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20180108 How to Install Docker CE on Your Desktop.md 翻译完毕
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Translating by MjSeven
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How to Install Docker CE on Your Desktop
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======
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[In the previous article,][1] we learned some of the basic terminologies of the container world. That background information will come in handy when we run commands and use some of those terms in follow-up articles, including this one. This article will cover the installation of Docker on desktop Linux, macOS, and Windows, and it is intended for beginners who want to get started with Docker containers. The only prerequisite is that you are comfortable with command-line interface.
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### Why do I need Docker CE on my local machine?
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As a new user, you many wonder why you need containers on your local systems. Aren’t they meant to run in cloud and servers as microservices? While containers have been part of the Linux world for a very long time, it was Docker that made them really consumable with its tools and technologies.
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The greatest thing about Docker containers is that you can use your local machine for development and testing. The container images that you create on your local system can then run “anywhere.” There is no conflict between developers and operators about apps running fine on development systems but not in production.
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The point is that in order to create containerized applications, you must be able to run and create containers on your local systems.
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You can use any of the three platforms -- desktop Linux, Windows, or macOS as the development platform for containers. Once Docker is successfully running on these systems, you will be using the same commands across platforms so it really doesn’t matter which OS you are running underneath.
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That’s the beauty of Docker.
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### Let’s get started
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There are two editions of Docker. Docker Enterprise Edition (EE) and Docker Community Edition (CE). We will be using the Docker Community Edition, which is a free of cost version of Docker intended for developers and enthusiasts who want to get started with Docker.
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There are two channels of Docker CE: stable and edge. As the name implies, the stable version gives you well-tested quarterly updates, whereas the edge version offers new updates every month. After further testing, these edge features are added to the stable release. I recommend the stable version for new users.
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Docker CE is supported on macOS, Windows 10, Ubuntu 14.04, 16.04, 17.04 and 17.10; Debian 7.7,8,9 and 10; Fedora 25, 26, 27; and centOS. While you can download Docker CE binaries and install on your Desktop Linux systems, I recommend adding repositories so you continue to receive patches and updates.
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### Install Docker CE on Desktop Linux
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You don’t need a full blown desktop Linux to run Docker, you can install it on a bare minimal Linux server as well, that you can run in a VM. In this tutorial, I am running it on Fedora 27 and Ubuntu 17.04 running on my main systems.
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### Ubuntu Installation
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First things first. Run a system update so your Ubuntu packages are fully updated:
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```
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$ sudo apt-get update
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```
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Now run system upgrade:
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```
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$ sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
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```
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Then install Docker PGP keys:
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```
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sudo add-apt-repository "deb [arch=amd64] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu $(lsb_release -cs) stable"
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Update the repository info again:
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$ sudo apt-get update
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```
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Now install Docker CE:
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```
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$ sudo apt-get install docker-ce
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```
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Once it's installed, Docker CE runs automatically on Ubuntu based systems. Let’s check if it’s running:
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```
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$ sudo systemctl status docker
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```
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You should get the following output:
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```
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docker.service - Docker Application Container Engine
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Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/docker.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
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Active: active (running) since Thu 2017-12-28 15:06:35 EST; 19min ago
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Docs: https://docs.docker.com
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Main PID: 30539 (dockerd)
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```
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Since Docker is installed on your system, you can now use Docker CLI (Command Line Interface) to run Docker commands. Living up to the tradition, let’s run the ‘Hello World’ command:
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```
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$ sudo docker run hello-world
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```
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![YMChR_7xglpYBT91rtXnqQc6R1Hx9qMX_iO99vL8][2]
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Congrats! You have Docker running on your Ubuntu system.
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### Installing Docker CE on Fedora
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Things are a bit different on Fedora 27. On Fedora, you first need to install def-plugins-core packages that will allow you to manage your DNF packages from CLI.
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```
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$ sudo dnf -y install dnf-plugins-core
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```
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Now install the Docker repo on your system:
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```
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$ sudo dnf config-manager \
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--add-repo \
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https://download.docker.com/linux/fedora/docker-ce.repo
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It’s time to install Docker CE:
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$ sudo dnf install docker-ce
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```
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Unlike Ubuntu, Docker doesn’t start automatically on Fedora. So let’s start it:
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```
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$ sudo systemctl start docker
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```
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You will have to start Docker manually after each reboot, so let’s configure it to start automatically after reboots. $ systemctl enable docker Well, it’s time to run the Hello World command:
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```
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$ sudo docker run hello-world
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```
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Congrats, Docker is running on your Fedora 27 system.
