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<img src="https://avatars3.githubusercontent.com/u/5432002?v=3&s=200" align="right" width="100" height="100"></img>
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<font face='黑体' size=6><b><center>Linux中国术语词典</center></b></font>
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<br />
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<font face='微软雅黑' size=3><b><center>[Linux中国](http://www.linux.cn)出品</center></b></font>
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****************************************************
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****************************************************
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<font face='微软雅黑'><b>本词典为规范Linux中国翻译组(LCTT)技术术语翻译而编写,同时也方便广大翻译志愿者查阅。限于编写者的水平,其中可能有不完善或疏漏的地方,希望广大翻译志愿者不吝指正。同时,希望广大翻译志愿者能提供相关术语的翻译供大家参考。另外,若在翻译过程中对某些术语有疑虑,可在我们的QQ专门群中进行讨论。在此,谨代表LCTT感谢各位志愿者的辛勤劳动和无私奉献。</b></font>
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<font face='微软雅黑' size=3><b><p align='right'>LCTT翻译组</p></b></font>
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****************************************************
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|
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#### A ####
|
||||
### 1. APM:高级电源管理
|
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### 2.
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#### B ####
|
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### 1. Backbone:骨干
|
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>是一个网络的一部分,其作为所有网络运输的一个基本通道,其需要非常高的带宽。一个骨干网络的服务提供者连接许多企业子网和较小服务提供者的网络。一个企业骨干网络连接许多局域网和数据中心。
|
||||
|
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### 2. B channel(Bearer channel):承载信道
|
||||
>承载信道(Bearer Channel),也叫做B channel,是一个全双工DS0时间槽(64-kbps),其携带模拟语音或数字资料通过综合服务数字网(ISDN)。
|
||||
|
||||
### 3. Backchannel:反向通道
|
||||
>是指当其他实时在线会话在进行中时,习惯使用网络化的计算机来维持一个实时的在线会话。
|
||||
|
||||
### 4. Back End:后台
|
||||
>在一个计算机系统中,是指为一个前台作业提供服务的一个节点或软件程序。前台直接影响用户,后台可能与其他系统相连接,如数据库和其它系统。
|
||||
|
||||
### 5. Back-haul:回程线路
|
||||
>是一个通信信道,它使携带信息流到远于最终目的地的地方,然后将它送回。这样做是因为传输到更远的远程区域的代价要远比直接发送的代价低地多。
|
||||
|
||||
### 6. Backoff:退避
|
||||
>是指当一个主机已经在有MAC 协议的网络中经历了一个冲突之后试图去重发之前的等待时期。这个退避时间通常是任意的来最小化相同节点再次冲突的可能性。在每次冲突后增加退避时期也能帮助预防重复碰撞,特别当这个网络负担很重时。
|
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|
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### 7. Backplane:附加卡
|
||||
>在许多网络中是一个物理接口模块,例如,连接在一个界面处理器或卡和在一个总线机箱内数据总线和功率分配总线之间的一个路由器或转换器。
|
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|
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### 8. Back Pressure:背压
|
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>在计算机系统中,是指网络拥塞信息逆流通过一个Internet网络。
|
||||
|
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### 9. Balun(balanced-unbalanced):不平衡变压器
|
||||
>意味着平衡-非平衡。不平衡变压器是一个设计用来转换平衡和不平衡之间的电信号的设备。
|
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|
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### 10. Baseband:基带
|
||||
>是一种类型的网络技术,在那里仅仅一种载波频率被使用。在一个基带网中,信息在传送介质中以数字的形式被携带在一个单一的多元信号通道中。
|
||||
|
||||
### 11. Bastion Host:防御主机
|
||||
>是在内部网络和外部网络之间的一个网关,它被设计来防御针对内部网络的攻击。这个系统在非武装区(DMZ)的公共一边,不被防火墙或过滤路由器保护,它对攻击是完全暴露的。
|
||||
|
||||
### 12: Bc(Committed Burst):约定资讯讯务
|
||||
>是一个用在帧中继系统的术语,是一个帧中继交互网约定接受和传输和通过一个帧中继网络数据链路控制(DLC)和一个特殊的时帧的最大数据量(用比特表示)。
|
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|
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### 13. BCP(Best Current Practices):最优现行方法
|
||||
>是副系列的IETF RFCs,其被用于描述在Internet上的最优配置技术。
|
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|
||||
### 14. BCU(Balanced Configuration Unit):平衡配置单元
|
||||
>是一个综合的IBM解决方法,它由软件和硬件组成。BCUs是综合的和测试作为数据仓库系统的预配置功能块。
|
||||
|
||||
### 15. BECN(Backward Explicit Congestion Notification):显式拥塞通知
|
||||
>是在帧中继报头的一个1比特域,其发信号到任何接收帧的事物(转换器和数据终端设备),拥塞就发生在帧的反面(后面)。帧中继转换器和数据终端设备可能遵照显式拥塞通知位来减慢那个方向的数据传输率。
|
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|
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### 16. BER(Bit Error Rate):误码率
|
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>是接收到的位包含错误的比率。BER通常被表示成十足的负面力量。
|
||||
|
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### 17. BIP(Bit Interleaved Parity):位交叉奇偶校验
|
||||
>一个用在ATM中的术语,是一个通常用来检测链接错误的一种方法。一个检测位或字被嵌入到以前发生阻塞或帧的链接中。位错误在有效载荷中能够作为维护信息被删除和报告。
|
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|
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#### C ####
|
||||
|
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#### D ####
|
||||
### 1. daemon:守护进程
|
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### 2.
|
||||
#### F ####
|
||||
|
||||
#### G ####
|
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|
||||
#### H ####
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### 1. Home Directory:家目录
|
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#### I ####
|
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|
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#### J ####
|
||||
|
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#### K ####
|
||||
|
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#### L ####
|
||||
### 1. LTS(Long Term Support):长期支持
|
||||
>该缩写词多见于操作系统发行版或者软件发行版名称中,表明该版本属于长期支持版。
|
||||
|
||||
#### M ####
|
||||
|
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#### N ####
|
||||
|
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#### O ####
|
||||
|
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#### P ####
|
||||
### 1.P-code(Pseudo-code):伪代码语言
|
||||
>一种解释型语言,执行方式介于编译型语言和解释型语言之间。和解释型语言一样,伪代码编程语言无需编译,在执行时自动转换成二进制形式。然而,和编译型语言不同的是,这种可执行的二进制文件是以伪代码的形式而不是机器语言的形式存储的。伪代码语言的例子有 Java、Python 和 REXX/Object REXX。
|
||||
|
||||
### 2. PAM(Pluggable Authentication Modules):可插拔认证模块
|
||||
>用于系统安全性的可替换的用户认证模块,它允许在不知道将使用何种认证方案的情况下进行编程。这允许将来用其它模块来替换某个模块,却无需重写软件。
|
||||
|
||||
### 3. Port/Ported/Porting:移植
|
||||
>一个过程,即获取为某个操作系统平台编写的程序,并对其进行修改使之能在另一 OS 上运行,并且具有类似的功能。
|
||||
|
||||
### 4. POSIX(Portable Operating System Interface for uniX):UNIX 可移植操作系统接口
|
||||
>一组编程接口标准,它们规定如何编写应用程序源代码以便应用程序可在操作系统之间移植。POSIX 基于 UNIX,它是 The Open Group 的 X/Open 规范的基础。
|
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|
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#### Q ####
|
||||
|
||||
#### R ####
|
||||
### 1. RCS(Revision Control System):修订控制系统
|
||||
>一组程序,它们控制组环境下文件的共享访问并跟踪文本文件的变化。常用于维护源代码模块的编码工作。
|
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|
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### 2. RFS(Remote File Sharing):远程文件共享
|
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>一个程序,它让用户访问其它计算机上的文件,就好象文件在用户的系统上一样。
|
||||
|
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#### S ####
|
||||
### 1. shebang [ʃɪ'bæŋ]:释伴
|
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>Shebang(也称为Hashbang)是一个由井号和叹号构成的字符序列(#!),出现在文本文件的第一行的前两个字符,后跟解释器路径,如:#!/bin/sh,这通常是Linux中shell脚本的标准起始行。
|
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>长期以来,shebang都没有正式的中文名称。Linux中国翻译组将其翻译为:释伴,即解释伴随行的简称,同时又是shebang的音译。
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### 2. Spool(Simultaneous Peripheral Operation On-Line):假脱机
|
||||
>将数据发送给一个程序,该程序将该数据信息放入队列以备将来使用(例如,打印假脱机程序)
|
||||
|
||||
### 2. Steganography:隐写术
|
||||
>将一段信息隐藏在另一段信息中的做法。一个示例是在数字化照片中放置不可见的数字水印。
|
||||
|
||||
### 3. Swap:交换
|
||||
>暂时将数据(程序和/或数据文件)从随机存取存储器移到磁盘存储器(换出),或反方向移动(换入),以允许处理比物理内存所能容纳的更多的程序和数据。
|
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|
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#### T ####
|
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### 1. Time-sharing:分时
|
||||
>一种允许多个用户分享处理器的方法,它以时间为基础给每个用户分配一部分处理器资源,按照这些时间段轮流运行每个用户的进程。
|
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|
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### 2. TL;DR:长篇摘要
|
||||
>Too Long;Didn't Read的缩写词,即太长,未阅的意思。该词多见于互联网社区论坛中,用于指出该文太长,没有阅读,或者标示出一篇长文章的摘要。在论坛回复中,该缩写词也多作为灌水用。因此,Linux中国翻译组将其翻译为:长篇摘要。
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#### U ####
|
||||
|
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#### V ####
|
||||
### 1. VRML(Virtual Reality Modeling Language):虚拟现实建模语言
|
||||
>一种主要基于 Web 的语言,用于 3D 效果(如构建遍历)。
|
||||
|
||||
#### W ####
|
||||
### 1. Wrapper:封装器
|
||||
>用于启动另一个程序的程序。
|
||||
|
||||
#### X ####
|
||||
|
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#### Y ####
|
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|
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#### Z ####
|
@ -0,0 +1,401 @@
|
||||
想找点激烈的游戏?那就试试这 13 款 Roguelike 游戏吧!
