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How To Install And Use VBoxManage On Ubuntu 16.04 And Use Its Command line Options
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======================================================================================
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VirtualBox comes with a suite of command line utilities, and you can use the VirtualBox command line interfaces (CLIs) to manage VMs on a remote headless server. In this tutorial, we will show you how to create and start a VM without VirtualBox GUI using VBoxManage. VBoxManage is the command-line interface to VirtualBox taht you can use to completely control VirtualBox from the command line of your host operating system. VBoxManage supports all the features that the graphical user interface gives you access to, but it supports a lot more than that. It exposes really all the features of the virtualization engine, even those that cannot (yet) be accessed from the GUI. You will need to use the command line if you want to use a different user interface than the main GUI and control some of the more advanced and experimental configuration settings for a VM.
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You will find VBoxManage helpful when you want to create and run virtual machines (VMs) on VirtualBox, but you only have access to a terminal on a remote host machine. This can be a common situation for servers where VMs are managed from remotely.
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### Prerequisites
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Before we start using VBoxManage command line utility, make sure that you have root or sudo user access to your Ubuntu 16.04 server and the Oracle Virtual Box is already installed on it. Then you need to install VirtualBox Extension Pack which is needed to run a VRDE remote desktop server used to access headless VMs.
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### Installing VBoxManage
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You can get your required package by following the link to [Virtual Box Download Page][1] to get the latest extension pack, same version as your installed version of VirtualBox!.
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You can also make use of below command to get the VBoxManage extension on your system
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```
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$ wget http://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/5.0.20/Oracle_VM_VirtualBox_Extension_Pack-5.0.20-106931.vbox-extpack
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```
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Run the below command to confirm that VBoxManage has been successfully installed.
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```
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$ VBoxManage list extpacks
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```
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### Using VBoxManage on Ubuntu 16.04
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Now we are going to use VBoxManage to show you that how easily you can create and manage your virtual machines by using this utility from command line terminal.
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Let’s run the below command to create a virtual machine for Ubuntu OS.
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```
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# VBoxManage createvm --name Ubuntu16.04 --register
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```
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After executing this command it will create virtual machine called “Ubuntu16.vbox” in home folder under “VirtualBox VMs/Ubuntu16/Ubuntu16.04.vbox” . In the above command, “createvm” is used to create a virtual machine and “–name“ defines the name of the virtual machine while “registervm” command is used to register the virtual machine.
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Now, create the hard disk image for the virtual machine using the below command.
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```
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$ VBoxManage createhd --filename Ubuntu16.04 --size 5124
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```
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Here “createhd” is used to create hard disk image and “–filename” is used to specify the virtual machine’s name, for which the hard disk image is created. Here, “–size” denotes the size of the hard disk image. The size is always given in MB. Here we have specified 5Gb that is 5124MB.
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Next we will set the OS type, if the Linux OS has to be installed, then specify the OS type as Linux or Ubuntu Or Fedora etc using below command.
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```
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$ VBoxManage modifyvm Ubuntu16.04 --ostype Ubuntu
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```
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Use below command to set the memory size for the virtual OS, i.e. the ram size for the virtual OS from the host Machine.
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```
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$ VBoxManage modifyvm Ubuntu10.10 --memory 512
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```
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Now we are going to create a storage controller for the virtual machine by using below command.
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```
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$ VBoxManage storagectl Ubuntu16.04 --name IDE --add ide --controller PIIX4 --bootable on
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```
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Here in above command ‘storagectl’ is used to create a storage controller for virtual machine,’–name’ specifies the name of the storage controller that needs to be created, modified or removed from the virtual machine. Then ‘–add’ defines the type of system bus to which the storage controller must be connected. Its available options are ide/sata/scsi/floppy. The ‘–controller’ option allows to choose the type of chipset that is to be emulated for the given storage controller while its available options are LsiLogic / LSILogicSAS / BusLogic / IntelAhci / PIIX3 / PIIX4 / ICH6 / I82078. At the end ‘–bootable’ defines whether this controller is bootable or not.
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The above command creates the storage controller called IDE. Later the virtual media can be attached to the controller using ‘storageattach’ command.
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Now run below command to create a storage controller called SATA, that will be used to attach the hard disk image to this later.
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```
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$ VBoxManage storagectl Ubuntu16.04 --name SATA --add sata --controller IntelAhci --bootable on
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```
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Attach the previously created disk image as well as CD/DVD drive to the IDE controller. Ubuntu installation ISO image which is then inserted to the CD/DVD drive. Now, attach the storage controller to the virtual machine using ‘storageattach’ command.
