From 34db1778c57f120d76eb6dcf5df2d6243d158830 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: DarkSun Date: Thu, 29 Aug 2019 00:52:05 +0800 Subject: [PATCH] =?UTF-8?q?=E9=80=89=E9=A2=98:=2020190829=20Three=20Ways?= =?UTF-8?q?=20to=20Exclude=20Specific/Certain=20Packages=20from=20Yum=20Up?= =?UTF-8?q?date?= MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/plain; charset=UTF-8 Content-Transfer-Encoding: 8bit sources/tech/20190829 Three Ways to Exclude Specific-Certain Packages from Yum Update.md --- ...ecific-Certain Packages from Yum Update.md | 146 ++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 146 insertions(+) create mode 100644 sources/tech/20190829 Three Ways to Exclude Specific-Certain Packages from Yum Update.md diff --git a/sources/tech/20190829 Three Ways to Exclude Specific-Certain Packages from Yum Update.md b/sources/tech/20190829 Three Ways to Exclude Specific-Certain Packages from Yum Update.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..2f6a35780b --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20190829 Three Ways to Exclude Specific-Certain Packages from Yum Update.md @@ -0,0 +1,146 @@ +[#]: collector: (lujun9972) +[#]: translator: ( ) +[#]: reviewer: ( ) +[#]: publisher: ( ) +[#]: url: ( ) +[#]: subject: (Three Ways to Exclude Specific/Certain Packages from Yum Update) +[#]: via: (https://www.2daygeek.com/redhat-centos-yum-update-exclude-specific-packages/) +[#]: author: (Magesh Maruthamuthu https://www.2daygeek.com/author/magesh/) + +Three Ways to Exclude Specific/Certain Packages from Yum Update +====== + +As part of system update, you may need to exclude few of the packages due to application dependency in Red Hat based system. + +If yes, how to exclude, how many ways that can be done. + +Yes, it can be done in three ways, we will teach you all three methods in this article. + +A package manager is a collection of tools that allow users to easily manage packages in Linux system. + +It allows users to install, update/upgrade, remove, query, re-install, and search packages in Linux system. + +For Red Hat and it’s clone, we uses **[yum Package Manager][1]** and **[rpm Package Manager][2]** for package management. + +### What’s yum? + +yum stands for Yellowdog Updater, Modified. Yum is an automatic updater and package installer/remover for rpm systems. + +It automatically resolve dependencies when installing a package. + +### What’s rpm? + +rpm stands for Red Hat Package Manager is a powerful package management tool for Red Hat system. + +The name RPM refers to `.rpm` file format that containing compiled software’s and necessary libraries for the package. + +You may interested to read the following articles, which is related to this topic. If so, navigate to appropriate links. + + * **[How To Check Available Security Updates On Red Hat (RHEL) And CentOS System][3]** + * **[Four Ways To Install Security Updates On Red Hat (RHEL) And CentOS Systems][4]** + * **[Two Methods To Check Or List Installed Security Updates on Redhat (RHEL) And CentOS System][5]** + + + +### Method-1: Exclude Packages with yum Command Manually or Temporarily + +We can use `--exclude or -x` switch with yum command to exclude specific packages from getting updated through yum command. + +I can say, this is a temporary method or On-Demand method. If you want to exclude specific package only once then we can go with this method. + +The below command will update all packages except kernel. + +To exclude single package. + +``` +# yum update --exclude=kernel + +or + +# yum update -x 'kernel' +``` + +To exclude multiple packages. The below command will update all packages except kernel and php. + +``` +# yum update --exclude=kernel* --exclude=php* + +or + +# yum update --exclude httpd,php +``` + +### Method-2: Exclude Packages with yum Command Permanently + +This is permanent method and you can use this, if you are frequently performing the patch update. + +To do so, add the required packages in /etc/yum.conf to disable packages updates permanently. + +Once you add an entry, you don’t need to specify these package each time you run yum update command. Also, this prevent packages from any accidental update. + +``` +# vi /etc/yum.conf + +[main] +cachedir=/var/cache/yum/$basearch/$releasever +keepcache=0 +debuglevel=2 +logfile=/var/log/yum.log +exactarch=1 +obsoletes=1 +gpgcheck=1 +plugins=1 +installonly_limit=3 +exclude=kernel* php* +``` + +### Method-3: Exclude Packages Using Yum versionlock plugin + +This is also permanent method similar to above. Yum versionlock plugin allow users to lock specified packages from being updated through yum command. + +To do so, run the following command. The below command will exclude the freetype package from yum update. + +Alternatively, you can add the package entry directly in “/etc/yum/pluginconf.d/versionlock.list” file. + +``` +# yum versionlock add freetype + +Loaded plugins: changelog, package_upload, product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager, verify, versionlock +Adding versionlock on: 0:freetype-2.8-12.el7 +versionlock added: 1 +``` + +Run the following command to check the list of packages locked by versionlock plugin. + +``` +# yum versionlock list + +Loaded plugins: changelog, package_upload, product-id, search-disabled-repos, subscription-manager, verify, versionlock +0:freetype-2.8-12.el7.* +versionlock list done +``` + +Run the following command to discards the list. + +``` +# yum versionlock clear +``` + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://www.2daygeek.com/redhat-centos-yum-update-exclude-specific-packages/ + +作者：[Magesh Maruthamuthu][a] +选题：[lujun9972][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://www.2daygeek.com/author/magesh/ +[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 +[1]: https://www.2daygeek.com/yum-command-examples-manage-packages-rhel-centos-systems/ +[2]: https://www.2daygeek.com/rpm-command-examples/ +[3]: https://www.2daygeek.com/check-list-view-find-available-security-updates-on-redhat-rhel-centos-system/ +[4]: https://www.2daygeek.com/install-security-updates-on-redhat-rhel-centos-system/ +[5]: https://www.2daygeek.com/check-installed-security-updates-on-redhat-rhel-and-centos-system/