mirror of
https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject.git
synced 2024-12-26 21:30:55 +08:00
Merge branch 'master' of https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject
Conflicts: sources/How to install Ghost blogging platform on Linux.md
This commit is contained in:
commit
2cc5dace39
@ -1,17 +1,16 @@
|
||||
10个鲜为人知的Linux命令(3)
|
||||
十个鲜为人知的 Linux 命令 - Part 3
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
![](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/10-Lesser-Known-Linux-Commands.png)
|
||||
|
||||
为了已经进入了10个鲜为人知Linux命令谢列的第三部分,这些都值得了解。或许你已经知道了这些命令,你无疑是一个有经验的Linux用户并喜欢探索。
|
||||
我们继续10个鲜为人知Linux命令系列的第三部分。或许你已经知道了这些命令,那你无疑是一个有经验而喜欢探索的Linux用户。
|
||||
|
||||
### 22. ^foo^bar 命令 ###
|
||||
### 22. \^foo\^bar 命令 ###
|
||||
|
||||
在一个实例中运行修改后的最后一个命令。假设我需要运行一个命令‘**ls -l**‘来详细列出‘**Desktop**’目录下的内容。意外地,你打了‘**lls -l**‘。所以你需要重新打整个命令或者使用导航键编辑前面的命令。当你的命令很长时这个很痛苦。
|
||||
|
||||
avi@localhost:~/Desktop$ lls -l
|
||||
bash: lls: command not found
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
avi@localhost:~/Desktop$ ^lls^ls
|
||||
|
||||
ls -l
|
||||
@ -22,11 +21,11 @@
|
||||
-rw-r--r-- 1 avi avi 158951 Nov 5 15:27 2.jpg
|
||||
-rw-r--r-- 1 avi avi 90624 Nov 5 12:59 Untitled 1.doc
|
||||
|
||||
**注意**:在上面的替换中我们使用“**^typo(被替换的)^original_command(原始命令)**”。这个命令可能会非常危险如果你有意或者无意地打错了系统命令或者任何像**rm -rf**那样的风险命令。
|
||||
**注意**:在上面的替换中我们使用“**^typo(被替换的)^original_command(原始命令)**”。警告!这个命令可能会非常危险!如果你有意或者无意地打错了系统命令或者任何像**rm -rf**那样的风险命令的话!
|
||||
|
||||
### 23. > file.txt 命令 ###
|
||||
|
||||
这个命令会刷新文件的内容而不需移除或者创建相同的文件。当我们反复需要一个输出或者在相同的文件上记录日志时,这个命令在脚本语言中非常有用。
|
||||
这个命令会刷新文件的内容而不需删除然后创建相同的文件。当我们需要反复输出,或者在相同的文件上记录日志时,这个命令就非常有用。
|
||||
|
||||
我有一个有很多文字的‘**test.txt**’文件在我的‘**Desktop**‘上。
|
||||
|
||||
@ -46,7 +45,7 @@
|
||||
avi@localhost:~/Desktop$ > test.txt
|
||||
avi@localhost:~/Desktop$ cat test.txt
|
||||
|
||||
**注意**:再说一次,这个命令可能很危险,永远不要尝试刷新系统文件或者篇日志文件的内容。如果你这么做了,你可能会遭遇严重的问题。
|
||||
**注意**:再说一次,这个命令可能很危险!永远不要尝试刷新系统文件或者某篇日志文件的内容。如果你这么做了,你可能会遭遇严重的问题!
|
||||
|
||||
### 24. at 命令 ###
|
||||
|
||||
@ -54,7 +53,7 @@
|
||||
|
||||
avi@localhost:~/Desktop$ echo "ls -l > /dev/pts/0" | at 14:012
|
||||
|
||||
OR
|
||||
或
|
||||
|
||||
avi@localhost:~/Desktop$ echo "ls -l > /dev/pts/0" | at 2:12 PM
|
||||
|
||||
@ -69,11 +68,11 @@
|
||||
-rw-r--r-- 1 avi avi 96206 Nov 5 12:56 Untitled 1.odt
|
||||
-rw-r--r-- 1 avi avi 9405 Nov 12 23:22 Untitled.png
|
||||
|
||||
**注意**:echo “**ls -l**”: 这串echo命令(这里是 **ls -l**)输出在标准终端上。你可以用你需要或者选择的命令替代‘**ls -l**‘。
|
||||
**注意**:echo “**ls -l**”的意思是,将这串命令(这里是 **ls -l**)输出在标准终端上。你可以用你需要或者选择的命令替代‘**ls -l**‘。
|
||||
|
||||
> : 重定向输出
|
||||
\> :重定向输出
|
||||
|
||||
**/dev/pts/0**: 这是输出设备与/或者文件,输出到被寻找的地方,这里输出在终端。
|
||||
**/dev/pts/0**: 这是输出设备和/或文件,输出到指定的地方,这里输出在终端(/dev/pts/0)。
|
||||
|
||||
就我而言,此时我的**tty**在**/dev/pts/0**。你可以用**tty**命令检查你的**tty**。
|
||||
|
||||
@ -89,9 +88,9 @@
|
||||
|
||||
avi@localhost:/home/avi/Desktop# du -h --max-depth=1
|
||||
|
||||
38M ./test
|
||||
38M ./test
|
||||
1.1G ./shivji
|
||||
42M ./drupal
|
||||
42M ./drupal
|
||||
6.9G ./101MSDCF
|
||||
16G .
|
||||
|
||||
@ -115,8 +114,7 @@
|
||||
|
||||
### 27. look 命令 ###
|
||||
|
||||
在终端上从英文字典上查单词以防混淆。也就是说,我混淆了是该拼成carrier还是carieer。
|
||||
|
||||
在终端上从英文字典上查单词以防混淆。比如说,我记不清了是该拼成carrier还是carieer。
|
||||
|
||||
avi@localhost:/home/avi/Documents# look car
|
||||
|
||||
@ -167,7 +165,7 @@ avi@localhost:/home/avi/Documents# look car
|
||||
|
||||
### 29. factor 命令 ###
|
||||
|
||||
factor实际是一个始于数学的命令。这个命令会输出所有给定数字的因数。
|
||||
factor实际是一个源于数学的命令。这个命令会输出所有给定数字的因数。
|
||||
|
||||
avi@localhost:~/Desktop$ factor 22
|
||||
22: 2 11
|
||||
@ -184,7 +182,7 @@ factor实际是一个始于数学的命令。这个命令会输出所有给定
|
||||
|
||||
当你等待或者持续盯着你的终端等待命令的回应或者等待服务器的连接时,有时是很气人的。
|
||||
|
||||
一旦服务器连通就有一个声音如何?
|
||||
一旦服务器连通就有一个声音如何(译注:下面命令是等60秒PING一次)?
|
||||
|
||||
avi@localhost:~/Desktop$ ping -i 60 -a www.google.com
|
||||
|
||||
@ -192,7 +190,7 @@ factor实际是一个始于数学的命令。这个命令会输出所有给定
|
||||
64 bytes from www.google.com (74.125.200.103): icmp_req=1 ttl=44 time=105 ms
|
||||
64 bytes from 74.125.200.103: icmp_req=2 ttl=44 time=281 ms
|
||||
|
||||
让我告诉你一件事情,当你报告命令不会返回声音时。请确保你的系统不是静音的,声音已经在‘**sound preferences(声音选项)**‘ 中启用并确保勾选了‘**Enable window and window sound**‘。
|
||||
注意,当你发现命令不会返回声音时。请确保你的系统不是静音的,声音已经在‘**sound preferences(声音选项)**‘ 中启用并确保勾选了‘**Enable window and window sound**‘。
|
||||
|
||||
### 31. tac 命令 ###
|
||||
|
||||
@ -208,7 +206,7 @@ factor实际是一个始于数学的命令。这个命令会输出所有给定
|
||||
> 2. One of such important tool is Shell Scripting. Windows however comes with such a tool but as usual it is much weak as compared to it's Linux Counterpart.
|
||||
> 3. Shell scripting/programming makes it possible to execute command(s), piped to get desired output in order to automate day-to-day usages.
|
||||
|
||||
现在用tac命令反转文件内容。
|
||||
现在用tac命令反转文件内容(译注:当然,我们知道cat反转过来就是tac)。
|
||||
|
||||
avi@localhost:~/Documents$ tac 35.txt
|
||||
|
||||
@ -218,7 +216,7 @@ factor实际是一个始于数学的命令。这个命令会输出所有给定
|
||||
> 2. One of such important tool is Shell Scripting. Windows however comes with such a tool but as usual it is much weak as compared to it's Linux Counterpart.
|
||||
> 1. Linux is built with certain powerful tools, which are unavailable in windows.
|
||||
|
||||
现在完了。如果你还知道其他一些Linux鲜为人知的命令,你可以在下面评论,那么我们你可以在以后的文章中包含进来。
|
||||
现在结束了。如果你还知道其他一些Linux鲜为人知的命令,你可以在下面评论,那么我们你可以在以后的文章中包含进来。
|
||||
|
||||
不要忘了给我们有价值的评论。我很快会发另外有趣的文章。别走开继续关注 **Tecmint**。
|
||||
|
||||
@ -226,7 +224,7 @@ factor实际是一个始于数学的命令。这个命令会输出所有给定
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.tecmint.com/10-lesser-known-commands-for-linux-part-3/
|
||||
|
||||
译者:[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) 校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
译者:[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) 校对:[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
@ -1,26 +1,29 @@
|
||||
OpenVPN 安全手册[part 1]
|
||||
Linux上如何通过 OpenVPN 建立安全的远程连接【上】
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
一直以来,我们在互联网上传输信息时,都谨慎地为这些信息加密,以防内容泄露出去,特别是在政府的干预下,为网络上每个字节都进行加密已经变得空前重要了。在这种情况下,OpenVPN 是保障网络信息安全的首选。今天我们就来学习一下如何架设 OpenVPN,使你可以在任何场所都能安全地访问家里的服务器。
|
||||
|
||||
VPN 小贴士:很多商业的 VPN 根本不值它们的售价,它们的安全性只比通过 SSL 保护的网站高一点点,原因是它们的安全意识还不够强,认为世上所有人都是值得信任的。而一个真正意义上的 VPN 认为在充满危险的互联网上只存在两个值得信任的终端 —— 即真正要建立连接的那两个。用户不能随便找一台 PC 机就能登录进 VPN,因为你的 VPN 如果能被随随便便的一台 PC 登录进来,不管它们建立的连接有多么安全,这都称不上是一件好事情。所以你必须在你的客户端和服务器端都要好好地配置一下 VPN 服务。
|
||||
VPN 小贴士:很多商业的 VPN 根本不值它们的售价,它们的安全性只比通过 SSL 保护的网站高一点点,原因是它们信任所有客户端。一个真正意义上的 VPN 用于在非可信网络上连接两个可信的终端。用户不能随便找一台 PC 机就能登录进 VPN,因为你的 VPN 如果能被一台受到病毒感染的 PC 登录进来,不管它们建立的连接有多么安全,都不是一件好事情。所以你必须在你的客户端和服务器端都要好好地配置一下 VPN 服务。
|
||||
|
||||
### OpenVPN 快速入门 ###
|
||||
|
||||
你需要两台不同子网下的计算机,比如一台连着光缆的 PC 和一台连着 Wifi 的 PC(或者是 VitualBox 虚拟机上的多台客户机),并且你要知道它们的 IP 地址。这里分别为这两台计算机命名为“Studio”和“Shop”,都给它们安上 OpenVPN。OpenVPN 支持大多数 Linux 发行版,所以你只要用你手头的安装包管理软件就行。本文的包管理器是 Debian、Ubuntu 以及它们的衍生版中使用的 apt-get,下面安装 OpenVPN:
|
||||
你需要两台不同子网下的计算机,比如同一网络内一台使用网线的 PC 和一台使用无线 的 PC(或者是 VitualBox 虚拟机上的多台Linux客户机),并且你要知道它们的 IP 地址。这里分别为这两台计算机命名为“Studio”和“Shop”,都给它们装上 OpenVPN。OpenVPN 支持大多数 Linux 发行版,所以你只要用你手头的安装包管理软件就行。本文的包管理器是 Debian、Ubuntu 以及它们的衍生版中使用的 apt-get,下面安装 OpenVPN:
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get install openvpn openvpn-blacklist
|
||||
|
||||
上面的步骤安装了 OpenVPN 服务器和一个用于检查外泄密钥的黑名单的程序。请务必安装这个黑名单检查器,因为有一次 Debian 发布了一个[有漏洞的 OpenSSL 软件][1],这个软件里的随机码生成器会产生不可信任的密钥 —— 产生的这些密钥不是真正的随机数,它们可以被预测到。这件事发生在2008年,当时所有使用了这个软件的人都需要修改他们这个不是秘密的密钥。即使5年过去了,我们还是建议使用这个黑名单检查器 —— 这是份廉价的保险。
|
||||
上面的步骤安装了 OpenVPN 服务器和一个用于检查外泄密钥黑名单的程序。请务必安装这个黑名单检查器,因为有一次 Debian 发布了一个[有漏洞的 OpenSSL 软件][1],这个软件里的随机码生成器会产生不可信任的密钥 —— 产生的这些密钥不是真正的随机数,它们可以被预测到。这件事发生在2008年,当时所有使用了这个软件的人都需要替换掉他们的弱密钥。即使5年过去了,我们还是建议使用这个黑名单检查器。
|
||||
|
||||
现在让我们试着为两台 PC 机创建一个不加密的通道。首先互 ping 一下确保它们能连通,然后让 OpenVPN 处于关闭状态(别着急,我们会在后面手动启动它):
|
||||
现在让我们测试下,先为两台 PC 创建一个不加密的通道。首先互 ping 一下确保它们能连通,然后让 OpenVPN 处于关闭状态(我们会在后面手动启动它):
|
||||
|
||||
$ ps ax|grep openvpn
|
||||
|
||||
如果 openvpn 这个后台进程存在,那就 kill 了它。这里假设“Studio”这台 PC 的 IP 是192.168.1.125,“Shop”的 IP 是192.168.2.125。现在在“Studio”端开启一个未加密的连接到“Shop”端:
|
||||
如果 openvpn 这个后台进程存在,那就 kill 了它。这里假设“Studio”这台 PC 的 IP 是192.168.1.125,“Shop”的 IP 是192.168.2.125。
|
||||
|
||||
现在在“Studio”端开启一个未加密的连接到“Shop”端:
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo openvpn --remote 192.168.2.125 --dev tun0 --ifconfig 10.0.0.1 10.0.0.2
|
||||
|
||||
然后开一个从“Shop”到“Studio”的连接:
|
||||
然后再开一个从“Shop”到“Studio”的连接:
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo openvpn --remote 192.168.1.125 --dev tun0 --ifconfig 10.0.0.2 10.0.0.1
|
||||
|
||||
@ -36,7 +39,7 @@ VPN 小贴士:很多商业的 VPN 根本不值它们的售价,它们的安
|
||||
Wed Oct 16 2013 Peer Connection Initiated with [AF_INET]192.168.2.125:1194
|
||||
Wed Oct 16 2013 Initialization Sequence Completed
|
||||
|
||||
看到“Initialization Sequence Completed”这句话时,说明你的操作成功了。这时你应该能够 ping 通两个隧道的 IP:ping 10.0.0.1 和 ping 10.0.0.2。当你建立隧道的时候,你无需在意你所在的网络,你可以为你的隧道指定任何 IP 地址。关闭隧道请按 Ctrl+c。
|
||||
看到“**Initialization Sequence Completed**”这句话时,说明你的操作成功了。这时你应该能够 ping 通两个隧道的 IP:ping 10.0.0.1 和 ping 10.0.0.2。当你建立隧道的时候,你无需在意你所在的网络,你可以为你的隧道指定任何 IP 地址。关闭隧道请按 Ctrl+c。
|
||||
|
||||
现在你可以利用这个隧道打开一个 SSH 会话了。图1显示了通过 VPN 隧道登录 SSH 的例子,这个图也显示了有趣的 Message of the Day(MOTD)图片,图片来自于博客《[在你的 Linux 系统上放一张奶牛的 MOTD 图片][2]》:
|
||||
|
||||
@ -46,11 +49,11 @@ VPN 小贴士:很多商业的 VPN 根本不值它们的售价,它们的安
|
||||
|
||||
*图1:成功通过 VPN 隧道建立 SSH 会话,并显示了有趣的 MOTD 图片*
|
||||
|
||||
哼哼哈𠯋,它运行得不错。
|
||||
哼哼哈嘿,它运行得不错!
