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[#]: subject: "7 pieces of Linux advice for beginners"
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[#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/22/5/linux-advice-beginners"
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[#]: author: "Opensource.com https://opensource.com/users/admin"
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[#]: collector: "lkxed"
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[#]: translator: "lightchaserhy"
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[#]: reviewer: " "
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[#]: publisher: " "
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[#]: url: " "
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7 pieces of Linux advice for beginners
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======
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We asked our community of writers for the best advice they got when they first started using Linux.
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![Why the operating system matters even more in 2017][1]
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Image by: Internet Archive Book Images. Modified by Opensource.com. CC BY-SA 4.0
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What advice would you give a new Linux user? We asked our community of writers to share their favorite Linux advice.
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### 1. Use Linux resources
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My brother told me that Linux was like a "software erector set" (that's a dated reference to the old Erector sets that could be purchased in the 1950s and 1960s) which was a helpful metaphor. I was using Windows 3.1 and Windows NT at the time and was trying to build a useful and safe K-12 school district website. This was in 2001 and 2002 and there were very few texts or resources on the web that were helpful. One of the resources recommended was the "Root Users Guide," a very large book that had lots of printed information in it but was tough to decipher and know just how to proceed.
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One of the most useful resources for me was an online course that Mandrake Linux maintained. It was a step-by-step explanation of the nuances of using and administering a Linux computer or server. I used that along with a listserv that Red Hat maintained in those days, where you could pose questions and get answers.
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—— [Don Watkins][2]
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### 2. Ask the Linux community for help
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My advice is to ask questions, in all of their settings. You can start out with an Internet search, looking for others who have had the same or similar questions (maybe even better questions.) It takes a while to know what to ask and how to ask it.
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Once you become more familiar with Linux, check through the various forums out there, to find one or more that you like, and again, before you ask something yourself, look to see if someone else has already had the question and had it answered.
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Getting involved in a mail list is also helpful, and eventually, you may find yourself knowledgeable enough to answer some questions yourself. As they say, you learn the most about something by becoming able to answer someone else's questions about it.
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Meanwhile, you also become more familiar with using a system that's not a black box that you never understand how something is done except by paying for it.
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—— [Greg Pittman][3]
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My advice is to get familiar with help utilities such as man and info. Also, spend as much time as possible at the command line interface and really get used to the fundamental UNIX design. As a matter of fact, one of my favorite books is a UNIX book from the 80s because it really helps in understanding files, directories, devices, basic commands, and more.
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—— [Alan Formy-Duval][4]
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The best advice I got was to trust the community with answers and manual pages for detailed information and "how-to" use different options. However, I started off around 2009-ish, there were a lot of tools and resources available, including a project called [Linux from Scratch (LFS)][5]. This project really taught me a lot about the internals and how to actually build an LFS image.
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—— [Sumantro Mukherjee][6]
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My advice is to read. Using places like [Ask Fedora][7] or the Fedora Matrix chat or other forum type areas. Just read what others are saying, and trying to fix. I learned a lot from just reading what others were struggling with, and then I would try to figure out how the issue was caused.
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—— [Steve Morris][8]
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### 3. Try dual booting
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I started with a dual-boot system in the late 90s (Windows and Linux), and while I wanted to really use Linux, I ended up booting Windows to work in my familiar desktop environment. One of the best pieces of advice was to change the boot order, so every time I wasn't quick enough, I ended up using Linux. ;)
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—— [Heike Jurzik][9]
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I was challenged by one of my team to do a knowledge swap.
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He (our Linux sysadmin) built his website in **Joomla!** (which our web team specialized in, and he wanted to know more about) and I adopted Linux (having been Windows only to that point.) We dual booted to start with, as I still had a bunch of OS-dependent software I needed to use for the business, but it jump-started my adoption of Linux.
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It was really helpful to have each other as an expert to call on while we were each learning our way into the new systems, and quite a challenge to keep going and not give up because he hadn't!
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I did have a big sticky note on my monitor saying "anything with `rm` in the command, ask first" after a rather embarrassing blunder early on. He wrote a command-line cheat sheet (there are dozens [online now][10]) for me, which really helped me get familiar with the basics. I also started with the [KDE version][11] of Ubuntu, which I found really helpful as a novice used to working with a GUI.
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I've used Linux ever since (aside from my work computer) and he's still on Joomla, so it seemed to work for both of us!
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—— [Ruth Cheesley][12]
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### 4. Back it up for safety
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My advice is to use a distro with an easy and powerful backup app. A new Linux user will touch, edit, destroy and restore configurations. They probably will reach a time when their OS will not boot and losing data is frustrating.
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With a backup app, they're always sure that their data is safe.
