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submit tech/20180829 Add GUIs to your programs and scripts easily with PySimpleGUI.md
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Add GUIs to your programs and scripts easily with PySimpleGUI
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======
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Few people run Python programs by double-clicking the .py file as if it were a .exe file. When a typical user (non-programmer types) double-clicks an .exe file, they expect it to pop open with a window they can interact with. While GUIs, using tkinter, are possible using standard Python installations, it's unlikely many programs do this.
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What if it were so easy to open a Python program into a GUI that complete beginners could do it? Would anyone care? Would anyone use it? It's difficult to answer because to date it's not been easy to build a custom GUI.
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There seems to be a gap in the ability to add a GUI onto a Python program/script. Complete beginners are left using only the command line and many advanced programmers don't want to take the time required to code up a tkinter GUI.
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### GUI frameworks
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There is no shortage of GUI frameworks for Python. Tkinter, WxPython, Qt, and Kivy are a few of the major packages. In addition, there are a good number of dumbed-down GUI packages that "wrap" one of the major packages, including EasyGUI, PyGUI, and Pyforms.
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The problem is that beginners (those with less than six weeks of experience) can't learn even the simplest of the major packages. That leaves the wrapper packages as a potential option, but it will still be difficult or impossible for most new users to build a custom GUI layout. Even if it's possible, the wrappers still require pages of code.
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[PySimpleGUI][1] attempts to address these GUI challenges by providing a super-simple, easy-to-understand interface to GUIs that can be easily customized. Even many complex GUIs require less than 20 lines of code when PySimpleGUI is used.
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### The secret
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What makes PySimpleGUI superior for newcomers is that the package contains the majority of the code that the user is normally expected to write. Button callbacks are handled by PySimpleGUI, not the user's code. Beginners struggle to grasp the concept of a function, and expecting them to understand a call-back function in the first few weeks is a stretch.
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With most GUIs, arranging GUI widgets often requires several lines of code… at least one or two lines per widget. PySimpleGUI uses an "auto-packer" that automatically creates the layout. No pack or grid system is needed to lay out a GUI window.
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Finally, PySimpleGUI leverages the Python language constructs in clever ways that shorten the amount of code and return the GUI data in a straightforward manner. When a widget is created in a form layout, it is configured in place, not several lines of code away.
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### What is a GUI?
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Most GUIs do one thing: collect information from the user and return it. From a programmer's viewpoint, this could be summed up as a function call that looks like this:
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```
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button, values = GUI_Display(gui_layout)
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```
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What's expected from most GUIs is the button that was clicked (e.g., OK, cancel, save, yes, no, etc.) and the values input by the user. The essence of a GUI can be boiled down to a single line of code.
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This is exactly how PySimpleGUI works (for simple GUIs). When the call is made to display the GUI, nothing executes until a button is clicked that closes the form.
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There are more complex GUIs, such as those that don't close after a button is clicked. Examples include a remote control interface for a robot and a chat window. These complex forms can also be created with PySimpleGUI.
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### Making a quick GUI
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When is PySimpleGUI useful? Immediately, whenever you need a GUI. It takes less than five minutes to create and try a GUI. The quickest way to make a GUI is to copy one from the [PySimpleGUI Cookbook][2]. Follow these steps:
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* Find a GUI that looks similar to what you want to create
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* Copy code from the Cookbook
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* Paste it into your IDE and run it
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Let's look at the first recipe from the book.
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```
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import PySimpleGUI as sg
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# Very basic form. Return values as a list
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form = sg.FlexForm('Simple data entry form') # begin with a blank form
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layout = [
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[sg.Text('Please enter your Name, Address, Phone')],
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[sg.Text('Name', size=(15, 1)), sg.InputText('name')],
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[sg.Text('Address', size=(15, 1)), sg.InputText('address')],
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[sg.Text('Phone', size=(15, 1)), sg.InputText('phone')],
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[sg.Submit(), sg.Cancel()]
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]
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button, values = form.LayoutAndRead(layout)
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print(button, values[0], values[1], values[2])
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```
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It's a reasonably sized form.
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If you just need to collect a few values and they're all basically strings, you could copy this recipe and modify it to suit your needs.
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You can even create a custom GUI layout in just five lines of code.
