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Delete 20150515 How to Install Percona Server on CentOS 7.md
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如何在CentOS 7上安装Percona Server
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How to Install Percona Server on CentOS 7
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================================================================================
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在这篇文章中我们将了解关于Percona Server，一个开源简易的MySQL，MariaDB的替代。InnoDB的数据库引擎使得Percona Server非常有吸引力，如果你需要的高性能，高可靠性和高性价比的解决方案，它将是一个很好的选择。
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In this article we are going to learn about percona server, an opensource drop-in replacement for MySQL and also for MariaDB. The InnoDB database engine make it very attractive and a good alternative if you need performance, reliability and a cost efficient solution
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在接下来的文节中将涵盖在CentOS的7 Percona的服务器的安装，以及备份当前数据,配置的步骤和如何恢复备份。
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In the following sections I am going to cover the installation of the percona server on the CentOS 7, I will also cover the steps needed to make backup of your current data, configuration and how to restore your backup.
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###目录###
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### Table of contents ###
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1.什么是Percona，为什么使用它
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2.备份你的数据库
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3.删除之前的SQL服务器
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4.使用二进制包安装Percona
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5.配置Percona
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6.
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7.恢复你的备份
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1. What is and why use percona
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1. Backup your databases
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1. Remove previous SQL server
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1. Installing Percona binaries
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1. Configuring Percona
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1. Securing your environment
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1. Restore your backup
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### 1.什么是Percona，为什么使用它
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### 1. What is and why use Percona ###
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Percona是一个开源简易的MySQL，MariaDB数据库的替代，它是MYSQL的一个分支，相当多的改进和独特的功能使得它比MYSQL更可靠，性能更强，速度更快，它与MYSQL完全兼容，在Oracle的MYSQL与Percona之间你甚至都可以使用复制命令。
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Percona is an opensource alternative to the MySQL and MariaDB databases, it's a fork of the MySQL with many improvements and unique features that makes it more reliable, powerful and faster than MySQL, and yet is fully compatible with it, you can even use replication between Oracle's MySQL and Percona.
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#### 在Percona中独特的功能 ####
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#### Features exclusive to Percona ####
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-分段自适应哈希搜索
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-快速校验算法
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-缓冲池预加载
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-支持FlashCache
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- Partitioned Adaptive Hash Search
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- Fast Checksum Algorithm
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- Buffer Pool Pre-Load
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- Support for FlashCache
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#### MySQL企业版和Percona的特定功能 ####
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#### MySQL Enterprise and Percona specific features ####
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-从不同的服务器导入表
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-PAM认证
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-审计日志
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-线程池
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- Import Tables From Different Servers
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- PAM authentication
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- Audit Log
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- Threadpool
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现在，你肯定很兴奋地看到这些好的东西整理在一起，我们将告诉你如何安装和做些的Percona Server的基本配置。
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Now that you are pretty excited to see all these good things together, we are going show you how to install and do basic configuration of Percona Server.
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### 2. 备份你的数据库 ###
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### 2. Backup your databases ###
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接下来，在命令行下使用SQL命令创建一个mydatabases.sql文件来重建/恢复salesdb和employeedb数据库，重命名数据库以便反映你的设置，如果没有安装MYSQL跳过此步
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The following, command creates a mydatabases.sql file with the SQL commands to recreate/restore salesdb and employeedb databases, replace the databases names to reflect your setup, skip if this is a brand new setup
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mysqldump -u root -p --databases employeedb salesdb > mydatabases.sql
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复制当前的配置文件，如果你没有安装MYSQL也可跳过
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Copy the current configuration file, you can also skip this in fresh setups
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cp my.cnf my.cnf.bkp
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### 3.删除之前的SQL服务器 ###
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### 3. Remove your previous SQL Server ###
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停止MYSQL/MariaDB如果它们还在运行
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Stop the MySQL/MariaDB if it's running.
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systemctl stop mysql.service
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卸载MariaDB和MYSQL
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Uninstall MariaDB and MySQL
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yum remove MariaDB-server MariaDB-client MariaDB-shared mysql mysql-server
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移动重命名在/var/lib/mysql当中的MariaDB文件，这比仅仅只是移除更为安全快速，这就像2级即时备份。:)
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Move / Rename the MariaDB files in **/var/lib/mysql**, it's a safer and faster than just removing, it's like a 2nd level instant backup. :)
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mv /var/lib/mysql /var/lib/mysql_mariadb
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### 4.使用二进制包安装Percona ###
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### 4. Installing Percona binaries ###
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你可以在众多Percona安装方法中选择，在CentOS中使用Yum或者RPM包安装通常是更好的主意，所以这些是本文介绍的方式，下载源文件编译后安装在本文中并没有介绍。
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You can choose from a number of options on how to install Percona, in a CentOS system it's generally a better idea to use yum or RPM, so these are the way that are covered by this article, compiling and install from sources are not covered by this article.