|
||||
|
||||
### 加密后的 VPN 隧道 ###
|
||||
|
||||
目前为止,我们玩得还不赖,但是没有使用加密技术,一切都毫无意义,所以我们需要建立一个简单的静态密钥配置文件。不像公钥基础设施(PKI),有着根认证中心、可撤消认证等安全措施,我们的加密机制没有那么强悍,但是对于仅仅想远程到家里的用户来说,已经足够了。OpenVPN 有提供创建静态密钥的命令,我们可以建立目录、建立密钥文件,并将文件设为只读模式:
|
||||
目前为止,我们玩得还不赖,但是没有使用加密技术,一切都毫无意义,所以我们需要建立一个简单的静态密钥配置文件。不像公钥基础设施(PKI),有着根认证中心、可撤消认证等安全措施,我们的加密机制没有那么强悍,但是对于仅仅想远程到家里的用户来说,已经足够了。OpenVPN 有提供创建静态密钥的命令,我们可以建立目录存储密钥、创建密钥,并将文件设为对属主只读模式:
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo mkdir /etc/openvpn/keys/
|
||||
$ sudo openvpn --genkey --secret /etc/openvpn/keys/static.key
|
||||
@ -82,7 +85,7 @@ VPN 小贴士:很多商业的 VPN 根本不值它们的售价,它们的安
|
||||
$ sudo openvpn /etc/openvpn/studio.conf
|
||||
$ sudo openvpn /etc/openvpn/shop.conf
|
||||
|
||||
成功建立连接后,你还会看到“Initialization Sequence Completed”这句话,但你不会再看到这句 WARNING(这句话会在你建立了未加密的隧道时出现):
|
||||
成功建立连接后,你还会看到“**Initialization Sequence Completed**”这句话,但你不会再看到这句 WARNING(这句话会在你建立了未加密的隧道时出现):
|
||||
|
||||
******* WARNING *******: all encryption and authentication features disabled
|
||||
|
||||
@ -92,13 +95,13 @@ OpenVPN 本身是比较容易配置的,最麻烦的是处理防火墙和动态
|
||||
|
||||
接下来处理另一件麻烦事:动态 IP 地址。[Dyn.com][3]可以提供一个廉价的方法,为你管理 ISP 分配给你的动态 IP,或者你也可以向你的 ISP 支付一笔费用,从而得到一个静态 IP。
|
||||
|
||||
至此,你可以宣告工作完成了,接下来的任务就是手动开启服务器端的 OpenVPN,让它一直运行在那里,等待你的登录。你可以将你的笔记本拿到外面,并随时随地随心所欲地连接到服务器。然而,关于 OpenVPN 的操作,我还有一些重要的知识点要讲,比如如何为 OpenVPN 设置开机启动,如何利用 Network Manager 自动建立连接,以及这篇 OpenVPN 教程中最重要的一块:如何访问你的远程服务器上的资源。我们下周见。
|
||||
至此,你可以宣告工作完成了,接下来的任务就是手动开启服务器端的 OpenVPN,让它一直运行在那里,等待你的登录。你可以将你的笔记本拿到外面,并随时随地随心所欲地连接到服务器。然而,关于 OpenVPN 的操作,我还有一些重要的知识点要讲,比如如何为 OpenVPN 设置开机启动,如何利用 Network Manager 自动建立连接,以及这篇 OpenVPN 教程中最重要的一块:如何访问你的远程服务器上的资源。请看下一篇。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.linux.com/learn/tutorials/743590-secure-remote-networking-with-openvpn-on-linux
|
||||
|
||||
译者:[bazz2](https://github.com/bazz2) 校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
译者:[bazz2](https://github.com/bazz2) 校对:[jasminepeng](https://github.com/jasminepeng)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
@ -0,0 +1,94 @@
|
||||
Linux上如何通过 OpenVPN 建立安全的远程连接【下】
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
欢迎你们回来继续看我们的 OpenVPN 系列的下篇。[上次][1]我们讲到如何让远端计算机(如笔记本电脑)[通过简单的加密隧道][1]登录到家里的服务器。今天我们接着讲进阶部分:比如设置 OpenVPN 开机启动,省得我们每次重启服务器的时候都要手动开启 OpenVPN 服务;比如使用 Network Manager 简化访问到远程服务器的过程。
|
||||
|
||||
### 整合到 Network Manager ###
|
||||
|
||||
Network Manager 是一个不错的 OpenVPN 客户端;你只需要安装 network-manager-openvpn 这个插件。我们继续[上篇][1]使用的配置。打开 Network Manager 配置界面,进入“新建 VPN 连接”的窗口。这个界面布局在 KDE 和 GNOME 下面看起来有点不一样,但是大体的信息是一样的。开始的时候你需要选择 OpenVPN 作为你的 VPN 连接类型,就像图1所示;如果你没看到 OpenVPN 的选项,说明你没有安装好插件。(图1是一张 GNOME 下面的图片。)
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://www.linux.com/images/stories/41373/figu-1-openvpn-nm.jpg)
|
||||
|
||||
*图1:在 Network Manager 上新建 OpenVPN 客户端 *
|
||||
|
||||
图2显示了配置主界面。从上到下分别为:
|
||||
|
||||
- 连接名,随便取一个。
|
||||
- 远程服务器的网关。
|
||||
- 下拉菜单选择静态密钥(Static Key)。
|
||||
- 然后通过文件浏览器找到静态密钥文件。
|
||||
- 这个不是方向性的密钥,所以 Key Direction 这里设为 None。
|
||||
- 远程 IP 和 本地 IP 是我们在上一部分已经设置好的虚拟 OpenVPN 地址,可分别通过 /etc/openvpn/studio.conf 和 /etc/openvpn/shop.conf 文件获得。
|
||||
- 我们无需设置密码,所以“Show passwords”复选框为空。
|
||||
- 这个VPN连接是“所有人都可用”,还是只有你可用,随你喜欢。
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://www.linux.com/images/stories/41373/fig-2-openvpn-nm-1.jpg)
|
||||
|
||||
*图2:Network Manager 配置 OpenVPN 客户端主界面*
|
||||
|
||||
保存然后就可以使用 Network Manager 建立连接了。So easy,妈妈再也不用担心我的学习了!看见图3了么?你现在只需点击一下高亮的按钮就可以连接到你的家庭服务器,或从你的家庭服务器中断开连接。
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://www.linux.com/images/stories/41373/fig-3-openvpn-nm-3.jpg)
|
||||
|
||||
### OpenVPN 开机启动 ###
|
||||
|
||||
手动开启 OpenVPN 很简单,但是你也许想要更简单,让它能够在服务器重启的时候跟着自动启动。在 Debian/Ubuntu 以及绝大部分发行版中,当你安装完 OpenVPN 的时候就被设置为开机启动的。所以你需要重启系统,或者按下面的方法启动后台进程:
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo /etc/init.d/openvpn start
|
||||
$ sudo service openvpn start
|
||||
|
||||
第一个命令是比较老的启动方法,第二个命令使用了“service”命令。“service”命令第一次出现在 Red Hat 发行版中,如果你的发行版中没有安装这个命令,你需要从你的软件源里面去找到它。
|
||||
|
||||
Ubuntu 使用 Upstart 管理服务进程,Debain 使用的老的 SysV,而 Fedora 使用“systemd”。如果你在 /etc/openvpn 目录下配置了多个 OpenVPN 的服务,你可以通过“systemd”的命令启动你要的服务:
|
||||
|
||||
# systemctl start openvpn@studio.service
|
||||
|
||||
这里的“studio.service”与我们在上篇讲过的例子中的 /etc/openvpn/studio.conf 配置的服务相对应。用这些方法启动的后台进程,在系统重启后会失效,所以这些方法都和上篇讲的启动方式一样,仅能使 OpenVPN 运行一次。你可以将启动 OpenVPN 进程的任务交给 chkconfig:
|
||||
|
||||
# service openvpn start
|
||||
# chkconfig openvpn on
|
||||
|
||||
上面列出的是启动 OpenVPN 后台进程最常见的方式,这个命令启动了一整个进程,而不是对 /etc/openvpn/下面的所有 .conf 配置文件都维护一个进程。systemd 支持chkconfig 以及 service 命令,所以上面两条命令能够正常工作。然而使用 systemd 的发行版非常多,如果你的工作环境和我们的不一样,请通过发表评论的方式通知我们。
|
||||
|
||||
### 强化你的连接 ###
|
||||
|
||||
OpenVPN 的健壮性足够维持一条持久的连接,即使服务宕掉。而你可以令这个连接变得更加稳定,只需要在服务器端和客户端的 .conf 文件内添加下面两条属性:
|
||||
|
||||
persist-tun
|
||||
persist-key
|
||||
|
||||
这两条属性对于那些笔记本电脑用户来说非常有用,他们的电脑会因为电源保护或需要移来移去而经常断开 OpenVPN 的连接。
|
||||
|
||||
### 现在,该做些什么? ###
|
||||
|
||||
你已经完成了所有设置,并且你的服务工作正常,你接下来能用这个干点什么?如果你以前一直用 OpenSSH 来远程你的服务器,你会有这样的思维定势:你可以利用 OpenVPN 登录到远程机器,然后跑上面的应用。你要是那样做,就太浪费 OpenVPN 了。你可以将 OpenVPN 想像成是一条虚拟的以太网电缆接到你的服务器上或者是你的局域网内,这条电缆还包着厚厚的加密保护。你可以在它提供的隧道上跑任何加密的或不加密的服务,并且只需要在防火墙上开一个端口。
|
||||
|
||||
所以你可以利用 OpenVPN 隧道来建立 SSH 连接,然后远程到服务器,然后在服务器上跑应用。你可以访问到网络资源,比如文件共享和 Web 应用。你可以强制让你的电脑通过 VPN 隧道访问到网络,但我认为你会想要同时能够使用本地网络和 VPN 网络的。
|
||||
|
||||
所以,在你的笔记本上你可以上网冲浪,使用 SSH,做你想做的任何事,上你想上的**任何**网络。当你想利用 OpenVPN 隧道做一些事情时,你只需要打开它,然后输入 IP 地址:
|
||||
|
||||
$ ssh carla@10.0.0.1
|
||||
|
||||
对于一些 Web 服务,操作也简单:让你的 Web 浏览器访问到 OpenVPN 的 IP 地址然后登录进去。举个例子,我在我家的服务器上跑了多个 Web 服务做测试,我可以通过[http://10.0.0.1/drupal][2]访问 Drupal,可以通过[http://10.0.0.1/owncloud][3]访问 OwnCloud。我电脑上有优秀的图形界面 FTP 客户端 gFTP,所以只需要填入 IP 地址、用户名、密码就能访问到 FTP 服务器,或者使用下面的命令:
|
||||
|
||||
$ ftp 10.0.0.1 21
|
||||
|
||||
你可以远程管理你的 MySQL 数据库,输入帐号密码:
|
||||
|
||||
$ mysql -h 10.0.0.1 -u admin -p
|
||||
|
||||
所以最重要的是你要知道怎么去配置一个你想要玩的功能。
|
||||
|
||||
很显然,当我们使用名称服务(name service)时,会比直接使用 IP 地址更方便。所以某一天我们可以学学如何在 OpenVPN 上布署一个名称服务。现在,先享受一下 OpenVPN 带给你的乐趣吧。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.linux.com/learn/tutorials/745233-how-to-set-up-secure-remote-networking-with-openvpn-on-linux-part-2
|
||||
|
||||
译者:[bazz2](https://github.com/bazz2) 校对:[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://linux.cn/article-2286-1.html
|
||||
[2]:http://10.0.0.1/drupal
|
||||
[3]:http://10.0.0.1/owncloud
|
@ -53,6 +53,8 @@ ntopng安装完毕之后,接下来,新建一个ntopng配置目录,然后
|
||||
$ sudo mkir /etc/ntopng -p
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo -e /etc/ntopng/ntopng.start
|
||||
|
||||
修改如下:
|
||||
|
||||
> --local-networks "192.168.1.0/24"
|
||||
>
|
||||
@ -60,6 +62,8 @@ ntopng安装完毕之后,接下来,新建一个ntopng配置目录,然后
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo -e /etc/ntopng/ntopng.conf
|
||||
|
||||
修改如下:
|
||||
|
||||
> -G=/var/run/ntopng.pid
|
||||
|
||||
在运行ntopng之前,要确认先启动redis,刚才不说了,redis为ntopng提供键值存储嘛~
|
||||
@ -77,8 +81,7 @@ ntopng安装完毕之后,接下来,新建一个ntopng配置目录,然后
|
||||
ntopng默认监听TCP的3000端口,使用下列命令加以确认。
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo netstat -nap|grep ntopng
|
||||
|
||||
> tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3000 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 29566/ntopng
|
||||
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3000 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 29566/ntopng
|
||||
|
||||
###基于Web界面的网络流量监控###
|
||||
|
||||
@ -88,16 +91,21 @@ ntopng默认监听TCP的3000端口,使用下列命令加以确认。
|
||||
|
||||
下面是一些截图。
|
||||
|
||||
top流的实时可视化图像
|
||||
**top流的实时可视化图像**
|
||||
|
||||
[![](http://farm4.staticflickr.com/3830/10487165303_8bf0b25668_z.jpg)][8]
|
||||
|
||||
top主机的实时统计,包括top协议和top AS数量
|
||||
**top主机的实时统计,包括top协议和top AS数量**
|
||||
|
||||
[![](http://farm3.staticflickr.com/2886/10486988416_7c8770e823_z.jpg)][9]
|
||||
|
||||
基于DPI的自动程序/服务探索生成的的实时数据报告
|
||||
**基于DPI的自动程序/服务探索生成的的实时数据报告**
|
||||
|
||||
历史流量数据分析
|
||||
[![](http://farm8.staticflickr.com/7379/10486995114_f0b58243a8_z.jpg)][10]
|
||||
[![](http://farm6.staticflickr.com/5500/10486988386_641608ecac_z.jpg)][10]
|
||||
|
||||
**历史流量数据分析**
|
||||
|
||||
[![](http://farm8.staticflickr.com/7379/10486995114_f0b58243a8_z.jpg)][11]
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
@ -116,4 +124,5 @@ via: http://xmodulo.com/2013/10/set-web-based-network-traffic-monitoring-linux.h
|
||||
[7]:http://xmodulo.com/go/fedora_guide
|
||||
[8]:http://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/10487165303/
|
||||
[9]:http://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/10486988416/
|
||||
[10]:http://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/10486995114/
|
||||
[10]:http://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/10486988386/
|
||||
[11]:http://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/10486995114/
|
@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
|
||||
KDE和Canonical的关于Mir的冲突最终爆发了
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
KDE开发者和Canonical之间酝酿的冲突在一连串Mir显示服务器所造成的问题后最终爆发了。
|
||||
|
||||
KDE与Canonical,尤其是Mark Shuttleworth,有很深的交情。曾几何时,在2006年,Mark Shuttleworth是第一个赞助KDE的人,人们总会像这样谈论这件事:
|
||||
|
||||
“我毫不怀疑当你看到KDE4所带来的巨大潜能时,你会知道你今天所做的是正确的。你是个真正有远见的人。这个世界需要更多的像你一样的人。”一位KDE社区成员所述。
|
||||
|
||||
而在七年之后,Canonical宣布了一款新的显示服务器Mir,而KDE、Kubuntu和Canonical社区的所有东西已经被丢到窗外。
|
||||
|
||||
[一篇由Mark Shuttleworth写的文章][1]最终成为了战争的导火索,其中写道,他将所有批判Mir显示服务器的人归类到一个虚拟的“茶派”,在他看来这就是派系的而已。有很多人,尤其是几个高级KDE开发者,他们批判Mir,他们在一开始就反对Mir。
|
||||
|
||||
KDE Plasma的开发者兼KDE组织主席,亚伦·塞戈,就这个问题向Mark Shuttleworth发起抗议。而[Canonical的创始人没有理睬][2]他的要求,这引起了一系列反应.