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
Roguelike 是角色扮演游戏的一个子类。从字面上看,它的意思是 “像 Rogue 的游戏”。Rogue 是一个关于地下城冒险的视频游戏,于 1980 年第一次发行,以极其上瘾而著称。这个游戏的目标是取得深藏于第 26 层的 "Amulet of Yendor",再返回到顶层逃出生天。
|
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|
||||
Roguelike 的准确定义并不存在,但这类游戏通常具有下面的特点:
|
||||
|
||||
- 奇幻的叙事背景;
|
||||
- 用程序产生关卡。游戏中的绝大多数场景在开始新的游戏时由游戏自动创建。这样做是为了鼓励玩家不断重玩;
|
||||
- 回合制的地下城探险和战斗;
|
||||
- 随机生成的基于贴片的图形环境;
|
||||
- 随机发生战斗;
|
||||
- 永久死亡 :在游戏中,死亡真的存在,一旦你的角色死了,那就真的结束了;
|
||||
- 高难度。
|
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|
||||
这篇文章精心挑选了一些可运行在 Linux 平台下的 roguelike 游戏。假如你喜欢激烈、易上瘾的游戏,可以尝试这 13 款游戏。不要因它们原始的画质而退缩,一旦你沉浸其中,你将很快忘记画面的简陋。所有的这些都可以免费下载,并且几乎所有的游戏都是在开源协议下发行的。
|
||||
|
||||
----------
|
||||
|
||||
###Dungeon Crawl Stone Soup
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://www.linuxlinks.com/portal/content/reviews/Games/Screenshot-Dungeon1.png)
|
||||
|
||||
Dungeon Crawl Stone Soup 是一个开源的,单用户角色扮演类的 roguelike 游戏,玩家要在遍布危险而充满敌意的怪兽的地下城中进行探险和寻找宝藏,并在任务中拯救传说中的神秘 Zot 宝珠。
|
||||
|
||||
Dungeon Crawl Stone Soup 是 Linley 开发的 Dungeon Crawl 游戏的延续。它是公开开发的,并邀请 Crawl 社区的人员来参与其中。
|
||||
|
||||
Dungeon Crawl 有着超棒且深层次的战术游戏环节,创新的魔法和信仰系统,以及数量宏大的和你战斗的怪兽。Crawl 也是最难以攻陷的 roguelike 游戏之一。当你最终在游戏中通关,将胜利宣言张贴在 rec.games.roguelike.misc 时,你才会知道这有多么令人骄傲!
|
||||
|
||||
特点包括:
|
||||
|
||||
- 丰富多彩的、富含深层次战术的 roguelike 游戏;
|
||||
- 手绘地图;
|
||||
- 无数的金库;
|
||||
- 漂亮的界面;
|
||||
- 创新的魔法和信仰系统;
|
||||
- 各种神灵,角色,物品和聪明的怪兽;
|
||||
|
||||
- 网站: [crawl.develz.org][1]
|
||||
- 开发者: Stone Soup 开发小组
|
||||
- 协议: Crawl General Public License
|
||||
- 版本号: 0.15.2
|
||||
|
||||
----------
|
||||
|
||||
###Dwarf Fortress
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://www.linuxlinks.com/portal/content/reviews/Games/Screenshot-DwarfFortress.png)
|
||||
|
||||
Dwarf Fortress 是一个单人魔幻游戏,与 NetHack 类似。你可以在一个随机生成的持久的世界中,控制一个矮人哨兵或一个冒险者。
|
||||
|
||||
这个游戏的特色有:三种游戏模式(矮人要塞,冒险者,传说模式),一个独特的随机生成的世界(由地形,野生生物和传奇生物等组成), 阴森的战斗机制以及各种邪恶鱼群。
|
||||
|
||||
特点包括:
|
||||
|
||||
- 在这个世界里,你想玩多久都可以。可以经历许多次游戏,记录历史事件,对更改进行跟踪等;
|
||||
- 当你扮演的矮人在山群中寻找宝藏时,你可以对他们下达命令
|
||||
- 用各种材料来手工制作珍宝、物品,并可以用贵重金属、宝石等来改进它们;
|
||||
- 通过各种手段保护你自己,防御来自敌对文明的袭击;
|
||||
- 支持贵族,他们会管理你的民众
|
||||
- 让你的矮人高兴起来,了解他们工作和休闲时的想法;
|
||||
- 不同的 Z 坐标可以使你在多个层级上建造你的堡垒。建立塔台或征服地下深处;
|
||||
- 建立水闸来灌溉作物或用水淹没你的对手;
|
||||
- 扮演一个探险者并进行探索,为荣誉而战或复仇
|
||||
- 与以前的游戏中的对手相遇;
|
||||
- 在你经过的旅途中营救小城里的人们;
|
||||
- 没有繁琐的情节,只需要探索;
|
||||
- 无缝连接的漫游游戏世界-总共达到 197376 x 197376 平方 -可以在区域地图上更快速地穿行;
|
||||
- 接受小镇或文明社会的领导所委托的任务;
|
||||
- 可以找到你以前的角色,以一个新的角色带上他们来一场新的冒险,或者直接重新激活并使用他们;
|
||||
- 通过 Z 轴使得你可以在各个地下城的不同层级间和结构间平滑的上下移动来和对手战斗;
|
||||
- 战斗模式是通过技巧、身体部位、搏斗、在不同区域间蓄势和躲避,体验流血、疼痛,恶心及其他感受;
|
||||
- 一个动态的天气模型跟踪风,湿度及空气流动,以创造冷暖气流锋面、风、暴风雨雪;
|
||||
- 超过 200 种岩石和矿物类型被引入到了游戏世界,它们被放置在合适的地理环境中;
|
||||
- 通过可更改的文本文件来添加生物,武器,植物,金属和其他对象;
|
||||
- 以 16 色(包括黑色)渲染的扩展 ASCII 字符集,以及 8 种背景颜色(包括黑色);
|
||||
|
||||
- 网站: [www.bay12games.com/dwarves/][2]
|
||||
- 开发者: Tarn Adams
|
||||
- 协议: 免费软件
|
||||
- 版本号: 0.40.19
|
||||
|
||||
----------
|
||||
|
||||
###Ancient Domains of Mystery
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://www.linuxlinks.com/portal/content/reviews/Games2/Screenshot-ADOM.png)
|
||||
|
||||
Ancient Domains of Mystery (ADOM) 是一个 rogue-like 游戏,从 1994 年至今一直在不断开发。
|
||||
|
||||
它是一个包含复杂地下城的单用户游戏。你控制一个用种族、类别、属性、技巧和装备等描述的虚构角色。这个虚构角色正尝试着达到一个特定的目标(参考下面的介绍)并在一个困难的任务中取胜。为了完成任务,你必须在以前没有发现的隧道和地下城中探险,和丑陋的怪兽战斗,解开一系列遗忘的秘密,并找到宝藏。
|
||||
|
||||
在游戏期间,你在每次游戏时随机生成的各层地下城中探索。你也可能遇到某个特定的关卡,其中有着特定的挑战或者围绕某个特定主题而生成。
|
||||
|
||||
特点包括:
|
||||
|
||||
- 拥有上百个地点的巨大游戏世界,例如城堡、随机生成的地下城、主题寺庙、墓地、古代遗迹、塔台和其他名胜;
|
||||
- 各种各样的种族(矮人、drakeling、雾精灵、hurthling、兽人、巨魔、ratling 等等)(LCTT注:种族信息可以参考[这里](http://ancardia.wikia.com/wiki/Race) 和丰富的职业(战士、 元素法师、 刺客、 混沌骑士,决斗士等等)带来无限的游戏乐趣;
|
||||
- 上百个怪兽和物品,其中的许多带有随机的增强特性;
|
||||
- 迫使你在对力量的欲望和对诅咒的恐惧之间进行权衡的腐败体系;
|
||||
- 法术、祈祷、思想技艺、炼金术、手工艺和更多;
|
||||
- 多样的任务和分支故事主线;
|
||||
- 许多完全不同的结局,可能改变现实本身。
|
||||
|
||||
- 网站: [www.adom.de][3]
|
||||
- 开发者: Thomas Biskup
|
||||
- 协议: Postcardware
|
||||
- 版本号: 1.20 Prelease 20
|
||||
|
||||
----------
|
||||
|
||||
###Tales of Maj’Eyal (ToME)
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://www.linuxlinks.com/portal/content/reviews/Games2/Screenshot-ToME.png)
|
||||
|
||||
Tales of Maj’Eyal (ToME) (注:中文译名为 马基埃亚尔的传说) 是一个免费、开源的 roguelike 角色扮演游戏,包含特色的战术回合制战役和先进角色构建。它作为运行在 T-Engine 4.0 中的一个模块而被创造。
|
||||
|
||||
现在处于王权世纪(Age of Ascendancy),在长达一万年的冲突痛苦和混乱之后,我们所知的世界终于进入了一个相对和平的时期。 “魔法大爆裂(Spellblaze)” 留下的影响已经大为减缓, 大地的伤痕也慢慢地开始愈合。在薪火世纪(Age of Pyre)之后,各个文明也纷纷开始重建家园。(注:翻译来源于 [这里](http://www.qiyun.org/zhuanti/majiaiyaerdechuanshuo.htm))
|
||||
|
||||
特点包括:
|
||||
|
||||
- 适合于那些没有 rogueline 体验的玩家;
|
||||
- 同时支持图形界面和 ASCII 模式;
|
||||
- 某些角色拥有多达 40 种的能力;
|
||||
- 天赋系统;
|
||||
- 战役引擎;
|
||||
- 在线的持久状态/成就追踪;
|
||||
- IRC 聊天客户端;
|
||||
- 可扩展,可修改;
|
||||
- 充满激情的音乐;
|
||||
- 可解锁新的种族,类别,起始点,游戏模式和特点等;
|
||||
|
||||
- 网站: [te4.org][4]
|
||||
- 开发者: ToME 开发团队
|
||||
- 协议: GNU GPL v3.0
|
||||
- 版本号: 1.2.5
|
||||
|
||||
----------
|
||||
|
||||
###Cataclysm Dark Days Ahead
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://www.linuxlinks.com/portal/content/reviews/Games2/Screenshot-Cataclysm.png)
|
||||
|
||||
Cataclysm 是一个开源的 “后末世” roguelike 游戏,背景设定在由怪兽和僵尸带来的毁灭性的瘟疫后虚构的新英格兰(New England) 乡村。它是 Whale 开发的原有 Cataclysm 的继续,拓展了更多新的生物,建筑,游戏机制和其他特点。
|
||||
|
||||
尽管有些人描述它为一个 “僵尸游戏”,但 Cataclysm 远比一个“僵尸游戏”包含更多内容。玩家要在一个由程序生成的严酷、持久的世界中艰难生存下去。在一个死寂的文明世界中搜寻剩下的食物和装备,或者假如你足够幸运,搞到一辆装满汽油的汽车逃离 Dodge --这个如地狱一般的地方。从僵尸到巨型昆虫或机器人杀手以及更加奇怪和致命的东西,你要通过战斗来击败它们或逃离,以及和那些想要抢夺你的东西的那些同你一样的人战斗。
|
||||
|
||||
在许多方面上, Cataclysm 与大多数的 roguelike 游戏不同。它被设定在一个没有边界的三维世界里,而不是设定在一个垂直、线性的地下城中。这意味着相比于大多数的 roguel 游戏,探险将占一个更大的比重,而且这个游戏将具有更大的自由度。由于地图是如此的巨大,在每次游戏之间,它可以完全保持原样。假如你死了,并以一个新的角色开始,你的新游戏将会设定在同你最近呆过的游戏世界相同的世界里。同许多 roguelike 游戏一样,你可以获得先前角色的战利品;而与大多数 roguelike 不同的是,你也可以重新踏上先前角色的轨迹,并且对世界做出的任何戏剧性改变将会维持到你的下一次游戏。
|
||||
|
||||
特点包括:
|
||||
|
||||
- 详细的角色创建,提供了数量众多的特性来选择;
|
||||
- 防御模式,这是一个有着快节奏作战的休息模式;
|
||||
- Bionics;类似于在许多其他游戏里的魔法系统;
|
||||
- 基因突变, 有好的和坏的变化;
|
||||
- 无界的,完全随机的世界地图,可以在角色交替时保持不变;
|
||||
- 创造物品
|
||||
- 新的制作方法可能需要通过练习或从书本中获得来磨练你的知识;
|
||||
- 逼真的火、烟和其他动态的地图特效;
|
||||
- 昼/夜循环,需要睡觉。假如你必须的话,可以使用咖啡因来保持更长时间的清醒,但这不健康;
|
||||
- 超过 300 种物品类型,包括众多的现实世界的枪支,药品和工具;
|
||||
- 许多药品是上瘾的,并需要持续使用来避免负面效果;
|
||||
- 通过修补门、窗、建造陷阱和巩固你的家的基石来防止一个僵尸的突然造访;
|
||||
- 能够构建你自己的木屋,包括墙和屋顶;
|
||||
- 可以驾驶在“后末世”发现的汽车兜风;
|
||||
- 这个可以根据你的需求来修改,或甚至你可以自己制造一辆;
|
||||
- 温度系统,太冷或太热都非常危险;
|
||||
- 初步支持贴片界面;
|
||||
- 根据选项生成世界,以及各种编辑方式;
|
||||
|
||||
- 网站: [en.cataclysmdda.com][5]
|
||||
- 作者: Kevin Granade 及其他
|
||||
- 协议: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License
|
||||
- 版本号: 0.B
|
||||
|
||||
----------
|
||||
|
||||
###Goblin Hack
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://www.linuxlinks.com/portal/content/reviews/Games2/Screenshot-GoblinHack.png)
|
||||
|
||||
Goblin Hack 是一个开源 roguelike 游戏,基于 OpenGL 的平滑滚动的ASCII 图形界面。这个游戏受 NetHack 外观的启发,但更加快速且使用更少的按键。
|
||||
|
||||
Goblin Hack 有一个简洁的界面,在今天这个过度强调渲染的游戏世界中,似乎它对所有年龄段的玩家都有吸引力,并启发了这些玩家的想象力。
|
||||
|
||||
在被投进一个随机的正在生成的地下城之前,玩家可以从几个角色类别中选择一个角色。
|
||||
|
||||
特点包括:
|
||||
|
||||
- 令人印象深刻的界面(相比于许多其他的 roguelike 游戏);
|
||||
- 简洁的界面;
|
||||
- 在被投进一个随机的正在生成的第一层地下城之前,玩家可以从几个角色类别中选择一个角色;
|
||||
- 手动保存游戏;
|
||||
|
||||