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从Yum仓库中安装:
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Installing from Yum repository:
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首先，你需要用这个设置的Percona的Yum库:
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First you need to set the Percona's Yum repository with this:
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yum install http://www.percona.com/downloads/percona-release/redhat/0.1-3/percona-release-0.1-3.noarch.rpm
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接下来安装Percona:
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And then install Percona with:
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yum install Percona-Server-client-56 Percona-Server-server-56
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上面的命令安装Percona的服务器和客户端，共享库，可能需要Perl和Perl模块，如DBI::MySQL的，如果尚未安装，以及其他依赖的需要。
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The above command installs Percona server and clients, shared libraries, possibly Perl and perl modules such as DBI::MySQL, if that are not already installed, and also other dependencies as needed.
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Installing from RPM package:
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We can download all rpm packages with the help of wget:
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wget -r -l 1 -nd -A rpm -R "*devel*,*debuginfo*" \ http://www.percona.com/downloads/Percona-Server-5.5/Percona-Server-5.5.42-37.1/binary/redhat/7/x86_64/
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And with rpm utility, you install all the packages once:
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rpm -ivh Percona-Server-server-55-5.5.42-rel37.1.el7.x86_64.rpm \ Percona-Server-client-55-5.5.42-rel37.1.el7.x86_64.rpm \ Percona-Server-shared-55-5.5.42-rel37.1.el7.x86_64.rpm
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Note the backslash '\' on the end of the sentences on the above commands, if you install individual packages, remember that to met dependencies, the shared package must be installed before client and client before server.
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### 5. Configuring Percona Server ###
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#### Restoring previous configuration ####
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As we are moving from MariaDB, you can just restore the backup of my.cnf file that you made in earlier steps.
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cp /etc/my.cnf.bkp /etc/my.cnf
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#### Creating a new my.cnf ####
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If you need a new configuration file that fit your needs or if you don't have made a copy of my.cnf, you can use this wizard, it will generate for you, through simple steps.
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Here is a sample my.cnf file that comes with Percona-Server package
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# Percona Server template configuration
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[mysqld]
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#
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# Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
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# cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.
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# innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M
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#
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# Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging
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# changes to the binary log between backups.
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# log_bin
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#
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# Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.
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# The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.
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# Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.
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# join_buffer_size = 128M
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# sort_buffer_size = 2M
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# read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M
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datadir=/var/lib/mysql
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socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
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# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
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symbolic-links=0
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[mysqld_safe]
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log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
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pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
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After making your my.cnf file fit your needs, it's time to start the service:
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systemctl restart mysql.service
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If everything goes fine, your server is now up and ready to ready to receive SQL commands, you can try the following command to check:
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mysql -u root -p -e 'SHOW VARIABLES LIKE "version_comment"'
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If you can't start the service, you can look for a reason in **/var/log/mysql/mysqld.log** this file is set by the **log-error** option in my.cnf's **[mysqld_safe]** session.
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tail /var/log/mysql/mysqld.log
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You can also take a look in a file inside **/var/lib/mysql/** with name in the form of **[hostname].err** as the following example:
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tail /var/lib/mysql/centos7.err
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If this also fail in show what is wrong, you can also try strace:
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yum install strace && systemctl stop mysql.service && strace -f -f mysqld_safe
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The above command is extremely verbous and it's output is quite low level but can show you the reason you can't start service in most times.
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### 6. Securing your environment ###
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Ok, you now have your RDBMS ready to receive SQL queries, but it's not a good idea to put your precious data on a server without minimum security, it's better to make it safer with mysql_secure_instalation, this utility helps in removing unused default features, also set the root main password and make access restrictions for using this user.
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Just invoke it by the shell and follow instructions on the screen.
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mysql_secure_install
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### 7. Restore your backup ###
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If you are coming from a previous setup, now you can restore your databases, just use mysqldump once again.
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mysqldump -u root -p < mydatabases.sql
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Congratulations, you just installed Percona on your CentOS Linux, your server is now fully ready for use; You can now use your service as it was MySQL, and your services are fully compatible with it.
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### Conclusion ###
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There is a lot of things to configure in order to achieve better performance, but here is some straightforward options to improve your setup. When using innodb engine it's also a good idea to set the **innodb_file_per_table** option **on**, it gonna distribute table indexes in a file per table basis, it means that each table have it's own index file, it makes the overall system, more robust and easier to repair.
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Other option to have in mind is the **innodb_buffer_pool_size** option, InnoDB should have large enough to your datasets, and some value **between 70% and 80%** of the total available memory should be reasonable.
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By setting the **innodb-flush-method** to **O_DIRECT** you disable write cache, if you have **RAID**, this should be set to improved performance as this cache is already done in a lower level.
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If your data is not that critical and you don't need fully **ACID** compliant transactions, you can adjust to 2 the option **innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit**, this will also lead to improved performance.
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://linoxide.com/linux-how-to/percona-server-centos-7/
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作者：[Carlos Alberto][a]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:http://linoxide.com/author/carlosal/
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