|
||||
|
||||
第二个反应来自一位Kwin的开发者和维护者,Martin Gräßlin,他说这基本上[可以跟Ubuntu社区说Goodbye了][3]。在他的Google+上跟Ubuntu社区经理Jono Bacon的对话已经占满了所有回帖.
|
||||
|
||||
“开源总是个很火爆的话题。有时候讨论时会带点粗鲁和不敬。难点是每个人对于粗鲁和无礼的定义是有区别的。就像,每个人对于好和坏行为评定是不同的” Jono Bacon在他帖子所述.
|
||||
|
||||
他对于Martin Gräßlin的决定表示遗憾,但他也指出了Ubuntu的行为准则2.0,被打破了很多次已经很难计数了。
|
||||
|
||||
按照现在的情况,KDE绝不会采用Mir,Kubuntu可能带有配件,也许Ubuntu风光的日子已经时日不多。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/KDE-and-Canonical-Conflict-Over-Mir-Finally-Bursts-into-Open-396651.shtml
|
||||
|
||||
译者:[Luoxcat](https://github.com/Luoxcat) 校对:[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://news.softpedia.com/news/Mark-Shuttleworth-Says-That-Mir-Opponents-Have-Formed-the-Open-Source-Tea-Party-392793.shtml
|
||||
[2]:http://news.softpedia.com/news/KDE-Developer-and-President-of-KDE-e-v-Upset-Because-Mark-Shuttleworth-Is-Ignoring-Him-396623.shtml
|
||||
[3]:http://news.softpedia.com/news/Major-KDE-Developer-Says-Goodbye-to-Ubuntu-396429.shtml
|
@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
|
||||
Ubuntu vs. openSUSE:不同的公司控制风格的比较
|
||||
====
|
||||
*Ubuntu和OpenSUSE以不同的方式发展他们的Linux发行版。你觉得哪种好?*
|
||||
|
||||
相当多的linux开发都接受来自那些有意改善Linux的公司的资助,这早已不是秘密(这里的Linux我指的是组成一个完整Linux系统的任何部分)。但是,许多公司进行资助的方式却有很大不同。
|
||||
|
||||
让我们看看两个很典型的例子:Ubuntu和openSUSE。
|
||||
|
||||
这两者都是Linux发行版。两者都是一个规模庞大、长期持续且非常成功的项目,并且它们都有一个包括志愿者和付费职员的大型社区。然而,两者之间的不同还是相当明显而且非常重要。
|
||||
|
||||
对于Ubuntu,它发展的主要方向是由Canonical的团队及其领袖Mark Shuttleworth决定的。当谈到Canonical真正“掌舵”Ubuntu时,我们能很快就会想起两个例子,例如Unity(Ubuntu自己的用户界面)和Mir(Ubuntu自己的显示服务)。在许多事情上,母公司都会在没有协商(可以这么说)的情况下设定目标、项目和优先级。例如,Ubuntu的Unity用户界面对于Canonical公司广泛战略目标来说是必须的。一些社区成员喜欢它,另一些则讨厌它。但是不管怎么说,Unity都已经成为Ubuntu的默认用户界面了。
|
||||
|
||||
但是这是一件坏事吗?我不确信它到底是好还是坏。这只是这个项目如何与公司相处的问题。
|
||||
|
||||
于此形成对比的是openSUSE,它也有一个公司掌控者,好吧,就是SUSE。关键的不同点是SUSE以“SUSE Linux企业版”的形式提供一个商业发行版。尽管openSUSE(社区Linux发行版)与SUSE Linux发行版(商业发行版)在技术上有许多重叠之处...然而专业的说,两者是不同的。
|
||||
|
||||
这意味着SUSE,作为一个公司,对待openSUSE时可以更多的采取放手不管的方式,他们的兴趣就是寻找那些被改善的关键性技术(例如,Btrfs文件系统),检测以及打包社区发行版中那些他们想包含在商业发行版中的软件包,但是社区发行版与商业发行版分离的方式与Canonical采取方式相比,给他们提供了更大的灵活性。在这方面,和Canonical不同。
|
||||
|
||||
这种方法和红帽对待Fedora的方式非常相似,已经成为了一个公司使用社区Linux发行版为基础,销售企业级的Linux系统的一种成功之路。
|
||||
|
||||
不过,坦白的说两种模式我都看到了优点和缺点。在组织上以及管理上(公众部分)他们都面临着各自的难题。实际上,这两种方法与它们的不同点比起来,相同点更多一些。
|
||||
|
||||
我非常愿意听到你们对此的看法。你是更喜欢你的以社区为基础的Linux发行版有一个单一的领袖?还是更喜欢你Linux发行版的大多数决定都是有社区驱动的呢?公司是否应该强势控制Linux发行版,还是应该大胆放手让社区来决定呢?请在评论里留言,让我们知道你的看法。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.networkworld.com/community/node/84250
|
||||
|
||||
译者:[Linux-pdz](https://github.com/Linux-pdz) 校对:[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
@ -1,107 +0,0 @@
|
||||
Luoxcat Translating
|
||||
|
||||
9 Linux Uname Command Examples To Get Operating System Details
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
![](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/linux-uname-command.png)
|
||||
|
||||
When you are in console mode, there is no ‘Right click > About’ to give you information about your operating system. In Linux, you can use command **uname** to help you about that. Uname is the short name for **unix name**. Just type **uname** in console.
|
||||
|
||||
When you type uname without parameter, it will only show the name of your operating system.
|
||||
|
||||
# uname
|
||||
Linux
|
||||
|
||||
It may not satisfy what you need. So you may need to use some parameters to make uname show the information you need.
|
||||
|
||||
Here’s the list of uname parameters :
|
||||
|
||||
### 1. Kernel name ###
|
||||
|
||||
To reveal the kernel name, you can use **-s** parameter.
|
||||
|
||||
# uname -s
|
||||
Linux
|
||||
|
||||
The output will be same with uname without parameter.
|
||||
|
||||
### 2. Kernel release ###
|
||||
|
||||
If you need to know what kernel release you’re using, just use **-r** parameter
|
||||
|
||||
# uname -r
|
||||
2.6.18-371.1.2.el5
|
||||
|
||||
### 3. Kernel version ###
|
||||
|
||||
Beside kernel information, uname can also fetch the kernel version. Use **-v** parameter for this purpose
|
||||
|
||||
# uname -v
|
||||
#1 SMP Tue Oct 22 12:57:43 EDT 2013
|
||||
|
||||
### 4. Nodename ###
|
||||
|
||||
Parameter -n will give you the node hostname. For example, if your hostname is “dev-machine”, **-n** parameter will print dev-machine as the output of -n parameter
|
||||
|
||||
# uname -n
|
||||
dev-machine
|
||||
|
||||
For RedHat and CentOS, you can also use **/etc/redhat_release** file :
|
||||
|
||||
# cat /etc/redhat_release
|
||||
CentOS release 5.10 (Final)
|
||||
|
||||
For non-RedHat based distro, you may use **/etc/issue**. Here’s the example :
|
||||
|
||||
# cat /etc/issue
|
||||
Linux Mint Olivia \n \l
|
||||
|
||||
### 5. Hardware name ###
|
||||
|
||||
If you are wondering what kind of machine you’re using, you can try **-m** parameter. It will show you information about it.
|
||||
|
||||
# uname -m
|
||||
i686
|
||||
|
||||
i686 is indicates that your system is 32 bit operating system. While x86_64 means your system is a 64 bit system.
|
||||
|
||||
### 6. Hardware platform ###
|
||||
|
||||
Similar with hardware name, -i parameter will show you hardware platfrom.
|
||||
|
||||
# uname -i
|
||||
i386
|
||||
|
||||
i386 mean you are running a 32 bit system. If the output is x86_64 it’s mean that you are running 64 bis system.
|
||||
|
||||
### 7. Processor type ###
|
||||
|
||||
To see processor type, you can use **-p** parameter. If uname is not able to show you that information, it will show you ‘unknown’ in the output.
|
||||
|
||||
# uname -p
|
||||
i686
|
||||
|
||||
### 8. Operating system ###
|
||||
|
||||
Uname can also used to reveal what operating system you are running. Use **-o** parameter to fulfill this purpose.
|
||||
|
||||
# uname -o
|
||||
GNU/Linux
|
||||
|
||||
### 9. All information ###
|
||||
|
||||
There is one parameter that can reveal all information. It’s **-a** parameter. It will show you all information **except omit -i and -p** if they are unknown.
|
||||
|
||||
# uname -a
|
||||
Linux dev-machine 2.6.18-371.1.2.el5 #1 SMP Tue Oct 22 12:57:43 EDT 2013 i686 i686 i386 GNU/Linux
|
||||
|
||||
That’s the uname command in use. Please stay tuned to see more commands.
|
||||
|
||||
Thank you.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://linoxide.com/linux-command/uname-command/
|
||||
|
||||
译者:[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
@ -1,42 +0,0 @@
|
||||
[scusjs占坑]Daily Ubuntu Tips – Adding User Accounts In Ubuntu
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
Ubuntu is a multi-user operating system. Multi-user OS means that more than one users are access the computer with separate and individual profile with home folder, documents, and settings. User A can login and make changes to his/her profile without affecting user **B’s** profile.
|
||||
|
||||
So, instead of creating a single shared account for everyone in your household, you can create an individual account for each user who will be using your home computer. This brief tutorial is going to show you how to do that when using Ubuntu.
|
||||
|
||||
To get started, click on the far fight of the menu bar and select the gear icon, then click System Settings.
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://www.liberiangeek.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/ubuntulockscreendisable4.png)
|
||||
|
||||
When that opens, click ‘**User Accounts**’ from the bottom of your screen as shown below
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://www.liberiangeek.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/useraccountsubuntu.png)
|
||||
|
||||
You need administrative privileges to add user accounts to Ubuntu. If you do, click Unlock before adding accounts.
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://www.liberiangeek.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/useraccountsubuntu1.png)
|
||||
|
||||
Next, click the plus ( + ) button to create a user account.
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://www.liberiangeek.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/useraccountsubuntu2.png)
|
||||
|
||||
There are two primary account types when creating new users. **Standard User** and **Administrator**. User with administrative rights can delete users, install software and drivers, change the date and time and can make changes that may render the computer unstable.
|
||||
|
||||
Standard won’t be able to make these changes. He/she can only change stuff in his/her profile.
|
||||
|
||||
When you enter the full name of the user, the username will automatically be selected for you based on his full name. It’s ok to keep it but you can change it if you like. When you’re done, click Create to create the account.
|
||||
|
||||
By default, the account is disabled and will remain so until you change/add a password. To enable the account, click the Account disabled button, then type a new password.
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://www.liberiangeek.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/useraccountsubuntu3.png)
|
||||
|
||||
If you want to user to automatically logon without typing password, you can choose the drop-down option while setting his/her password to logon automatically.
|
||||
|
||||
Enjoy!
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.liberiangeek.net/2013/09/daily-ubuntu-tips-adding-user-accounts-ubuntu/
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
译者:[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
|
||||
翻译中 Luox
|
||||
Daily Ubuntu Tips – Create Virtual Network Cards In Ubuntu Linux
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
This tutorial is for users who want to experiment a bit with Ubuntu Linux. It not for everyone, especially those with machines that are used in production.
|
||||
@ -38,4 +39,4 @@ via: http://www.liberiangeek.net/2013/11/daily-ubuntu-tips-create-virtual-networ
|
||||
|
||||
译者:[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
@ -1,3 +1,6 @@
|
||||
【chenguang】翻译中》》》》》》》》》》》................
|
||||
=
|
||||
|
||||
Daily Ubuntu Tips–Make The Mouse Left-handed For Left Hand Users
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
The computer mouse was designed to be operated mostly using your index finger (the finger next to your thumb). By default, the mouse is configured for right-handed users. When you turn on your machine the first time, in most cases you will have to use your right index finger to click on things.
|
||||
@ -28,4 +31,4 @@ via: http://www.liberiangeek.net/2013/11/daily-ubuntu-tipsmake-the-mouse-left-ha
|
||||
|
||||
译者:[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
@ -1,94 +0,0 @@
|
||||
[Being translated by bazz2]
|
||||
How to Set Up Secure Remote Networking with OpenVPN on Linux, Part 2
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
Greetings fellow Linux users, and welcome to the second part of our glorious OpenVPN series. When last we met we learned how to set up a [simple OpenVPN encrypted tunnel][1] between a home server and a remote node, such as a laptop. Today we're adding refinements such as how to daemonize OpenVPN so we don't have to start it manually, use Network Manager for easy connecting to our remote server, and access services.
|
||||
|
||||
### Network Manager Integration ###
|
||||
|
||||
Network Manager is a nice OpenVPN client; just make sure you have the network-manager-openvpn plugin installed. We'll use our example configurations from part 1. Open your Network Manager configuration and find the window where you set up a new VPN connection. This looks different on KDE and GNOME, but the information you'll need is the same. When you start you need to see an OpenVPN connection type, like in figure 1; if you don't see this then the plugin is missing. (The figures are from GNOME.)
