Merge pull request #20422 from lujun9972/add-MjAyMDEyMTEgTGVhcm4gSnVsaWEgYnkgY29kaW5nIGEgZ2FtZS5tZAo=

自动选题[tech]: 20201211 Learn Julia by coding a game

sources/tech/20201211 Learn Julia by coding a game.md

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+[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
+[#]: translator: ( )
+[#]: reviewer: ( )
+[#]: publisher: ( )
+[#]: url: ( )
+[#]: subject: (Learn Julia by coding a game)
+[#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/20/12/julia)
+[#]: author: (Moshe Zadka https://opensource.com/users/moshez)
+
+Learn Julia by coding a game
+======
+Writing the same application in multiple languages is a great way to
+learn new ways to program.
+![woman on laptop sitting at the window][1]
+
+Most programming languages have certain things in common, such as:
+
+  * Variables
+  * Expressions
+  * Statements
+
+
+
+These concepts are the basis of most programming languages. Once you understand them, you can start figuring the rest out.
+
+Programming languages usually share some similarities. Once you know one programming language, you can learn the basics of another by recognizing its differences.
+
+A good tool for learning a new language is by practicing with a standard program. This allows you to focus on the language, not the program's logic. I'm doing that in this article series using a "guess the number" program, in which the computer picks a number between one and 100 and asks you to guess it. The program loops until you guess the number correctly.
+
+This program exercises several concepts in programming languages:
+
+  * Variables
+  * Input
+  * Output
+  * Conditional evaluation
+  * Loops
+
+
+
+It's a great practical experiment to learn a new programming language.
+
+### Guess the number in Julia
+
+According to [Julia][2]'s website, the language "is dynamically typed, feels like a scripting language, and has good support for interactive use." It "was designed from the beginning for high performance. Julia programs compile to efficient native code for multiple platforms via LLVM."
+
+You can explore Julia by writing a version of the "guess the number" game.
+
+Here is my implementation: 
+
+
+```
+random = rand(1:100)
+
+println("Guess a number between 1 and 100")
+
+while true
+    data = readline()
+    if data == ""
+        println("goodbye")
+        break
+    end
+    guess = parse(Int64, data)
+    if guess < random
+        println("Too low")
+    elseif guess > random
+        println("Too high")
+    else
+        println("That's right!")
+        break
+end
+```
+
+To assign a value to a variable, list the variable's name followed by the `=` sign. For example, the statement `random = 0` assigns a zero value to the `random` variable.
+
+The first line of the script reads the result of the function `rand()` and assigns it to the variable called `random`. The function takes a single argument: a range. In this case, the range is `1:100`, making the game just challenging enough.
+
+You can also prompt the user to enter a value using the `readline()` function. If you write `data = readline()`, Julia waits for the user to enter some text, then stores that value in the guess variable.
+
+The next step is to convert `data` to an integer type. In this case, use `Int64`, a 64-bit integer type. The result of the `parse` function is stored in a variable `guess`.
+
+Julia supports conditional expressions and flow control like loops. In the "guess the number" game, Julia continues looping as long as the guess value is not equal to `random`.
+
+If the guess is less than the random number, Julia prints `Too low`, and if the guess is greater than the number, Julia prints `Too high`.
+
+### Sample output
+
+Now that you've written your Julia program, run it to play the "guess the number" game. Every time you run the program, Julia will pick a different random number, so you need to guess until you find the correct number:
+
+
+```
+$ julia guess.jl
+Guess a number between 1 and 100
+50
+Too high
+30
+Too high
+20
+Too high
+10
+Too low
+15
+Too high
+13
+Too low
+14
+That's right!
+```
+
+This "guess the number" game is a great introductory program for learning a new programming language because it exercises several common programming concepts in a pretty straightforward way. By implementing this simple game in different programming languages, you can demonstrate some core concepts of the languages and compare their details.
+
+Do you have a favorite programming language? How would you write the "guess the number" game in it? Follow this article series to see examples of other programming languages that might interest you!
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+via: https://opensource.com/article/20/12/julia
+
+作者：[Moshe Zadka][a]
+选题：[lujun9972][b]
+译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
+校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
+
+本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
+
+[a]: https://opensource.com/users/moshez
+[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
+[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/lenovo-thinkpad-laptop-window-focus.png?itok=g0xPm2kD (young woman working on a laptop)
+[2]: https://julialang.org/