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We all love Linux because it allows us to edit everything, but the dark side of this is that making fatal errors is always an option.
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—— [Giuseppe Cassibba][13]
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### 5. Share the Linux you know and use
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My advice is to share the Linux you use. I used to believe the hype that there were distributions that were "better" for new users, so when someone asked me to help them with Linux, I'd show them the distro "for new users." Invariably, this resulted in me sitting in front of their computer looking like I had never seen Linux before myself, because something would be just unfamiliar enough to confuse me. Now when someone asks about Linux, I show them how to use what I use. It may not be branded as the "best" Linux for beginners, but it's the distro I know best, so when their problems become mine, I'm able to help solve them (and sometimes I learn something new, myself.)
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—— [Seth Kenlon][14]
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There was a saying back in the old days, "Do not just use a random Linux distro from a magazine cover. Use the distro your friend is using, so you can ask for help when you need it." Just replace "from a magazine cover" with "off the Internet" and it's still valid :-) I never followed this advice, as I was the only Linux user in a 50km radius. Everyone else was using FreeBSD, IRIX, Solaris, and Windows 3.11 around me. Later I was the one people were asking for Linux help.
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—— [Peter Czanik][15]
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### 6. Keep learning Linux
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I was a reseller partner prior to working at Red Hat, and I had a few home health agencies with traveling nurses. They used a quirky package named Carefacts, originally built for DOS, that always got itself out of sync between the traveling laptops and the central database.
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The best early advice I heard was to take a hard look at the open source movement. Open source is mainstream in 2022, but it was revolutionary a generation ago when nonconformists bought Red Hat Linux CDs from retailers. Open source turned conventional wisdom on its ear. I learned it was not communism and not cancer, but it scared powerful people.
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My company built its first customer firewall in the mid-1990s, based on Windows NT and a product from Altavista. That thing regularly crashed and often corrupted itself. We built a Linux-based firewall for ourselves and it never gave us a problem. And so, we replaced that customer Altavista system with a Linux-based system, and it ran trouble-free for years. I built another customer firewall in late 1999. It took me three weeks to go through a book on packet filtering and get the `ipchains` commands right. But it was beautiful when I finally finished, and it did everything it was supposed to do. Over the next 15+ years, I built and installed hundreds more, now with `iptables` ; some with bridges or proxy ARP and QOS to support video conferencing, some with [IPSEC][16] and [OpenVPN tunnels][17]. I got pretty good at it and earned a living managing individual firewalls and a few active/standby pairs, all with Windows systems behind them. I even built a few virtual firewalls.
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But progress never stops. By 2022, [iptables is obsolete][18] and my firewall days are a fond memory.
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The ongoing lesson? Never stop exploring.
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—— [Greg Scott][19]
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### 7. Enjoy the process
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Be patient. Linux is a different system than what you are used to, be prepared for a new world of endless possibilities. Enjoy it.
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—— [Alex Callejas][20]
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://opensource.com/article/22/5/linux-advice-beginners
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作者：[Opensource.com][a]
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选题：[lkxed][b]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://opensource.com/users/admin
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[b]: https://github.com/lkxed
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[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/lead-images/yearbook-haff-rx-linux-file-lead_0.png
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[2]: https://opensource.com/users/don-watkins
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[3]: https://opensource.com/users/greg-p
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[4]: https://opensource.com/users/alanfdoss
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[5]: https://linuxfromscratch.org/
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[6]: https://opensource.com/users/sumantro
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[7]: https://ask.fedoraproject.org
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[8]: https://opensource.com/users/smorris12
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[9]: https://opensource.com/users/hej
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[10]: https://opensource.com/downloads/linux-common-commands-cheat-sheet
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[11]: https://opensource.com/article/22/2/why-i-love-linux-kde
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[12]: https://opensource.com/users/rcheesley
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[13]: https://opensource.com/users/peppe8o
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[14]: https://opensource.com/users/seth
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[15]: https://opensource.com/users/czanik
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[16]: https://www.redhat.com/sysadmin/run-your-own-vpn-libreswan
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[17]: https://opensource.com/article/21/8/openvpn-server-linux
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[18]: https://opensource.com/article/19/7/make-linux-stronger-firewalls
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[19]: https://opensource.com/users/greg-scott
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[20]: https://opensource.com/users/darkaxl
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@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
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[#]: subject: "7 pieces of Linux advice for beginners"
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[#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/22/5/linux-advice-beginners"
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[#]: author: "Opensource.com https://opensource.com/users/admin"
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[#]: collector: "lkxed"
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[#]: translator: "lightchaserhy"
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[#]: reviewer: " "
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[#]: publisher: " "
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[#]: url: " "
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给Linux初学者的7条建议
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======
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We asked our community of writers for the best advice they got when they first started using Linux.