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://www.linux.com/images/stories/41373/figu-1-openvpn-nm.jpg)
|
||||
|
||||
*Figure 1: Creating a new OpenVPN client config in Network Manager.*
|
||||
|
||||
Figure 2 shows the main configuration screen. Starting from the top:
|
||||
|
||||
- Whatever name you want for this connection.
|
||||
- The Gateway is the IP address of your remote server.
|
||||
- Select Static Key from the dropdown menu,
|
||||
- Then use the filepicker to find the key you want to use.
|
||||
- This is not a directional key, so select None.
|
||||
- The remote and local IP addresses are your virtual OpenVPN addresses, from your /etc/openvpn/foo.conf files.
|
||||
- We did not set a password.
|
||||
- "Available to all users" or just you, whichever you want.
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://www.linux.com/images/stories/41373/fig-2-openvpn-nm-1.jpg)
|
||||
|
||||
*Figure 2: Main Network Manager configuration for OpenVN client.*
|
||||
|
||||
Save, and then use Network Manager to connect. Easy peasey! Now you can connect and disconnect with the click of a button (figure 3).
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://www.linux.com/images/stories/41373/fig-3-openvpn-nm-3.jpg)
|
||||
|
||||
### Run OpenVPN Automatically ###
|
||||
|
||||
It's simple to start up OpenVPN manually, but you might want to daemonize it on your server for convenience, and to survive accidental reboots. On Debian/Ubuntu/great-thundering-herd-of-spawn distros this is handled automatically: when you install OpenVPN it's configured to automatically start at boot. So, after installation you need to reboot, or start the daemon with one of these commands:
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo /etc/init.d/openvpn start
|
||||
$ sudo service openvpn start
|
||||
|
||||
The first command is the old-fashioned way, and the second command uses the service command. service first appeared in Red Hat Linux back in the olden days, and if your distro doesn't install it by default it's probably lurking in the repos if you want to use it.
|
||||
|
||||
Fedora uses the systemd init system, in contrast to Ubuntu which uses Upstart, and Debian still uses good old SysV init. If you have multiple OpenVPN configurations in /etc/openvpn you can start each one selectively in systemd, like this:
|
||||
|
||||
# systemctl start systemctl start openvpn@studio.service
|
||||
|
||||
Where "studio.service" references our example /etc/openvpn/studio.conf file from part one. This invocation does not survive a reboot, so it's just like running openvpn /etc/openvpn/studio.conf, which is how we started OpenVPN sessions manually in part 1. You should be able to daemonize OpenVPN on systemd with chkconfig:
|
||||
|
||||
# service openvpn start
|
||||
# chkconfig openvpn on
|
||||
|
||||
That should daemonize OpenVPN in the usual way, which is as a monolithic daemon and not individually per .conf file in /etc/openvpn/. systemd supports the chkconfig and servicecommands so it should work. However, the distros that use systemd are quite variable, so if yours is different please let us know in the comments.
|
||||
|
||||
### Strengthening Your Connection ###
|
||||
|
||||
OpenVPN is robust and is good at maintaining a persistent connection, even with service interruptions. You can make your connection even stronger by adding these lines to your .conf files on clients and server:
|
||||
|
||||
persist-tun
|
||||
persist-key
|
||||
|
||||
These are helpful for laptop users who disrupt their connection a lot with power-save and being on the move.
|
||||
|
||||
### Now What? ###
|
||||
|
||||
Now that you have this all set up and working, what do you do with it? If you're used to using OpenSSH for remote operations you might be stuck in the SSH mindset of being able to log into specific machines and run applications. It doesn't work that way. Rather, think of OpenVPN as a virtual Ethernet cable to your server or LAN, all wrapped in a nice stout layer of encryption. You can run unencrypted and encrypted services over the same tunnel, and you only have to open a single hole in your firewall.
|
||||
|
||||
So you can run SSH in the way you're used to over your OpenVPN tunnel, and do remote administration and run applications. You can access network resources such as fileshares and Web applications. You can force all networking on the client to go through your VPN tunnel, but for this series I've assumed that you want to be able to use both your native and VPN networks.
|
||||
|
||||
So there you are on your trusty laptop and you can surf the Web, run SSH, do whatever you want on whatever network you're connected to. Then when you want to run something over your OpenVPN tunnel open it up and specify the IP address, like this:
|
||||
|
||||
$ ssh carla@10.0.0.1
|
||||
|
||||
Web applications are easy: point your Web browser to the virtual IP address of your OpenVPN server and log in as usual. For example, I run various Web services for testing on my home server. So I access Drupal at [http://10.0.0.1/drupal][2] and OwnCloud at [http://10.0.0.1/owncloud][3]. I use the nice gFTP graphical FTP client, so all I need to connect is the virtual IP address on the Host line, username, and password. Or use the command line:
|
||||
|
||||
$ ftp 10.0.0.1 21
|
||||
|
||||
You can administer your MySQL database from afar, using your own username and password:
|
||||
|
||||
$ mysql -h 10.0.0.1 -u admin -p
|
||||
|
||||
So the main thing you need to know is how to add the host specification to whatever command you want to run.
|
||||
|
||||
Obviously, this would all be easier with name services instead of having to use IP addresses, so one of these days we'll learn how to implement name services in OpenVPN. Meanwhile, please enjoy your nice secure OpenVPN tunnel.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.linux.com/learn/tutorials/745233-how-to-set-up-secure-remote-networking-with-openvpn-on-linux-part-2
|
||||
|
||||
译者:[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://www.linux.com/learn/tutorials/743590-secure-remote-networking-with-openvpn-on-linux
|
||||
[2]:http://10.0.0.1/drupal
|
||||
[3]:http://10.0.0.1/owncloud
|
@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
|
||||
[being translated] by thinkinglk
|
||||
How to manage Linux server with GUI
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
A typical Linux server runs in a command line interface (CLI) environment, preloaded with bare essential tools needed to install and configure various headless services. Compared to a full-blown GUI desktop image, such a minimal setup is advantageous in terms of security, resource consumption and speed.
|
||||
|
@ -1,156 +0,0 @@
|
||||
Manage and Limit Download/Upload Bandwidth with Trickle in Linux
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
Have you ever encountered situations where one application dominated you all network bandwidth? If you have ever been in a situation where one application ate all your traffic, then you will value the role of the trickle bandwidth shaper application. Either you are a system admin or just a Linux user, you need to learn how to control the upload and download speeds for applications to make sure that your network bandwidth is not burned by a single application.
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/Bandwidth-limit-trickle.png)
|
||||
|
||||
### What is Trickle? ###
|
||||
|
||||
**Trickle** is a bandwidth shaper tool which can be used to limit the bandwidth usage of programs such as **Firefox, FTP , SSH** and many other applications that make use of the network bandwidth. Do you want your **Youtube** music experience to interfere with the ftp download? If not, keep reading this article and learn how to install and use the trickle application in your machine.
|
||||
|
||||
### How to Install Trickle in Linux ###
|
||||
|
||||
The trickle tool has its own dependencies, you must have the “**libevent library**” before you can install and use trickle but since this library is installed by default in most modern Linux machines.
|
||||
|
||||
#### On Debian/Ubuntu/Linux Mint ####
|
||||
|
||||
Run **apt-get install** trickle will do the job in **Debian/Ubuntu/Mint** machines. Make sure the sources list is up to date, then install the application you want.
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get update
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get install trickle
|
||||
|
||||
#### On RHEL/CentOS/Fedora ####
|
||||
|
||||
First you need to update the system and then install trickle with the following command.
|
||||
|
||||
# yum update
|
||||
# yum install trickle
|
||||
|
||||
### How Trickle Works? ###
|
||||
|
||||
Trickle controls and limits the **upload/download** speed of an application by controlling the amount of data written or read by a socket. It uses an alternative version of the the **BSD** socket API, but the difference is that trickle manages socket calls also.
|
||||
|
||||
Note that trickle uses dynamic linking and loading, so it can only work with applications that use the “Glibc library“. Since trickle is able to set up the delay of data transferred over a socket, it is clear that it can limit the network bandwidth of an application.
|
||||
|
||||
### What Can’t Trickle do? ###
|
||||
|
||||
Trickle can not be use to limit the network bandwidth of applications that work over **UDP** protocol, it can only work on **TCP** connections, but you have to know that it does not work with all **TCP** connections. If you have followed this article carefully until now, you can guess the reason why. Can you recall the fact that tickle can work with applications that use the **Glibc library**?
|
||||
|
||||
I have to mention that trickle will not work with statically linked executables.
|
||||
|
||||
### Determine Trickle to Run on a Specified Application Or Not ###
|
||||
|
||||
Since trickle can not limit the **upload/download** speed of every application, it is reasonable to use a method for finding out the applications that the trickle can work with.
|
||||
|
||||
The “**ldd**” utility will help us to find if a specific program uses the “**libc.so**” library or not. If the program uses this library, then you can use trickle to limit its network bandwidth usage.
|
||||
|
||||
The **ldd** command is used to print the shared libraries required by each program. If you are a curious **Linux Geek**, you can use the man command to find out more information about the **ldd** utility.
|
||||
|
||||
# man ldd
|
||||
|
||||
**Filezilla** is a program which is used to transfer files through the ftp protocol, can trickle be used to limit its download or upload speed? At the time you are thinking about it, I will use the following command to find out if trickle can be used with filezilla program, or not.
|
||||
|
||||
# ldd filezilla | grep libc.so
|
||||
|
||||
In my case, it produces the following output.
|
||||
|
||||
oltjano@oltjano-X55CR:/usr/bin$ ldd filezilla | grep libc.so
|
||||
libc.so.6 => /lib/i386-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 (0xb6bc4000)
|
||||
|
||||
Since filezilla uses the “**libc.so**” library, trickle can be used to shape its network bandwidth. This method can be applied the same way for every program you are interested in.
|
||||
|
||||
### Learn How to Use Trickle ###
|
||||
|
||||
Print the **version** of the trickle tool with the following command.
|
||||
|
||||
root@oltjano-X55CR:~# trickle -V
|
||||
trickle: version 1.07
|
||||
|
||||
Linux have many command-line utilities that make testing (experimenting) so fun and beautiful. The following command uses the [wget utility][1] to download the latest Pear OS image.
|
||||
|
||||
root@oltjano-X55CR:~# wget wget http://sourceforge.net/projects/pearoslinux/files/Pear%20OS%208/pearos8-i386.iso/download
|
||||
|
||||
--2013-11-20 11:56:32-- http://sourceforge.net/projects/pearoslinux/files/Pear%20OS%208/pearos8-i386.iso/download
|
||||
Resolving sourceforge.net (sourceforge.net)... 216.34.181.60
|
||||
Connecting to sourceforge.net (sourceforge.net)|216.34.181.60|:80... connected.
|
||||
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 302 Found
|
||||
Location: http://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/pearoslinux/Pear%20OS%208/pearos8-i386.iso?r=&ts=1384928843&use_mirror=kaz [following]
|
||||
--2013-11-20 11:56:33-- http://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/pearoslinux/Pear%20OS%208/pearos8-i386.iso?r=&ts=1384928843&use_mirror=kaz
|
||||
Resolving downloads.sourceforge.net (downloads.sourceforge.net)... 216.34.181.59
|
||||
Connecting to downloads.sourceforge.net (downloads.sourceforge.net)|216.34.181.59|:80... connected.
|
||||
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 302 Found
|
||||
Location: http://kaz.dl.sourceforge.net/project/pearoslinux/Pear%20OS%208/pearos8-i386.iso [following]
|
||||
--2013-11-20 11:56:33-- http://kaz.dl.sourceforge.net/project/pearoslinux/Pear%20OS%208/pearos8-i386.iso
|
||||
Resolving kaz.dl.sourceforge.net (kaz.dl.sourceforge.net)... 88.204.157.163
|
||||
Connecting to kaz.dl.sourceforge.net (kaz.dl.sourceforge.net)|88.204.157.163|:80... connected.
|
||||
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
|
||||
Length: 1093664768 (1.0G) [application/octet-stream]
|
||||
Saving to: ‘download’
|
||||
|
||||
0% [ ] 30,78,278 381KB/s eta 1h 50m
|
||||
|
||||
As you can see from above output, the download speed is about **381 KB/s**. I want to limit the download speed to **13 K/s** so I can use my bandwidth for other stuff. The following command is used to limit the speed of the Wget utility to **13 K/s**.
|
||||
|
||||
root@oltjano-X55CR:~# trickle -d 13 wget http://sourceforge.net/projects/pearoslinux/files/Pear%20OS%208/pearos8-i386.iso/download
|
||||
|
||||
ravisaive@ravisaive-OptiPlex-380:~$ trickle -d 13 wget http://sourceforge.net/projects/pearoslinux/files/Pear%20OS%208/pearos8-i386.iso/download
|
||||
|
||||
--2013-11-20 12:01:19-- http://sourceforge.net/projects/pearoslinux/files/Pear%20OS%208/pearos8-i386.iso/download
|
||||
Resolving sourceforge.net (sourceforge.net)... 216.34.181.60
|
||||
Connecting to sourceforge.net (sourceforge.net)|216.34.181.60|:80... connected.
|
||||
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 302 Found
|
||||
Location: http://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/pearoslinux/Pear%20OS%208/pearos8-i386.iso?r=&ts=1384929129&use_mirror=kaz [following]
|
||||
--2013-11-20 12:01:19-- http://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/pearoslinux/Pear%20OS%208/pearos8-i386.iso?r=&ts=1384929129&use_mirror=kaz
|
||||
Resolving downloads.sourceforge.net (downloads.sourceforge.net)... 216.34.181.59
|
||||
Connecting to downloads.sourceforge.net (downloads.sourceforge.net)|216.34.181.59|:80... connected.
|
||||
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 302 Found
|
||||
Location: http://kaz.dl.sourceforge.net/project/pearoslinux/Pear%20OS%208/pearos8-i386.iso [following]
|
||||
--2013-11-20 12:01:20-- http://kaz.dl.sourceforge.net/project/pearoslinux/Pear%20OS%208/pearos8-i386.iso
|
||||
Resolving kaz.dl.sourceforge.net (kaz.dl.sourceforge.net)... 88.204.157.163
|
||||
Connecting to kaz.dl.sourceforge.net (kaz.dl.sourceforge.net)|88.204.157.163|:80... connected.
