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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
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[#]: translator: ( )
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[#]: reviewer: ( )
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[#]: publisher: ( )
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[#]: subject: (Emacs #2: Introducing org-mode)
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[#]: via: (https://changelog.complete.org/archives/9865-emacs-2-introducing-org-mode)
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[#]: author: (John Goerzen http://changelog.complete.org/archives/author/jgoerzen)
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[#]: url: ( )
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Emacs #2: Introducing org-mode
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======
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In [my first post in my series on Emacs][1], I described returning to Emacs after over a decade of vim, and org-mode being the reason why.
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I really am astounded at the usefulness, and simplicity, of org-mode. It is really a killer app.
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**So what exactly is org-mode?**
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I wrote yesterday:
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> It’s an information organization platform. Its website says “Your life in plain text: Org mode is for keeping notes, maintaining TODO lists, planning projects, and authoring documents with a fast and effective plain-text system.”
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That’s true, but doesn’t quite capture it. org-mode is a toolkit for you to organize things. It has reasonable out-of-the-box defaults, but it’s designed throughout for you to customize.
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To highlight a few things:
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* **Maintaining TODO lists** : items can be scattered across org-mode files, contain attachments, have tags, deadlines, schedules. There is a convenient “agenda” view to show you what needs to be done. Items can repeat.
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* **Authoring documents** : org-mode has special features for generating HTML, LaTeX, slides (with LaTeX beamer), and all sorts of other formats. It also supports direct evaluation of code in-buffer and literate programming in virtually any Emacs-supported language. If you want to bend your mind on this stuff, read [this article on literate devops][2]. The [entire Worg website][3]
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is made with org-mode.
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* **Keeping notes** : yep, it can do that too. With full-text search, cross-referencing by file (as a wiki), by UUID, and even into other systems (into mu4e by Message-ID, into ERC logs, etc, etc.)
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**Getting started**
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I highly recommend watching [Carsten Dominik’s excellent Google Talk on org-mode][4]. It is an excellent introduction.
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org-mode is included with Emacs, but you’ll often want a more recent version. Debian users can `apt-get install org-mode`, or it comes with the Emacs packaging system; `M-x package-install RET org-mode RET` may do it for you.
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Now, you’ll probably want to start with the org-mode compact guide’s [introduction section][5], noting in particular to set the keybindings mentioned in the [activation section][6].
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**A good tutorial…**
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I’ve linked to a number of excellent tutorials and introductory items; this post is not going to serve as a tutorial. There are two good videos linked at the end of this post, in particular.
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**Some of my configuration**
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I’ll document some of my configuration here, and go into a bit of what it does. This isn’t necessarily because you’ll want to copy all of this verbatim — but just to give you a bit of an idea of some of what can be configured, an idea of what to look up in the manual, and maybe a reference for “now how do I do that?”
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First, I set up Emacs to work in UTF-8 by default.
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```
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(prefer-coding-system 'utf-8) (set-language-environment "UTF-8")
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```
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org-mode can follow URLs. By default, it opens in Firefox, but I use Chromium.
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```
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(setq browse-url-browser-function 'browse-url-chromium)
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```
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I set the basic key bindings as documented in the Guide, plus configure the M-RET behavior.
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```
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(global-set-key "\C-cl" 'org-store-link)
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(global-set-key "\C-ca" 'org-agenda)
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(global-set-key "\C-cc" 'org-capture)
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(global-set-key "\C-cb" 'org-iswitchb)
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(setq org-M-RET-may-split-line nil)
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```
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**Configuration: Capturing**
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I can press `C-c c` from anywhere in Emacs. It will [capture something for me][7], and include a link back to whatever I was working on.
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You can define [capture templates][8] to set how this will work. I am going to keep two journal files for general notes about meetings, phone calls, etc. One for personal, one for work items. If I press `C-c c j`, then it will capture a personal item. The %a in all of these includes the link to where I was (or a link I had stored with `C-c l`).