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```
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import PySimpleGUI as sg
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form = sg.FlexForm('My first GUI')
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layout = [ [sg.Text('Enter your name'), sg.InputText()],
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[sg.OK()] ]
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button, (name,) = form.LayoutAndRead(layout)
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```
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### Making a custom GUI in five minutes
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If you have a straightforward layout, you should be able create a custom layout in PySimpleGUI in less than five minutes by modifying code from the Cookbook.
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Widgets are called elements in PySimpleGUI. These elements are spelled exactly as you would type them into your Python code.
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#### Core elements
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```
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Text
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InputText
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Multiline
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InputCombo
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Listbox
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Radio
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Checkbox
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Spin
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Output
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SimpleButton
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RealtimeButton
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ReadFormButton
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ProgressBar
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Image
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Slider
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Column
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```
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#### Shortcut list
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PySimpleGUI also has two types of element shortcuts. One type is simply other names for the exact same element (e.g., `T` instead of `Text`). The second type configures an element with a particular setting, sparing you from specifying all parameters (e.g., `Submit` is a button with the text "Submit" on it)
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```
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T = Text
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Txt = Text
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In = InputText
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Input = IntputText
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Combo = InputCombo
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DropDown = InputCombo
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Drop = InputCombo
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```
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#### Button shortcuts
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A number of common buttons have been implemented as shortcuts. These include:
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```
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FolderBrowse
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FileBrowse
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FileSaveAs
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Save
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Submit
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OK
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Ok
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Cancel
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Quit
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Exit
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Yes
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No
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```
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There are also shortcuts for more generic button functions.
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```
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SimpleButton
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ReadFormButton
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RealtimeButton
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```
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These are all the GUI widgets you can choose from in PySimpleGUI. If one isn't on these lists, it doesn't go in your form layout.
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#### GUI design pattern
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The stuff that tends not to change in GUIs are the calls that set up and show a window. The layout of the elements is what changes from one program to another.
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Here is the code from the example above with the layout removed:
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```
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import PySimpleGUI as sg
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form = sg.FlexForm('Simple data entry form')
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# Define your form here (it's a list of lists)
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button, values = form.LayoutAndRead(layout)
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```
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The flow for most GUIs is:
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* Create the form object
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* Define the GUI as a list of lists
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* Show the GUI and get results
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These are line-for-line what you see in PySimpleGUI's design pattern.
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#### GUI layout
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To create your custom GUI, first break your form down into rows, because forms are defined one row at a time. Then place one element after another, working from left to right.
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The result is a "list of lists" that looks something like this:
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```
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layout = [ [Text('Row 1')],
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[Text('Row 2'), Checkbox('Checkbox 1', OK()), Checkbox('Checkbox 2'), OK()] ]
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```
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This layout produces this window:
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### Displaying the GUI
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Once you have your layout complete and you've copied the lines of code that set up and show the form, it's time to display the form and get values from the user.
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This is the line of code that displays the form and provides the results:
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```
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button, values = form.LayoutAndRead(layout)
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```
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Forms return two values: the text of the button that is clicked and a list of values the user enters into the form.
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If the example form is displayed and the user does nothing other than clicking the OK button, the results would be:
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```
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button == 'OK'
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values == [False, False]
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```
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Checkbox elements return a value of True or False. Because the checkboxes defaulted to unchecked, both the values returned were False.
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### Displaying results
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Once you have the values from the GUI, it's nice to check what values are in the variables. Rather than printing them out using a `print` statement, let's stick with the GUI idea and output the data to a window.
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PySimpleGUI has a number of message boxes to choose from. The data passed to the message box is displayed in a window. The function takes any number of arguments. You can simply indicate all the variables you want to see in the call.
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The most commonly used message box in PySimpleGUI is MsgBox. To display the results from the previous example, write:
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```
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MsgBox('The GUI returned:', button, values)
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```
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### Putting it all together
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Now that you know the basics, let's put together a form that contains as many of PySimpleGUI's elements as possible. Also, to give it a nice appearance, we'll change the "look and feel" to a green and tan color scheme.