|
||||
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
|
||||
Length: 1093664768 (1.0G) [application/octet-stream]
|
||||
Saving to: ‘download.1’
|
||||
|
||||
0% [ ] 2,01,550 13.1KB/s eta 21h 5m
|
||||
|
||||
As you can see from above output, the downloading speed is limited to **13K/s**. The download will take **21h** and **5m**. The “**-d**” option in the above command means download, you can also combine the “**-d**” option with the upload option (**-u**) like shown in the following command.
|
||||
|
||||
# trickle -u 100 -d 50 ftp
|
||||
|
||||
The above command is used to limit the upload speed to **100K/s** and download speed to **50K/s** of a **ftp client**. You can also limit the bandwidth for all commands running in a single shell with the following command.
|
||||
|
||||
trickle -d 130 -u 13 bash
|
||||
|
||||
Every command-line utility offers help to the user, use the “-h” option with the trickle command to find more information about the trickle tool usage.
|
||||
|
||||
root@oltjano-X55CR:/usr/bin# trickle -h
|
||||
|
||||
Usage: trickle [-hvVs] [-d <rate>] [-u <rate>] [-w <length>] [-t <seconds>]
|
||||
[-l <length>] [-n <path>] command ...
|
||||
-h Help (this)
|
||||
-v Increase verbosity level
|
||||
-V Print trickle version
|
||||
-s Run trickle in standalone mode independent of trickled
|
||||
-d <rate> Set maximum cumulative download rate to <rate> KB/s
|
||||
-u <rate> Set maximum cumulative upload rate to <rate> KB/s
|
||||
-w <length> Set window length to <length> KB
|
||||
-t <seconds> Set default smoothing time to <seconds> s
|
||||
-l <length> Set default smoothing length to <length> KB
|
||||
-n <path> Use trickled socket name <path>
|
||||
-L <ms> Set latency to <ms> milliseconds
|
||||
-P <path> Preload the specified .so instead of the default one
|
||||
|
||||
### Conclusion ###
|
||||
|
||||
This article taught how to install trickle tool in your Linux machine and how to do some simple things with it. It does no matter if you work for a large corporate or just for yourself, the trickle tool is a must for an advanced Linux user.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.tecmint.com/manage-and-limit-downloadupload-bandwidth-with-trickle-in-linux/
|
||||
|
||||
译者:[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://www.tecmint.com/10-wget-command-examples-in-linux/
|
@ -1,26 +0,0 @@
|
||||
翻译中 by Linux-pdz
|
||||
Play A Crossword Game With Adobe’s Leaked Passwords
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
A **crossword** game with **Adobe’s** Leaked Passwords is now available for playing at [http://zed0.co.uk/crossword/][1]. The author of this game, created the crossword to highlight how insecure most common memorable passwords are and how little you should trust that corporations, such as Adobe, are following best practice when it comes to storing them.
|
||||
|
||||
The crossword uses 1000 most common passwords from the Adobe’s recent password leak in order to inform you about weak password. If your password is in the crossword then you should go change it immediately if you use the same password anywhere else. You have a very bad password! Go and change it, before it is too late.
|
||||
|
||||
The author of this nice helpful game, explains for the reader that he got the idea from [xkcd #1286: Encryptic][2] and also tells us that releasing these passwords is not a huge security risk as many people have already guessed them long ago.
|
||||
|
||||
You still don’t know anything about the Adobe cloud security breach?
|
||||
|
||||
Lately Adobe has been a target for cyber criminals. The Adobe security team has discovered a sophisticated attack on Adobe’s network which involves the illegal access of customer information as well as source code for numerous Adobe products. According to the security announcement on Adobe’s blog the attackers accessed Adobe customer IDs and encrypted passwords, but members at Adobe’s Security Team don’t believe any decrypted credit or debit card number is removed from the system.
|
||||
|
||||
You can read more about this security announcement [here][3].
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.unixmen.com/play-crossword-game-adobes-leaked-passwords/
|
||||
|
||||
译者:[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://zed0.co.uk/crossword/
|
||||
[2]:http://www.xkcd.com/1286/
|
||||
[3]:http://www.unixmen.com/illegal-access-adobe-source-code/
|
@ -1,106 +0,0 @@
|
||||
翻译中 by Linux-pdz
|
||||
VidMasta: A Desktop Application For Searching Movies And TV Shows
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
Ever wanted to search for a Movie or a TV shows from your desktop or searching for a application to do it for you whenever you want? Here is a application to fulfil your needs.
|
||||
|
||||
[**VidMasta**][1] is free, cross-platform, federated search desktop application to read about, preview, watch, and download any movie or television titles that are being shared online. It will run on Linux, Windows and Mac OS X.
|
||||
|
||||
### Features ###
|
||||
|
||||
Using VidMasta, you can do the following:
|
||||
|
||||
- Watch or download movie and television titles in any format.
|
||||
- Supported formats are: TV, DVD, 720p, 1080i/p.
|
||||
- Anonymity via automatic filtering of untrusted IPs, the use of proxies, and encryption.
|
||||
- “Deep Search, Best Source” algorithm for superior video download links.
|
||||
- “Popular Movies” and “Popular TV Shows” options to display recent movies/tv shows that have been downloaded the most.
|
||||
- Download video subtitles.
|
||||
- Set the number of results per search.
|
||||
- Set the minimum and maximum size of a video file that can be downloaded.
|
||||
- Set the video file extensions that can be downloaded.
|
||||
- Search for movie and television titles by name, release date, genre, rating, country, and language.
|
||||
- Automatic ordering of search results by popularity.
|
||||
- Hear and read small summaries of titles.
|
||||
- View trailers of titles.
|
||||
- View release dates and ratings of titles.
|
||||
- Multithreading for fast load times of search results and links.
|
||||
- Detection of video box sets.
|
||||
- [PeerBlock][2] integration (only available for Windows 2000, XP, Vista, and 7).
|
||||
- No additional software is needed beyond [Java][3] (version 6 or greater).
|
||||
- Automatic (silent) updating of the application.
|
||||
|
||||
### Install VidMasta On Linux ###
|
||||
|
||||
Before installing VidMasta you should have install the latest Java in your Linux Desktop.
|
||||
|
||||
Download the latest version from [**here**][4]. Go the folder where you downloaded the file and install it using the following command:
|
||||
|
||||
sudo java -jar vidmasta-setup-16.7.jar
|
||||
|
||||
The following screen should appear. Click Next to continue.
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/Installation-of-VidMasta_001.jpg)
|
||||
|
||||
Select the installation path and click Next.
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/Installation-of-VidMasta_002.jpg)
|
||||
|
||||
After completing the installation, click Next.
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/Installation-of-VidMasta_004.jpg)
|
||||
|
||||
Setup the shortcuts.
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/Installation-of-VidMasta_007.jpg)
|
||||
|
||||
Finally click Done to finish the installation.
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/Installation-of-VidMasta_008.jpg)
|
||||
|
||||
After completing the installation, VidMasta will automatically open. This is how default interface of VidMasta looks.
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/VidMasta_009.jpg)
|
||||
|
||||
### Search Movies & TV Shows ###
|
||||
|
||||
Searching Movies and TV shows are pretty easy. Enter the movie title in the Title box. Select the Movie Genre and the Movie format such as “Any”, “DVD”, “720HD” or “1080 HD” etc. Then hit Enter to start search. Also you an filter the movie results with ratings. If you don’t know the movie name, check the box “Any” Menu bar.
|
||||
|
||||
For example here i am searching “Adventure” genre movies with 720 HD quality which are released between November 1st, 2012 to today. Once you hit Search button, VidMasta will fetch the results from [www.imdb.com][5] website and display the results as per your search criteria. Below is the sample output.
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/VidMasta_012.jpg)
|
||||
|
||||
You can watch trailer or read the movie summary before downloading it. To view the movie summary, select any movie, right click on it and click Read Summary. Also you can use the buttons below the search results to Read Summary, Watch Trailer, Download or Watch Full movie.
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/VidMasta_013.jpg)
|
||||
|
||||
Moreover, you can watch the Trailer before downloading the movie. Click on the Watch Trailer button. The Trailer will be opened in a new browser window as shown below.
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/%E2%96%B6-Django-Unchained-Official-Trailer-HD-YouTube-Mozilla-Firefox_014.jpg)
|
||||
|
||||
If you like the movie, click on the Download links(Download link 1 or Download link 2) to get the movie.
|
||||
|
||||
### Popular Movies & Popular TV Shows ###
|
||||
|
||||
So you don’t know which movie or TV show is being mostly watched all time. Don’t worry, VidMata has a option to watch the Popular movies or TV shows. Just click on the Popular Movies or Popular TV Shows button to find out.
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/VidMasta_015.jpg)
|
||||
|
||||
Cool, isn’t it?
|
||||
|
||||
Please note that i couldn’t not watch or download recent movies. May be copy rights or geographical problems. Also you should install the latest Java and disable ad-block programs to play and download movies.
|
||||
|
||||
What are you waiting for? Go, get it and have fun!
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.unixmen.com/vidmasta-desktop-application-searching-movies-tv-shows/
|
||||
|
||||
译者:[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:https://sites.google.com/site/algwares/vidmasta
|
||||
[2]:http://www.peerblock.com/
|
||||
[3]:http://www.java.com/
|
||||
[4]:http://sourceforge.net/projects/vidmasta/
|
||||
[5]:http://www.unixmen.com/vidmasta-desktop-application-searching-movies-tv-shows/www.imdb.com
|
@ -0,0 +1,119 @@
|
||||
九个用Linux uname 命令获取操作系统详情的实例
|
||||
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/linux-uname-command.png)
|
||||
|
||||
当你在控制台模式下,无法通过‘右击 > About’给予你关于操作系统的信息.在Linux下,你可以用**uname**命令,帮助你完成. Uname是**unix name**的缩写.让我们先在控制台键入**uname**.
|
||||
|
||||
当你输入uname不带参数时,它仅仅只显示你的操作系统的名字.
|
||||
|
||||
# uname
|
||||
|
||||
Linux
|
||||
|
||||
也许它不能满足你的需要.所以你需要用一些参数使uname显示所需信息.
|
||||
|
||||
以下是uname参数的列表:
|
||||
|
||||
### 1. 内核名称 ###
|
||||
|
||||
你可以用**-s**参数,显示内核名称.
|
||||
|
||||
# uname -s
|
||||
|
||||
Linux
|
||||
|
||||
输出信息会跟uname不带参数时输出的一样.
|
||||
|
||||
### 2. 内核发行版 ###
|
||||
|
||||
如果你想知道你正在使用那个内核版本,就可以用**-r**参数
|
||||
|
||||
# uname -r
|
||||
|
||||
2.6.18-371.1.2.el5
|
||||
|
||||
### 3. 内核版本 ###
|
||||
|
||||
除一些内核信息外,用**-v**参数uname也能获取更详细的内核信息.
|
||||
|
||||
# uname -v
|
||||
|
||||
#1 SMP Tue Oct 22 12:57:43 EDT 2013
|
||||
|
||||
### 4. 节点名 ###
|
||||
|
||||
参数 -n 会提供给你节点的主机名.举例来说,如果你的主机名是“dev-machine”,**-n**参数会打印用-n参数的输出.
|
||||
|
||||
# uname -n
|
||||
|
||||
dev-machine
|
||||
|
||||
对于RedHat和CentOS用户来说,你也可以通过**/etc/redhat_release**文件:
|
||||
|
||||
# cat /etc/redhat_release
|
||||
|
||||
CentOS release 5.10 (Final)
|
||||
|
||||
如果不是基于RedHat的发行版,你可以用**/et/issue/**文件.类似如下:
|
||||
|
||||
# cat /etc/issue
|
||||
|
||||
Linux Mint Olivia \n \l:
|
||||
|
||||
### 5.硬件名称 ###
|
||||
|
||||
如果你在疑惑用的是那类机器,你可以尝试**-m**参数.它将告诉你关于硬件的信息.
|
||||
|
||||
# uname -m
|
||||
|
||||
i686
|
||||
|
||||
i686表明了你用的是32位的操作系统.如果是X86_64则表明你用的是64位的系统.
|
||||
|
||||
### 6. 硬件平台 ###
|
||||
|
||||
类似与硬件名称, -i参数会显示你的硬件平台.
|
||||
|
||||
# uname -i
|
||||
|
||||
i386
|
||||
|
||||
i386意味这是正在运行一个32位的系统.如果输出的是X86_64则说明你正在运行一个64位的系统.
|
||||
|
||||
### 7. 处理器类型 ###
|
||||
|
||||
你可以用**-p**参数查看处理器类型.如果uname无法识别,它会显示 ‘unknown’ 的输出.
|
||||
|
||||
# uname -p
|
||||
|
||||
i686
|
||||
|
||||
### 8. 操作系统 ###
|
||||
|
||||
Uname也可以透露你在运行的操作系统.用**-o**参数可以实现这个目的.
|
||||
|
||||
# uname -o
|
||||
|
||||
GNU/Linux
|
||||
|
||||
### 9. 所有信息 ###
|
||||
|
||||
有一个参数可以展示所有的信息!.这就是**-a**参数.它会显示所有信息,如果**-i和-p**输出为unknown则默认会被省略.
|
||||
|
||||
# uname -a
|
||||
|
||||
Linux dev-machine 2.6.18-371.1.2.el5 #1 SMP Tue Oct 22 12:57:43 EDT 2013 i686 i686 i386 GNU/Linux
|
||||
|
||||
以上就是关于uname命令的使用.请敬请期待更多的命令!
|
||||
|
||||
谢谢!