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```
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$ VBoxManage storageattach Ubuntu16.04 --storagectl SATA --port 0 --device 0 --type hdd --medium "your_iso_filepath"
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```
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This will attach the storage controller SATA to virtual machine Ubuntu16.04 with the medium i.e., to the virtual disk image which is created.
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Run below commands to add some features like networking setup, audio, etc.
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```
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$ VBoxManage modifyvm Ubuntu10.10 --nic1 nat --nictype1 82540EM --cableconnected1 on
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$ VBoxManage modifyvm Ubuntu10.10 --vram 128 --accelerate3d on --audio alsa --audiocontroller ac97
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```
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Now, start the VM by using the below command by specifying the name of the VM that you wish to start.
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```
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$ VBoxManage startvm Ubuntu16.04
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```
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A new window will be opened where you new VM be booted from your attached file.
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To stop the virtual machine , you can make use of the following command.
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```
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$ VBoxManage controlvm Ubuntu16.04 poweroff
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```
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The ‘controlvm’ command is used to control the state of the virtual machine. Some of the available options are pause / resume / reset / poweroff / savestate / acpipowerbutton / acpisleepbutton. There are many options in controlvm to see all the options available in it, run below command.
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```
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$VBoxManage controlvm
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```
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Conclusion
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In this article we have learned about an awesome tool of Oracle Virtual Box that is VBoxManage, that includes its installation and usage on Ubuntu 16.04 Operating system. The article includes a detailed instructions about its useful commands to create and manage your virtual machines using VBoxManage. Hope you find this much helpful, do not forget to share your comments or suggestions.
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://linuxpitstop.com/install-and-use-command-line-tool-vboxmanage-on-ubuntu-16-04/
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作者：[Kashif][a]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: http://linuxpitstop.com/author/kashif/
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[1]: https://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/Downloads
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@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
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在 Ubuntu 16.04 上安装使用 VBoxManage 以及 VBoxManage 命令行选项的用法
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=================
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VirtualBox 拥有一套命令行工具，然后你可以使用 VirtualBox 的命令行界面 (CLI) 对远端无界面的服务器上的虚拟机进行管理操作。在这篇教程中，你将会学到如何在没有 GUI 的情况下使用 VBoxManage 创建、启动一个虚拟机。VBoxManage 是 VirtualBox 的命令行界面，你可以在你的主机操作系统的命令行中来用它实现对 VirtualBox 的所有操作。VBoxManage 拥有图形化用户界面所支持的全部功能，而且它支持的功能远不止这些。它提供虚拟引擎的所有功能，甚至包含 GUI 还不能实现的那些功能。如果你想尝试不同的用户界面而不仅仅是 GUI，或者更改虚拟机更多高级和实验性的配置，那么你就需要用到命令行。
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当你想要在 VirtualBox 上创建或运行虚拟机时，你会发现 VBoxManage 非常有用，你只需要使用远程主机的终端就够了。这对于服务器来说是一种常见的情形，因为在服务器上需要进行虚拟机的远程操作。
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### 准备工作
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在开始使用 VBoxManage 的命令行工具前，确保在运行着 Ubuntu 16.04 的服务器上，你拥有超级用户的权限或者你能够使用 sudo 命令，而且你已经在服务器上安装了 Oracle Virtual Box。 然后你需要安装 VirtualBox 扩展包，这是运行远程桌面环境，访问无界面启动虚拟机所必须的。（headless的翻译拿不准，翻译为无界面启动）
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### 安装 VBoxManage
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通过 [Virtual Box Download Page][1] 这个链接，你能够获取你所需要的软件扩展包的最新版本，扩展包的版本和你安装的 VirtualBox 版本需要一致！
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也可以用下面这条命令来获取 VBoxManage 扩展。
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```
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$ wget http://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/5.0.20/Oracle_VM_VirtualBox_Extension_Pack-5.0.20-106931.vbox-extpack
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```
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运行下面这条命令，确认 VBoxManage 已经成功安装在你的机器上。
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```
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$ VBoxManage list extpacks
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```
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### 在 Ubuntu 16.04 上使用 VBoxManage
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接下来我们将要使用 VBoxManage 向你展现通过命令行终端工具来新建和管理虚拟机是多么的简单。
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运行下面的命令，新建一个将用来安装 Ubuntu 系统的虚拟机。
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```
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# VBoxManage createvm --name Ubuntu16.04 --register
