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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
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[#]: translator: (MjSeven)
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[#]: reviewer: ( )
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[#]: publisher: ( )
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[#]: url: ( )
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[#]: subject: (How To Create SSH Alias In Linux)
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[#]: via: (https://www.ostechnix.com/how-to-create-ssh-alias-in-linux/)
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[#]: author: (sk https://www.ostechnix.com/author/sk/)
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How To Create SSH Alias In Linux
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======
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![How To Create SSH Alias In Linux][1]
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If you frequently access a lot of different remote systems via SSH, this trick will save you some time. You can create SSH alias to frequently-accessed systems via SSH. This way you need not to remember all the different usernames, hostnames, ssh port numbers and IP addresses etc. Additionally, It avoids the need to repetitively type the same username/hostname, ip address, port no whenever you SSH into a Linux server(s).
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### Create SSH Alias In Linux
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Before I know this trick, usually, I connect to a remote system over SSH using anyone of the following ways.
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Using IP address:
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```
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$ ssh 192.168.225.22
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```
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Or using port number, username and IP address:
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```
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$ ssh -p 22 sk@server.example.com
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```
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Or using port number, username and hostname:
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```
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$ ssh -p 22 sk@server.example.com
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```
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Here,
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* **22** is the port number,
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* **sk** is the username of the remote system,
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* **192.168.225.22** is the IP of my remote system,
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* **server.example.com** is the hostname of remote system.
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I believe most of the newbie Linux users and/or admins would SSH into a remote system this way. However, If you SSH into multiple different systems, remembering all hostnames/ip addresses, usernames is bit difficult unless you write them down in a paper or save them in a text file. No worries! This can be easily solved by creating an alias(or shortcut) for SSH connections.
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We can create an alias for SSH commands in two methods.
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##### Method 1 – Using SSH Config File
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This is my preferred way of creating aliases.
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We can use SSH default configuration file to create SSH alias. To do so, edit **~/.ssh/config** file (If this file doesn’t exist, just create one):
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```
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$ vi ~/.ssh/config
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```
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Add all of your remote hosts details like below:
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```
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Host webserver
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HostName 192.168.225.22
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User sk
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Host dns
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HostName server.example.com
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User root
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Host dhcp
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HostName 192.168.225.25
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User ostechnix
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Port 2233
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```
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![][2]
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Create SSH Alias In Linux Using SSH Config File
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Replace the values of **Host** , **Hostname** , **User** and **Port** with your own. Once you added the details of all remote hosts, save and exit the file.
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Now you can SSH into the systems with commands:
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```
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$ ssh webserver
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$ ssh dns
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$ ssh dhcp
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```
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It is simple as that.
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Have a look at the following screenshot.
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![][3]
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Access remote system using SSH alias
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See? I only used the alias name (i.e **webserver** ) to access my remote system that has IP address **192.168.225.22**.
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Please note that this applies for current user only. If you want to make the aliases available for all users (system wide), add the above lines in **/etc/ssh/ssh_config** file.
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You can also add plenty of other things in the SSH config file. For example, if you have [**configured SSH Key-based authentication**][4], mention the SSH keyfile location as below.
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```
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Host ubuntu
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HostName 192.168.225.50
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User senthil
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IdentityFIle ~/.ssh/id_rsa_remotesystem
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```
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Make sure you have replace the hostname, username and SSH keyfile path with your own.
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Now connect to the remote server with command:
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```
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$ ssh ubuntu
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```
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This way you can add as many as remote hosts you want to access over SSH and quickly access them using their alias name.
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##### Method 2 – Using Bash aliases
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This is quick and dirty way to create SSH aliases for faster communication. You can use the [**alias command**][5] to make this task much easier.
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Open **~/.bashrc** or **~/.bash_profile** file:
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Add aliases for each SSH connections one by one like below.
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```
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alias webserver='ssh sk@server.example.com'
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alias dns='ssh sk@server.example.com'
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alias dhcp='ssh sk@server.example.com -p 2233'
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alias ubuntu='ssh sk@server.example.com -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa_remotesystem'
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```
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Again make sure you have replaced the host, hostname, port number and ip address with your own. Save the file and exit.
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Then, apply the changes using command:
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```
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$ source ~/.bashrc
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```
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Or,
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```
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$ source ~/.bash_profile
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```
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In this method, you don’t even need to use “ssh alias-name” command. Instead, just use alias name only like below.
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```
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$ webserver
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$ dns
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$ dhcp
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$ ubuntu
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```
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![][6]
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These two methods are very simple, yet useful and much more convenient for those who often SSH into multiple different systems. Use any one of the aforementioned methods that suits for you to quickly access your remote Linux systems over SSH.
