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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
[#]: translator: (warmfrog)
[#]: reviewer: ( )
[#]: publisher: ( )
[#]: url: ( )
[#]: subject: (What is 5G? How is it better than 4G?)
[#]: via: (https://www.networkworld.com/article/3203489/what-is-5g-how-is-it-better-than-4g.html#tk.rss_all)
[#]: author: (Josh Fruhlinger https://www.networkworld.com/author/Josh-Fruhlinger/)
What is 5G? How is it better than 4G?
======
### 5G networks will boost wireless throughput by a factor of 10 and may replace wired broadband. But when will they be available, and why are 5G and IoT so linked together?
![Thinkstock][1]
[5G wireless][2] is an umbrella term to describe a set of standards and technologies for a radically faster wireless internet that ideally is up to 20 times faster with 120 times less latency than 4G, setting the stage for IoT networking advances and support for new high-bandwidth applications.
## What is 5G? Technology or buzzword?
It will be years before the technology reaches its full potential worldwide, but meanwhile some 5G network services are being rolled out today. 5G is as much a marketing buzzword as a technical term, and not all services marketed as 5G are standard.
**[From Mobile World Congress:[The time of 5G is almost here][3].]**
## 5G speed vs 4G
With every new generation of wireless technology, the biggest appeal is increased speed. 5G networks have potential peak download speeds of [20 Gbps, with 10 Gbps being seen as typical][4]. That's not just faster than current 4G networks, which currently top out at around 1 Gbps, but also faster than cable internet connections that deliver broadband to many people's homes. 5G offers network speeds that rival optical-fiber connections.
Throughput alone isn't 5G's only important speed improvement; it also features a huge reduction in network latency*.* That's an important distinction: throughput measures how long it would take to download a large file, while latency is determined by network bottlenecks and delays that slow down responses in back-and-forth communication.
Latency can be difficult to quantify because it varies based on myriad network conditions, but 5G networks are capable of latency rates that are less than a millisecond in ideal conditions. Overall, 5G latency will be lower than 4G's by a factor of 60 to 120. That will make possible a number of applications such as virtual reality that delay makes impractical today.
## 5G technology
The technology underpinnings of 5G are defined by a series of standards that have been in the works for the better part of a decade. One of the most important of these is 5G New Radio, or 5G NR*,* formalized by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project, a standards organization that develops protocols for mobile telephony. 5G NR will dictate many of the ways in which consumer 5G devices will operate, and was [finalized in June of 2018][5].
**[[Take this mobile device management course from PluralSight and learn how to secure devices in your company without degrading the user experience.][6] ]**
A number of individual technologies have come together to make the speed and latency improvements of 5G possible, and below are some of the most important.
## Millimeter waves
5G networks will for the most part use frequencies in the 30 to 300 GHz range. (Wavelengths at these frequencies are between 1 and 10 millimeters, thus the name.) This high-frequency band can [carry much more information per unit of time than the lower-frequency signals][7] currently used by 4G LTE, which is generally below 1 GHz, or Wi-Fi, which tops out at 6 GHz.
Millimeter-wave technology has traditionally been expensive and difficult to deploy. Technical advances have overcome those difficulties, which is part of what's made 5G possible today.
## Small cells
One drawback of millimeter wave transmission is that it's more prone to interference than Wi-Fi or 4G signals as they pass through physical objects.
To overcome this, the model for 5G infrastructure will be different from 4G's. Instead of the large cellular-antenna masts we've come to accept as part of the landscape, 5G networks will be powered by [much smaller base stations spread throughout cities about 250 meters apart][8], creating cells of service that are also smaller.
These 5G base stations have lower power requirements than those for 4G and can be attached to buildings and utility poles more easily.
## Massive MIMO
Despite 5G base stations being much smaller than their 4G counterparts, they pack in many more antennas. These antennas are [multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO)][9], meaning that they can handle multiple two-way conversations over the same data signal simultaneously. 5G networks can handle more than [20 times more conversations in this way than 4G networks][10].