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://linoxide.com/linux-command/uname-command/
|
||||
|
||||
译者:[Luoxcat](https://github.com/Luoxcat) 校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
@ -1,36 +1,37 @@
|
||||
[scusjs占坑]Daily Ubuntu Tips – Adding User Accounts In Ubuntu
|
||||
每日Ubuntu小技巧——在Ubuntu中添加用户
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
Ubuntu is a multi-user operating system. Multi-user OS means that more than one users are access the computer with separate and individual profile with home folder, documents, and settings. User A can login and make changes to his/her profile without affecting user **B’s** profile.
|
||||
|
||||
So, instead of creating a single shared account for everyone in your household, you can create an individual account for each user who will be using your home computer. This brief tutorial is going to show you how to do that when using Ubuntu.
|
||||
Ubuntu是一个多用户操作系统。多用户操作系统意味着多个用户可以通过独立的、个人的HOME文件夹,文件和设置访问计算机。用户A可以登录并修改他/她自己的配置文件而不会影响用户 **B ** 的配置文件。
|
||||
|
||||
To get started, click on the far fight of the menu bar and select the gear icon, then click System Settings.
|
||||
因此你可以为每一个可能使用你家里电脑的用户创建一个独立的账户而不是仅仅为所有人创建一个共享的账户。
|
||||
|
||||
为了获得上面所说的那样的独立账户,首先点击长条菜单栏上的齿轮图标,然后点击系统设置。
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://www.liberiangeek.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/ubuntulockscreendisable4.png)
|
||||
|
||||
When that opens, click ‘**User Accounts**’ from the bottom of your screen as shown below
|
||||
当如图所示的窗口打开后,点击“**用户账户(User Accounts)**”
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://www.liberiangeek.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/useraccountsubuntu.png)
|
||||
|
||||
You need administrative privileges to add user accounts to Ubuntu. If you do, click Unlock before adding accounts.
|
||||
要添加用户到你的Ubuntu需要管理员权限。如果你要这么做,就在添加账户前点击解锁。
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://www.liberiangeek.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/useraccountsubuntu1.png)
|
||||
|
||||
Next, click the plus ( + ) button to create a user account.
|
||||
然后,点击加号( + )按钮来创建用户账户。
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://www.liberiangeek.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/useraccountsubuntu2.png)
|
||||
|
||||
There are two primary account types when creating new users. **Standard User** and **Administrator**. User with administrative rights can delete users, install software and drivers, change the date and time and can make changes that may render the computer unstable.
|
||||
当你创建用户时有两种基本的账户类型: **标准用户 ** 和 **管理员** 。管理员权限用户有权限删除用户,安装软件和驱动,修改日期和时间,或者会进行一些可能使计算机不稳当的操作。
|
||||
|
||||
Standard won’t be able to make these changes. He/she can only change stuff in his/her profile.
|
||||
标准用户不能进行这些操作。他/她只能够修改自己的个人设置里面的东西。
|
||||
|
||||
When you enter the full name of the user, the username will automatically be selected for you based on his full name. It’s ok to keep it but you can change it if you like. When you’re done, click Create to create the account.
|
||||
当你输入用户的全名时,用户名将会根据全名自动的被选择。你可以保留自动生成的用户名,如果你需要的话也可以修改用户名。完成后,点击创建来创建账户。
|
||||
|
||||
By default, the account is disabled and will remain so until you change/add a password. To enable the account, click the Account disabled button, then type a new password.
|
||||
默认情况下,你创建的账户将会不可用,直到你修改/添加了密码。要想让账户可用,点击账户不可用按钮,然后输入密码。
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://www.liberiangeek.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/useraccountsubuntu3.png)
|
||||
|
||||
If you want to user to automatically logon without typing password, you can choose the drop-down option while setting his/her password to logon automatically.
|
||||
如果你想要用户自动登录而不用输入密码,你可以在设置他/她登录密码的时候选择下载选项中的自动登录。
|
||||
|
||||
Enjoy!
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
@ -39,4 +40,4 @@ via: http://www.liberiangeek.net/2013/09/daily-ubuntu-tips-adding-user-accounts-
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
译者:[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
译者:[SCUSJS](https://github.com/scusjs) 校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
|
||||
Ubuntu小贴士-改变Samba工作组和计算机名
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
这里还有另一个Ubuntu新手经常问的问题,答案很简单,但是对于新人来说完全理解需要花费一些时间。
|
||||
|
||||
这里有一些我们几天前收到的问题:
|
||||
|
||||
> 怎样在Ubuntu里改变Samba工作组和计算机名?
|
||||
|
||||
对于大多数的Ubuntu用户来说,给计算机改一个名字一定会在最低限度完成的列表上,更不用说Samba工作组了,一些少量的高级用户或者也会想轻松地在使用Ubuntu时做到这些。
|
||||
|
||||
如果是在Ubuntu里改变计算机名这个问题的话,我们之前已经写过一个简单的文章了,你真可以在[这里][1]找到。紧紧跟随[在Ubuntu里改变计算机名(changing your computer name in Ubuntu)][1]这篇向导性文章就可以达到你的目标。
|
||||
|
||||
或许还有别的方法可以在Ubuntu里改变你的计算机名但是这是最简单而快速的方法。对于那些使用Ubuntu服务器的,你可以使用Vi或者Vim编辑hostname和host等文件。使用Vi或者Vim对大多数人有点儿难,所以只有部分由使用这些编辑器的知识的人才会使用它。
|
||||
|
||||
要在Ubuntu里改变Samba工作组,按下键盘上的**Ctrl – Alt – T** 打开终端。但它(终端)打开后,运行下面的命令以编辑Samba的配置文件。
|
||||
|
||||
sudo gedit /etc/samba/smb.conf
|
||||
|
||||
这个文件打开之后,确定在[global]段的以workgroup开头的行有你想要起给工作组的名字。例如,如果你想要让工作组叫UBGP,将WORKGROUP替换成UBGP然后保存文件。在大多数情况下,你会必须重启计算机以应用这些改变。
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://www.liberiangeek.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/workgroupubuntu.png)
|
||||
|
||||
这就是怎样在Unbuntu里改变你的计算机的名字和它的工作组。切记,如果你想做这些以分享或者访问Windows的文件或者文件夹,你必须安装Samba。离了Samba,和Windows共享文件会很难。
|
||||
|
||||
运行以下命令以安装Samba。
|
||||
|
||||
sudo apt-get install samba
|
||||
|
||||
请继续关注和访问更多关于Ubuntu的小贴士。
|
||||
|
||||
尽情享受吧!
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.liberiangeek.net/2013/11/daily-ubuntu-tips-change-samba-workgroup-and-computer-name/
|
||||
|
||||
译者:[crowner](https://github.com/crowner) 校对:[wxy](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://www.liberiangeek.net/2013/10/daily-ubuntu-tips-change-computer-name/
|
@ -1,13 +1,14 @@
|
||||
如何在Linux的桌面上创建快捷方式或启动器
|
||||
===
|
||||
假如在Linux桌面系统中有一个程序你经常使用,你可能想去创建一个“桌面快捷方式”,以便于你在桌面只要点击一下快捷方式就可以启动它。大多数带有图形界面的程序会在安装时自动在桌面上创建快捷方式,还有一些图形界面程序或者命令行程序可能需要你手动创建快捷方式。
|
||||
如果在Linux桌面系统中你经常使用一个程序,你可能想去创建一个“桌面快捷方式”,以便于你在桌面只要点击一下快捷方式就可以启动它。不过大多数带有图形界面的程序会在安装时自动在桌面上创建快捷方式,还有一些图形界面程序或者命令行程序可能需要你手动创建快捷方式。
|
||||
|
||||
在这个手册里,我将告诉你**如何在不同的Linux桌面上添加桌面快捷方式**。
|
||||
|
||||
一个桌面快捷方式是由内含该APP元信息(例如,app的名字,启动命令或者图标位置等)的.desktop文件所表示的。桌面快捷方式文件放置于**/usr/share/applications**或者**~/.local/share/applications**处。前一个目录存储每个人都可以使用桌面快捷方式,而后一个目录则含有特定用户创建的快捷方式。
|
||||
一个桌面快捷方式是由内含该APP元信息(例如,app的名字,启动命令或者图标位置等)的.desktop文件所表示的。桌面快捷方式文件放置于**/usr/share/applications**或者**~/.local/share/applications**处。前一个目录存储的桌面快捷方式每个用户都可以使用,而后一个目录则含有仅仅为特定用户创建的快捷方式。
|
||||
|
||||
###使用命令行创建桌面快捷方式
|
||||
为特定程序或命令创建桌面快捷方式,你可以使用任意文本编辑器创建一个.desktop文件,然后把它放到**/usr/share/applications**或者**~/.local/share/applications**处。一个典型的.desktop文件像下面这样。
|
||||
|
||||
为特定程序或命令创建桌面快捷方式,你可以使用任意文本编辑器创建一个.desktop文件,然后把它放到**/usr/share/applications**或者**~/.local/share/applications**处。一个典型的.desktop文件如下图所示。
|
||||
|
||||
[Desktop Entry]
|
||||
Encoding=UTF-8
|
||||
@ -21,17 +22,17 @@
|
||||
Categories=Application;Network;Security; #categories in which this app should be listed.
|
||||
Comment[en_US]=yEd Graph Editor #comment which appears as a tooltip.
|
||||
|
||||
除了手动创建.desktop文件之外,依据你的系统所采用的桌面环境的不同有不同的创建应用快捷方式的方法,接下来我们将会讲解这方法。
|
||||
除了手动创建.desktop文件之外,依据你的系统所采用的桌面环境的不同有不同的创建应用快捷方式的方法,接下来的教程我将为你讲解。
|
||||
|
||||
###在GNOME桌面下创建快捷方式
|
||||
|
||||
在GNOME桌面环境下,你可以使用gnome-desktop-item-edit很容易的去创建一个桌面快捷方式。
|
||||
在GNOME桌面环境下,你可以使用gnome-desktop-item-edit轻松创建创建一个桌面快捷方式。
|
||||
|
||||
$ gonme-desktop-item-edit ~/.local/share/applications --create-new
|
||||
|
||||
在这个例子中,gnome-desktop-item-edit会在目录~/.local/share/applications中自动创建一个桌面启动器文件。若是想自定义快件方式图标或者其它信息,你可以手动编辑.desktop文件。
|
||||
在这个例子中,gnome-desktop-item-edit会在目录~/.local/share/applications中自动创建一个桌面启动器文件。若是想自定义快捷方式图标或者其它信息,你可以手动编辑.desktop文件。
|
||||
|
||||
假如你的系统上没有安装gnome-desktop-item-edit(例如,在Ubuntu上),你可以依照下面方式安装:
|
||||
如果在你的系统上,gnome-desktop-item-edit不可用(例如,在Ubuntu上),你可以依照下面方式安装:
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get install --no-install-recommends gnome-panel
|
||||
|
||||
@ -43,7 +44,7 @@ kickoff是KDE桌面默认的应用启动器。可以直接在kickoff里添加新
|
||||
|
||||
[![](http://farm3.staticflickr.com/2839/10848506344_7949638fe0.jpg)][1]
|
||||
|
||||
在你要创建快捷方式的合适分类处右击,点击位于顶部的“新条目”按钮,键入应用的名字。
|
||||
在你要创建快捷方式的合适分类处(例如, "Utilities")右击,点击位于顶部的“新条目”按钮,键入应用的名字。
|
||||
|
||||
[![](http://farm8.staticflickr.com/7459/10848418496_ac6de897fe_z.jpg)][2]
|
||||
|
||||
@ -53,9 +54,9 @@ kickoff是KDE桌面默认的应用启动器。可以直接在kickoff里添加新
|
||||
|
||||
###在xfce桌面上创建快捷方式
|
||||
|
||||
假如你使用xfce桌面,在桌面空白处右击,然后选择“创建启动器”按钮。然后填上快捷方式的详细信息就可以了。
|
||||
假如你使用xfce桌面,在桌面空白处右击,选择“创建启动器”按钮。然后填上快捷方式的详细信息就可以了。
|
||||
|
||||
###在Cinnamon桌面上创建快捷方式
|
||||
###在Cinnamon桌面上创建快捷方式
|
||||
|
||||
假如使用的是Linux Mint的Cinnamon桌面,你可以在桌面空白处右击鼠标,选择菜单“创建启动器”而创建一个应用启动器。
|
||||
|
||||
@ -69,7 +70,7 @@ kickoff是KDE桌面默认的应用启动器。可以直接在kickoff里添加新
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://xmodulo.com/2013/11/create-desktop-shortcut-launcher-linux.html
|
||||
|
||||
译者:[Linux-pdz](https://github.com/Linux-pdz) 校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
译者:[Linux-pdz](https://github.com/Linux-pdz) 校对:[Caroline](https://github.com/carolinewuyan)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
|
@ -0,0 +1,84 @@
|
||||
如何在Linux平台上安装Ghost博客平g
|
||||
===
|
||||
[Ghost][1]是一个相对新的博客发布平台,它开始与在众筹平台kickstarter上的一个[£25,000的众筹项目][2]。尽管WordPress依然是网上主流的博客工具,但它现在已然是一个拥有众多第三方开发的功能的通用内容管理平台,发展到现在已经逐渐变得笨重、复杂以至于难以维护。但于此同时,仅仅诞生才几个月的Ghost承诺要做一个纯粹的博客平台,打造一个以用户为中心的精雕细琢的用户界面。
|
||||
|
||||
在本手册中,我将描述**如何在Linux平台设置Ghost博客平台**。
|
||||
|
||||
###在Linux上安装Ghost
|
||||
|
||||
Ghost是使用Node.js框架编写的。因此,首先你需要在你的Linux系统上[安装Node.js框架][3]。确保Node.js的版本为0.10或者更高。接下来,登录入[http://ghost.org][1](需要注册),然后下载Ghost的源代码。记者按照下面的步骤安装:
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo mkdir -p /var/www/ghost
|
||||
$ sudo unzip ghost-0.3.3.zip -d /var/www/ghost
|
||||
$ cd /var/www/ghost
|
||||
$ sudo npm install --production
|
||||
|
||||
###启动前先配置Ghost
|
||||
在你启动Ghost之前,按照下面的步骤在/var/www/ghost/config.js位置创建它的配置文件。使用你的主机的IP地址替换掉“YOUR_IP”。
|
||||
|
||||
$ cd /var/www/ghost
|
||||
$ sudo cp config.example.js config.js
|
||||
$ sudo sed -i 's/127.0.0.1/YOUR_IP/g' config.js
|
||||
|
||||
###以开发者模式尝试运行Ghost
|
||||
|
||||
搞到这一步,你就可以准备去启动Ghost咯。
|
||||
|
||||
要注意的是,Ghost可以以两种不同的模式运行:“开发者模式”和“用户模式”。为了安全起见,Ghost将两种模式的配置文件(/var/www/ghost/content/data)分开存放。例如,两种不同的模式使用不同的数据库文件(例如位于/var/www/content/data的ghostdev.db和ghost.db)。
|
||||
|
||||
使用一下命令就可以启动Ghost。Ghost默认以开发者模式运行。
|
||||
|
||||
$ cd /var/www/ghost
|
||||
$ sudo npm start
|
||||
|
||||
Ghost成功运行后,终端中会有以下输出信息,告诉你Ghost正运行在<YOUR_IP>:2368(译者注:端口号)。
|
||||
|
||||
[![](http://farm8.staticflickr.com/7317/10881189204_d714f11321_z.jpg)][4]
|
||||
|
||||
在你的浏览器中键入 http://<YOUR_IP>:2368,身份校验后你就会看到Ghost的初始页面。
|
||||
|
||||
[![](http://farm4.staticflickr.com/3750/10881348733_f77d220de6_z.jpg)][5]
|
||||
|
||||
###以用户身份启动Ghost
|
||||
|
||||
在你确认Ghost运行完好后,按下Ctrl+C停用开发者模式下的Ghost。现在你就可以在用户模式下启动Ghost咯。当你以用户模式运行Ghost时,你就可以使用Node.js呼叫forever模块了,forever模块允许你以守护进程运行Ghost,还可以让你以后台进程运行Ghost。
|
||||
|
||||
安装forever模块:
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo npm install forever -g
|
||||
|
||||
最后,你就可以以用户模式像下面这样运行Ghost:
|
||||
|
||||
$ cd /var/www/ghost
|
||||
$ sudo NODE_ENV=production forever start index.js
|
||||
|
||||
检查一下Ghost的数据库文件是否成功以用户模式创建(/var/www/ghost/content/ghost.db)。
|
||||
|
||||
你也可以检查一下forever活动进程列表:
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo forever list
|
||||
|
||||
> info: Forever processes running
|
||||
> data: uid command script forever pid logfile uptime
|
||||
> data: [0] cH0O /usr/bin/nodejs index.js 15355 15357 /home/dev/.forever/cH0O.log 0:0:0:37.741
|
||||
|
||||
假如你看到以上信息,意味着Ghost已经成功以后台进程运行咯。
|
||||
|
||||
想停止Ghost守护进程,可以运行以下命令:
|
||||
|
||||
$ cd /var/www/ghost
|
||||
$ sudo forever stop index.js
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://xmodulo.com/2013/11/install-ghost-blogging-platform-linux.html
|
||||
|
||||
译者:[Linux-pdz](https://github.com/Linux-pdz) 校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:https://ghost.org/
|
||||
[2]:http://www.kickstarter.com/projects/johnonolan/ghost-just-a-blogging-platform
|
||||
[3]:http://ask.xmodulo.com/install-node-js-linux.html
|
||||
[4]:http://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/10881189204/
|
||||
[5]:http://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/10881348733/
|
@ -1,35 +0,0 @@
|
||||
KDE和Canonical的关于Mir的冲突最终爆发了
|
||||
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
KDE开发者和Canonical酿造的冲突在一连串Mir显示服务器所造成的问题后最终爆发了.