- 网站: [goblinhack.sourceforge.net][6], [github.com/goblinhack/goblinhack][7]
|
||||
- 作者: Neil McGill
|
||||
- 协议: GNU GPL v2
|
||||
- 版本号: 1.19
|
||||
|
||||
----------
|
||||
|
||||
###SLASH'EM
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://www.linuxlinks.com/portal/content/reviews/Games2/Screenshot-SlashEM.png)
|
||||
|
||||
Super Lotsa Added Stuff Hack - Extended Magic (SLASH'EM) 是一个角色扮演游戏,在其中你控制一个单独的角色。SLASH'EM 是 NetHack 的一个变种。它拥有一个和 Rogue、ADOM、Anghand 及 NetHack 相似的界面和游戏玩法。你通过键盘来控制角色的动作,以一个俯视的视角来查看这个世界。
|
||||
|
||||
背景: Amulet of Yendor 已被偷走,不仅如此,偷走 amulet 的 Wizard of Yendor(坏蛋)似乎深藏于 Dungeons of Doom(危险的地方)。
|
||||
|
||||
特点包括:
|
||||
|
||||
- 提供额外的特色、怪兽和项目;
|
||||
- 新颖的特点包括僧人职业和类似推箱子的关卡;
|
||||
- 主地下城比在 NetHack 中的要大很多;
|
||||
|
||||
- 网站: [www.slashem.org][8]
|
||||
- 开发者: Slash'EM 开发团队
|
||||
- 协议: MIT License, NetHack General Public License
|
||||
- 版本号: 0.0.7E7F3
|
||||
|
||||
----------
|
||||
|
||||
###NetHack
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://www.linuxlinks.com/portal/content/reviews/Games/Screenshot-NetHack.jpg)
|
||||
|
||||
NetHack 是一个极简,但又非常吸引人的具有地下城与龙风格的冒险游戏。“net”元素指的是它的发展已经根据网络进行了调整,“hack”元素指的是角色扮演游戏的一种类型,以乱砍、猛砍著称,着眼于战斗。
|
||||
|
||||
在 NetHack 中,你扮演凶猛的战士、巫师或许多其他职业中的一种,一路战斗着,为你的神灵获取 Amulet of Yendor(可以说这是一个倒退!)。在这个过程中,你可能会遇到一个或两个 quantum mechanic(LCTT 译注:从[这里](http://nethack.wikia.com/wiki/Quantum_mechanic)得知,这指的是一种怪兽),或者可能遇到一个小型的太空舰队,抑或是 —— 假如你*足够*幸运会遇到 —— Ravenous Bugblatter Beast of Traal。(LCTT 译注:我参考了[这里](http://nethack.wikia.com/wiki/Douglas_Adams))。
|
||||
|
||||
特点包括:
|
||||
|
||||
- 45-50 个关卡, 其中的大多数随机生成;
|
||||
- 各种各样的物品:武器、盔甲、卷轴、药水、戒指、宝石和各种各样的工具,如钥匙和灯;
|
||||
- 祝福和诅咒;
|
||||
- 永久死亡: 若没有对当前的保存文件进行备份,失效的角色就找不回来了;
|
||||
- 界面:
|
||||
- 文本模式;
|
||||
- 图形化界面, 使用 X、Qt 工具集或 GNOME 库;
|
||||
|
||||
- 网站: [www.nethack.org][9]
|
||||
- 开发者: NetHack 开发团队
|
||||
- 协议: NetHack 通用公共许可证
|
||||
- 版本号: 3.4.3
|
||||
|
||||
----------
|
||||
|
||||
###Ascii Sector
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://www.linuxlinks.com/portal/content/reviews/Games2/Screenshot-AsciiSector.png)
|
||||
|
||||
Ascii Sector 是一个免费的太空战斗/探险/交易游戏,它基于经典的电脑游戏 `Wing Commander: Privateer`,后者由 Origine Systems 公司于 1993 年发布。
|
||||
|
||||
在 Ascii Sector 中,刚开始你将驾驶一艘简易的飞船,然后可以通过接受任务或者贩卖物品来挣得足够多的钱以升级你的飞船或重新再买一艘。不管是在太空中,还是在地面上,抑或是在飞船上,你可以专注于致命的战斗;并且通过使用 Ascii Sector 的脚本语言,你还可以为游戏创造自己的任务或享受其他玩家创造的任务。
|
||||
|
||||
特点包括:
|
||||
|
||||
- 使用 ANSI 字符集生成图形界面;
|
||||
- 真正的深入到游戏中;
|
||||
- 提供各种基地,任务,商品和飞船;
|
||||
- 飞船型号包括: Broadsword, Centurion, Demon, Dralthi, Drayman, Galaxy, Gladius, Gothri, Kamekh, Nexus, Orion, Paradign, Stileto, Talon, Tarsus 和 Ulysses;
|
||||
- 四个象限: Alizarin, Crimson, Mauve, 和 Viridian;
|
||||
- 可下载的任务;
|
||||
- 任务可用脚本编辑;
|
||||
- Ascii Sector 任务语言,在 Ascii Sector 宇宙中创造你自己的故事;
|
||||
- 可以袭击或抢劫星球上的 NPC(非玩家控制角色);
|
||||
- 可以到处移动的持久性舰队、可以改变系统的控制、引来敌人的舰队、回基地修复或重建;
|
||||
- 可以登录系统受损的飞船;
|
||||
- 可下载高质量的音乐文件;
|
||||
|
||||
- 网站: [www.asciisector.net][10]
|
||||
- 开发者: Christian Knudsen
|
||||
- 协议: 免费软件
|
||||
- 版本号: 0.7.1.4
|
||||
|
||||
----------
|
||||
|
||||
###Angband
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://www.linuxlinks.com/portal/content/reviews/Games2/Screenshot-Angband.png)
|
||||
|
||||
Angband 是一个免费、单用户、使用 ASCII 字符图形化的地下城探险游戏,在其中你将以一个冒险者的角色探索一个深深的地下城,与怪兽战斗,获得你能取得的最好武器,准备着与黑暗之主 Morgoth 的最后决战。从上世纪九十年代开始,它一直在持续地开发着。
|
||||
|
||||
Angband 沿袭了 Rogue 和 NetHack 的风格路线。它由 Moria 和 Umoria 游戏衍生而来,基于 Rogue 回合制。它经常被描述为一个 “roguelike”游戏,因为它的外观和游戏体验与 Rogue 非常相似。很多游戏中的新生物、物品都来自 J.R.R Tolkien 的画作,尽管有些野兽直接来源于经典的神话、龙与地下城、Rolemaster,或 Angband 的原开发者的脑海中。
|
||||
|
||||
特点包括:
|
||||
|
||||
- 100 层地下城;
|
||||
- 随机产生的新关卡;
|
||||
- 可以选择成为人类、半精灵、精灵、霍比特人、地精、矮人,半兽人,半巨魔, 登丹人 ,高等精灵,或者狗头人;
|
||||
- 神器;
|
||||
- 施法;
|
||||
- 怪物;
|
||||
- 怪物坑;
|
||||
- 怪物巢穴;
|
||||
|
||||
- 网站: [rephial.org][11]
|
||||
- 开发者: Angband 开发小组
|
||||
- 协议: GNU GPL v2
|
||||
- 版本号: 3.5.0
|
||||
|
||||
----------
|
||||
|
||||
###UnNetHack
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://www.linuxlinks.com/portal/content/reviews/Games2/Screenshot-UnNetHack.png)
|
||||
|
||||
UnNetHack 是 NetHack 的一个分支版本。NetHack 最开始于 1987 年发行,并且许多游戏玩家认为它是计算机世界所能提供的最好游戏体验的游戏之一。
|
||||
|
||||
特点包括:
|
||||
|
||||
- 增加了许多针对 NetHack 的增强,如额外的怪兽、更多的关卡、许多新的元素、更多的危险、更具挑战性的游戏,以及最重要的,相比普通的 NetHack,它更具娱乐性;
|
||||
- 帮助新手开始的教程;
|
||||
|
||||
- 网站: [sourceforge.net/apps/trac/unnethack][12]
|
||||
- 作者: Patric Mueller
|
||||
- 协议: Nethack General Public License
|
||||
- 版本号: 5.1.0
|
||||
|
||||
----------
|
||||
|
||||
###Hydra Slayer
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://www.linuxlinks.com/portal/content/reviews/Games2/Screenshot-HydraSlayer.png)
|
||||
|
||||
Hydra Slayer 是一个专注于杀死九头蛇的开源 Roguelike 游戏。它受到了希腊神话、地下城探险、MathRL seven day roguelike ,和一些关于勇者杀死多头野兽的数字谜题等启发。
|
||||
|
||||
特点如下:
|
||||
|
||||
- 独特的游戏机制;
|
||||
- 混合希腊神话和数字迷宫的主题;
|
||||
- 传统的 roguelike ASCII 字符界面或贴片/3D 界面;
|
||||
- 5 种人物角色,具有极为不同的战术、力量及弱点;
|
||||
- 28 种敌人类型:
|
||||
- 10 种基本的九头蛇类型(每种类型都有两种变种);
|
||||
- 8 种特殊类型的敌人;
|
||||
- 可用作战术工具的无害蘑菇;
|
||||
- 28 种装备(并包括材料和装备的大小/力量的变种);
|
||||
- 15 种武器材料;
|
||||
- 18 种非装备物品;
|
||||
- 3 种可供选择的地图;
|
||||
- 8 种关卡拓扑结构(包括莫比乌斯带和克莱因瓶);
|
||||
- 11 个关卡生成器;
|
||||
- 2 种结局;
|
||||
|
||||
- 网站: [www.roguetemple.com/z/hydra][13]
|
||||
- 开发者: Zeno Rogue
|
||||
- 协议: GNU GPL v2
|
||||
- 版本号: 16.1
|
||||
|
||||
----------
|
||||
|
||||
###Brogue
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://www.linuxlinks.com/portal/content/reviews/Games2/Screenshot-Brogue.png)
|
||||
|
||||
Brogue 是一个开源的 Roguelike 游戏,它可以运行在 Mac OS X, Windows, Linux, iOS 和 Android 等平台下。
|
||||
|
||||
Brogue 是 Rogue 的一个直系分支,后者是一个最早由 Michael Toy 和 Glenn Wichman 于 1980 年左右开发的地下城探险视频游戏。与其他受欢迎的现代 Roguelike 游戏不同, Brogue 追求简单而不是复杂性,同时尽力确保游戏的不同组成之间的联系是有趣且纷繁多彩。
|
||||
|
||||
这个游戏的目标是取得深藏于地下第 26 层的 "Amulet of Yendor",再返回到地面逃出生天。对于那些技术娴熟且想进一步探险的人来说,位于 26 层之下的每层均包含 3 颗 lumenstone (流明石)(LCTT 译注:此处与我在[这里](http://brogue.wikia.com/wiki/Lumenstone)看到的有些出入),获得它们,将在胜利的基础上被授予额外的得分。
|
||||
|
||||
Brogue 是一个富有挑战性的游戏,但玩起来非常有趣。尽量不要因游戏的高难度而灰心;试玩一段时间之后,你会发现它变得非常吸引人。
|
||||
|
||||
特点如下:
|
||||
|
||||
- 追求简单而非复杂;
|
||||
- 对用户友好;
|
||||
- 相比于 Rogue, Brogue 关卡生成更加复杂;
|
||||
- 移除了 XP 和 水平系统 ;
|
||||
- 陷阱,防护性物品;
|
||||
- 额外的怪兽类型和魔法物品;
|
||||
|
||||
- 网站: [sites.google.com/site/broguegame][14]
|
||||
- 作者: Brian Walker
|
||||
- 协议: GNU Affero GPL
|
||||
- 版本号: 1.7.3
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.linuxlinks.com/article/201412031524381/RoguelikeGames.html
|
||||
|
||||
作者:Frazer Kline
|
||||
译者:[FSSlc](https://github.com/FSSlc)
|
||||
校对:[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://crawl.develz.org/
|
||||
[2]:http://www.bay12games.com/dwarves/index.html
|
||||
[3]:http://www.adom.de/
|
||||
[4]:http://te4.org/
|
||||
[5]:http://en.cataclysmdda.com/
|
||||
[6]:http://goblinhack.sourceforge.net/
|
||||
[7]:https://github.com/goblinhack/goblinhack
|
||||
[8]:http://www.slashem.org/
|
||||
[9]:http://www.nethack.org/
|
||||
[10]:http://www.asciisector.net/
|
||||
[11]:http://rephial.org/
|
||||
[12]:http://sourceforge.net/apps/trac/unnethack/
|
||||
[13]:http://www.roguetemple.com/z/hydra/
|
||||
[14]:lhttps://sites.google.com/site/broguegame/
|
@ -0,0 +1,150 @@
|
||||
PHP 5.5 / PHP5.6 / PHP-NG 和 HHVM 哪个性能更好?