Massive MIMO promises to [radically improve on base station capacity limits][11], allowing individual base stations to have conversations with many more devices. This in particular is why 5G may drive wider adoption of IoT. In theory, a lot more internet-connected wireless gadgets will be able to be deployed in the same space without overwhelming the network.
## Beamforming
Making sure all these conversations go back and forth to the right places is tricky, especially with the aforementioned problems millimeter-wave signals have with interference. To overcome those issues, 5G stations deploy advanced beamforming techniques, which use constructive and destructive radio interference to make signals directional rather than broadcast. That effectively boosts signal strength and range in a particular direction.
## 5G availability
The first commercial 5G network was [rolled out in Qatar in May 2018][12]. Since then, networks have been popping up across the world, from Argentina to Vietnam. [Lifewire has a good, frequently updated list][13].
One thing to keep in mind, though, is that not all 5G networks deliver on all the technology's promises yet. Some early 5G offerings piggyback on existing 4G infrastructure, which reduces the potential speed gains; other services dubbed 5G for marketing purposes don't even comply with the standard. A closer look at offerings from U.S. wireless carriers will demonstrate some of the pitfalls.
## Wireless carriers and 5G
Technically, 5G is available in the U.S. today. But the caveats involved in that statement vary from carrier to carrier, demonstrating the long road that still lies ahead before 5G becomes omnipresent.
Verizon is making probably the biggest early 5G push. It announced [5G Home][14] in parts of four cities in October of 2018, a service that requires using a special 5G hotspot to connect to the network and feed it to your other devices via Wi-Fi.
Verizon planned an April rollout of a [mobile service in Minneapolis and Chicago][15], which will spread to other cities over the course of the year. Accessing the 5G network will cost customers an extra monthly fee plus what they’ll have to spend on a phone that can actually connect to it (more on that in a moment). As an added wrinkle, Verizon is deploying what it calls [5G TF][16], which doesn't match up with the 5G NR standard.
AT&T [announced the availability of 5G in 12 U.S. cities in December 2018][17], with nine more coming by the end of 2019, but even in those cities, availability is limited to the downtown areas. To use the network requires a special Netgear hotspot that connects to the service, then provides a Wi-Fi signal to phones and other devices.
Meanwhile, AT&T is also rolling out speed boosts to its 4G network, which it's dubbed 5GE even though these improvements aren't related to 5G networking. ([This is causing backlash][18].)
Sprint will have 5G service in parts of four cities by May of 2019, and five more by the end of the year. But while Sprint's 5G offering makes use of massive MIMO cells, they [aren't using millimeter-wave signals][19], meaning that Sprint users won't see as much of a speed boost as customers of other carriers.
T-Mobile is pursuing a similar model,and it [won't roll out its service until the end of 2019][20] because there won't be any phones to connect to it.
One kink that might stop a rapid spread of 5G is the need to spread out all those small-cell base stations. Their small size and low power requirements make them easier to deploy than current 4G tech in a technical sense, but that doesn't mean it's simple to convince governments and property owners to install dozens of them everywhere. Verizon actually set up a [website that you can use to petition your local elected officials][21] to speed up 5G base station deployment.
## **5G phones: When available? When to buy?**
The first major 5G phone to be announced is the Samsung Galaxy S10 5G, which should be available by the end of the summer of 2019. You can also order a "[Moto Mod][22]" from Verizon, which [transforms Moto Z3 phones into 5G-compatible device][23]s.
But unless you can't resist the lure of being an early adopter, you may wish to hold off for a bit; some of the quirks and looming questions about carrier rollout may mean that you end up with a phone that [isn't compatible with your carrier's entire 5G network][24].
One laggard that may surprise you is Apple: analysts believe that there won't be a [5G-compatible iPhone until 2020 at the earliest][25]. But this isn't out of character for the company; Apple [also lagged behind Samsung in releasing 4G-compatible phones][26] in back in 2012.