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### Cutting your roots
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You may have noticed that you have to use sudo to run Docker commands. That’s because of Docker daemon’s binding with the UNIX socket, instead of a TCP port and that socket is owned by the root user. So, you need sudo privileges to run the docker command. You can add system user to the docker group so it won’t require sudo:
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```
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$ sudo groupadd docker
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```
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In most cases, the docker user group is automatically created when you install Docker CE, so all you need to do is add your user to that group:
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```
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$ sudo usermod -aG docker $USER
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```
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To test if the group has been added successfully, run the groups command against the name of the user:
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```
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$ groups swapnil
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```
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(Here, Swapnil is the user.)
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This is the output on my system:
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```
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$ swapnil : swapnil adm cdrom sudo dip plugdev lpadmin sambashare docker
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```
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You can see that the user also belongs to the docker group. Log out of your system, so that group changes take effect. Once you log back in, try the Hello World command without sudo:
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```
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$ docker run hello-world
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```
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You can check system wide info about the installed version of Docker and more by running this command:
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```
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$ docker info
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```
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### Install Docker CE on macOS and Windows
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You can easily install Docker CE (and EE) on macOS and Windows. Download the official Docker for Mac and install it the way you install applications on macOS, by simply dragging them into the Applications directory. Once the file is copied, open Docker from spotlight to start the installation process. Once installed, Docker will start automatically and you can see it in the top bar of macOS.
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![IEX23j65zYlF8mZ1c-T_vFw_i1B1T1hibw_AuhEA][3]
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macOS is UNIX, so you can simply open the terminal app and start using Docker commands natively. Test the hello world app:
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```
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$ docker run hello-world
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```
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Congrats, you have Docker running on your macOS.
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### Docker on Windows 10
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You need the latest version of Windows 10 Pro or Server in order to run/install Docker on it. If you are not fully updated, Windows won’t install Docker. I got an error on my Windows 10 system and had to run system updates. My version was still behind, and I hit [this][4] bug. So, if you fail to install Docker on Windows, just know you are not alone. Keep an eye on that bug to find a solution.
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Once you install Docker on Windows, you can either use bash shell via WSL or use PowerShell to run docker commands. Let’s test the “Hello World” command in PowerShell:
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```
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PS C:\Users\swapnil> docker run hello-world
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```
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Congrats, you have Docker running on Windows.
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In the next article, we will talk about pulling images from DockerHub and running containers on our systems. We will also talk about pushing our own containers to Docker Hub.
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://www.linux.com/blog/learn/intro-to-linux/how-install-docker-ce-your-desktop
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作者：[SWAPNIL BHARTIYA][a]
|
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972)
|
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|
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
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|
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[a]:https://www.linux.com/users/arnieswap
|
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[1]:https://www.linux.com/blog/intro-to-linux/2017/12/container-basics-terms-you-need-know
|