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```
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import PySimpleGUI as sg
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sg.ChangeLookAndFeel('GreenTan')
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form = sg.FlexForm('Everything bagel', default_element_size=(40, 1))
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column1 = [[sg.Text('Column 1', background_color='#d3dfda', justification='center', size=(10,1))],
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[sg.Spin(values=('Spin Box 1', '2', '3'), initial_value='Spin Box 1')],
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[sg.Spin(values=('Spin Box 1', '2', '3'), initial_value='Spin Box 2')],
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[sg.Spin(values=('Spin Box 1', '2', '3'), initial_value='Spin Box 3')]]
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layout = [
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[sg.Text('All graphic widgets in one form!', size=(30, 1), font=("Helvetica", 25))],
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[sg.Text('Here is some text.... and a place to enter text')],
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[sg.InputText('This is my text')],
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[sg.Checkbox('My first checkbox!'), sg.Checkbox('My second checkbox!', default=True)],
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[sg.Radio('My first Radio! ', "RADIO1", default=True), sg.Radio('My second Radio!', "RADIO1")],
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[sg.Multiline(default_text='This is the default Text should you decide not to type anything', size=(35, 3)),
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sg.Multiline(default_text='A second multi-line', size=(35, 3))],
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[sg.InputCombo(('Combobox 1', 'Combobox 2'), size=(20, 3)),
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sg.Slider(range=(1, 100), orientation='h', size=(34, 20), default_value=85)],
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[sg.Listbox(values=('Listbox 1', 'Listbox 2', 'Listbox 3'), size=(30, 3)),
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sg.Slider(range=(1, 100), orientation='v', size=(5, 20), default_value=25),
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sg.Slider(range=(1, 100), orientation='v', size=(5, 20), default_value=75),
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sg.Slider(range=(1, 100), orientation='v', size=(5, 20), default_value=10),
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sg.Column(column1, background_color='#d3dfda')],
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[sg.Text('_' * 80)],
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[sg.Text('Choose A Folder', size=(35, 1))],
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[sg.Text('Your Folder', size=(15, 1), auto_size_text=False, justification='right'),
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sg.InputText('Default Folder'), sg.FolderBrowse()],
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[sg.Submit(), sg.Cancel()]
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]
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button, values = form.LayoutAndRead(layout)
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sg.MsgBox(button, values)
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```
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This may seem like a lot of code, but try coding this same GUI layout directly in tkinter and you'll quickly realize how tiny it is.
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The last line of code opens a message box. This is how it looks:
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Each parameter to the message box call is displayed on a new line. There are two lines of text in the message box; the second line is very long and wrapped a number of times
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Take a moment and pair up the results values with the GUI to get an understanding of how results are created and returned.
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### Adding a GUI to Your Program or Script
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If you have a script that uses the command line, you don't have to abandon it in order to add a GUI. An easy solution is that if there are zero parameters given on the command line, then the GUI is run. Otherwise, execute the command line as you do today.
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This kind of logic is all that's needed:
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```
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if len(sys.argv) == 1:
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# collect arguments from GUI
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else:
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# collect arguements from sys.argv
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```
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The easiest way to get a GUI up and running quickly is to copy and modify one of the recipes from the [PySimpleGUI Cookbook][2].
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Have some fun! Spice up the scripts you're tired of running by hand. Spend 5 or 10 minutes playing with the demo scripts. You may find one already exists that does exactly what you need. If not, you will find it's simple to create your own. If you really get lost, you've only invested 10 minutes.