Still, the 5G flood is coming. 5G-compatible devices [dominated Barcelona's Mobile World Congress in 2019][3], so expect to have a lot more choice on the horizon.
## Why are people talking about 6G already?
Some experts say [5G won’t be able to meet the latency and reliability targets][27] it is shooting for. These skeptics are already looking ahead to 6G, which they say will try to address these projected shortcomings.
There is [a group that is researching new technologies that can be rolled into 6G][28] that calls itself
The Center for Converged TeraHertz Communications and Sensing (ComSenTer). Part of the spec they’re working on calls for 100Gbps speed for every device.
In addition to adding reliability, overcoming reliability and boosting speed, 6G is also trying to enable thousands of simultaneous connections. If successful, this feature could help to network IoT devices, which can be deployed in the thousands as sensors in a variety of industrial settings.
Even in its embryonic form, 6G may already be facing security concerns due to the emergence of newly discovered [potential for man-in-the-middle attacks in tera-hertz based networks][29]. The good news is that there’s plenty of time to find solutions to the problem. 6G networks aren’t expected to start rolling out until 2030.
**More about 5g networks:**
* [How enterprises can prep for 5G networks][30]
* [5G vs 4G: How speed, latency and apps support differ][31]
* [Private 5G networks are coming][32]
* [5G and 6G wireless have security issues][33]
* [How millimeter-wave wireless could help support 5G and IoT][34]
Join the Network World communities on [Facebook][35] and [LinkedIn][36] to comment on topics that are top of mind.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
via: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3203489/what-is-5g-how-is-it-better-than-4g.html#tk.rss_all
作者：[Josh Fruhlinger][a]
选题：[lujun9972][b]
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]: https://www.networkworld.com/author/Josh-Fruhlinger/
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
[1]: https://images.techhive.com/images/article/2017/04/5g-100718139-large.jpg
[2]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3203489/what-is-5g-wireless-networking-benefits-standards-availability-versus-lte.html
[3]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3354477/mobile-world-congress-the-time-of-5g-is-almost-here.html
[4]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3330603/5g-versus-4g-how-speed-latency-and-application-support-differ.html
[5]: https://www.theverge.com/2018/6/15/17467734/5g-nr-standard-3gpp-standalone-finished