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```
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在运行了这条命令之后，VBoxMnage 将会新建一个叫 做“Ubuntu16.vbox” 的虚拟机，这个虚拟机的位置是家目录路径下的 “VirtualBox VMs/Ubuntu16/Ubuntu16.04.vbox”。在上面这条命令中，“createvm” 是用来新建虚拟机，“--name” 定义了虚拟机的名字，而 “registervm” 命令是用来注册虚拟机的。
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现在，使用下面这条命令为虚拟机创建一个硬盘镜像。
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```
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$ VBoxManage createhd --filename Ubuntu16.04 --size 5124
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```
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这里，“createhd” 用来创建硬盘镜像，“--filename” 用来指定虚拟机的名称，也就是创建的硬盘镜像名称。“--size” 表示硬盘镜像的空间容量，空间容量的单位总是 MB。我们指定了 5Gb，也就是 5124 MB。
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接下来我们需要设置操作系统类型，如果要安装 Linux 系的系统，那么用下面这条命令指定系统类型为 Linux 或者 Ubuntu 或者 Fedora 之类的。
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```
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$ VBoxManage modifyvm Ubuntu16.04 --ostype Ubuntu
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```
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用下面这条命令来设置虚拟系统的内存大小，也就是从主机中分配到虚拟机系统的内存。
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```
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$ VBoxManage modifyvm Ubuntu10.10 --memory 512
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```
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现在用下面这个命令为虚拟机创建一个存储控制器。
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```
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$ VBoxManage storagectl Ubuntu16.04 --name IDE --add ide --controller PIIX4 --bootable on
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```
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这里的 “storagect1” 是给虚拟机创建存储控制器的，“--name” 指定了虚拟机里需要创建、更改或者移除的存储控制器的名称。“--add” 选项指明系统总线类型，可选的选项有 ide / sata / scsi / floppy，存储控制器必须要连接到系统总线。“--controller” 选择主板的类型，主板需要根据需要的存储控制器选择，可选的选项有 LsiLogic / LSILogicSAS / BusLogic / IntelAhci / PIIX3 / PIIX4 / ICH6 / I82078。最后的 “--bootable” 表示控制器是否可以引导。
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上面的命令创建了叫做 IDE 的存储控制器。然后虚拟设备就能通过 “storageattach” 命令连接到控制器。
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然后运行下面这个命令来创建一个叫做 SATA 的存储控制器，它将会连接到硬盘镜像上。
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```
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$ VBoxManage storagectl Ubuntu16.04 --name SATA --add sata --controller IntelAhci --bootable on
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```
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将之前创建的硬盘镜像和 CD/DVD 驱动器加载到 IDE 控制器。将 Ubuntu 的安装光盘插到 CD/DVD 驱动器上。然后用 “storageattach” 命令连接存储控制器和虚拟机。
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```
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$ VBoxManage storageattach Ubuntu16.04 --storagectl SATA --port 0 --device 0 --type hdd --medium "your_iso_filepath"
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```
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用媒体把 SATA 存储控制器连接到 Ubuntu16.04 虚拟机中，也就是之前创建的虚拟硬盘镜像里。
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运行下面的命令添加像网络连接，音频之类的功能。
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```
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$ VBoxManage modifyvm Ubuntu10.10 --nic1 nat --nictype1 82540EM --cableconnected1 on
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$ VBoxManage modifyvm Ubuntu10.10 --vram 128 --accelerate3d on --audio alsa --audiocontroller ac97
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```
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通过指定你想要启动虚拟机的名称，用下面这个命令启动虚拟机。
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```
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$ VBoxManage startvm Ubuntu16.04
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```
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然后会打开一个新窗口，新窗口里虚拟机通过关联文件中引导。
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你可以用接下来的命令来关掉虚拟机。
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```
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$ VBoxManage controlvm Ubuntu16.04 poweroff
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```
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“controlvm” 命令用来控制虚拟机的状态，可选的选项有 pause / resume / reset / poweroff / savestate / acpipowerbutton / acpisleepbutton。controlvm 有很多选项，用下面这个命令来查看它支持的所有选项。
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```
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$VBoxManage controlvm
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```
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完结！
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从这篇文章中，我们了解了 Oracle Virtual Box 中一个十分实用的工具，就是 VBoxManage，包含了 VBoxManage 的安装和在 Ubuntu 16.04 系统上的使用。文章包含详细的教程， 通过 VBoxManage 中实用的命令来创建和管理虚拟机。希望这篇文章对你有帮助，另外别忘了分享你的评论或者建议。
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://linuxpitstop.com/install-and-use-command-line-tool-vboxmanage-on-ubuntu-16-04/
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作者：[Kashif][a]
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译者：[GitFuture](https://github.com/GitFuture)
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||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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||||
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||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: http://linuxpitstop.com/author/kashif/
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[1]: https://www.virtualbox.org/wiki/Downloads
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