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### Resources
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#### Installation
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PySimpleGUI works on all systems that run tkinter, including Raspberry Pi, and it requires Python 3
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```
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pip install PySimpleGUI
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```
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#### Documentation
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+ [Manual][3]
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+ [Cookbook][4]
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+ [GitHub repository][5]
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://opensource.com/article/18/8/pysimplegui
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作者：[Mike Barnett][a]
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选题：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972)
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://opensource.com/users/pysimplegui
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[1]: https://github.com/MikeTheWatchGuy/PySimpleGUI
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[2]: https://pysimplegui.readthedocs.io/en/latest/cookbook/
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[3]: https://pysimplegui.readthedocs.io/en/latest/cookbook/
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[4]: https://pysimplegui.readthedocs.io/en/latest/cookbook/
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[5]: https://github.com/MikeTheWatchGuy/PySimpleGUI
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@ -0,0 +1,346 @@
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使用 PySimpleGUI 轻松为程序和脚本增加 GUI
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======
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对于 `.exe` 类型的程序文件，我们可以通过双击鼠标左键打开；但对于 `.py` 类型的 Python 程序，几乎不会有人尝试同样的操作。对于一个（非程序员类型的）典型用户，他们双击打开 `.exe` 文件时预期弹出一个可以交互的窗体。基于 `Tkinter`，可以通过<ruby>标准 Python 安装<rt>standard Python installations</rt></ruby>的方式提供 GUI，但很多程序都不太可能这样做。
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如果打开 Python 程序并进入 GUI 界面变得如此容易，以至于真正的初学者也可以掌握，会怎样呢？会有人感兴趣并使用吗？这个问题不好回答，因为直到今天创建自定义 GUI 布局仍不是件容易的事情。
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在为程序或脚本增加 GUI 这件事上，似乎存在能力的“错配”。（缺乏这方面能力的）真正的初学者被迫只能使用命令行方式，而很多（具备这方面能力的）高级程序员却不愿意花时间创建一个 `Tkinter` GUI。
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### GUI 框架
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Python 的 GUI 框架并不少，其中 `Tkinter`，`wxPython`，`Qt` 和 `Kivy` 是几种比较主流的框架。此外，还有不少在上述框架基础上封装的简化框架，例如 `EasyGUI`，`PyGUI` 和 `Pyforms` 等。
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但问题在于，对于初学者（这里是指编程经验不超过 6 个月的用户）而言，即使是最简单的主流框架，他们也无从下手；他们也可以选择封装过的（简化）框架，但仍难以甚至无法创建自定义 GUI <ruby>布局<rt>layout</rt></ruby>。即便学会了某种（简化）框架，也需要编写连篇累牍的代码。
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[`PySimpleGUI`][1] 尝试解决上述 GUI 难题，它提供了一种简单明了、易于理解、方便自定义的 GUI 接口。如果使用 `PySimpleGUI`，很多复杂的 GUI 也仅需不到 20 行代码。
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### 秘诀
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`PySimpleGUI` 极为适合初学者的秘诀在于，它已经包含了绝大多数原本需要用户编写的代码。`PySimpleGUI` 处理按钮<ruby>回调<rt>callback</rt></ruby>，无需用户编写代码。对于初学者，在几周内掌握函数的概念已经不容易了，要求其理解回调函数似乎有些强人所难。
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在大部分 GUI 框架中，布局 GUI <ruby>小部件<rt>widgets</rt></ruby>通常需要写一些代码，每个小部件至少 1-2 行。`PySimpleGUI` 使用了“auto-packer”技术，可以自动创建布局。因而，布局 GUI 窗口不再需要 `pack` 或 `grid` 系统。