[6]: https://pluralsight.pxf.io/c/321564/424552/7490?u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pluralsight.com%2Fcourses%2Fmobile-device-management-big-picture
[7]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3291323/millimeter-wave-wireless-could-help-support-5g-and-iot.html
[8]: https://spectrum.ieee.org/video/telecom/wireless/5g-bytes-small-cells-explained
[9]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3250268/what-is-mu-mimo-and-why-you-need-it-in-your-wireless-routers.html
[10]: https://spectrum.ieee.org/tech-talk/telecom/wireless/5g-researchers-achieve-new-spectrum-efficiency-record
[11]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3262991/future-wireless-networks-will-have-no-capacity-limits.html
[12]: https://venturebeat.com/2018/05/14/worlds-first-commercial-5g-network-launches-in-qatar/
[13]: https://www.lifewire.com/5g-availability-world-4156244
[14]: https://www.digitaltrends.com/computing/verizon-5g-home-promises-up-to-gigabit-internet-speeds-for-50/
[15]: https://lifehacker.com/heres-your-cheat-sheet-for-verizons-new-5g-data-plans-1833278817
[16]: https://www.theverge.com/2018/10/2/17927712/verizon-5g-home-internet-real-speed-meaning
[17]: https://www.cnn.com/2018/12/18/tech/5g-mobile-att/index.html
[18]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3339720/like-4g-before-it-5g-is-being-hyped.html?nsdr=true
[19]: https://www.digitaltrends.com/mobile/sprint-5g-rollout/
[20]: https://www.cnet.com/news/t-mobile-delays-full-600-mhz-5g-launch-until-second-half/
[21]: https://lets5g.com/
[22]: https://www.verizonwireless.com/support/5g-moto-mod-faqs/?AID=11365093&SID=100098X1555750Xbc2e857934b22ebca1a0570d5ba93b7c&vendorid=CJM&PUBID=7105813&cjevent=2e2150cb478c11e98183013b0a1c0e0c
[23]: https://www.digitaltrends.com/cell-phone-reviews/moto-z3-review/
[24]: https://www.businessinsider.com/samsung-galaxy-s10-5g-which-us-cities-have-5g-networks-2019-2
[25]: https://www.cnet.com/news/why-apples-in-no-rush-to-sell-you-a-5g-iphone/
[26]: https://mashable.com/2012/09/09/iphone-5-4g-lte/#hYyQUelYo8qq
[27]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3305359/6g-will-achieve-terabits-per-second-speeds.html
[28]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3285112/get-ready-for-upcoming-6g-wireless-too.html
[29]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3315626/5g-and-6g-wireless-technologies-have-security-issues.html
[30]: https://%20https//www.networkworld.com/article/3306720/mobile-wireless/how-enterprises-can-prep-for-5g.html
[31]: https://%20https//www.networkworld.com/article/3330603/mobile-wireless/5g-versus-4g-how-speed-latency-and-application-support-differ.html