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
**长篇摘要:在一个基于Vagrant的本地环境中,可能是某个错误的原因,导致HHVM测试结果很差;在HHVM伙伴们协助下,该原因仍在研究中!然而,在DigitalOcean的一个4GB虚拟机中,HHVM甚至盖过了最新版的PHP-NG的风头!**
|
||||
|
||||
![](https://kinsta.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/phphhvm.jpg)
|
||||
|
||||
**结论:它们反映出HHVM的功效更佳(在JIT热启动后),虽然出于某些原因,我们不能在所有装备中获取这些结果。**
|
||||
|
||||
如果你记得我们[在几个月前写过一篇文章][1],那时WordPress 3.9表明是完全支持HHVM的,当时是那么令我们欢欣鼓舞。最初的基准测试结果显示,HHVM要比驱动着当前所有PHP构建的Zend引擎高级得多。后来,问题就出来了:
|
||||
|
||||
- HHVM只能以单个用户运行,这意味着(在共享环境中)安全性差了
|
||||
- HHVM在崩溃后不会自动重启,而不幸的是,它至今仍然经常发生
|
||||
- HHVM在启动时使用大量内存,虽然,它和同规模的PHP-FPM比较,单个请求的内存使用量更低
|
||||
|
||||
很显然,你不得不根据你的(或者更确切地说是你的站点)的需求采取折中方案,然而这值得吗?切换到HHVM后,你期望获得多少性能改善呢?
|
||||
|
||||
在Kinsta,我们真的想要测试所有新技术,并通常会优化这一切来为我们的客户提供最佳的环境。今天,我最终花了点时间来配置测试环境并进行了一些测试来对比两个不同的构建,一个是全新出炉的WordPress安装,另外一个则添加了大量内容的WooCommerce!为了计量脚本的运行时间,我只是简单地添加了
|
||||
|
||||
<?php timer_stop(1); ?>
|
||||
|
||||
这一行到footer.php的/body标记前。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
这里是配置环境的详情:
|
||||
|
||||
- DigitalOcean 4GB 雨滴容器 (2 CPU核心, 4GB RAM)
|
||||
- Ubuntu 14.04, MariaDB10
|
||||
- 测试站点: 已导入演示内容的Munditia主题,WooCommerce 2.1.12 & WordPress 3.9.1
|
||||
- PHP 5.5.9, PHP 5.5.15, PHP 5.6.0 RC2, PHP-NG (20140718-git-6cc487d)和HHVM 3.2.0 (版本是PHP 5.6.99-hhvm)
|
||||
|
||||
**没有进一步大费周章,这些就是我的测试结果,数值越低越好,以秒为单位:**
|
||||
|
||||
### DigitalOcean 4GB 雨滴容器 ###
|
||||
|
||||
单位是秒,运行10次,越低越好
|
||||
|
||||
这里有一个canvas的数据,发布的时候需要截一个图
|
||||
|
||||
看起来似乎PHP-NG在它首次运行后就获得了峰值性能!HHVM需要更多几次重载,但是它们的性能貌似差不多!我等不及PHP-NG合并到开发主干了!:)
|
||||
|
||||
一分钟命中数,越高越好。
|
||||
|
||||
这里有一个canvas的数据,发布的时候需要截一个图
|
||||
|
||||
**PHP 5.5.15禁用OpCache**
|
||||
|
||||
- 执行: **236 hits**
|
||||
- 可用性: 100.00 %
|
||||
- 消耗时间: 59.03 secs
|
||||
- 传输的数据: 2.40 MB
|
||||
- 回应时间: 2.47 secs
|
||||
- 执行率: 4.00 trans/sec
|
||||
- 吞吐量: 0.04 MB/sec
|
||||
- 并发数: 9.87
|
||||
- 成功的执行: 236
|
||||
- 失败的执行: 0
|
||||
- 最长执行: 4.44
|
||||
- 最短执行: 0.48
|
||||
|
||||
**PHP 5.5.15启用OpCache**
|
||||
|
||||
- 执行: **441 hits**
|
||||
- 可用性: 100.00 %
|
||||
- 消耗时间: 59.55 secs
|
||||
- 传输的数据: 4.48 MB
|
||||
- 回应时间: 1.34 secs
|
||||
- 执行率: 7.41 trans/sec
|
||||
- 吞吐量: 0.08 MB/sec
|
||||
- 并发数: 9.91
|
||||
- 成功的执行: 441
|
||||
- 失败的执行: 0
|
||||
- 最长执行: 2.19
|
||||
- 最短执行: 0.64
|
||||
|
||||
**PHP 5.6 RC2禁用OpCache**
|
||||
|
||||
- 执行: **207 hits**
|
||||
- 可用性: 100.00 %
|
||||
- 消耗时间: 59.87 secs
|
||||
- 传输的数据: 2.10 MB
|
||||
- 回应时间: 2.80 secs
|
||||
- 执行率: 3.46 trans/sec
|
||||
- 吞吐量: 0.04 MB/sec
|
||||
- 并发数: 9.68
|
||||
- 成功的执行: 207
|
||||
- 失败的执行: 0
|
||||
- 最长执行: 3.65
|
||||
- 最短执行: 0.54
|
||||
|
||||
**PHP 5.6 RC2启用OpCache**
|
||||
|
||||
- 执行: **412 hits**
|
||||
- 可用性: 100.00 %
|
||||
- 消耗时间: 59.03 secs
|
||||
- 传输的数据: 4.18 MB
|
||||
- 回应时间: 1.42 secs
|
||||
- 执行率: 6.98 trans/sec
|
||||
- 吞吐量: 0.07 MB/sec
|
||||
- 并发数: 9.88
|
||||
- 成功的执行: 412
|
||||
- 失败的执行: 0
|
||||
- 最长执行: 1.93
|
||||
- 最短执行: 0.34
|
||||
|
||||
**HHVM 3.2.0(版本是PHP 5.6.99-hhvm)**
|
||||
|
||||
- 执行: **955 hits**
|
||||
- 可用性: 100.00 %
|
||||
- 消耗时间: 59.69 secs
|
||||
- 传输的数据: 9.18 MB
|
||||
- 回应时间: 0.62 secs
|
||||
- 执行率: 16.00 trans/sec
|
||||
- 吞吐量: 0.15 MB/sec
|
||||
- 并发数: 9.94
|
||||
- 成功的执行: 955
|
||||
- 失败的执行: 0
|
||||
- 最长执行: 0.85
|
||||
- 最短执行: 0.23
|
||||
|
||||
**PHP-NG启用OpCache(构建: Jul 29 2014)**
|
||||
|
||||
- 执行: **849 hits**
|
||||
- 可用性: 100.00 %
|
||||
- 消耗时间: 59.88 secs
|
||||
- 传输的数据: 8.63 MB
|
||||
- 回应时间: 0.70 secs
|
||||
- 执行率: 14.18 trans/sec
|
||||
- 吞吐量: 0.14 MB/sec
|
||||
- 并发数: 9.94
|
||||
- 成功的执行: 849
|
||||
- 失败的执行: 0
|
||||
- 最长执行: 1.06
|
||||
- 最短执行: 0.13
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**注意:这里节略了前一次的测试结果(有误),如感兴趣请访问原文查看。**
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://kinsta.com/blog/real-world-wordpress-benchmarks-with-php5-5-php5-6-php-ng-and-hhvm/
|
||||
|
||||
作者:[Mark Gavalda][a]
|
||||
译者:[GOLinux](https://github.com/GOLinux)
|
||||
校对:[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:https://kinsta.com/blog/author/kinstadmin/
|
||||
[1]:https://kinsta.com/blog/hhvm-and-wordpress/
|
@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
|
||||
如何在Ubuntu 14.04上安装轻量级web服务器Cherokee
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
**Cherokee** 是一个免费,开源,高性能轻量级的全功能web服务器,支持大部分主流操作系统(Linux、 Mac OS X、 Solaris 和 BSD)。它支持TLS/SSL、FastCGI、 SCGI、 PHP、 uWSGI、 SSI、 CGI、 LDAP、 HTTP代理、 视频流处理、 内容缓存、 流量控制、 虚拟主机、Apache兼容的日志文件,以及负载均衡等功能。
|
||||
|
||||
今天我们介绍一下怎样在Ubuntu Server 14.04 LTS安装和配置轻量级的web服务器Cherokee,只需要注意修改软件源列表,同样适用于Ubuntu12.04,12.10和13.04。
|
||||
|
||||
在Ubuntu Server上逐步安装和配置Cherokee
|
||||
|
||||
### 1. 更新Ubuntu软件包索引 ###
|
||||
|
||||
首先登陆Ubuntu Server,执行以下命令,更新Ubuntu Server的软件源并安装可用的更新。
|
||||
|
||||
sudo apt-get update
|
||||
|
||||
sudo apt-get upgrade
|
||||
|
||||
### 2. 加入 PPA ###
|
||||
|
||||
通过运行以下命令增加Cherokee的PPA
|
||||
|
||||
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:cherokee-webserver
|
||||
|
||||
sudo apt-get update
|
||||
|
||||
对于运行14.04版本的服务器还需要执行以下步骤
|
||||
|
||||
cd /etc/apt/sources.list.d
|
||||
|
||||
nano cherokee-webserver-ppa-trusty.list
|
||||
|
||||
用`deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/cherokee-webserver/ppa/ubuntu saucy main` 替换 `deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/cherokee-webserver/ppa/ubuntu trusty main`
|
||||
|
||||
**再次运行命令:**
|
||||
|
||||
sudo apt-get update
|
||||
|
||||
### 3. 使用apt-get安装Cherokee ###
|
||||
|
||||
使用如下命令安装Cherokee和SSL模块
|
||||
|
||||
sudo apt-get install cherokee cherokee-admin cherokee-doc libcherokee-mod-libssl libcherokee-mod-streaming libcherokee-mod-rrd
|
||||
|
||||
### 4. 配置Cherokee ###
|
||||
|
||||
重启Cherokee服务:
|
||||
|
||||
sudo service cherokee start
|
||||
|
||||
使用Cherokee最大的好处就是能通过一个简单易用的web界面 cherokee-admin 来管理所有的配置选项。推荐通过浏览器来管理Cherokee。使用如下命令启动cherokee-admin
|
||||
|
||||
sudo cherokee-admin
|
||||
|
||||
**注意: cherokee-admin 会显示用户名,一次性密码和web管理界面地址。**
|
||||
|
||||
**请记录下这个一次性密码,登录到管理界面时需要它。**
|
||||
|
||||
默认情况下,只能通过localhost访问Cherokee-admin,如果需要通过其它网络地址来访问,可以使用‘**-b**’参数。如果不指定任何IP地址,Cherokee-admin会自动监听所有网络端口。然后就可以通过网络访问Cherokee-admin
|
||||
|
||||
sudo cherokee-admin -b
|
||||
|
||||
通过指定IP地址访问Cherokee-admin
|
||||
|
||||
sudo cherokee-admin -b 192.168.1.102
|
||||
|
||||
### 5. 浏览cherokee-admin面板 ###
|
||||
|
||||
在你喜欢的浏览器中输入地址`http://主机名或 IP 地址:9090/`就可以进入控制面板了。例如我的是http://127.0.0.1:9090/,在浏览器中显示如下图
|
||||
|
||||
![cherokee-admin-panel](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/cherokee-admin.png)
|
||||
|
||||
好了,到这里我们已经成功地在Ubuntu Server上安装和配置了Cherokee。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://linoxide.com/ubuntu-how-to/install-cherokee-lightweight-web-server-ubuntu-14-04/
|
||||
|
||||
作者:[Arun Pyasi][a]
|
||||
译者:[ictlyh](https://github.com/ictlyh)
|
||||
校对:[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://linoxide.com/author/arunp/
|
@ -1,15 +1,15 @@
|
||||
C语言数据类型是如何被大多数计算机系统所支持?