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（LCTT 译注：这里提到的 `pack` 和 `grid` 都是 `Tkinter` 的布局管理器，另外一种叫做 `place`）
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最后，`PySimpleGUI` 框架编写中有效利用 Python 语言特性，降低用户代码量并简化GUI 数据返回的方式。在<ruby>窗体<rt>form</rt></ruby>布局中创建小部件时，小部件会被部署到对应的布局中，无需额外的代码。
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### GUI 是什么？
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绝大多数 GUI 只完成一件事情：收集用户数据并返回。在程序员看来，可以归纳为如下的函数调用：
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```
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button, values = GUI_Display(gui_layout)
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```
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绝大多数 GUI 支持的用户行为包括鼠标点击（例如，“确认”，“取消”，“保存”，“是”和“否”等）和内容输入。GUI 本质上可以归结为一行代码。
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这也正是 `PySimpleGUI` （简单 GUI 模式）的工作原理。当执行命令显示 GUI 后，除非点击鼠标关闭窗体，否则不会执行任何代码。
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当然还有更复杂的 GUI，其中鼠标点击后窗口并不关闭；例如，机器人的远程控制界面，聊天窗口等。这类复杂的窗体也可以用 `PySimpleGUI` 创建。
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### 快速创建 GUI
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`PySimpleGUI` 什么时候有用呢？显然，是你需要 GUI 的时候。仅需不超过 5 分钟，就可以让你创建并尝试 GUI。最便捷的 GUI 创建方式就是从 [PySimpleGUI 经典实例][2]中拷贝一份代码。具体操作流程如下：
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||||
* 找到一个与你需求最接近的 GUI
|
||||
* 从经典实例中拷贝代码
|
||||
* 粘贴到 IDE 中并运行
|
||||
|
||||
下面我们看一下书中的第一个<ruby>经典实例<rt>recipe</rt></ruby>：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
import PySimpleGUI as sg
|
||||
|
||||
# Very basic form. Return values as a list
|
||||
form = sg.FlexForm('Simple data entry form') # begin with a blank form
|
||||
|
||||
layout = [
|
||||
[sg.Text('Please enter your Name, Address, Phone')],
|
||||
[sg.Text('Name', size=(15, 1)), sg.InputText('name')],
|
||||
[sg.Text('Address', size=(15, 1)), sg.InputText('address')],
|
||||
[sg.Text('Phone', size=(15, 1)), sg.InputText('phone')],
|
||||
[sg.Submit(), sg.Cancel()]
|
||||
]
|
||||
|
||||
button, values = form.LayoutAndRead(layout)
|
||||
|
||||
print(button, values[0], values[1], values[2])
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
运行后会打开一个大小适中的窗体。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
如果你只是想收集一些字符串类型的值，拷贝上述经典实例中的代码，稍作修改即可满足你的需求。
|
||||
|
||||
你甚至可以只用 5 行代码创建一个自定义 GUI 布局。
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
import PySimpleGUI as sg
|
||||
|
||||
form = sg.FlexForm('My first GUI')
|
||||
|
||||
layout = [ [sg.Text('Enter your name'), sg.InputText()],
|
||||
[sg.OK()] ]
|
||||
|
||||
button, (name,) = form.LayoutAndRead(layout)
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### 5 分钟内创建一个自定义 GUI
|
||||
|
||||
在简单布局的基础上，通过修改经典实例中的代码，5 分钟内即可使用 `PySimpleGUI` 创建自定义布局。
|
||||
|
||||
在 `PySimpleGUI` 中，<ruby>小部件<rt>widgets</rt></ruby>被称为<ruby>元素<rt>elements</rt></ruby>。元素的名称与编码中使用的名称保持一致。
|
||||
|
||||
（LCTT 译注：`Tkinter` 中使用小部件这个词）
|
||||
|
||||
#### 核心元素
|
||||
```
|
||||
Text
|
||||
InputText
|
||||
Multiline
|
||||
InputCombo
|
||||
Listbox
|
||||
Radio
|
||||
Checkbox
|
||||
Spin
|
||||
Output
|
||||
SimpleButton
|
||||
RealtimeButton
|
||||
ReadFormButton
|
||||
ProgressBar
|
||||
Image
|
||||
Slider
|
||||
Column
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### 元素简写
|
||||
|
||||
`PySimpleGUI` 还包含两种元素简写方式。一种是元素类型名称简写，例如 `T` 用作 `Text` 的简写；另一种是元素参数被配置了默认值，你可以无需指定所有参数，例如 `Submit` 按钮默认的文本就是“Submit”。
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
T = Text
|
||||
Txt = Text
|
||||
In = InputText
|
||||