[32]: https://%20https//www.networkworld.com/article/3319176/mobile-wireless/private-5g-networks-are-coming.html
[33]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3315626/network-security/5g-and-6g-wireless-technologies-have-security-issues.html
[34]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3291323/mobile-wireless/millimeter-wave-wireless-could-help-support-5g-and-iot.html
[35]: https://www.facebook.com/NetworkWorld/
[36]: https://www.linkedin.com/company/network-world

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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
[#]: translator: (warmfrog)
[#]: reviewer: ( )
[#]: publisher: ( )
[#]: url: ( )
[#]: subject: (What is 5G? How is it better than 4G?)
[#]: via: (https://www.networkworld.com/article/3203489/what-is-5g-how-is-it-better-than-4g.html#tk.rss_all)
[#]: author: (Josh Fruhlinger https://www.networkworld.com/author/Josh-Fruhlinger/)
什么是 5G？它如何比 4G 更快？
==========================
### 5G 网络将使无限网络吞吐量提高 10 倍并且能够替代有线宽带。但是它们什么时候能够投入使用呢，为什么 5G 和物联网如此紧密地联系在一起呢？
![Thinkstock][1]
[5G 无线][2] 是一个概括的术语，用来描述一系列更快的无线网络的标准和技术，理想上比 4G 快了 20 倍并且延迟降低了 120 倍，为物联网的发展和对新高带宽应用的支持奠定了基础。
## 什么是 5G？科技还是流行词？
技术在世界范围内完全发挥它的潜能需要数年时间，但同时当今一些 5G 网络服务已经投入使用。5G 不仅是一个技术术语，也是一个营销术语，并不是市场上的所有 5G 服务是标准的。
**[来自世界移动大会：[The time of 5G is almost here][3].]**
## 5G 速度 vs 4G
无线技术的每一代，最大的呼吁是增加速度。5G 网络潜在的的峰值下载速度达到[20 Gbps，一般在 10 Gbps][4]。这不仅仅是比当前 4G 网络更快，4G 目前峰值大约 1 Gbps，并且比更多家庭的有线网络连接更快。5G 提供的网络速度能够与光纤一较高下。
吞吐量不是 5G 仅有的速度提升；它还有的特点是极大降低了网络延迟*。* 这是一个重要的区分：吞吐量用来测量花费多久来下载一个大文件，而延迟由网络瓶颈决定，延迟在来回的沟通中减慢了响应速度。
延迟很难量化，因为它在无数的网络状态中变化，但是 5G 网络在理想情况下有能力使延迟率在 1 ms 内。总的来说，5G 延迟将比 4G 降低 60 到 120 倍。这会使很多应用变得可能，例如当前虚拟现实的延迟使它变得不实际。
## 5G 技术
5G 技术的基础有一系列标准定义，在过去的 10 年里一直在研究更好的部分。这些里面最重要的是 5G New Radio，或者 5G NR*，* 由 3GPP（一个为移动电话开发协议的标准化组织） 组织标准化。5G NR 规定了很多 5G 设备操作的方式，于 2018 年 7 月 完成终版。
**[[从 PluralSight 上移动设备管理的课程并且学习如何在你的公司在不降低用户体验的情况下保护设备][6]]**
很多独特的技术同时出现来尽可能地提升 5G 的速度并降低延迟，下面是一些重要的。
## 毫米波
5G 网络大部分使用在 30 到 300 GHz 范围的频率。（正如名称一样，这些频率的波长在 1 到 10 毫米之间）这些高频范围能够[在每个时间单元比低频信号携带更多的信息][7]，4G 当前使用的就是通常频率在 1 GHz 以下的低频信号，或者 WiFi，最高 6 GHz。
毫米波技术传统上是昂贵并且难于部署的。科技进步已经克服了这些困难，这也是 5G 在如今成为了可能。
## 小的单元
毫米波传输的一个缺点是当他们传输通过物理对象的时候更容易被干扰。
为了克服这些，5G 基础设施的模型将不同于 4G。替代了大的移动天线桅杆，我们开始接受作为景观的一部分，5G 网络将由[穿越城市大概间距 250 米的更小的基站]提供支持，创建更小的服务区域。
## 大量的 MIMO
尽管 5G 基站比 4G 的对应部分小多了，但他们却打包了更多的天线。这些天线是[多输入多输出的（MIMO）][9]，意味着在相同的数据信道能够同时处理多个双向会话。5G 网络能够处理比 4G 网络超过 20 倍的会话。
大量的 MIMO 保证了[基站容量限制下的彻底的提升]，允许单个基站承载更多的设备会话。这就是 5G 可能推动物联网更广泛应用的原因。理论上，更多的网络连接的无限设备能够部署在相同的空间而不会使网络被压垮。
## 波束成形
确保所有的会话来回地到达正确的地方是比较棘手的，尤其是前面提到的毫米波信号的干涉问题。为了克服这些问题，5G 基站部署了更高级的波束技术，使用建设性和破坏性的无线电干扰来使信号有向而不是广播。这在一个特定的方向上有效地加强了信号强度和范围。
## 5G 可获得性
第一个 5G 商用网络 [2018 年 5 月在卡塔尔推出][12]。自那以后，网络已经扩展到全世界，从阿根廷到越南。[Lifewire 有一个不错的，经常更新的列表][13].