|
||||
|
||||
KDE对Canonical,尤其是马克·沙特尔沃思,有很深的交情.曾几何时,在2006年,马克·沙特尔沃思克是第一个赞助KDE的人,人们总会像这样谈论这件事:
|
||||
|
||||
“我毫不怀疑一旦你看到KDE4所带来的巨大潜能,你所做是正确的.你是个真正有远见的人.这个世界需要更多的像你一样的人.”一位KDE社区成员所述.
|
||||
|
||||
七年过去了,Canonical宣布了一款新的显示服务器Mir,所有KDE,Kubuntu,和Canonical社区已经携手抛弃window.
|
||||
|
||||
[一篇由马克·沙特尔沃思写的文章][1]最终成为了战争的导火索,其中写道他分组里的所有人已经开始批判Mir显示服务器,建立了一个虚拟的“茶话会”,可在他看来这纯粹是政治原因.有很多人批判了,尤其是几个高级KDE开发者,它们在一开始就反对Mir.
|
||||
|
||||
KDE Plasma 开发者兼KDE组织主席,亚伦·塞戈,就这个问题向马克·沙特尔沃思发起争论.[Canonical的创始人忽视了他的请求][2],这引起了一系列反应.
|
||||
|
||||
第二个反应的是一位Kwin的开发者和维护者, Martin Gräßlin, 他说这基本上[可以跟Ubuntu社区说Goodbye了][3].在他的Google+上跟Ubuntu社区经理Jono Bacon的对话已经占满了所有回帖.
|
||||
|
||||
“开源总是个很火的话题.有时候讨论时会带点粗鲁和不敬.难点是每个人对于粗鲁和无礼的定义是有区别的.就像,每个人对于好和坏行为评定是不同的” Jono Bacon在他帖子所述.
|
||||
|
||||
他对于Martin Gräßlin的决定表示遗憾,但他也指出了Ubuntu的2.0行为准则,被打破了很多次已经很难计数了.
|
||||
|
||||
按照现在的情况,KDE绝不会采用Mir,Kubuntu可能伴有配件,也许跟这风气的Ubuntu已经时日不多.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://news.softpedia.com/news/KDE-and-Canonical-Conflict-Over-Mir-Finally-Bursts-into-Open-396651.shtml
|
||||
|
||||
译者:[Luoxcat](https://github.com/Luoxcat) 校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://news.softpedia.com/news/Mark-Shuttleworth-Says-That-Mir-Opponents-Have-Formed-the-Open-Source-Tea-Party-392793.shtml
|
||||
[2]:http://news.softpedia.com/news/KDE-Developer-and-President-of-KDE-e-v-Upset-Because-Mark-Shuttleworth-Is-Ignoring-Him-396623.shtml
|
||||
[3]:http://news.softpedia.com/news/Major-KDE-Developer-Says-Goodbye-to-Ubuntu-396429.shtml
|
@ -0,0 +1,156 @@
|
||||
Linux 下使用Trickle管理和限制下载/上传带宽
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
你有没有遇到过一个程序占用了你所有的网络带宽的情况?如果你遇到过,那么你就需要限制带宽的应用。或者你是一个系统管理员或者只是一名Linux用户,你需要学习如何控制应用的上传和下载速度来确保你的网络带宽不会被一个程序耗光。
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/Bandwidth-limit-trickle.png)
|
||||
|
||||
### Trickle 是什么? ###
|
||||
|
||||
**Trickle**是一款用来限制如**Firefox, FTP , SSH**和其他程序带宽使用的带宽限制工具来确保网络带宽。你希望你的**Youtube**音乐体验影响到你的ftp下载么?不过不想,继续阅读这篇文章,你会学到如何安装和使用trickle在你的机器上。
|
||||
|
||||
### 怎样在Linux上安装Trickle ###
|
||||
|
||||
trickle有它自己的依赖,你必须在安装和使用trickle之前安装了“**libevent 库**”,但这个在大多数现在Linux机器上已经默认安装。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 在 Debian/Ubuntu/Linux Mint 上####
|
||||
|
||||
在**Debian/Ubuntu/Mint** 机器上运行 **apt-get install trickle**会有效。请确保源列表已经更新,接着安装你想要的应用。
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get update
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get install trickle
|
||||
|
||||
#### 在 RHEL/CentOS/Fedora 上####
|
||||
|
||||
首先你需要更新系统接着使用接下来的命令安装trickle。
|
||||
|
||||
# yum update
|
||||
# yum install trickle
|
||||
|
||||
### Trickle如何工作? ###
|
||||
|
||||
Trickle通过控制某个socket数据的写入和读取数量来控制和限制应用的**上传/下载**速度。它使用另一个版本的**BSD**套接字API,但是区别是trickle还管理socket调用。
|
||||
|
||||
要注意的是trickle使用动态链接和加载,所以它只对于使用"Glibc库"的程序有用。由于trickle可以设置数据在socket的传输延迟,因此它明显可以用来限制一个应用的网络带宽。
|
||||
|
||||
### Trickle不能做什么? ###
|
||||
|
||||
Trickle不能限制使用**UDP**协议的应用的带宽,它只可用于**TCP**连接,但是你要知道它也并不是可以工作在所有的**TCP**连接。如果你到现在仔细地看了这篇文章,你可以猜到原因是什么。你能回忆起trickle可以工作在使用**Glibc库**应用的事实么?
|
||||
|
||||
我不得说一下trickle无法工作在使用静态链接的可执行程序上。
|
||||
|
||||
### 确定Trickle是否可运行在某个特定应用上 ###
|
||||
|
||||
既然trickle无法显示每个应用的**上传/下载**速度,那么有理由要使用一个方法来找出trickle可以工作的应用。
|
||||
|
||||
**ldd**工具可以帮我们找出某个特定的程序是否使用了**libc.so**库。如果程序使用了这个库,那么你可以使用trickle来限制它的网络带宽使用。
|
||||
|
||||
**ldd**命令被用来打印每个程序需要的共享库。如果你是一个好奇的**Linux Geek**,那么你可以使用man命令来找出关于ldd工具的更多信息。
|
||||
|
||||
# man ldd
|
||||
|
||||
**Filezilla**是一款使用ftp协议传输文件的程序,trickle可以用来限制它的下载或者上传速度么?在你考虑的时候,我使用以下的命令来找出trickle是否可用在filezilla。
|
||||
|
||||
# ldd filezilla | grep libc.so
|
||||
|
||||
就我而言,它输出了如下:
|
||||
|
||||
oltjano@oltjano-X55CR:/usr/bin$ ldd filezilla | grep libc.so
|
||||
libc.so.6 => /lib/i386-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 (0xb6bc4000)
|
||||
|
||||
既然filezilla使用了“**libc.so**”库,那么trickle可以用来限制它的网络带宽。这个方法可以用在任何你感兴趣的程序上。
|
||||
|
||||
### 学习如何使用Trickle ###
|
||||
|
||||
打印下面的命令打印trickle工具的**版本**。
|
||||
|
||||
root@oltjano-X55CR:~# trickle -V
|
||||
trickle: version 1.07
|
||||
|
||||
Linux有很多命令行工具使得测试(实验)变得有趣和美丽。下载的命令使用[wget 工具][1]来下载最新的Pear OS镜像
|
||||
|
||||
root@oltjano-X55CR:~# wget http://sourceforge.net/projects/pearoslinux/files/Pear%20OS%208/pearos8-i386.iso/download
|
||||
|
||||
--2013-11-20 11:56:32-- http://sourceforge.net/projects/pearoslinux/files/Pear%20OS%208/pearos8-i386.iso/download
|
||||
Resolving sourceforge.net (sourceforge.net)... 216.34.181.60
|
||||
Connecting to sourceforge.net (sourceforge.net)|216.34.181.60|:80... connected.
|
||||
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 302 Found
|
||||
Location: http://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/pearoslinux/Pear%20OS%208/pearos8-i386.iso?r=&ts=1384928843&use_mirror=kaz [following]
|
||||
--2013-11-20 11:56:33-- http://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/pearoslinux/Pear%20OS%208/pearos8-i386.iso?r=&ts=1384928843&use_mirror=kaz
|
||||
Resolving downloads.sourceforge.net (downloads.sourceforge.net)... 216.34.181.59
|
||||
Connecting to downloads.sourceforge.net (downloads.sourceforge.net)|216.34.181.59|:80... connected.
|
||||
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 302 Found
|
||||
Location: http://kaz.dl.sourceforge.net/project/pearoslinux/Pear%20OS%208/pearos8-i386.iso [following]
|
||||
--2013-11-20 11:56:33-- http://kaz.dl.sourceforge.net/project/pearoslinux/Pear%20OS%208/pearos8-i386.iso
|
||||
Resolving kaz.dl.sourceforge.net (kaz.dl.sourceforge.net)... 88.204.157.163
|
||||
Connecting to kaz.dl.sourceforge.net (kaz.dl.sourceforge.net)|88.204.157.163|:80... connected.
|
||||
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
|
||||
Length: 1093664768 (1.0G) [application/octet-stream]
|
||||
Saving to: ‘download’
|
||||
|
||||
0% [ ] 30,78,278 381KB/s eta 1h 50m
|
||||
|
||||
如你所见的输出,下载速度大约是**381 KB/s**。我想限制下载速度到**13 K/s**,这样我就可以用我的带宽做其他的事情了。下面的命令用来限制wget速度到**13 K/s**。
|
||||
|
||||
root@oltjano-X55CR:~# trickle -d 13 wget http://sourceforge.net/projects/pearoslinux/files/Pear%20OS%208/pearos8-i386.iso/download
|
||||
|
||||
ravisaive@ravisaive-OptiPlex-380:~$ trickle -d 13 wget http://sourceforge.net/projects/pearoslinux/files/Pear%20OS%208/pearos8-i386.iso/download
|
||||
|
||||
--2013-11-20 12:01:19-- http://sourceforge.net/projects/pearoslinux/files/Pear%20OS%208/pearos8-i386.iso/download
|
||||
Resolving sourceforge.net (sourceforge.net)... 216.34.181.60
|
||||
Connecting to sourceforge.net (sourceforge.net)|216.34.181.60|:80... connected.
|
||||
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 302 Found
|
||||
Location: http://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/pearoslinux/Pear%20OS%208/pearos8-i386.iso?r=&ts=1384929129&use_mirror=kaz [following]
|
||||
--2013-11-20 12:01:19-- http://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/pearoslinux/Pear%20OS%208/pearos8-i386.iso?r=&ts=1384929129&use_mirror=kaz
|
||||
Resolving downloads.sourceforge.net (downloads.sourceforge.net)... 216.34.181.59
|
||||
Connecting to downloads.sourceforge.net (downloads.sourceforge.net)|216.34.181.59|:80... connected.
|
||||
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 302 Found
|
||||
Location: http://kaz.dl.sourceforge.net/project/pearoslinux/Pear%20OS%208/pearos8-i386.iso [following]
|
||||
--2013-11-20 12:01:20-- http://kaz.dl.sourceforge.net/project/pearoslinux/Pear%20OS%208/pearos8-i386.iso
|
||||
Resolving kaz.dl.sourceforge.net (kaz.dl.sourceforge.net)... 88.204.157.163
|
||||
Connecting to kaz.dl.sourceforge.net (kaz.dl.sourceforge.net)|88.204.157.163|:80... connected.
|
||||
HTTP request sent, awaiting response... 200 OK
|
||||
Length: 1093664768 (1.0G) [application/octet-stream]
|
||||
Saving to: ‘download.1’
|
||||
|
||||
0% [ ] 2,01,550 13.1KB/s eta 21h 5m
|
||||
|
||||
如你所见的输出,下载速度被限制到了**13K/s**。下载将会持续**21小时5分钟**。上面的“**-d**”意味着下载,你可以像下面的命令那样结合使用 “**-d**”选项和上传选项(**-u**)。
|
||||
|
||||
# trickle -u 100 -d 50 ftp
|
||||
|
||||
上面的命令来限制**ftp 客户端**的上传速度为**100K/s**,下载速度为**50K/s**。你还可以在一个bash里面限制所有的命令的带宽。
|
||||
|
||||
trickle -d 130 -u 13 bash
|
||||
|
||||
每个命令行工具对用户提供了帮助,使用trickle命令使用"-h"选项来找出更多trickle工具的用法。
|
||||
|
||||
root@oltjano-X55CR:/usr/bin# trickle -h
|
||||
|
||||
Usage: trickle [-hvVs] [-d <rate>] [-u <rate>] [-w <length>] [-t <seconds>]
|
||||
[-l <length>] [-n <path>] command ...