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* * *
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**Suggested read:**
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* [**Allow Or Deny SSH Access To A Particular User Or Group In Linux**][7]
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* [**How To SSH Into A Particular Directory On Linux**][8]
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* [**How To Stop SSH Session From Disconnecting In Linux**][9]
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* [**4 Ways To Keep A Command Running After You Log Out Of The SSH Session**][10]
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* [**SSLH – Share A Same Port For HTTPS And SSH**][11]
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* * *
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And, that’s all for now. Hope this was useful. More good stuffs to come. Stay tuned!
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Cheers!
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://www.ostechnix.com/how-to-create-ssh-alias-in-linux/
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作者：[sk][a]
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选题：[lujun9972][b]
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译者：[MjSeven](https://github.com/MjSeven)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://www.ostechnix.com/author/sk/
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[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
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[1]: https://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/ssh-alias-720x340.png
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[2]: http://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/Create-SSH-Alias-In-Linux.png
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[3]: http://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/create-ssh-alias.png
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[4]: https://www.ostechnix.com/configure-ssh-key-based-authentication-linux/
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[5]: https://www.ostechnix.com/the-alias-and-unalias-commands-explained-with-examples/
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[6]: http://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/create-ssh-alias-1.png
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[7]: https://www.ostechnix.com/allow-deny-ssh-access-particular-user-group-linux/
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[8]: https://www.ostechnix.com/how-to-ssh-into-a-particular-directory-on-linux/
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[9]: https://www.ostechnix.com/how-to-stop-ssh-session-from-disconnecting-in-linux/
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[10]: https://www.ostechnix.com/4-ways-keep-command-running-log-ssh-session/
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[11]: https://www.ostechnix.com/sslh-share-port-https-ssh/
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200
translated/tech/20190505 How To Create SSH Alias In Linux.md
Normal file
200
translated/tech/20190505 How To Create SSH Alias In Linux.md
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,200 @@
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[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
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[#]: translator: (MjSeven)
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[#]: reviewer: ( )
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[#]: publisher: ( )
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[#]: url: ( )
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[#]: subject: (How To Create SSH Alias In Linux)
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[#]: via: (https://www.ostechnix.com/how-to-create-ssh-alias-in-linux/)
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[#]: author: (sk https://www.ostechnix.com/author/sk/)
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如何在 Linux 中创建 SSH 别名
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======
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![How To Create SSH Alias In Linux][1]
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如果你经常通过 SSH 访问许多不同的远程系统，这个技巧将为你节省一些时间。你可以通过 SSH 为频繁访问的系统创建 SSH 别名，这样你就不必记住所有不同的用户名、主机名、ssh 端口号和 IP 地址等。此外，它避免了在 SSH 到 Linux 服务器时重复输入相同的用户名、主机名、IP 地址、端口号。
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### 在 Linux 中创建 SSH 别名
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在我知道这个技巧之前，我通常使用以下任意一种方式通过 SSH 连接到远程系统。
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使用 IP 地址：
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```
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$ ssh 192.168.225.22
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```
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或使用端口号、用户名和 IP 地址：
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```
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$ ssh -p 22 sk@192.168.225.22
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```
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或使用端口号、用户名和主机名：
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```
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$ ssh -p 22 sk@server.example.com
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```
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这里
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* **22** 是端口号，
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* **sk** 是远程系统的用户名，
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* **192.168.225.22** 是我远程系统的 IP，
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* **server.example.com** 是远程系统的主机名。
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我相信大多数新手 Linux 用户和（或一些）管理员都会以这种方式通过 SSH 连接到远程系统。但是，如果你通过 SSH 连接到多个不同的系统，记住所有主机名或 IP 地址，还有用户名是困难的，除非你将它们写在纸上或者将其保存在文本文件中。别担心！这可以通过为 SSH 连接创建别名（或快捷方式）轻松解决。
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我们可以用两种方法为 SSH 命令创建别名。
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##### 方法 1 – 使用 SSH 配置文件
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这是我创建别名的首选方法。
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我们可以使用 SSH 默认配置文件来创建 SSH 别名。为此，编辑 **~/.ssh/config** 文件（如果此文件不存在，只需创建一个）：
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```
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$ vi ~/.ssh/config
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```
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添加所有远程主机的详细信息，如下所示：
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```
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Host webserver
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HostName 192.168.225.22
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User sk
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Host dns
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HostName server.example.com
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User root
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Host dhcp
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HostName 192.168.225.25
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User ostechnix
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Port 2233
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```
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![][2]
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使用 SSH 配置文件在 Linux 中创建 SSH 别名
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将 **Host**、**Hostname**、**User** 和 **Port** 的值替换为你自己的值。添加所有远程主机的详细信息后，保存并退出该文件。
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现在你可以使用以下命令通过 SSH 进入系统：
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```
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$ ssh webserver
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$ ssh dns
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$ ssh dhcp
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```
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就是这么简单!