Input = IntputText
|
||||
Combo = InputCombo
|
||||
DropDown = InputCombo
|
||||
Drop = InputCombo
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
（LCTT 译注：第一种简写就是 Python 类的别名，第二种简写是在返回元素对象的 Python 函数定义时指定了参数的默认值）
|
||||
|
||||
#### 按钮简写
|
||||
|
||||
一些通用按钮具有简写实现，包括：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
FolderBrowse
|
||||
FileBrowse
|
||||
FileSaveAs
|
||||
Save
|
||||
Submit
|
||||
OK
|
||||
Ok （LCTT 译注：这里 `k` 是小写）
|
||||
Cancel
|
||||
Quit
|
||||
Exit
|
||||
Yes
|
||||
No
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
此外，还有通用按钮功能对应的简写：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
SimpleButton
|
||||
ReadFormButton
|
||||
RealtimeButton
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
（LCTT 译注：其实就是返回 `Button` 类实例的函数）
|
||||
|
||||
上面就是 `PySimpleGUI` 支持的全部元素。如果不在上述列表之中，就不会在你的窗口布局中生效。
|
||||
|
||||
（LCTT 译注：上述都是 `PySimpleGUI` 的类名、类别名或返回实例的函数，自然只能使用列表内的。）
|
||||
|
||||
#### GUI 设计模式
|
||||
|
||||
对于 GUI 程序，创建并展示窗口的调用大同小异，差异在于元素的布局。
|
||||
|
||||
设计模式代码与上面的例子基本一致，只是移除了布局：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
import PySimpleGUI as sg
|
||||
|
||||
form = sg.FlexForm('Simple data entry form')
|
||||
# Define your form here (it's a list of lists)
|
||||
button, values = form.LayoutAndRead(layout)
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
（LCTT 译注：这段代码无法运行，只是为了说明每个程序都会用到的设计模式）
|
||||
|
||||
对于绝大多数 GUI，编码流程如下：
|
||||
|
||||
* 创建窗体对象
|
||||
* 以“列表的列表”的形式定义 GUI
|
||||
* 展示 GUI 并获取元素的值
|
||||
|
||||
上述流程与 `PySimpleGUI` 设计模式部分的代码一一对应。
|
||||
|
||||
#### GUI 布局
|
||||
|
||||
要创建自定义 GUI，首先要将窗体分割成多个行，因为窗体是一行一行定义的。然后，在每一行中从左到右依次放置元素。
|
||||
|
||||
我们得到的就是一个“列表的列表”，类似如下：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
layout = [ [Text('Row 1')],
|
||||
[Text('Row 2'), Checkbox('Checkbox 1', OK()), Checkbox('Checkbox 2'), OK()] ]
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
上述布局对应的效果如下：
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### 展示 GUI
|
||||
|
||||
当你完成布局、拷贝完用于创建和展示窗体的代码后，下一步就是展示窗体并收集用户数据。
|
||||
|
||||
下面这行代码用于展示窗体并返回收集的数据：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
button, values = form.LayoutAndRead(layout)
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
窗体返回的结果由两部分组成：一部分是被点击按钮的名称，另一部分是一个列表，包含所有用户输入窗体的值。
|
||||
|
||||
在这个例子中，窗体显示后用户直接点击 `OK` 按钮，返回的结果如下：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
button == 'OK'
|
||||
values == [False, False]
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
`Checkbox` 类型元素返回 `True` 或 `False` 类型的值。由于默认处于未选中状态，两个元素的值都是 `False`。
|
||||
|
||||
### 显示元素的值
|
||||
|
||||
一旦从 GUI 获取返回值，检查返回变量中的值是个不错的想法。与其使用 `print` 语句进行打印，我们不妨坚持使用 GUI 并在一个窗口中输出这些值。
|
||||
|
||||
（LCTT 译注：考虑使用的是 Python 3 版本，`print` 应该是函数而不是语句）
|
||||
|
||||
在 `PySimpleGUI` 中，有多种消息框可供选取。传递给消息框（函数）的数据会被显示在消息框中；函数可以接受任意数目的参数，你可以轻松的将所有要查看的变量展示出来。
|
||||
|
||||
在 `PySimpleGUI` 中，最常用的消息框是 `MsgBox`。要展示上面例子中的数据，只需编写一行代码：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
MsgBox('The GUI returned:', button, values)
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 整合
|
||||
|
||||
好了，你已经了解了基础知识，让我们创建一个包含尽可能多 `PySimpleGUI` 元素的窗体吧！此外，为了更好的感观效果，我们将采用绿色/棕褐色的配色方案。
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
import PySimpleGUI as sg
|
||||
|
||||
sg.ChangeLookAndFeel('GreenTan')
|
||||
|
||||
form = sg.FlexForm('Everything bagel', default_element_size=(40, 1))
|
||||
|
||||
column1 = [[sg.Text('Column 1', background_color='#d3dfda', justification='center', size=(10,1))],
|
||||
[sg.Spin(values=('Spin Box 1', '2', '3'), initial_value='Spin Box 1')],
|
||||