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```
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(setq org-default-notes-file "~/org/tasks.org")
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(setq org-capture-templates
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'(
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("t" "Todo" entry (file+headline "inbox.org" "Tasks")
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"* TODO %?\n %i\n %u\n %a")
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("n" "Note/Data" entry (file+headline "inbox.org" "Notes/Data")
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"* %? \n %i\n %u\n %a")
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("j" "Journal" entry (file+datetree "~/org/journal.org")
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"* %?\nEntered on %U\n %i\n %a")
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("J" "Work-Journal" entry (file+datetree "~/org/wjournal.org")
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"* %?\nEntered on %U\n %i\n %a")
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))
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(setq org-irc-link-to-logs t)
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```
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I like to link by UUIDs, which lets me move things between files without breaking locations. This helps generate UUIDs when I ask Org to store a link target for future insertion.
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```
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(require 'org-id)
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(setq org-id-link-to-org-use-id 'create-if-interactive)
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```
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**Configuration: agenda views**
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I like my week to start on a Sunday, and for org to note the time when I mark something as done.
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```
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(setq org-log-done 'time)
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(setq org-agenda-start-on-weekday 0)
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```
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**Configuration: files and refiling**
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Here I tell it what files to use in the agenda, and to add a few more to the plain text search. I like to keep a general inbox (from which I can move, or “refile”, content), and then separate tasks, journal, and knowledge base for personal and work items.
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```
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(setq org-agenda-files (list "~/org/inbox.org"
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"~/org/email.org"
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"~/org/tasks.org"
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"~/org/wtasks.org"
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"~/org/journal.org"
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"~/org/wjournal.org"
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"~/org/kb.org"
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"~/org/wkb.org"
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))
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(setq org-agenda-text-search-extra-files
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(list "~/org/someday.org"
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"~/org/config.org"
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))
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(setq org-refile-targets '((nil :maxlevel . 2)
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(org-agenda-files :maxlevel . 2)
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("~/org/someday.org" :maxlevel . 2)
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("~/org/templates.org" :maxlevel . 2)
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)
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)
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(setq org-outline-path-complete-in-steps nil) ; Refile in a single go
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(setq org-refile-use-outline-path 'file)
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```
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**Configuration: Appearance**
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I like a pretty screen. After you’ve gotten used to org a bit, you might try this.
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```
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(require 'org-bullets)
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(add-hook 'org-mode-hook
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(lambda ()
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(org-bullets-mode t)))
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(setq org-ellipsis "⤵")
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```
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**Coming up next…**
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This hopefully showed a few things that org-mode can do. Coming up next, I’ll cover how to customize TODO keywords and tags, archiving old tasks, forwarding emails to org-mode, and using git to synchronize between machines.
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You can also see a [list of all articles in this series][9].
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://changelog.complete.org/archives/9865-emacs-2-introducing-org-mode
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作者：[John Goerzen][a]
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选题：[lujun9972][b]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: http://changelog.complete.org/archives/author/jgoerzen
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[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