牢记一点的是，尽管这样，目前不是所有的 5G 网络都履行了所有的技术承诺。一些早期的 5G 产品依赖于现有的 4G 基础设施，减少了可以获得的潜在速度；其他服务为了市场目的标榜 5G 但是并不符合标准。仔细观察美国无限运营商的产品都会表现出一些陷阱。
## 无线运营商和 5G
技术上讲，5G 服务如今在美国已经可获得了。但声明中包含的注意事项因运营商而异，表明 5G 普及之前还有很长的路要走。
Verizon 可能是早期 5G 最大的推动者。它宣告到 2018 年 10 月 将有 4 个城市成为 [5G 家庭][14]的一部分， 一项需要你的其他设备通过 WiFi 来连接特定的 5G 热点，由热点连接到网络服务。
Verizon 计划四月在 Minneapolis 和 Chicago 首次展示 5G 移动服务，该服务将在这一年内传播到其他城市。访问 5G 网络将会花费消费者每月额外的费用加上购买能够实际访问 5G 的手机花费（稍后会详细介绍）。作为附加，Verizon 的部署被称作 [5G TF][16]，实际上不符合 5G NR 的标准。
AT&T [声明在 2018 年 12 月将有美国的 12 个城市可以使用 5G][17]，在 2019 年的末尾将增加 9 个城市，但最终在这些城市里，只有商业区能够访问。为了访问 5G 网络，需要一个特定的 Netgear 热点来连接到 5G 服务，然后为手机和其他设备提供一个 Wi-Fi 信号。
与此同时，AT&T 也在推出 4G 网络的速度提升计划，被成为 5GE，即使这些提升和 5G 网络没有关系。（[这会向后兼容][18]。）
Sprint 将在 2019 年 5 月之前在四个城市提供 5G 服务，在年末将有更多。但是 Sprint 的 5G 产品充分利用了 MIMO 单元，他们[没有使用毫米波信道][19]，意味着 Sprint 的用户不会看到像其他运营商一样的速度提升。
T-Mobile 追求一个相似的模型，它[在 2019 年年底之前不会推出 5G 服务][20]因为他们没有手机能够连接到它。
一个障碍可能阻止 5G 速度的迅速传播是需要铺开所有这些小的单元基站。他们小的尺寸和较低的功耗需求使它们技术上比 4G 技术更容易部署，但这不意味着它能够很简单的使政府和财产拥有者信服来到处安装一堆基站。Verizon 实际上建立了[向本地民选官员请愿的网站][21]来加速 5G 基站的部署。
## ** 5G 手机：何时可获得？何时可以买？**
第一部声称为 5G 手机的是 Samsung Galaxy S10 5G，将在 2019 年夏末首发。你可以从 Verizon 订阅一个“[Moto Mod][22]”，用来[转换 Moto Z3 手机为 5G 兼容设备][23]。
但是除非你不能忍受作为一个早期使用者的诱惑，你会希望再等待一下；一些奇怪和隐约的关于运营商的问题意味着可能你的手机[不兼容你的运营商的整个 5G 网络][24]。
一个可能令你吃惊的落后者是苹果：分析者坚信最早直到 2020 年以前 iPhone 不会与 5G 兼容。但这符合该公司的特点；苹果在 2012 年末也落后于三星发布兼容 4G 的手机。
不可否认，5G 洪流已经到来。5G 兼容的设备[在 2019 年统治了巴塞罗那世界移动大会][3]，因此期待视野里有更多的选择。
## 为什么人们已经在讨论 6G 了？
一些专家说缺点是[5G 不能够达到延迟和可靠性的目标][27]。这些完美主义者已经在探寻 6G，来试图解决这些缺点。
这是一个[研究新的能够融入 6G 技术的小组]，它们自称
The Center for Converged TeraHertz Communications and Sensing （ComSenTer）。根据说明，他们努力让每个设备的带宽达到 100Gbps。
除了增加可靠性，还突破了可靠性并增加速度，6G 同样试图允许上千的并发连接。如果成功的话，这个特点将帮助物联网设备联网，使在工业设置中部署上千个传感器。
即使仍在胚胎当中，6G 已经由于新发现的 [tera-hretz 中基于网络的潜在的中间人攻击][29]的紧迫性面临安全的考虑。好消息是有大量时间来解决这个问题。6G 网络直到 2030 之前才可能出现。
**阅读更多关于 5G 网络：**
* [How enterprises can prep for 5G networks][30]
* [5G vs 4G: How speed, latency and apps support differ][31]
* [Private 5G networks are coming][32]
* [5G and 6G wireless have security issues][33]
* [How millimeter-wave wireless could help support 5G and IoT][34]
在 [Facebook][35] 和 [LinkedIn][36] 上加入网络世界社区来评论当前最热门的话题。
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via: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3203489/what-is-5g-how-is-it-better-than-4g.html#tk.rss_all
作者：[Josh Fruhlinger][a]
选题：[lujun9972][b]
译者：[warmfrog](https://github.com/warmfrog)
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
[a]: https://www.networkworld.com/author/Josh-Fruhlinger/
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
[1]: https://images.techhive.com/images/article/2017/04/5g-100718139-large.jpg
[2]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3203489/what-is-5g-wireless-networking-benefits-standards-availability-versus-lte.html
[3]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3354477/mobile-world-congress-the-time-of-5g-is-almost-here.html
[4]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3330603/5g-versus-4g-how-speed-latency-and-application-support-differ.html
[5]: https://www.theverge.com/2018/6/15/17467734/5g-nr-standard-3gpp-standalone-finished