|
||||
---------
|
||||
========================
|
||||
|
||||
#问题:
|
||||
###问题:
|
||||
|
||||
在读K&R版的*The C Programming Language*一书时,我在[介绍,第3页]看到这样一条说明:
|
||||
在读K&R版的*The C Programming Language*一书时,我在[介绍,第3页]看到这样一条说明:
|
||||
|
||||
>因为C语言提供的数据类型和控制结构可以直接被大部分计算机系统所支持,所以在实现自包含程序时所需要的运行库文件一般很小。
|
||||
>**因为C语言提供的数据类型和控制结构可以直接被大部分计算机系统所支持,所以在实现自包含程序时所需要的运行库文件一般很小。**
|
||||
|
||||
这段黑体说明了什么?能找到一个例子来说明C语言中的某种数据类型或控制结构并不能被一种计算机系统所支持呢?
|
||||
这段黑体说明了什么?能否找到一个例子来说明C语言中的某种数据类型或控制结构不被某种计算机系统直接支持呢?
|
||||
|
||||
#回答:
|
||||
###回答:
|
||||
|
||||
事实上,C语言中确实有不被直接支持的数据类型。
|
||||
|
||||
@ -31,13 +31,13 @@ return _float_add(x, y);
|
||||
|
||||
另一个常见的例子是64位整型数(C语言标准中'long long'类型是1999年之后才出现的),这种类型在32位系统上也不能直接使用。古董级的SPARC系统则不支持整型乘法,所以在运行时必须提供乘法的实现。当然,还有一些其它例子。
|
||||
|
||||
##其它语言
|
||||
####其它语言
|
||||
|
||||
相比起来,其它编程语言有更加复杂的基本类型。
|
||||
|
||||
比如,Lisp中的symbol需要大量的运行时实现支持,就像Lua中的tables、Python中的strings、Fortran中的arrays,等等。在C语言中等价的类型通常要么不属于标准库(C语言没有标准symbols或tables),要么更加简单,而且并不需要那么多的运行时支持(C语言中的array基本上就是指针,以NULL结尾的字符串实现起来也很简单)。
|
||||
比如,Lisp中的symbol需要大量的运行时实现支持,就像Lua中的table、Python中的string、Fortran中的array,等等。在C语言中等价的类型通常要么不属于标准库(C语言没有标准symbol或table),要么更加简单,而且并不需要那么多的运行时支持(C语言中的array基本上就是指针,以NULL结尾的字符串实现起来也很简单)。
|
||||
|
||||
##控制结构
|
||||
####控制结构
|
||||
|
||||
异常处理是C语言中没有的一种控制结构。非局部的退出只有'setjmp()'和'longjmp()'两种,只能提供保存和恢复某些部分的处理器状态。相比之下,C++运行时环境必须先遍历函数调用栈,然后调用析构函数和异常处理函数。
|
||||
|
||||
@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ via:[stackoverflow](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/27977522/how-are-c-data-t
|
||||
|
||||
作者:[Dietrich Epp][a]
|
||||
译者:[KayGuoWhu](https://github.com/KayGuoWhu)
|
||||
校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
校对:[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
|
||||
tespeed - 测试网速的Python工具
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
许多电脑呆子知道可以用**speedtest.net**测试网速,但是这个不能在测试中给你足够的控制。Linux用户喜欢在终端中输入命令来完成任务,至少对我是这样的。
|
||||
许多电脑呆子知道可以用**speedtest.net**测试网速,但是这个不能在测试中给你足够的控制。Linux用户喜欢在终端中输入命令来完成任务,至少我就是这样的。
|
||||
|
||||
tespeed是一款有很多特性的python工具,可以在终端在测试网速。根据文档,它利用了speedtest.net的服务器,但是用户可以手动指定。
|
||||
tespeed是一款有很多特性的python工具,可以在终端在测试网速。根据文档说明,它利用了speedtest.net的服务器,但是用户可以手动指定。
|
||||
|
||||
最初作者用php语言写了tespeed工具,并且证明了ISP提供的网络远低于它广告中所说的那样。但是事情并不是一直如它们想的那样,因此作者移植他的php脚本到python中并且他的工具在github中已经有180个star了。
|
||||
最初作者用php语言写了tespeed工具,并且证明了ISP提供的网络远低于它广告中所说的那样。但是事情并不是一直如他们想的那样,因此作者移植他的php脚本到python中,并且他的工具在github中已经有180个star了。
|
||||
|
||||
这意味着**alot**。
|
||||
It means **alot**。
|
||||
|
||||
### 如何在linux中测试tespeed ###
|
||||
|
||||
@ -23,11 +23,11 @@ tespeed是一款有很多特性的python工具,可以在终端在测试网速
|
||||
|
||||
wget http://sourceforge.net/projects/socksipy/files/socksipy/SocksiPy%201.00/SocksiPy.zip/
|
||||
|
||||
下载完成后 解压**SocksiPy.zip**病运行下面的命令来克隆tespeed仓库到你本地机器中。
|
||||
下载完成后 解压**SocksiPy.zip**并运行下面的命令来克隆tespeed仓库到你本地机器中。
|
||||
|
||||
git clone https://github.com/Janhouse/tespeed.git
|
||||
|
||||
接着把SocksiPy文件夹放到你克隆下来的tespeed项目中。现在我们要像截图那样在SocksPy中的**__init__.py**下面创建一个空文件。
|
||||
接着把SocksiPy文件夹放到你克隆下来的tespeed项目中。现在我们要像截图那样在SocksiPy中的创建一个叫**__init__.py**的空文件。
|
||||
|
||||
![simple trick to make tespeed work](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/tespeed1.png)
|
||||
|
||||
@ -39,9 +39,9 @@ tespeed是一款有很多特性的python工具,可以在终端在测试网速
|
||||
|
||||
![testing download and upload speed with tespeed python application](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/tespeed2.png)
|
||||
|
||||
在tespeed中有很多选项,如**-ls**来现实服务器,**-p**来指定代理服务器, **-s**来阻止调试(STDERR)输出, 还有很多我们会在本教程中探索。
|
||||
在tespeed中有很多选项,如**-ls**来列出服务器,**-p**来指定代理服务器, **-s**来阻止调试(STDERR)输出, 还有很多我们会在本教程中探索。
|
||||
|
||||
如果你想要结果现实成MB,你可以在**python tespeed.py** 后面接上选项 **-mib**。
|
||||
如果你想要结果显示成MB,你可以在**python tespeed.py** 后面接上选项 **-mib**。
|
||||
|
||||
python tespeed.py -mib
|
||||
|
||||
@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ tespeed是一款有很多特性的python工具,可以在终端在测试网速
|
||||
|
||||
### 总结 ###
|
||||
|
||||
=tespeed的确是一款帮助用户在终端中测试上传和下载速度的高性能python脚本。它支持很多的选项并且你可以指定列表中你想使用的服务器。继续使用tespeed并在留言区写下你们的体验吧。
|
||||
tespeed的确是一款帮助用户在终端中测试上传和下载速度的高性能python脚本。它支持很多的选项并且你可以指定列表中你想使用的服务器。继续使用tespeed并在留言区写下你们的体验吧。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
@ -69,7 +69,7 @@ via: http://linoxide.com/tools/tespeed-python-tool-test-internet-speed/
|
||||
|
||||
作者:[Oltjano Terpollari][a]
|
||||
译者:[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
|
||||
校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
校对:[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
@ -1,13 +1,13 @@
|
||||
如何在CentOS/RHEL中安装机遇Web监控的Linux-dash
|
||||
如何在CentOS/RHEL中安装基于Web的监控系统 linux-dash
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
**Linux-dash**是一款为Linux设计的基于web的轻量级监控面板。这个程序会显示实时时间、不同的系统属性,比如CPU负载、RAM使用率、磁盘使用率、网速、网络连接、RX/TX带宽、登录用户、运行的进程等等。它不会存储长期的统计。因为它没有后端数据库。
|
||||
**Linux-dash**是一款为Linux设计的基于web的轻量级监控面板。这个程序会实时显示各种不同的系统属性,比如CPU负载、RAM使用率、磁盘使用率、网速、网络连接、RX/TX带宽、登录用户、运行的进程等等。它不会存储长期的统计。因为它没有后端数据库。
|
||||
|
||||
本篇文章将会向你展示如何安装和设置Linux dash,这里的web服务器是**Nginx**.
|
||||
本篇文章将会向你展示如何安装和设置Linux dash,这里所使用的web服务器是**Nginx**.