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[1]: https://changelog.complete.org/archives/9861-emacs-1-ditching-a-bunch-of-stuff-and-moving-to-emacs-and-org-mode
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[2]: http://www.howardism.org/Technical/Emacs/literate-devops.html
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[3]: https://orgmode.org/worg/
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[4]: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oJTwQvgfgMM
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[5]: https://orgmode.org/guide/Introduction.html#Introduction
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[6]: https://orgmode.org/guide/Activation.html#Activation
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[7]: https://orgmode.org/guide/Capture.html#Capture
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[8]: https://orgmode.org/guide/Capture-templates.html#Capture-templates
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[9]: https://changelog.complete.org/archives/tag/emacs2018
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177
translated/tech/20180228 Emacs -2- Introducing org-mode.md
Normal file
177
translated/tech/20180228 Emacs -2- Introducing org-mode.md
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,177 @@
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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
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[#]: translator: (oneforalone)
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[#]: reviewer: ( )
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[#]: publisher: ( )
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[#]: subject: (Emacs #2: Introducing org-mode)
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[#]: via: (https://changelog.complete.org/archives/9865-emacs-2-introducing-org-mode)
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[#]: author: (John Goerzen http://changelog.complete.org/archives/author/jgoerzen)
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[#]: url: ( )
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Emacs 系列（二）：`Org` 模式介绍
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======
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在我 Emacs 系列中的[第一片文章][1]里，我介绍了我在用了几十年的 vim 后转向了 Emacs，`Org` 模式就是我为什么这样做的原因。
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`Org` 模式的精简和高效真的震惊了我，它真的是个“杀手”应用。
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**所以，`Org`模式到底是什么呢？**
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这是我昨天写的：
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> 它是一个组织信息的平台，它的主页上这样写着：“一切都是纯文本：`Org` 模式用于记笔记、维护待办事项列表、计划项目和使用快速有效的纯文本系统编写文档。”
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这是事实，但并不是很准确。`Org` 模式是一个你用来组织事务的小工具。它有一些非常合理的默认设置，但也允许你自己定制。
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主要突出在这几件事上：
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* **维护待办事项列表** : 项目可以分散在 `Org` 文件中，包含附件，有标签，截止日期，时间表。有一个方便的“日程”视图，显示需要做什么。项目也可以重复。
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* **编写文档** : `Org` 模式有个特殊的功能来生成 HTML、LaTeX、 幻灯片（用 LaTeX beamer）和其他所有的格式。它也支持直接在缓冲区中运行和编写几乎任何一种 Emacs 所支持的的语言。如果你想要深入了解这项功能的话，参阅[开发者文档][2]。官网给出的[文档][3]完全不对。
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* **记笔记** : 对，它也能做笔记。通过全文所搜，文件的交叉引用（类似 wiki），UUID，甚至可以与其他的系统进行交互（通过信息 ID 与 mu4e 交互， 通过 ERC 的日志等等……）
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**开始**
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我强烈建议去阅读 [Carsten Dominik 写的一篇很棒的关于 `Org` 模式的 Google 讲话][4]。那篇文章真的很赞。
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Emacs 中自带了 `Org` 模式，但如果你想要个比较新的版本的话，Debian 用户可以使用命令 `apt-get install org-mode` 来更新，或者使用 Emacs 的包管理系统命令 `M-x package-install RET org-mode RET`。
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现在，你可能需要阅读一下 `Org` 模式的精简版教程中的[导读部分][5]，特别注意，你要设置下[启动部分][6]中提到的那些键的绑定。
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**一份好的教程**
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我会给出一些好的教程和介绍的链接，但这篇文章不会是一篇教程。特别是在本文末尾，有两个很不错的视频链接。
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**我的一些配置**
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我将在这里记录下一些我的配置并介绍它的作用。你没有必要每行每句将它拷贝到你的配置中——这只是一个参考，告诉你哪些可以配置，要怎么在手册中查找，或许只是一个“我现在该怎么做”的参考。
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首先，我将 Emacs 的编码默认设置为 UTF-8。
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```
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(prefer-coding-system 'utf-8) (set-language-environment "UTF-8")
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```
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`Org` 模式中可以打开 URL。默认的，它会在 Firefox 中打开，但我喜欢用 Chromium。
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```
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(setq browse-url-browser-function 'browse-url-chromium)
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```
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我把基本的键的绑定和设为教程里的一样，再加上 `M-RET` 的操作的配置。
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```
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(global-set-key "\C-cl" 'org-store-link)
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(global-set-key "\C-ca" 'org-agenda)
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(global-set-key "\C-cc" 'org-capture)
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(global-set-key "\C-cb" 'org-iswitchb)
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(setq org-M-RET-may-split-line nil)
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```
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**捕获配置**
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我可以在 Emacs 的任何模式中按 `C-c c`，按下后它就会[帮我捕获某些事][7]，其中包括一个指向我正在处理事务的链接。
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你可以通过定义[捕获模板][8]来配置它。我将保存两个日志文件，作为会议、电话等的通用记录。一个是私人用的，一个是办公用的。如果我按下 `C-c c j`,它就会帮我捕获为私人项. 下面包含 `%a` 的配置是表示我当前的位置（或是我使用 `C-c l` 保存的链接）的链接。
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```
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(setq org-default-notes-file "~/org/tasks.org")
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(setq org-capture-templates
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'(