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看看下面的截图。
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![][3]
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使用 SSH 别名访问远程系统
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看到了吗？我只使用别名（例如 **webserver**）来访问 IP 地址为 **192.168.225.22** 的远程系统。
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|
请注意，这只使用于当前用户。如果要为所有用户（系统范围内）提供别名，请在 **/etc/ssh/ssh_config** 文件中添加以上行。
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|
你还可以在 SSH 配置文件中添加许多其他内容。例如，如果你[**已配置基于 SSH 密钥的身份验证**][4]，说明 SSH 密钥文件的位置，如下所示：
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|
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|
```
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|
Host ubuntu
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|
HostName 192.168.225.50
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User senthil
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IdentityFIle ~/.ssh/id_rsa_remotesystem
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|
```
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|
确保已使用你自己的值替换主机名、用户名和 SSH 密钥文件路径。
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现在使用以下命令连接到远程服务器：
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|
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|
```
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|
$ ssh ubuntu
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|
```
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|
这样，你可以添加希望通过 SSH 访问的任意多台远程主机，并使用别名快速访问它们。
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##### 方法 2 – 使用 Bash 别名
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|
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|
这是创建 SSH 别名的一种应急变通的方法，可以加快通信的速度。你可以使用 [**alias 命令**][5]使这项任务更容易。
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打开 **~/.bashrc** 或者 **~/.bash_profile** 文件：
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|
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```
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alias webserver='ssh sk@server.example.com'
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alias dns='ssh sk@server.example.com'
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alias dhcp='ssh sk@server.example.com -p 2233'
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alias ubuntu='ssh sk@server.example.com -i ~/.ssh/id_rsa_remotesystem'
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```
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再次确保你已使用自己的值替换主机、主机名、端口号和 IP 地址。保存文件并退出。
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|
然后，使用命令应用更改：
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||||||
|
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|
```
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$ source ~/.bashrc
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|
```
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|
或者
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|
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||||||
|
```
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$ source ~/.bash_profile
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|
```
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在此方法中，你甚至不需要使用 “ssh 别名” 命令。相反，只需使用别名，如下所示。
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||||||
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```
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$ webserver
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||||||
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$ dns
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||||||
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$ dhcp
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||||||
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$ ubuntu
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|
```
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||||||
|
|
||||||
|
![][6]
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||||||
|
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|
这两种方法非常简单，但对于经常通过 SSH 连接到多个不同系统的人来说非常有用，而且非常方便。使用适合你的上述任何一种方法，通过 SSH 快速访问远程 Linux 系统。
|
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* * *
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|
||||||
|
**建议阅读：**
|
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|
|
||||||
|
* [**允许或拒绝 SSH 访问 Linux 中的特定用户或组**][7]
|
||||||
|
* [**如何在 Linux 上 SSH 到特定目录**][8]
|
||||||
|
* [**如何在 Linux 中断开 SSH 会话**][9]
|
||||||
|
* [**4 种方式在退出 SSH 会话后保持命令运行**][10]
|
||||||
|
* [**SSLH – 共享相同端口的 HTTPS 和 SSH**][11]
|
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|
|
||||||
|
* * *
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
目前这就是全部了，希望它对你有帮助。更多好东西要来了，敬请关注！
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
干杯！
|
||||||
|
|
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|
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
via: https://www.ostechnix.com/how-to-create-ssh-alias-in-linux/
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
作者：[sk][a]
|
||||||
|
选题：[lujun9972][b]
|
||||||
|
译者：[MjSeven](https://github.com/MjSeven)
|
||||||
|
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
[a]: https://www.ostechnix.com/author/sk/
|
||||||
|
[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
|
||||||
|
[1]: https://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/ssh-alias-720x340.png
|
||||||
|
[2]: http://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/Create-SSH-Alias-In-Linux.png
|
||||||
|
[3]: http://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/create-ssh-alias.png
|
||||||
|
[4]: https://www.ostechnix.com/configure-ssh-key-based-authentication-linux/
|
||||||
|
[5]: https://www.ostechnix.com/the-alias-and-unalias-commands-explained-with-examples/
|
||||||
|
[6]: http://www.ostechnix.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/create-ssh-alias-1.png
|
||||||
|
[7]: https://www.ostechnix.com/allow-deny-ssh-access-particular-user-group-linux/
|
||||||
|
[8]: https://www.ostechnix.com/how-to-ssh-into-a-particular-directory-on-linux/
|
||||||
|
[9]: https://www.ostechnix.com/how-to-stop-ssh-session-from-disconnecting-in-linux/
|
||||||
|
[10]: https://www.ostechnix.com/4-ways-keep-command-running-log-ssh-session/
|
||||||
|
[11]: https://www.ostechnix.com/sslh-share-port-https-ssh/
|
||||||
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Reference in New Issue
Block a user