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[2]:https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/YMChR_7xglpYBT91rtXnqQc6R1Hx9qMX_iO99vL8Z8C0-BlynDcL5B5pG-zzH0fKU0Qvnzd89v0KDEbZiO0gTfGNGfDtO-FkTt0bmzIQ-TKbNmv18S9RXdkSeXqgKDFRewnaHPj2
|
||||
[3]:https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/IEX23j65zYlF8mZ1c-T_vFw_i1B1T1hibw_AuhEAfwv9oFpMfcAqkgEk7K5o58iDAAfGozSpIvY_qEsTOHRlSbesMKwTnG9rRkWba1KPSmnuH1LyoccDGNO3Clbz8du0gSByZxNj
|
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[4]:https://github.com/docker/for-win/issues/1263
|
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@ -0,0 +1,201 @@
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怎样在桌面上安装 Docker CE？
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=====
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[在上一篇文章中][1]，我们学习了容器世界的一些基本术语。当我们运行命令并在后续文章中使用其中一些术语时，这些背景信息将会派上用场，包括这篇文章。本文将介绍在桌面 Linux, macOS 和 Windows 上安装 Docker，它适用于想要开始使用 Docker 容器的初学者。唯一的先决条件是你对命令行界面满意。
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### 为什么我在本地机器上需要 Docker CE？
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作为一个新用户，你很可能想知道为什么你在本地系统上需要容器。难道它们不是作为微服务在云和服务器中运行吗？尽管容器长期以来一直是 Linux 世界的一部分，但 Docker 使它们真正可以使用它的工具和技术。（to 校正者：这句话它们意义似乎不明确）
|
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Docker 容器最大的优点是可以使用本地机器进行开发和测试。你在本地系统上创建的容器映像可以在“任何位置”运行。就应用程序在开发系统上运行良好但生产环境中出现问题这一点，开发人员和操作人员之间不会起冲突。
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关键是，为了创建容器化的应用程序，你必须能够在本地系统上运行和创建容器。
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你可以使用以下三个平台中的任何一个 -- 桌面 Linux, Windows 或 macOS 作为容器的开发平台。一旦 Docker 在这些系统上成功运行，你将可以在不同的平台上使用相同的命令。因此，接下来你运行的操作系统无关紧要。
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这就是 Docker 之美。
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### 让我们开始吧
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现在有两个版本的 Docker：Docker 企业版（EE）和 Docker 社区版（CE）。我们将使用 Docker 社区版，这是一个免费的 Docker 版本，面向想要开始使用 Docker 的开发人员和爱好者。
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Docker CE 有两个版本：stable 和 edge。顾名思义，stable（稳定）版本会为你提供经过充分测试的季度更新，而 edge 版本每个月都会提供新的更新。经过进一步的测试之后，这些边缘特征将被添加到稳定版本中。我建议新用户使用 stable 版本。
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Docker CE 支持 macOS, Windows 10, Ubuntu 14.04, 16.04, 17.04 和 17.10，以及 Debian 7.7, 8, 9 和 10, Fedora 25, 26, 27 和 centOS。虽然你可以下载 Docker CE 二进制文件并安装到桌面 Linux 上，但我建议添加仓库源以便继续获得修补程序和更新。
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### 在桌面 Linux 上安装 Docker CE
|
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|
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你不需要一个完整的桌面 Linux 来运行 Docker，你也可以将它安装在最小的 Linux 服务器上，即你可以在一个虚拟机中运行。在本教程中，我将在我的主系统 Fedora 27 和 Ubuntu 17.04 上运行它（to 校正者：这句话搞不清主要是什么系统）。
|
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|
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### 在 Ubuntu 上安装
|
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|
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首先，运行系统更新，以便你的 Ubuntu 软件包完全更新：
|
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```
|
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$ sudo apt-get update
|
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|
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```
|
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|
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现在运行系统升级：
|
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```
|
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$ sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
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|
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```
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|
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然后安装 Docker PGP 密钥：
|
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```
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sudo add-apt-repository "deb [arch=amd64] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu $(lsb_release -cs) stable"
|
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|
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Update the repository info again:
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$ sudo apt-get update
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|
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```
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|
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现在安装 Docker CE：
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```
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$ sudo apt-get install docker-ce
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|
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```
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一旦安装，Docker CE 就会在基于 Ubuntu 的系统上自动运行，让我们来检查它是否在运行：
|
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```
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$ sudo systemctl status docker
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|
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```
|
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|
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你应该得到以下输出：
|
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```
|
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docker.service - Docker Application Container Engine
|
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Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/docker.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
|
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Active: active (running) since Thu 2017-12-28 15:06:35 EST; 19min ago
|
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Docs: https://docs.docker.com
|
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Main PID: 30539 (dockerd)
|
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|