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我们咨询了社区Linux专家分享他们的初学经验。
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![Why the operating system matters even more in 2017][1]
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图源: Internet Archive Book Images. Modified by Opensource.com. CC BY-SA 4.0
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对Linux的新用户有什么建议？我们咨询了社区专家分享他们初学时的最佳经验。
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### 1.用好Linux资源
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我哥们儿告诉我Linux就像一个“软件积木搭建套装”（相当于50到60年代流行的建筑积木玩具），这个比喻比较恰当。在2001年和2002年，我曾经利用Windows3.1 和Windows NT，尝试搭建安全易用的K12学校区域网站，当时网上可用的资料不多。其中被推荐的“ROOT用户指南”是一本“大部头”专业教程，信息丰富但是有一定上手难度。
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于我而言，Mandrake Linux的线上课程是最有用的资源。课程对使用和管理Linux桌面或服务器进行了详细的解读。我通过课程学习同时利用 Red Hat网站的列表资源进行实验，有问题时就在社区提问寻求帮助。
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—— [Don Watkins][2]
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### 2.在Linux社区寻求帮助
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我的建议是要多问，你可以从网上搜索信息开始，看看其他人类似的问题（甚至是更好的提问）。问什么和如何问需要花一定时间熟悉。
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一旦你更加熟悉Linux，查看你感兴趣的各种相关论坛，在提问前，先看看是否有人已经提过相同问题，并获得了答案。
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加入一个邮件小组也很有用，最后你会发现自己也能专业地答复提问。正如他们说，通过回答他人的问题也会学到更多知识。
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同时，你会越来越熟悉这个操作系统内部运行机制，再也不是初学时的一无所知。
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—— [Greg Pittman][3]
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我的建议是利用man、info等帮助命令获取信息。当然，尽可能花时间熟悉命令行界面且真正理解UNIX的设计理念。事实上，我最喜欢的书之一就是一本80年代的UNIX书籍，对理解文件、目录、设备、基础命令等非常有帮助。
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—— [Alan Formy-Duval][4]
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我最好的建议是充分相信社区的答复以及关于详细介绍“如何”使用不同选项的操作手册。无论如何，我在2009年左右开始学习，当时有很多可用的工具和资源，包括一个叫“Linux from Scratch(LFS)”的项目，从源码开始创建Linux系统，在这个项目我学会了很多内部原理知识和创建一个LFS镜像。
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—— [Sumantro Mukherjee][6]
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我的建议是泛读。利用像“Ask Fedora”、“the Fedora Matrix chat”等论坛，阅读他人的经验观点，并且尝试实践。我通过阅读他人的网上争论学习到很多东西，特别是要清楚问题产生的原因。
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—— [Steve Morris][8]
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### 3.安装双操作系统
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我在90年代末就开始安装双操作系统（Windows和Linux），当我想学习Linux操作系统时，便重启工作时使用的Windows系统。最好的建议之一是改变计算机系统启动顺序（默认进入Windows），避免启动时因为手速不快，自动进入Linux系统还得重启。:)
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—— [Heike Jurzik][9]
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我的挑战来自于团队工作，做一个知识交换平台。
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我们的Linux系统管理员利用Joomla搭建网站，Joomla是我们web团队研发的内容管理系统，管理员也想了解这个系统，我打算采用Linux服务器（以前一直是用Windows）。
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我们一开始就安装双操作系统，因为有大量依赖操作系统的业务软件，但这促使了我要采用Linux。在我们各自学习新系统时，成员都作为专家互相鼓励、交流非常有助于共同成长，“一个都不能少！”，坚持不懈是一个很大的挑战。
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我经历一个相当尴尬的低级错误后，在显示器上贴了一个大便签，上面写着“在使用任何rm操作前，首先要思考一下”。管理员给我写了一个命令行大全（网上有很多类似资料），对于熟悉基础操作非常有用。我开始使用Ubuntu的桌面环境时，发现初学者在图像化的操作界面能快速上手。
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从那以后我就开始长期使用Linux（除了我的工作计算机），管理员仍然忙于 Joomla，看起来我俩都得到了成长。
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—— [Ruth Cheesley][12]
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### 4.为了安全请先备份
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我的建议是使用一个简单且专业的备份软件发行版。一般新的Linux用户将创建、编辑、破坏和恢复系统配置。当操作系统无法启动、丢失数据时，会让他们非常沮丧。
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有了备份软件，他们的数据就有了保障。
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我们都喜爱Linux，因为它能让我们自由飞翔，但这是“双刃剑”，使用不当也有可能发生非常严重的错误。