|
||||
|
||||
### 安装 ###
|
||||
|
||||
首先我们要启用[EPEL 仓库][1]。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**接下来,我们需要用下面的命令安装nginx。**
|
||||
|
||||
sudo yum install nginx
|
||||
@ -59,7 +59,7 @@
|
||||
|
||||
sudo vim /etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf
|
||||
|
||||
**确保设置了“listn”,“user”和“group”字段。你可以保留下面的配置不变。**
|
||||
**确保设置了如下的“listen”,“user”和“group”字段。你可以保留其它的配置不变。**
|
||||
|
||||
. . .
|
||||
listen = /var/run/php-fpm.sock
|
||||
@ -73,25 +73,25 @@
|
||||
sudo cp -r linux-dash/ /var/www/
|
||||
sudo chown -R nginx:nginx /var/www
|
||||
|
||||
**接下来,重启 Nginx和php-fpm**
|
||||
**接下来,重启 Nginx和php-fpm。**
|
||||
|
||||
sudo service nginx restart
|
||||
sudo service php-fpm restart
|
||||
|
||||
**设置nginx和php-fpm开机自动启动**
|
||||
**设置nginx和php-fpm开机自动启动。**
|
||||
|
||||
sudo chkconfig nginx on
|
||||
sudo chkconfig php-fpm on
|
||||
|
||||
在本例中,我们使用TCP端口8080配置linux-dash。因此确保防火墙没有阻止8080 TCP端口。
|
||||
在本例中,我们使用TCP端口8080配置linux-dash。因此需确保防火墙没有阻止8080 TCP端口。
|
||||
|
||||
### 用linux-dash监控Linux服务器 ###
|
||||
|
||||
你现在可以在浏览器中输入**http://<linux-IP-address>:8080/linux-dash/**来访问Linux-dash。
|
||||
你现在可以在浏览器中输入**http://\<IP地址>:8080/linux-dash/**来访问Linux-dash。
|
||||
|
||||
web面板包含了不同的组件,每个都显示独特的系统属性。你可以自定义web面板的外观也可以关闭一些组件。
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/Lin-dash.png)
|
||||
![](http://1102047360.rsc.cdn77.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/Lin-dash.png)
|
||||
|
||||
美好的一天!
|
||||
|
||||
@ -104,9 +104,9 @@ via: http://www.unixmen.com/install-linux-dash-web-based-monitoring-system-cento
|
||||
|
||||
作者:[Jijo][a]
|
||||
译者:[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
|
||||
校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
校对:[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://www.unixmen.com/author/jijo/
|
||||
[1]:http://www.unixmen.com/install-epel-repository-centos-rhel-7/
|
||||
[1]:http://linux.cn/article-2324-1.html
|
@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
|
||||
在Ubuntu 14.04 中修复无法修复回收站[快速提示]
|
||||
在Ubuntu 14.04 中修复无法清空回收站的问题
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
![](http://itsfoss.itsfoss.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/empty-the-trash.jpg)
|
||||
|
||||
### 问题 ###
|
||||
|
||||
**无法在Ubuntu 14.04中清空回收站的问题**。我右键回收站图标并选择清空回收站,就像我一直做的那样。我看到进度条显示删除文件中过了一段时间。但是它停止了,并且Nautilus文件管理也停止了。我不得不在终端中停止了它。
|
||||
**我遇到了无法在Ubuntu 14.04中清空回收站的问题**。我右键回收站图标并选择清空回收站,就像我一直做的那样。我看到进度条显示删除文件中过了一段时间。但是它停止了,并且Nautilus文件管理也停止了。我不得不在终端中停止了它。
|
||||
|
||||
但是这很痛苦因为文件还在垃圾箱中。并且我反复尝试清空后窗口都冻结了。
|
||||
|
||||
@ -18,7 +18,7 @@
|
||||
|
||||
这里注意你的输入。你使用超级管理员权限来运行删除命令。我相信你不会删除其他文件或者目录。
|
||||
|
||||
上面的命令会删除回收站目录下的所有文件。换句话说,这是用命令清空垃圾箱。使用玩上面的命令后,你会看到垃圾箱已经清空了。如果你删除了所有文件,你不应该在看到Nautilus崩溃的问题了。
|
||||
上面的命令会删除回收站目录下的所有文件。换句话说,这是用命令清空垃圾箱。使用完上面的命令后,你会看到垃圾箱已经清空了。如果你清空了所有文件,你不应该在看到Nautilus崩溃的问题了。
|
||||
|
||||
### 对你有用么? ###
|
||||
|
||||
@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ via: http://itsfoss.com/fix-empty-trash-ubuntu/
|
||||
|
||||
作者:[Abhishek][a]
|
||||
译者:[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
|
||||
校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
校对:[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ Linux 有问必答:如何在Linux 中修复“fatal error: x264.h: No such fil
|
||||
|
||||
[x264][1]是GNU GPL授权的H.264/MPEG-4 AVC编码库。x264库被广泛用于视频编码/转码程序比如Avidemux、[FFmpeg][2]、 [HandBrake][3]、 OpenShot、 MEncode等等。
|
||||
|
||||
要解决这个问题,你需要安装x264的开发库文件。你可以这么做。
|
||||
要解决这个问题,你需要安装x264的开发库文件。你可以如下做。
|
||||
|
||||
###在 Debian、 Ubuntu 或者 Linux Mint 中安装像x264库和开发文件 ###
|
||||
|
||||
@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ RPM Fusion设置完成后,你可以使用下面的命令安装x264开发文件
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo yum --enablerepo=rpmfusion-free install x264-devel
|
||||
|
||||
注意RPM Fusion仓库在CentOS 7中还没有,因此上面的方法在CentOS 7中还不可行。万一是CentOS 7 ,你可以从源码编译并安装x264,下面会解释的。
|
||||
注意RPM Fusion仓库在CentOS 7中还没有,因此上面的方法在CentOS 7中还不可行。万一是CentOS 7 ,你可以从源码编译并安装x264,下面会解释的。
|
||||
|
||||
### 在Debian、 Ubuntu 或者 Linux Mint中源码编译x264库 ###
|
||||
|
||||
@ -81,7 +81,7 @@ x264库将会安装在/usr/local/lib。要让其他程序可以使用这个库
|
||||
via: http://ask.xmodulo.com/fatal-error-x264-h-no-such-file-or-directory.html
|
||||
|
||||
译者:[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
|
||||
校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
校对:[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
|
||||
Ubuntu上的一个开源VoIP应用——Mumble
|
||||
游戏玩家的福音:在 Ubuntu 上安装开源 VoIP 应用 Mumble
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
Mumble是一个自由开源的VoIP应用,遵守New BSD License,主要面向的用户群体是玩家。运行起来类似于TeamSpeak和Ventrilo,用户通过连接到同一个服务器来实现相互通讯。
|
||||
Mumble是一个自由开源的VoIP应用,在新的 BSD 许可证下发布,主要面向的用户群体是游戏玩家。运行起来类似于TeamSpeak和Ventrilo,用户通过连接到同一个服务器来实现相互通讯。
|
||||
|
||||
Mumble提供了如下的一些特性:
|
||||
Mumble提供了如下的漂亮特性:
|
||||
|
||||
- 低延迟,这点对游戏相当重要
|
||||
- 提供游戏中的可视插件,通过它你可以知道是谁正在和你通话并定位他们的位置
|
||||
@ -30,11 +30,11 @@ Mumble提供了如下的一些特性:
|
||||
|
||||
![mumble q1](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/mumble-q1.jpg)
|
||||
|
||||
选择“是”开机自动启动mumble,接着它会询问你是否运行高性能模式以保持低延迟,为了让它保持最佳性能这是个不错的主意。
|
||||
选择“是”让服务器开机时自动启动mumble,接着它会询问你是否运行高优先级模式以保持低延迟,为了让它保持最佳性能这是个不错的主意。
|
||||
|
||||
![mumble q2](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/mumble-q2.jpg)
|
||||
|
||||
接着为你刚安装好的mumble服务端设置最高权限用户的密码,记住密码它会在登录时用到。
|
||||
接着为你刚安装好的mumble服务端设管理员用户的密码,记住这个密码,它会在登录时用到。
|
||||
|
||||
![mumble q3](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/mumble-q3.jpg)
|
||||
|
||||
@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ Mumble提供了如下的一些特性:
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get install mumble
|
||||
|
||||
第一次运行mumble时,导向将会帮助你配置音频的输入输出,使其能在客户端上保持最好的效果。第一次同样也会询问你要使用的是什么声音设备和麦克风:
|
||||
第一次运行mumble时,配置向导将会帮助你配置音频的输入输出,使其能在客户端上保持最好的效果。第一次同样也会询问你要使用的是什么声音设备和麦克风:
|
||||
|
||||
![mumble client 1](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/mumble-client-1.jpg)
|
||||
|
||||
@ -52,15 +52,15 @@ Mumble提供了如下的一些特性:
|
||||
|
||||
![mumble client 2](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/mumble-client-2.jpg)
|
||||
|
||||
因为mumble帮你加密所有的通讯内容所以它会征询你创建证书:
|
||||
因为mumble会帮你加密所有的通讯内容所以它会要求你创建证书:
|
||||
|
||||
![mumble client 3](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/mumble-client-3.jpg)
|
||||
|
||||
完成导向后你就能添加第一个服务器,连接对话框如下图所示:
|
||||
完成配置向导后你就能添加第一个服务器,连接对话框如下图所示:
|
||||
|
||||
![mumble add server](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/mumble-add-server.jpg)
|
||||
|
||||
首先输入一个标签,名字任意因为那只不过是为了记住服务器的,然后输入服务器的地址和端口,最后使用“SuperUser”作为用户名而密码则是你配置mumble服务器端时输入的密码。
|
||||
首先输入一个标签,名字任意因为那只不过是为了记住服务器的,然后输入服务器的地址和端口,最后使用“SuperUser”作为用户名,而密码则是你配置mumble服务器端时输入的密码。
|
||||
|
||||
现在你可以连接到服务器了,在联网玩游戏或与你好友、队友聊天开黑时享受这些功能给你带来的乐趣吧!
|
||||
|
||||
@ -69,8 +69,8 @@ Mumble提供了如下的一些特性:
|
||||
via: http://linoxide.com/ubuntu-how-to/install-mumble-ubuntu/
|
||||
|
||||
作者:[Adrian Dinu][a]
|
||||
译者:[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
译者:[martin2011qi](https://github.com/martin2011qi)
|
||||
校对:[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
@ -15,13 +15,13 @@ MariaDB是MySQL社区开发的分支,也是一个增强型的替代品。它
|
||||
|
||||
现在,让我们迁移到MariaDB吧!