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```
|
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|
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由于 Docker 安装在你的系统上，你现在可以使用 Docker CLI（命令行界面）运行 Docker 命令。像往常一样，我们运行 ‘Hello World’ 命令：
|
||||
```
|
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$ sudo docker run hello-world
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
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|
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![YMChR_7xglpYBT91rtXnqQc6R1Hx9qMX_iO99vL8][2]
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恭喜！在你的 Ubuntu 系统上正在运行着 Docker。
|
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### 在 Fedora 上安装 Docker CE
|
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|
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Fedora 27 上的情况有些不同。在 Fedora 上，你首先需要安装 def-plugins-core 包，这将允许你从 CLI 管理你的 DNF 包。
|
||||
```
|
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$ sudo dnf -y install dnf-plugins-core
|
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|
||||
```
|
||||
|
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现在在你的系统上安装 Docker 仓库：
|
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```
|
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$ sudo dnf config-manager \
|
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--add-repo \
|
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https://download.docker.com/linux/fedora/docker-ce.repo
|
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It’s time to install Docker CE:
|
||||
|
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$ sudo dnf install docker-ce
|
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|
||||
```
|
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|
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与 Ubuntu 不同，Docker 不会在 Fedora 上自动启动。那么让我们启动它：
|
||||
```
|
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$ sudo systemctl start docker
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
你必须在每次重新启动后手动启动 Docker，因此让我们将其配置为在重新启动后自动启动。$ systemctl enable docker 就行。现在该运行 Hello World 命令了：
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo docker run hello-world
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
恭喜，在你的 Fedora 27 系统上正在运行着 Docker。
|
||||
|
||||
### 解除 root
|
||||
|
||||
你可能已经注意到你必须使用 sudo 来运行 Docker 命令。这是因为 Docker 守护进程与 UNIX 套接字绑定，而不是 TCP 端口，套接字由 root 用户拥有。所以，你需要 sudo 权限才能运行 docker 命令。你可以将系统用户添加到 docker 组，这样它就不需要 sudo 了：
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo groupadd docker
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
在大多数情况下，在安装 Docker CE 时会自动创建 Docker 用户组，因此你只需将用户添加到该组中即可：
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo usermod -aG docker $USER
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
为了测试组是否已经成功添加，根据用户名运行 groups 命令：
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ groups swapnil
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
（这里，swapnil 是用户名。）
|
||||
|
||||
这是在我系统上的输出：
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ swapnil : swapnil adm cdrom sudo dip plugdev lpadmin sambashare docker
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
你可以看到该用户也属于 docker 组。注销系统，这样组就会生效。一旦你再次登录，在不使用 sudo 的情况下试试 Hello World 命令：
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ docker run hello-world
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
你可以通过运行以下命令来查看关于 Docker 的安装版本以及更多系统信息：
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ docker info
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 在 macOS 和 Windows 上安装 Docker CE
|
||||
|
||||
你可以在 macOS 和 Windows 上很轻松地安装 Docker CE（和 EE）。下载官方为 macOS 提供的 Docker 安装包，在 macOS 上安装应用程序的方式是只需将它们拖到 Applications 目录即可。一旦文件被复制，从 spotlight（译者注：mac 下的搜索）下打开 Docker 开始安装。一旦安装，Docker 将自动启动，你可以在 macOS 的顶部看到它。
|
||||
|
||||
![IEX23j65zYlF8mZ1c-T_vFw_i1B1T1hibw_AuhEA][3]
|
||||
|
||||
macOS 是类 UNIX，所以你可以简单地打开终端应用程序，并开始使用 Docker 命令。测试 hello world 应用：
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ docker run hello-world
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
恭喜，你已经在你的 macOS 上运行了 Docker。
|
||||
|
||||
### 在 Windows 10 上安装 Docker
|
||||
|
||||
你需要最新版本的 Windows 10 Pro 或 Server 才能在它上面安装或运行 Docker。如果你没有完全更新，Windows 将不会安装 Docker。我在 Windows 10 系统上遇到了错误，必须运行系统更新。我的版本还很落后，我出现了[这个][14] bug。所以，如果你无法在 Windows 上安装 Docker，只要知道并不是只有你一个。仔细检查该 bug 以找到解决方案。
|
||||
|
||||
一旦你在 Windows 上安装 Docker 后，你可以通过 WSL 使用 bash shell，或者使用 PowerShell 来运行 Docker 命令。让我们在 PowerShell 中测试 “Hello World” 命令：
|
||||
```
|
||||
PS C:\Users\swapnil> docker run hello-world
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
恭喜，你已经在 Windows 上运行了 Docker。
|
||||
|
||||
在下一篇文章中，我们将讨论如何从 DockerHub 中拉取镜像并在我们的系统上运行容器。我们还会讨论推送我们自己的容器到 Docker Hub。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://www.linux.com/blog/learn/intro-to-linux/how-install-docker-ce-your-desktop
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[SWAPNIL BHARTIYA][a]
|
||||
译者：[MjSeven](https://github.com/MjSeven)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
选题：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:https://www.linux.com/users/arnieswap
|
||||
[1]:https://www.linux.com/blog/intro-to-linux/2017/12/container-basics-terms-you-need-know
|
||||
[2]:https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/YMChR_7xglpYBT91rtXnqQc6R1Hx9qMX_iO99vL8Z8C0-BlynDcL5B5pG-zzH0fKU0Qvnzd89v0KDEbZiO0gTfGNGfDtO-FkTt0bmzIQ-TKbNmv18S9RXdkSeXqgKDFRewnaHPj2
|
||||
[3]:https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/IEX23j65zYlF8mZ1c-T_vFw_i1B1T1hibw_AuhEAfwv9oFpMfcAqkgEk7K5o58iDAAfGozSpIvY_qEsTOHRlSbesMKwTnG9rRkWba1KPSmnuH1LyoccDGNO3Clbz8du0gSByZxNj
|
||||
[4]:https://github.com/docker/for-win/issues/1263
|
||||
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