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—— [Giuseppe Cassibba][13]
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### 5.分享你的Linux经验
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我的建议是分享你的Linux使用经验。我曾经认为新的发行版本更适合新用户，所以当他们咨询Linux时，我总是推荐新的发行版。但是当我坐在他们的计算机前，发现似乎眼前的Linux系统从未看见过，因为一些新功能我也不熟悉。现在当有人咨询时，我会推荐自己使用的版本，虽说这不一定是初学者的最佳版本，但毕竟我最熟悉，他们遇到的问题我就能够快速解决（当然我自己也会在分享中学到新东西）。
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—— [Seth Kenlon][14]
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以前有句俗话叫“不要随便使用杂志封面上宣传的发行版，使用你朋友都在用的，当你遇到问题时才能更好地需求帮助”。将关键词“杂志封面”替换为“互联网”，这句话依然有效:-) 。我从未听从过这个建议，所以我是50公里半径内唯一使用Linux的人，周围都在用 FreeBSD、 IRIX、 Solaris和 Windows 3.11等操作系统，最后我就是那个寻求Linux帮助的人。
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—— [Peter Czanik][15]
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### 6. 6.坚持学习Linux
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在到Red Hat工作前我是一名分销商合作伙伴，我有几个带旅行护士的家庭健康代理机构客户，他们使用了一个叫“Carefacts”的软件包，最初用于DOS，在旅行笔记本电脑和中心数据库同步中总是出错。
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早期我听到的最好建议是认真关注开源运动。开源在2022年是主流思想，但在一代人以前，从Red Hat的零售商购买Linux安装光盘是带有革命性的创新行为。开源打破了常规，我认为要客观看待开源，但确实惊叹到了相当一部分人。
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我的公司在20世纪90年代中期搭建了第一个客户防火墙，基于Windows NT和Altavista的一个产品，但是经常发生错误崩溃。我们自己又搭建了一个基于Linux的防火墙，再也没有出问题了。因此，我们用Linux替换了那套客户Altavista系统，稳定地运行了多年。我们在1999年底搭建了另一个客户防火墙，当时我花三周读完了一本关书，关于数据包过滤和ipchains的正确使用，当我完成时感觉超赞，解决了所有问题。在接下来的15年，我搭建安装了数百个防火墙系统，主要采用iptables技术，有些利用桥接器或ARP代理以及QOS保障视频会议传输，有些利用IPSEC和 OpenVPN tunnels。我靠管理个人防火墙和一些双机热备系统赚取生活所需费用，非常不错，而以前都是用的Windows系统。我甚至还建了一些虚拟防火墙。
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但是技术在高速发展，2022年，iptables已过时，我以前的防火墙技术也成了美好的回忆。目前的经验之谈？永远不要停止探索。
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—— [Greg Scott][19]
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### 7.享受过程
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耐心点，Linux和之前你熟悉的操作系统不太相同，准备拥抱一个充满无限可能的新世界，尽情享受吧。
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—— [Alex Callejas][20]
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://opensource.com/article/22/5/linux-advice-beginners
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作者：[Opensource.com][a]
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选题：[lkxed][b]
|
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/lightchaserhy)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://opensource.com/users/admin
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lkxed
|
||||
[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/lead-images/yearbook-haff-rx-linux-file-lead_0.png
|
||||
[2]: https://opensource.com/users/don-watkins
|
||||
[3]: https://opensource.com/users/greg-p
|
||||
[4]: https://opensource.com/users/alanfdoss
|
||||
[5]: https://linuxfromscratch.org/
|
||||
[6]: https://opensource.com/users/sumantro
|
||||
[7]: https://ask.fedoraproject.org
|
||||
[8]: https://opensource.com/users/smorris12
|
||||
[9]: https://opensource.com/users/hej
|
||||
[10]: https://opensource.com/downloads/linux-common-commands-cheat-sheet
|
||||
[11]: https://opensource.com/article/22/2/why-i-love-linux-kde
|
||||
[12]: https://opensource.com/users/rcheesley
|
||||
[13]: https://opensource.com/users/peppe8o
|
||||
[14]: https://opensource.com/users/seth
|
||||
[15]: https://opensource.com/users/czanik
|
||||
[16]: https://www.redhat.com/sysadmin/run-your-own-vpn-libreswan
|
||||
[17]: https://opensource.com/article/21/8/openvpn-server-linux
|
||||
[18]: https://opensource.com/article/19/7/make-linux-stronger-firewalls
|
||||
[19]: https://opensource.com/users/greg-scott
|
||||
[20]: https://opensource.com/users/darkaxl
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user