|
||||
|
||||
**以测试为目的**让我们创建一个叫**linoxidedb**的示例数据库。
|
||||
让我们创建一个叫**linoxidedb**的**用于测试的**示例数据库。
|
||||
|
||||
使用以下命令用root账户登陆MySQL:
|
||||
|
||||
$ mysql -u root -p
|
||||
|
||||
输入mysql root用户的密码后,你将进入**mysql的命令行**
|
||||
输入mysql 的 root 用户密码后,你将进入**mysql的命令行**
|
||||
|
||||
**创建测试数据库:**
|
||||
|
||||
@ -54,7 +54,8 @@ MariaDB是MySQL社区开发的分支,也是一个增强型的替代品。它
|
||||
$ mysqldump: Error: Binlogging on server not active
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/mysqldump-error.png)
|
||||
mysqldump error
|
||||
|
||||
*mysqldump error*
|
||||
|
||||
为了修复这个错误,我们需要对**my.cnf**文件做一些小改动。
|
||||
|
||||
@ -68,7 +69,7 @@ mysqldump error
|
||||
|
||||
![configuring my.cnf](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/configuring-my.cnf_.png)
|
||||
|
||||
好了在保存并关闭文件后,我们需要重启一下mysql服务。运行以下命令重启:
|
||||
好了,在保存并关闭文件后,我们需要重启一下mysql服务。运行以下命令重启:
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo /etc/init.d/mysql restart
|
||||
|
||||
@ -77,17 +78,18 @@ mysqldump error
|
||||
$ mysqldump --all-databases --user=root --password --master-data > backupdatabase.sql
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/crearing-bakup-file.png)
|
||||
dumping databases
|
||||
|
||||
*dumping databases*
|
||||
|
||||
上面的命令将会备份所有的数据库,把它们存储在当前目录下的**backupdatabase.sql**文件中。
|
||||
|
||||
### 2. 卸载MySQL ###
|
||||
|
||||
首先,我们得把**my.cnt文件挪到安全的地方去**。
|
||||
首先,我们得把**my.cnf文件挪到安全的地方去**。
|
||||
|
||||
**注**:my.cnf文件将不会在你卸载MySQL包的时候被删除,我们这样做只是以防万一。在MariaDB安装时,它会询问我们是保持现存的my.cnf文件,还是使用包中自带的版本(即新my.cnf文件)。
|
||||
**注**:在你卸载MySQL包的时候不会自动删除my.cnf文件,我们这样做只是以防万一。在MariaDB安装时,它会询问我们是保持现存的my.cnf文件,还是使用包中自带的版本(即新my.cnf文件)。
|
||||
|
||||
在shell或终端中输入如下命令来备份my.cnt文件:
|
||||
在shell或终端中输入如下命令来备份my.cnf文件:
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo cp /etc/mysql/my.cnf my.cnf.bak
|
||||
|
||||
@ -111,7 +113,7 @@ dumping databases
|
||||
|
||||
![adding mariadb repo](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/adding-repo-mariadb.png)
|
||||
|
||||
键值导入并且添加完仓库后你就可以用以下命令安装MariaDB了:
|
||||
键值导入并且添加完仓库后,你就可以用以下命令安装MariaDB了:
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get update
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get install mariadb-server
|
||||
@ -120,7 +122,7 @@ dumping databases
|
||||
|
||||
![my.conf configuration prompt](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/my.conf-configuration-prompt.png)
|
||||
|
||||
我们应该还没忘记在MariaDB安装时,它会问你是使用现有的my.cnf文件,还是包中自带的版本。你可以使用以前的my.cnf也可以用包中自带的。即使你想直接使用新的my.cnf文件,你依然可以晚点将以前的备份内容还原进去(别忘了我们已经将它复制到安全的地方那个去了)。所以,我们直接选择了默认的选项“N”。如果需要安装其他版本,请参考[MariaDB官方仓库][2]。
|
||||
我们应该还没忘记在MariaDB安装时,它会问你是使用现有的my.cnf文件,还是包中自带的版本。你可以使用以前的my.cnf也可以用包中自带的。即使你想直接使用新的my.cnf文件,你依然可以晚点时候将以前的备份内容还原进去(别忘了我们已经将它复制到安全的地方了)。所以,我们直接选择了默认的选项“N”。如果需要安装其他版本,请参考[MariaDB官方仓库][2]。
|
||||
|
||||
### 4. 恢复配置文件 ###
|
||||
|
||||
@ -136,7 +138,7 @@ dumping databases
|
||||
|
||||
就这样,我们已成功将之前的数据库导入了进来。
|
||||
|
||||
来,让我们登陆一下mysql命令行,检查一下数据库是否真的已经导入了:
|
||||
来,让我们登录一下mysql命令行,检查一下数据库是否真的已经导入了:
|
||||
|
||||
$ mysql -u root -p
|
||||
|
||||
@ -152,15 +154,15 @@ dumping databases
|
||||
|
||||
### 总结 ###
|
||||
|
||||
最后,我们已经成功地从MySQL迁移到了MariaDB数据库管理系统。MariaDB比MySQL好,虽然在性能方面MySQL还是比它更快,但是MariaDB的优点在于它额外的特性与支持的许可证。这能够确保它自由开源(FOSS),并永久自由开源,相比之下MySQL还有许多额外的插件,有些不能自由使用代码、有些没有公开的开发进程、有些在不久的将来会变的不再自由开源。如果你有任何的问题、评论、反馈给我们,不要犹豫直接在评论区留下你的看法。谢谢观看本教程,希望那你能喜欢MariaDB。
|
||||
最后,我们已经成功地从MySQL迁移到了MariaDB数据库管理系统。MariaDB比MySQL好,虽然在性能方面MySQL还是比它更快,但是MariaDB的优点在于它额外的特性与支持的许可证。这能够确保它自由开源(FOSS),并永久自由开源,相比之下MySQL还有许多额外的插件,有些不能自由使用代码、有些没有公开的开发进程、有些在不久的将来会变的不再自由开源。如果你有任何的问题、评论、反馈给我们,不要犹豫直接在评论区留下你的看法。谢谢观看本教程,希望你能喜欢MariaDB。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://linoxide.com/linux-how-to/migrate-mysql-mariadb-linux/
|
||||
|
||||
作者:[Arun Pyasi][a]
|
||||
译者:[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
译者:[martin2011qi](https://github.com/martin2011qi)
|
||||
校对:[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
|
||||
如何使用btsync通过网络实现电脑间文件共享
|
||||
如何使用btsync通过网络实现计算机间的文件共享
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
如果你是使用各式设备在网上工作的这类人,我相信你肯定需要一个在不同设备间同步文件及目录的方法,至少是非常渴望有这种功能。
|
||||
如果你是那种使用各式设备在网上工作的人,我相信你肯定需要一个在不同设备间同步文件及目录的方法,至少是非常渴望有这种功能。
|
||||
|
||||
BitTorrent Sync简称btsync,是一个基于BitTorrent(著名P2P文件分享协议)的免费跨平台同步工具。与传统BitTorrent客户端不同的是btsync用于传输加密和访问授权的是不同操作系统及设备中自动生成的键。
|
||||
BitTorrent Sync简称btsync,是一个基于BitTorrent(著名P2P文件分享协议)的免费跨平台同步工具。与传统BitTorrent客户端不同的是,btsync可以在不同操作系统及设备之间加密数据传输和基于自动生成的密钥来授予访问共享文件的权限。
|
||||
|
||||
更具体点,当你想要通过btsync共享一些文件或文件夹,相应的读/写键(所谓的秘密编码)已经创建。这些键将会通过不同的途径例如HTTPS链接,电子邮件,二维码等被分享。一旦两台设备通过一个键配对成功,链接内容将会直接在其间同步。如果没有事先设置,传输将不会有文件大小和速度的限制。你可以在btsync中创建账号,以此来创建和管理通过网络分享的键和文件。
|
||||
更具体点,当你想要通过btsync共享一些文件或文件夹,相应的读/写密钥(所谓的密码)就创建好了。这些密钥可以通过HTTPS链接,电子邮件,二维码等在不同的设备间共享传递。一旦两台设备通过一个密钥配对成功,其所对应的内容将会直接在其间同步。如果没有事先设置,传输将不会有文件大小和速度的限制。你可以在btsync中创建账号,这样你可以通过 web 界面来创建和管理通过网络分享的密钥和文件。
|
||||
|
||||
BitTorrent Sync可以在许多的操作系统上运行,包括Linux,MacOS X,Windows,在 [Android][1]和[iOS][2]上也可以使用。在这里,我们将教你在Linux环境(一台家用服务器)与Windows环境(一台笔记本电脑)之间如何使用BitTorrent Sync来同步文件。
|
||||
|
||||
@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ BitTorrent Sync可以在许多的操作系统上运行,包括Linux,MacOS X
|
||||
|
||||
BitTorrent Sync可以在[项目主页][3]直接下载。由于Windows版本的BitTorrent Syn安装起来十分简单,所以我们假设笔记本上已经安装了。我们把焦点放到Linux服务器上的安装和配置。
|
||||
|
||||
在下载页面中选择你的系统架构,右键相应链接,选择复制连接地址(或者简单的依靠浏览器判断),将链接粘贴到在终端中用wget下载,如下:
|
||||
在下载页面中选择你的系统架构,右键相应链接,复制连接地址(或者类似的功能,不同浏览器可能不同),将链接粘贴到在终端中用wget下载,如下:
|
||||
|
||||
**64位Linux:**
|
||||
|
||||
@ -36,11 +36,11 @@ BitTorrent Sync可以在[项目主页][3]直接下载。由于Windows版本的Bi
|
||||
|
||||
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/bin/btsync
|
||||
|
||||
或者在在该文件夹中运行btsync的二进制文件。我们推荐使用第一种方式,虽需要少量的输入但更容易记忆。
|
||||
或者在该文件夹中运行btsync的二进制文件。我们推荐使用第一种方式,虽需要少量的输入但更容易记忆。
|
||||
|
||||
### 配置Btsync ###
|
||||
### 配置btsync ###
|
||||
|
||||
Btsync带有一个内置的网络服务器被用作其管理接口。想要使用这个接口你需要创建一个配置文件。你可以使用以下命令来创建:
|
||||
btsync带有一个内置的网络服务器,用作其管理接口。想要使用这个接口你需要创建一个配置文件。你可以使用以下命令来创建:
|
||||
|
||||
# btsync --dump-sample-config > btsync.config
|
||||
|
||||
@ -54,19 +54,21 @@ Btsync带有一个内置的网络服务器被用作其管理接口。想要使
|
||||
|
||||
![](https://farm9.staticflickr.com/8599/15895277793_da63841433_b.jpg)
|
||||
|
||||
如果你将来想要优化一下它的配置,可以看一下 /usr/local/bin/btsync 目录下的 README 文件,不过现在我们先继续下面的步骤。
|
||||
|
||||
### 第一次运行btsync ###
|
||||
|
||||
作为一个系统的最高执行者我们需要依赖日志文件!所以在我们启动btsync之前,我们将先为btsync创建一个日志文件。
|
||||
|
||||
# touch /var/log/btsync.log
|
||||
|
||||
最后,让我们开启btsync:
|
||||
最后,让我们启动btsync:
|
||||
|
||||
# btsync --config /usr/local/bin/btsync/btsync.config --log /var/log/btsync.log
|
||||
|
||||
![](https://farm8.staticflickr.com/7288/16327720298_ccf2cbedea_c.jpg)
|
||||
|
||||
现在在你的浏览器中输入正在运行btsync监听的服务器IP地址和端口(我这是192.168.0.15:8888),同意隐私政策,条款和最终用户许可协议:
|
||||
现在在你的浏览器中输入正在运行的btsync所监听的服务器IP地址和端口(我这是192.168.0.15:8888),同意其隐私政策,条款和最终用户许可协议:
|
||||
|
||||
![](https://farm9.staticflickr.com/8597/16327720318_d52551fc44_b.jpg)
|
||||
|
||||
@ -80,33 +82,29 @@ Btsync带有一个内置的网络服务器被用作其管理接口。想要使
|
||||
|
||||
现在这样就够了。在运行接下来的步骤之前,请先在Windows主机(或你想使用的其他Linux设备)上安装BitTorrent Sync。
|
||||
|
||||
### Btsync分享文件 ###
|
||||
### btsync分享文件 ###
|
||||
|
||||
下方的视频将会展示如何在安装Windows8的电脑[192.168.0.106]上分享现有的文件夹。在添加好想要同步的文件夹后,你会得到它的键,通过“Enter a key or link”菜单(上面的图已经展示过了)添加到你安装到的Linux机器上,并开始同步:
|
||||