|
||||
-h Help (this)
|
||||
-v Increase verbosity level
|
||||
-V Print trickle version
|
||||
-s Run trickle in standalone mode independent of trickled
|
||||
-d <rate> Set maximum cumulative download rate to <rate> KB/s
|
||||
-u <rate> Set maximum cumulative upload rate to <rate> KB/s
|
||||
-w <length> Set window length to <length> KB
|
||||
-t <seconds> Set default smoothing time to <seconds> s
|
||||
-l <length> Set default smoothing length to <length> KB
|
||||
-n <path> Use trickled socket name <path>
|
||||
-L <ms> Set latency to <ms> milliseconds
|
||||
-P <path> Preload the specified .so instead of the default one
|
||||
|
||||
### 总结 ###
|
||||
|
||||
本篇文章教你如何安装trickle工具在你的Linux机器上,并用它如何做一些简单的事情。无论你为大公司还是为你自己,trickle都是高级Linux用户的必备工具。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.tecmint.com/manage-and-limit-downloadupload-bandwidth-with-trickle-in-linux/
|
||||
|
||||
译者:[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi) 校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://www.tecmint.com/10-wget-command-examples-in-linux/
|
@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
|
||||
一个有关Adobe密码泄漏的字迷游戏
|
||||
====
|
||||
一个有关**Adobe**公司密码泄漏的字迷游戏现在可以在[http://zed0.co.uk/crossword/][1]上玩咯。这个游戏的作者,创建这个游戏是为了告诉公众容易记忆的密码是非常不安全的,你不应该信任那些公司们会按照最佳实践来存储你的密码,例如Adobe。
|
||||
|
||||
这个字迷游戏使用从Adobe公司泄漏出来的最常见的1000个密码以便于提醒你什么样的密码是不够强壮的,容易被破解。假如你使用的密码就是字迷游戏中的这种密码,而且你还把它作为你的全球通用密码,那么你应该立即更换掉它。这样的密码非常糟糕!赶紧去更换掉它,趁现在还不太晚。
|
||||
|
||||
制作了如此有用且好玩的游戏的作者,向人们介绍说,他的灵感来源与[xkcd #1286: Encryptic][2],他还说到吧这些泄漏的密码放出来并不会造成太大的安全隐患,因为很多人很早以前就能猜中这样的密码。
|
||||
|
||||
你还不知道Adobe公司的云安全事件吗?
|
||||
|
||||
不久前,Adobe公司成了网络攻击者的目标。Adobe公司的安全团队发现了一起针对Adobe公司内部网络的老练的攻击,获取了Adobe公司用户的信息以及盗取了数个Adobe公司产品的源代码。根据Adobe公司官方博客上的安全告示,攻击者盗取了Adobe用户的账户ID以及登录密码。但是Adobe公司的安全团队并不认为与账户关联的信用卡信息或者资金账户信息会一并被盗取。
|
||||
|
||||
你可以点击[这儿][3]阅读更多有关的安全告示。
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.unixmen.com/play-crossword-game-adobes-leaked-passwords/
|
||||
|
||||
译者:[Linux-pdz](https://github.com/Linux-pdz) 校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://zed0.co.uk/crossword/
|
||||
[2]:http://www.xkcd.com/1286/
|
||||
[3]:http://www.unixmen.com/illegal-access-adobe-source-code/
|
@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
|
||||
SBackup: 在 linux 下的一个简单的备份软件
|
||||
SBackup: 一个Linux下的简单备份软件
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
**SBackup** 是一个开源易用的简单备份软件。它可以备份任意文件或者文件夹的一部分。所有的配置文件可以通过 Gnome 界面进行访问。文件和路径可以直接通过正则表达式进行添加和排除。它支持本地备份和远程备份。虽然它看起来简单,但是它有着许多常见的高级备份功能。
|
||||
**SBackup** 是一个简单易用的开源备份软件。它可以备份任意文件或者文件夹的一部分。所有的配置文件可以通过 Gnome 界面进行访问。文件和路径可以直接通过正则表达式进行添加和排除。它支持本地备份和远程备份。虽然它看起来简单,但是它有着许多常见的高级备份功能。
|
||||
|
||||
### 特点 ###
|
||||
|
||||
@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ SBackup 可在 Ubuntu、Linux Mint 和 Debian 的默认仓库中获得,所以
|
||||
|
||||
### Schedule ###
|
||||
|
||||
在这部分,你可以计划具体的备份时间。点击 **Simple** 选项,可以按小时、每日、星期、月来设置你的计划备份时间。
|
||||
在这个选项中,你可以设定具体的备份时间。点击 **Simple** 选项,可以按每小时、每日、每周、每月来设置你的计划备份时间。
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/Simple-Backup-Suite_010.jpg)
|
||||
|
||||
@ -116,17 +116,17 @@ SBackup 可在 Ubuntu、Linux Mint 和 Debian 的默认仓库中获得,所以
|
||||
|
||||
### Purging ###
|
||||
|
||||
在这部分内,可以删除超过一定时间的备份文件。在默认配置下,超过30天的备份文件将被删除。
|
||||
在这个选项里,可以删除超过一定时间的备份文件。在默认配置下,超过30天的备份文件将被删除。
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/Simple-Backup-Suite_0111.jpg)
|
||||
|
||||
### Report ###
|
||||
|
||||
Report 是最后一个选项卡,在这里你可以设置接收备份完成通知的邮箱。输入你的邮箱ID、SMTP服务地址、邮箱用户名、密码后,点击 Test mail settings。需要留意的是,在保存设置前要先测试邮件功能。
|
||||
Report 是最后一个选项卡,在这里你可以设置接收备份完成通知的邮箱。输入你的邮箱ID、SMTP服务地址、邮箱用户名、密码后,点击 Test mail settings。需要留意的是,在测试邮箱设置前,点击工具栏中的Save Configuration按钮保存你的配置。
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/Simple-Backup-Suite_0121.jpg)
|
||||
|
||||
你将在完成测试邮箱后看到 “Test Successful” 字样。
|
||||
你将在完成测试邮箱设置后看到 “Test Successful” 字样。
|
||||
|
||||
### 开始备份 ###
|
||||
|
||||
@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ Report 是最后一个选项卡,在这里你可以设置接收备份完成通
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/sbackup-config-gtk_024.jpg)
|
||||
|
||||
现在备份的进程已经在后台开始运行,你可以通过在通知栏上的状态显示来监视备份的进程。(这句话不太确定)
|
||||
现在备份的进程已经在后台开始运行,你可以通过在通知栏上的状态显示来监视备份的进程。
|
||||
|
||||
完成备份之后,关闭 SBackup ,并且确认备份文件保存在指定的目录。例子中我保存的目录是/home/sk/My Backup。
|
||||
|
||||
@ -165,7 +165,7 @@ Report 是最后一个选项卡,在这里你可以设置接收备份完成通
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.unixmen.com/linux-desktop-backup-made-easy-sbackup/
|
||||
|
||||
译者:[NearTan](https://github.com/NearTan) 校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
译者:[NearTan](https://github.com/NearTan) 校对:[Caroline](https://github.com/carolinewuyan)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
|
@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
|
||||
Ubuntu vs openSUSE:不同的公司控制风格
|
||||
====
|
||||
*Ubuntu和OpenSUSE以不同的方式对待他们的Linux发行版。你更喜欢哪种方式呢/*
|
||||
|
||||
相当一部分linux开发者社区接受那些有意改善Linux的公司的资助,这早已不是秘密(这里我指的组成一个完整Linux系统的任何部分)。但是许多公司进行资助的方式却有很大不同。
|
||||
|
||||
让我们看看两个很显眼的例子:Ubuntu和openSUSE。
|
||||
|
||||
这两者都是Linux发行版。两者都是一个大的且长期持续成功的项目且有一个包含志愿者和付费工作者的社区。然而两者之间的不同还是相当明显而且非常重要。
|
||||
Mark Shuttleworth
|
||||
对于Ubuntu,它发展的主要方向是由其Canonical的团队和它的首脑Mark Shuttleworth决定的。当谈到Canonical确实控制Ubuntu的时候,我们呢很快就会想起两个例子,例如Unity(Ubuntu采用的用户界面)和Mir(Ubuntu的显示服务)。在许多案例中,母公司都会在没有协商的情况下设定目标、项目和优先级。例如,Ubuntu的Unity用户界面最为Canonical公司广泛战略目标来说是必须的。一些社区成员喜欢Unity用户界面,另一些讨厌这样的用户界面。但是,不管怎么说,不管你喜欢还是讨厌它,Unity都已经成为Ubuntu的默认用户界面了。
|
||||
|
||||
但是这是一件坏事吗?我不确信它到底是好还是坏。这只是这个项目如何与公司相处的问题。
|
||||
|
||||
于此形成对比的是OpenSUSE,它也有一个公司掌控者,好吧,是SUSE。关键的不同点是SUSE以“SUSE Linux企业版”的形式提供一个商业发行版。尽管OpenSUSE(社区Linux发行版)与SUSE Linux发行版(商业发行版)在技术上有许多重叠之处。。。然而在专业上,两者是不同的。
|
||||
|
||||
这意味着SUSE对待openSUSE时可以更多的采取放手不管的方式,他们的兴趣就是寻找那些被改善的关键性技术(例如,Btrfs文件系统),检测以及打包社区发行版中那些他们想包含在商业发行版中的软件包,但是社区发行版与商业发行版分离的方式与Canonical采取方式相比,给他们提供了更大的灵活性。
|
||||
|
||||
这种方法和红帽对待Fedora的方式非常相似,已经成为了一个公司使用社区Linux发行版为基础销售企业水平的Linux系统的一种成功路径。
|
||||
|
||||
不过,诚实的说两种模式我都看到了有点和缺点。在组织上以及管理上(公众部分)他们都面临着各自的难题。实际上,这两种方法与它们的不同点比起来,相同点更多一些。
|
||||
|
||||
我非常愿意听到你们对此的看法。你是更喜欢你的以社区为基础的Linux发行版有一个单一的领袖还是更喜欢你Linux发行版的大多数决定都是有社区驱动的呢?公司是否应该强势控制Linux发行版,还是应该大胆放手让社区来决定呢?请在评论里留言,让我们知道你的看法。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.networkworld.com/community/node/84250
|
||||
|
||||
译者:[Linux-pdz](https://github.com/Linux-pdz) 校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
@ -0,0 +1,108 @@
|
||||
VidMasta:一个搜索电影和电视剧的桌面应用
|
||||
===
|
||||
你是否曾经想要从桌面搜索电影或电视剧,或者搜寻能够随时为你搜索这些东西的应用程序?这儿有一个应用可以满足你的需要。
|
||||
|
||||
[**VidMasta**][1]是一个免费,
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
VidMasta: A Desktop Application For Searching Movies And TV Shows
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
Ever wanted to search for a Movie or a TV shows from your desktop or searching for a application to do it for you whenever you want? Here is a application to fulfil your needs.
|
||||
|
||||
[**VidMasta**][1] is free, cross-platform, federated search desktop application to read about, preview, watch, and download any movie or television titles that are being shared online. It will run on Linux, Windows and Mac OS X.
|
||||
|
||||
###特点
|
||||
|
||||
使用VidMasta,你可以做到一下这些:
|
||||
- 观看或下载任何格式的电影或电视剧
|
||||
- 支持的格式是:TV,DVD,720P,1080P。
|
||||
- 匿名链接并自动过滤不受信任的IP,可以使用代理,还可以使用加密连接。
|
||||
- 搜索算法可以为电影下载链接自动匹配最佳下载源
|
||||
- “流行电影”和“流行电视剧”选项可以显示并让你下载当前最流行的电影/电视剧
|
||||
- 下载电影字幕
|
||||
- 可设置每次搜素结果的个数
|
||||
- 设置下载的视频文件的扩展名
|
||||
- 自动按照受欢迎度为搜索结果排序
|
||||
- 可以听也可以阅读影视概要
|
||||
- 观看预告片
|
||||
- 查看上映时间和电影评价
|
||||
- 多线程搜索和下载
|
||||
- 能够侦测电影盒子设置
|
||||
- 可以和[PeerBlock][2]集成(这项功能只能在Windows2000,xp,Vista和Windows 7上使用)
|
||||
- 除了[Java][3](版本为6或以上)外,不再需要额外的软件
|
||||
- 客户端可以自动更新
|
||||
|
||||
###在Linux上安装VidMasta
|
||||
|
||||
在安装VidMasta之前,你应该在你的Linux桌面系统中安装最新版的Java。
|
||||
从[这儿][4]下载最新版。进入你下载的文件夹,使用下面的命令安装它:
|
||||
|
||||
sudo java -jar vidmasta-setup-16.7.jar
|
||||
|
||||
运行后,就会出现像下面这样的画面。点击下一步继续。
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/Installation-of-VidMasta_001.jpg)
|
||||
|
||||
选择安装路径,点击下一步。
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/Installation-of-VidMasta_002.jpg)
|
||||
|
||||
安装完成后,点击下一步。
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/Installation-of-VidMasta_004.jpg)
|
||||
|
||||
设置快捷键。
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/Installation-of-VidMasta_007.jpg)
|
||||
|
||||
最后,点击Done结束安装。
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/Installation-of-VidMasta_008.jpg)
|
||||
|
||||
完成安装后,VidMasta会自动打开。下面是VidMasta的默认界面。
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/VidMasta_009.jpg)
|
||||
|
||||
###搜素电影&电视剧
|
||||
|
||||
搜索电影电视剧非常容易。在标题框里键入电影的名字,选择电影种类和电影格式,例如“任何”,“DVD”,“720HD”,“1080HD”等。然后敲击Enter键开始搜素。你还可以通过评价来过滤搜素结果。假如你不知道电影的名字,你可以在菜单栏里勾选“任何”。
|
||||
|
||||
例如我要搜索冒险类的清晰度为720HD并在在2012年的11月第一周的今天上映的电影。一旦你敲击搜索按钮,VidMasta就会从[www.imdb.com][5]网站抓取搜索结果,并显示你每次搜索的关键词。下面是输出的样例。
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/VidMasta_012.jpg)
|
||||
|
||||
你还可以在下载之前观看预告片或者阅读电影概要。要看电影的概要?选择一个电影,右击它,点击阅读概要就可以咯。你也可以使用搜索结果下的按钮去阅读电影概要,观看预告片,下载或者观看整个电影
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/VidMasta_013.jpg)
|
||||
|
||||
更重要的是你可以在下载一部电影之前先观看它的预告片。点击观看预告片按钮,预告片就会在一个新窗口中打开,像下面这样。
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/%E2%96%B6-Django-Unchained-Official-Trailer-HD-YouTube-Mozilla-Firefox_014.jpg)
|
||||
|
||||
如果你喜欢这部电影,可以点击下载链接(下载链接1或者下载链接2)下载这部电影。
|
||||
|
||||
###流行电影&流行电视剧
|
||||
|
||||
假如你不知道那些电影值得去看时。那么不用担心,VidMata有一个选项去显示当前流行的电影或电视剧。点击下面的流行电影或电视剧按钮去发现当前流行流行的电影或电视剧。
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/11/VidMasta_015.jpg)
|
||||
|
||||
是不是很酷?
|
||||
|
||||
需要注意的是,若你不能下载最新的电影或电视剧时,也许是因为版权问题或者地理原因。你也可以尝试一下安装最新版的Java并禁用掉屏蔽广告程序,再去播放或下载电影。
|
||||
|
||||
你是否对此很期待呢?赶紧把它下载下来安装到你的系统中,祝你使用愉快!
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.unixmen.com/vidmasta-desktop-application-searching-movies-tv-shows/
|
||||
|
||||
译者:[Linux-pdz](https://github.com/Linux-pdz`) 校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:https://sites.google.com/site/algwares/vidmasta
|
||||
[2]:http://www.peerblock.com/
|
||||
[3]:http://www.java.com/
|
||||
[4]:http://sourceforge.net/projects/vidmasta/
|
||||
[5]:http://www.unixmen.com/vidmasta-desktop-application-searching-movies-tv-shows/www.imdb.com
|
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user