里自定义了默认设置：区域在纽约，系统是Ubuntu 14.04，内存512MB。如果你想要通过密钥验证启用SSH，设置“ssh_user”为root，这个我很快会讲到。
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$ vi ~/.tugboat
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----------
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---
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authentication:
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client_key: XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
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api_key: XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
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ssh:
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ssh_user: root
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ssh_key_path: /home/dev/.ssh/id_rsa
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ssh_port: '22'
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defaults:
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region: '4'
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image: '3240036'
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size: '66'
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ssh_key: ''
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private_networking: 'false'
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backups_enabled: 'false'
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### 创建并添加SSH密钥到数字海洋 ###
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要访问水滴实例，一个安全的方式是通过[密钥验证][8]的SSH连接到该实例。
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事实上，你可以通过使用[DigitalOcean][9]来注册SSH公钥，为你的水滴实现自动启用密钥验证。下面告诉你怎么做。
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首先，生成一个公/私密钥对（如果你还没有）。
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$ ssh-keygen -t rsa -C "your@emailaddress.com"
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假设生成的密钥对由~/.ssh/id_rsa（私钥）和~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub（公钥）构成，去将你的公钥上传吧，命令如下：
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$ tugboat add-key [name-of-your-key]
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你可以任意给你的密钥命名（如，“my-default-key”）。当出现提示时，输入公钥路径（如，/home/user/.ssh/id_rsa.pub）。在密钥上传完成后，运行以下命令来验证密钥是否正确添加：
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$ tugboat keys
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密钥也应该出现在DigitalOcean的[SSH密钥页][10]。如果你想要密钥自动使用到水滴中，添加密钥ID到~/.tugboat中。
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ssh_key: '182710'
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### 拖船的基本用法 ###
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这里列出了tugboat命令行的一些基本使用情况。
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1. 使用默认设置创建新水滴。
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$ tugboat create <name-of-droplet>
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2. 列出所有活动水滴。
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$ tugboat droplets
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3. 显示水滴的信息。
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$ tugboat info <name-of-droplet>
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[][11]
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4. 关闭水滴，并移除镜像。
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$ tugboat destroy <name-of-droplet>
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5. 关闭水滴，但保持镜像
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$ tugboat halt <name-of-droplet>
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6. 为水滴创建快照，水滴必须先关闭。
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$ tugboat snapshot <snapshot-name> <name-of-droplet>
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7. 调整水滴大小（增加或减少RAM大小），水滴必须先关闭。
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$ tugboat resize <name-of-droplet> -s <image-id>
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如果你想要知道特定命令的更多选项，运行：
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$ tugboat help <command>
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### 排障 ###
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1. 当我运行tugboat命令时，它出错了，并出现以下错误。
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/usr/lib/ruby/site_ruby/1.8/rubygems/custom_require.rb:31:in `gem_original_require': /usr/lib/ruby/gems/1.8/gems/tugboat-0.2.0/lib/tugboat/cli.rb:12: syntax error, unexpected ':', expecting kEND (SyntaxError)
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Tugboat要求Ruby 1.9及更高版本，你需要升级Ruby来解决该问题。对于CentOS，请参考[此教程][12]
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2. 当我试着用gem来安装Tugboat时，出现了下面的错误。
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/usr/local/share/ruby/site_ruby/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:55:in `require': cannot load such file -- json/pure (LoadError)
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安装以下gem来修复该问题。
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$ sudo gem install json_pure
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://xmodulo.com/2014/07/manage-digitalocean-vps-droplets-command-line-linux.html
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原文作者：[Dan Nanni][a]
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译者：[GOLinux](https://github.com/GOLinux) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:http://xmodulo.com/author/nanni
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[1]:http://xmodulo.com/go/digitalocean
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[2]:http://news.netcraft.com/archives/2013/12/11/digitalocean-now-growing-faster-than-amazon.html
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[3]:http://xmodulo.com/go/digitalocean
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[4]:https://github.com/pearkes/tugboat
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[5]:http://ask.xmodulo.com/upgrade-ruby-centos.html
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[6]:https://cloud.digitalocean.com/api_access
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[7]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14685122101/
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[8]:http://xmodulo.com/2012/04/how-to-enable-ssh-login-without.html
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[9]:http://xmodulo.com/go/digitalocean
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[10]:https://cloud.digitalocean.com/ssh_keys
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[11]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14501627440/
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[12]:http://ask.xmodulo.com/upgrade-ruby-centos.html
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