[sg.Spin(values=('Spin Box 1', '2', '3'), initial_value='Spin Box 2')],
|
||||
[sg.Spin(values=('Spin Box 1', '2', '3'), initial_value='Spin Box 3')]]
|
||||
layout = [
|
||||
[sg.Text('All graphic widgets in one form!', size=(30, 1), font=("Helvetica", 25))],
|
||||
[sg.Text('Here is some text.... and a place to enter text')],
|
||||
[sg.InputText('This is my text')],
|
||||
[sg.Checkbox('My first checkbox!'), sg.Checkbox('My second checkbox!', default=True)],
|
||||
[sg.Radio('My first Radio! ', "RADIO1", default=True), sg.Radio('My second Radio!', "RADIO1")],
|
||||
[sg.Multiline(default_text='This is the default Text should you decide not to type anything', size=(35, 3)),
|
||||
sg.Multiline(default_text='A second multi-line', size=(35, 3))],
|
||||
[sg.InputCombo(('Combobox 1', 'Combobox 2'), size=(20, 3)),
|
||||
sg.Slider(range=(1, 100), orientation='h', size=(34, 20), default_value=85)],
|
||||
[sg.Listbox(values=('Listbox 1', 'Listbox 2', 'Listbox 3'), size=(30, 3)),
|
||||
sg.Slider(range=(1, 100), orientation='v', size=(5, 20), default_value=25),
|
||||
sg.Slider(range=(1, 100), orientation='v', size=(5, 20), default_value=75),
|
||||
sg.Slider(range=(1, 100), orientation='v', size=(5, 20), default_value=10),
|
||||
sg.Column(column1, background_color='#d3dfda')],
|
||||
[sg.Text('_' * 80)],
|
||||
[sg.Text('Choose A Folder', size=(35, 1))],
|
||||
[sg.Text('Your Folder', size=(15, 1), auto_size_text=False, justification='right'),
|
||||
sg.InputText('Default Folder'), sg.FolderBrowse()],
|
||||
[sg.Submit(), sg.Cancel()]
|
||||
]
|
||||
|
||||
button, values = form.LayoutAndRead(layout)
|
||||
sg.MsgBox(button, values)
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
看上面要写不少代码，但如果你试着直接使用 `Tkinter` 框架实现同样的 GUI，你很快就会发现 `PySimpleGUI` 版本的代码是多么的简洁。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
代码的最后一行打开了一个消息框，效果如下：
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
消息框函数中的每一个参数的内容都会被打印到单独的行中。本例的消息框中包含两行，其中第二行非常长而且包含列表嵌套。
|
||||
|
||||
建议花一点时间将上述结果与 GUI 中的元素一一比对，这样可以更好的理解这些结果是如何产生的。
|
||||
|
||||
### 为你的程序或脚本添加 GUI
|
||||
|
||||
如果你有一个命令行方式使用的脚本，添加 GUI 不一定意味着完全放弃该脚本。一种简单的方案如下：如果脚本不需要命令行参数，那么可以直接使用 GUI 调用该脚本；反之，就按原来的方式运行脚本。
|
||||
|
||||
仅需类似如下的逻辑：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
if len(sys.argv) == 1:
|
||||
# collect arguments from GUI
|
||||
else:
|
||||
# collect arguements from sys.argv
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
创建并运行 GUI 最便捷的方式就是从 [PySimpleGUI 经典实例][2]中拷贝一份代码并修改。
|
||||
|
||||
快来试试吧！给你一直疲于手动执行的脚本增加一些趣味。只需 5-10 分钟即可玩转示例脚本。你可能发现一个几乎满足你需求的经典实例；如果找不到，也很容易自己编写一个。即使你真的玩不转，也只是浪费了 5-10 分钟而已。
|
||||
|
||||
### 资源
|
||||
|
||||
#### 安装方式
|
||||
|
||||
支持 `Tkinter` 的系统就支持 `PySimpleGUI`，甚至包括<ruby>树莓派<rt>Raspberry Pi</rt></ruby>，但你需要使用 Python 3。
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
pip install PySimpleGUI
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
#### 文档
|
||||
|
||||
* [手册][3]
|
||||
* [经典实例][2]
|
||||
* [GitHub repository][1]
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://opensource.com/article/18/8/pysimplegui
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Mike Barnett][a]
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972)
|
||||
译者：[pinewall](https://github.com/pinewall)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://opensource.com/users/pysimplegui
|
||||
[1]: https://github.com/MikeTheWatchGuy/PySimpleGUI
|
||||
[2]: https://pysimplegui.readthedocs.io/en/latest/cookbook/
|
||||
[3]: https://pysimplegui.readthedocs.io/en/latest/
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user