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("t" "Todo" entry (file+headline "inbox.org" "Tasks")
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"* TODO %?\n %i\n %u\n %a")
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("n" "Note/Data" entry (file+headline "inbox.org" "Notes/Data")
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"* %? \n %i\n %u\n %a")
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("j" "Journal" entry (file+datetree "~/org/journal.org")
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"* %?\nEntered on %U\n %i\n %a")
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("J" "Work-Journal" entry (file+datetree "~/org/wjournal.org")
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"* %?\nEntered on %U\n %i\n %a")
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))
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(setq org-irc-link-to-logs t)
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```
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我喜欢通过 UUID 来建立链接，这让我在文件之间移动而不会破坏位置。当我要 `Org` 存储一个链接目标以便将来插入时，以下配置有助于生成 UUID。
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```
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(require 'org-id)
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(setq org-id-link-to-org-use-id 'create-if-interactive)
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```
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**议程配置**
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我喜欢将星期天作为一周的开始，当我将某件事标记为完成时，我也喜欢记下时间。
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```
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(setq org-log-done 'time)
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(setq org-agenda-start-on-weekday 0)
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```
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**文件归档配置**
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在这我将配置它， 让它知道在议程中该使用哪些文件，而且在纯文本的搜索中添加一点点小功能。我喜欢保留一个通用的文件夹(我可以从其中移动或“重新归档”内容)，然后将个人和工作项的任务、日志和知识库分开。
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```
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(setq org-agenda-files (list "~/org/inbox.org"
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"~/org/email.org"
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"~/org/tasks.org"
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"~/org/wtasks.org"
|
||||
"~/org/journal.org"
|
||||
"~/org/wjournal.org"
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||||
"~/org/kb.org"
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"~/org/wkb.org"
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||||
))
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(setq org-agenda-text-search-extra-files
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(list "~/org/someday.org"
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"~/org/config.org"
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))
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(setq org-refile-targets '((nil :maxlevel . 2)
|
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(org-agenda-files :maxlevel . 2)
|
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("~/org/someday.org" :maxlevel . 2)
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("~/org/templates.org" :maxlevel . 2)
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)
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)
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(setq org-outline-path-complete-in-steps nil) ; Refile in a single go
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(setq org-refile-use-outline-path 'file)
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```
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**外观配置**
|
||||
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||||
我喜欢一个较漂亮的的屏幕。在你开始习惯 `Org` 之后，你可以试试这个。
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```
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(require 'org-bullets)
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(add-hook 'org-mode-hook
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(lambda ()
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(org-bullets-mode t)))
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(setq org-ellipsis "⤵")
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```
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**下一篇**
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||||
希望这篇文章展示了 `Org` 模式的一些功能。接下来，我将介绍如何定制 `TODO` 关键字和标记、归档旧任务、将电子邮件转发到 `Org` 模式，以及如何使用 `git` 在不同电脑之间进行同步。
|
||||
|
||||
你也可以查看[本系列的所有文章列表][9]。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://changelog.complete.org/archives/9865-emacs-2-introducing-org-mode
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[John Goerzen][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||
译者：[oneforalone](https://github.com/oneforalone)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: http://changelog.complete.org/archives/author/jgoerzen
|
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[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
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[1]: https://changelog.complete.org/archives/9861-emacs-1-ditching-a-bunch-of-stuff-and-moving-to-emacs-and-org-mode
|
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[2]: http://www.howardism.org/Technical/Emacs/literate-devops.html
|
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[3]: https://orgmode.org/worg/
|
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[4]: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oJTwQvgfgMM
|
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[5]: https://orgmode.org/guide/Introduction.html#Introduction
|
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[6]: https://orgmode.org/guide/Activation.html#Activation
|
||||
[7]: https://orgmode.org/guide/Capture.html#Capture
|
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[8]: https://orgmode.org/guide/Capture-templates.html#Capture-templates
|
||||
[9]: https://changelog.complete.org/archives/tag/emacs2018
|
||||
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Reference in New Issue
Block a user