[6]: https://pluralsight.pxf.io/c/321564/424552/7490?u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pluralsight.com%2Fcourses%2Fmobile-device-management-big-picture
[7]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3291323/millimeter-wave-wireless-could-help-support-5g-and-iot.html
[8]: https://spectrum.ieee.org/video/telecom/wireless/5g-bytes-small-cells-explained
[9]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3250268/what-is-mu-mimo-and-why-you-need-it-in-your-wireless-routers.html
[10]: https://spectrum.ieee.org/tech-talk/telecom/wireless/5g-researchers-achieve-new-spectrum-efficiency-record
[11]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3262991/future-wireless-networks-will-have-no-capacity-limits.html
[12]: https://venturebeat.com/2018/05/14/worlds-first-commercial-5g-network-launches-in-qatar/
[13]: https://www.lifewire.com/5g-availability-world-4156244
[14]: https://www.digitaltrends.com/computing/verizon-5g-home-promises-up-to-gigabit-internet-speeds-for-50/
[15]: https://lifehacker.com/heres-your-cheat-sheet-for-verizons-new-5g-data-plans-1833278817
[16]: https://www.theverge.com/2018/10/2/17927712/verizon-5g-home-internet-real-speed-meaning
[17]: https://www.cnn.com/2018/12/18/tech/5g-mobile-att/index.html
[18]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3339720/like-4g-before-it-5g-is-being-hyped.html?nsdr=true
[19]: https://www.digitaltrends.com/mobile/sprint-5g-rollout/
[20]: https://www.cnet.com/news/t-mobile-delays-full-600-mhz-5g-launch-until-second-half/
[21]: https://lets5g.com/
[22]: https://www.verizonwireless.com/support/5g-moto-mod-faqs/?AID=11365093&SID=100098X1555750Xbc2e857934b22ebca1a0570d5ba93b7c&vendorid=CJM&PUBID=7105813&cjevent=2e2150cb478c11e98183013b0a1c0e0c
[23]: https://www.digitaltrends.com/cell-phone-reviews/moto-z3-review/
[24]: https://www.businessinsider.com/samsung-galaxy-s10-5g-which-us-cities-have-5g-networks-2019-2
[25]: https://www.cnet.com/news/why-apples-in-no-rush-to-sell-you-a-5g-iphone/
[26]: https://mashable.com/2012/09/09/iphone-5-4g-lte/#hYyQUelYo8qq
[27]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3305359/6g-will-achieve-terabits-per-second-speeds.html
[28]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3285112/get-ready-for-upcoming-6g-wireless-too.html
[29]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3315626/5g-and-6g-wireless-technologies-have-security-issues.html
[30]: https://%20https//www.networkworld.com/article/3306720/mobile-wireless/how-enterprises-can-prep-for-5g.html
[31]: https://%20https//www.networkworld.com/article/3330603/mobile-wireless/5g-versus-4g-how-speed-latency-and-application-support-differ.html
[32]: https://%20https//www.networkworld.com/article/3319176/mobile-wireless/private-5g-networks-are-coming.html
[33]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3315626/network-security/5g-and-6g-wireless-technologies-have-security-issues.html
[34]: https://www.networkworld.com/article/3291323/mobile-wireless/millimeter-wave-wireless-could-help-support-5g-and-iot.html
[35]: https://www.facebook.com/NetworkWorld/
[36]: https://www.linkedin.com/company/network-world