这个[视频][5](需要翻墙)展示了如何在安装Windows8的电脑[192.168.0.106]上分享现有的文件夹。在添加好想要同步的文件夹后,你会得到它的密钥,通过“Enter a key or link”菜单(上面的图已经展示过了)添加到你安装到的Linux机器上,并开始同步。
|
||||
|
||||
注释:youtube视频
|
||||
<iframe width="615" height="346" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen="" src="http://www.youtube.com/embed/f7kLM0lAqF4?feature=oembed"></iframe>
|
||||
现在用别的设备试试吧;找一个想要分享的文件夹或是一些文件,并通过Linux服务器的网络接口将密钥导入到你安装的“中央”btsync中。
|
||||
|
||||
现在用别的设备试试吧;找一个想要分享的文件夹或是一些文件,并通过Linux服务器的网络接口将键导入到你安装的“核心”btsync中。
|
||||
|
||||
### 使用常规用户开机自动运行btsync ###
|
||||
### 以常规用户开机自动运行btsync ###
|
||||
|
||||
你们可能注意到了,视频中在同步文件时是使用'root'组的用户创建/btsync目录的。那是因为我们使用超级用户手动启动BitTorrent Sync的原因。在通常情况下,你会希望它开机自动使用无权限用户(www_data或是专门为此创建的账户,例如btsync)启动。
|
||||
|
||||
所以,我们创建了一个叫做btsync的用户,并在/etc/rc.local文件(exit 0行前)添加如下字段:
|
||||
所以,我们创建了一个叫做btsync的用户,并在/etc/rc.local文件(exit 0 这一行前)添加如下字段:
|
||||
|
||||
sudo -u btsync /usr/local/bin/btsync/btsync --config /usr/local/bin/btsync/btsync.config --log /var/log/btsync.log
|
||||
|
||||
最后,创建pid文件:
|
||||
|
||||
# touch /usr/local/bin/btsync/.sync//sync.pid
|
||||
# touch /usr/local/bin/btsync/.sync/sync.pid
|
||||
|
||||
并递归更改/usr/local/bin/btsync的所属用户:
|
||||
并递归更改 /usr/local/bin/btsync的所属用户:
|
||||
|
||||
# chown -R btsync:root /usr/local/bin/btsync
|
||||
|
||||
现在重启试试,看看btsync是否正在由预期中的用户运行:
|
||||
Now reboot and verify that btsync is running as the intended user:
|
||||
|
||||
![](https://farm9.staticflickr.com/8647/16327988660_644f6d4505_c.jpg)
|
||||
|
||||
@ -114,7 +112,7 @@ Now reboot and verify that btsync is running as the intended user:
|
||||
|
||||
### 尾注 ###
|
||||
|
||||
如你所见,BitTorrent Sync对你几乎就像一个无服务器的Dropbox。我说“几乎”的原因是:当你在局域网内同步数据时,同步在两个设备之间直接进行。然而如果你想要跨网段同步数据,并且你的设备可能要穿过防火墙的限制来配对,那就只能通过一个提供BitTorrent的第三方中继服务器来完成同步传输。虽然声称传输经过 [AES加密][4],你还是可能遇到不想放生的状况。为了你的隐私着想,务必在你共享的每个文件夹中关掉中继/跟踪选项。
|
||||
如你所见,BitTorrent Sync对你而言几乎就像一个无服务器的Dropbox。我说“几乎”的原因是:当你在局域网内同步数据时,同步在两个设备之间直接进行。然而如果你想要跨网段同步数据,并且你的设备可能要穿过防火墙的限制来配对,那就只能通过一个提供BitTorrent的第三方中继服务器来完成同步传输。虽然声称传输经过 [AES加密][4],你还是可能会遇到不想发生的状况。为了你的隐私着想,务必在你共享的每个文件夹中关掉中继/跟踪选项。
|
||||
|
||||
希望这些对你有用!分享愉快!
|
||||
|
||||
@ -123,8 +121,8 @@ Now reboot and verify that btsync is running as the intended user:
|
||||
via: http://xmodulo.com/share-files-between-computers-over-network.html
|
||||
|
||||
作者:[Gabriel Cánepa][a]
|
||||
译者:[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
译者:[martin2011qi](https://github.com/martin2011qi)
|
||||
校对:[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
@ -133,3 +131,4 @@ via: http://xmodulo.com/share-files-between-computers-over-network.html
|
||||
[2]:https://itunes.apple.com/us/app/bittorrent-sync/id665156116
|
||||
[3]:http://www.getsync.com/
|
||||
[4]:http://www.getsync.com/tech-specs
|
||||
[5]:https://youtu.be/f7kLM0lAqF4
|
@ -2,13 +2,13 @@
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
大家好,今天我们会学习如何在Linux PC或者服务器上找出和删除重复文件。这里有一款工具你可以工具自己的需要使用。
|
||||
|
||||
无论你是否正在使用Linux桌面或者服务器,有一些很好的工具能一帮你扫描系统中的重复文件并删除它们来释放空间。图形界面和命令行界面的都有。重复文件是磁盘空间不必要的浪费。毕竟,如果你的确需要在不同的位置享有同一个文件,你可以使用软链接或者硬链接,这样就可以这样就可以在磁盘的一处地方存储数据了。
|
||||
无论你是否正在使用Linux桌面或者服务器,有一些很好的工具能够帮你扫描系统中的重复文件并删除它们来释放空间。图形界面和命令行界面的都有。重复文件是磁盘空间不必要的浪费。毕竟,如果你的确需要在不同的位置享有同一个文件,你可以使用软链接或者硬链接,这样就可以在磁盘的一个地方存储数据了。
|
||||
|
||||
### FSlint ###
|
||||
|
||||
[FSlint][1] 在不同的Linux发行办二进制仓库中都有,包括Ubuntu、Debian、Fedora和Red Hat。只需你运行你的包管理器并安装“fslint”包就行。这个工具默认提供了一个简单的图形化界面,同样也有包含各种功能的命令行版本。
|
||||
[FSlint][1] 在不同的Linux发行版二进制仓库中都有,包括Ubuntu、Debian、Fedora和Red Hat。只需你运行你的包管理器并安装“fslint”包就行。这个工具默认提供了一个简单的图形化界面,同样也有包含各种功能的命令行版本。
|
||||
|
||||
不要让它让你害怕使用FSlint的图形化界面。默认情况下,它会自动选中Duplicate窗格,并以你的家目录作为搜索路径。
|
||||
不要担心FSlint的图形化界面太复杂。默认情况下,它会自动选中Duplicate窗格,并以你的家目录作为搜索路径。
|
||||
|
||||
要安装fslint,若像我这样运行的是Ubuntu,这里是默认的命令:
|
||||
|
||||
@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ Fedora:
|
||||
|
||||
sudo yum install fslint
|
||||
|
||||
For OpenSuse:
|
||||
OpenSuse:
|
||||
|
||||
[ -f /etc/mandrake-release ] && pkg=rpm
|
||||
[ -f /etc/SuSE-release ] && pkg=packages
|
||||
@ -51,11 +51,11 @@ For OpenSuse:
|
||||
|
||||
![Delete Duplicate files with Fslint](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/delete-duplicates-fslint.png)
|
||||
|
||||
使用按钮来删除任何你要删除的文件,并且可以双击预览。
|
||||
点击按钮来删除任何你要删除的文件,并且可以双击预览。
|
||||
|
||||
完成这一切后,我们就成功地删除你系统中的重复文件了。
|
||||
|
||||
**注意** 的是命令行工具默认不在环境的路径中,你不能像典型的命令那样运行它。在Ubuntu中,你可以在/usr/share/fslint/fslint下找到它。因此,如果你要在一个单独的目录运行fslint完整扫描,下面是Ubuntu中的运行命令:
|
||||
**注意** ,命令行工具默认不在环境的路径中,你不能像典型的命令那样运行它。在Ubuntu中,你可以在/usr/share/fslint/fslint下找到它。因此,如果你要在一个单独的目录运行fslint完整扫描,下面是Ubuntu中的运行命令:
|
||||
|
||||
cd /usr/share/fslint/fslint
|
||||
|
||||
@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ via: http://linoxide.com/file-system/find-remove-duplicate-files-linux/
|
||||
|
||||
作者:[Arun Pyasi][a]
|
||||
译者:[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
|
||||
校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
校对:[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
现在使用[树莓派摄像头模组][1]("raspi cam"),也可以像使用卡片相机那样,给拍摄的照片增加各种各样的图片特效。 raspistill命令行工具,为您的树莓派提供了丰富的图片特效选项,来美化处理你的图片。
|
||||
|
||||
你可以用[这3个命令行工具][2]来[抓取raspicam拍摄的照片或者视频][3],在这文章中将重点介绍其中的raspstill工具。raspstill工具提供了丰富的控制选项来处理图片,比如说:锐度(sharpness)、对比度(contrast)、亮度(brightness)、饱和度(saturation)、ISO、自动白平衡(AWB)、以及图片特效(image effect)等。
|
||||
有[三个命令行工具][2]可以用于[抓取raspicam拍摄的照片或者视频][3],在这文章中将重点介绍其中的raspstill工具。raspstill工具提供了丰富的控制选项来处理图片,比如说:锐度(sharpness)、对比度(contrast)、亮度(brightness)、饱和度(saturation)、ISO、自动白平衡(AWB)、以及图片特效(image effect)等。
|
||||
|
||||
在这篇文章中,将介绍如何使用raspstill工具以及raspicam摄像头模组来控制照片的曝光、AWB以及其他的图片效果。我写了一个简单的python脚本来自动拍摄照片并在这些照片上自动应用各种图片特效。raspicam的帮助文档中介绍了该摄像头模组所支持的曝光模式、AWB和图片特效。总的来说,raspicam一共支持16种图片特效、12种曝光模式以及10种AWB选项。
|
||||
|
||||
@ -27,7 +27,6 @@ Python脚本很简单,如下所示 。
|
||||
time.sleep(0.25)
|
||||
print "End of image capture"
|
||||
|
||||
The Python script operates as follows. First, create three array/list variable for the exposure, AWB and image effects. In the example, we use 2 types of exposure, 3 types of AWB, and 13 types of image effects values. Then make nested loops for applying the value of the three variables that we have. Inside the nested loop, execute the raspistill application. We specify (1) the output filename; (2) exposure value; (3) AWB value; (4) image effect value; (5) the time to take a photo, which is set to 1 second; and (6) the size of the photo, which is set to 640x480px. This Python script will create 78 different versions of a captured photo with a combination of 2 types of exposure, 3 types of AWB, and 13 types of image effects.
|
||||
|
||||
这个脚本完成了以下几个工作。首先,脚本中定义了3个列表,分别用于枚举曝光模式、AWB模式以及图片特效。在这个实例中,我们将使用到2种曝光模式、3种AWB模式以及13种图片特效。脚本会遍历上述3种选项的各种组合,并使用这些参数组合来运行raspistill工具。传入的参数共6个,分别为:(1)输出文件名;(2)曝光模式;(3)AWB模式;(4)图片特效模式;(5)拍照时间,设为1秒;(6)图片尺寸,设为640x480。脚本会自动拍摄78张照片,每张照片会应用不同的特效参数。
|
||||
|
||||
@ -41,7 +40,7 @@ The Python script operates as follows. First, create three array/list variable f
|
||||
|
||||
### 小福利 ###
|
||||
|
||||
除了使用raspistill命令行工具来操控raspicam摄像模组以外,还有其他的方法可以用哦。[Picamera][4]是一个python库,它提供了操控raspicam摄像模组的的API接口,这样就可以便捷地构建更加复杂的应用程序。如果你精通python,那么picamera一定是你项目的好伙伴。picamera已经被默认集成到Raspbian最新版本的的镜像中。当然,如果你用的不是最新的Raspbian或者是使用其他的操作系统版本,你可以通过下面的方法来进行手动安装。
|
||||
除了使用raspistill命令行工具来操控raspicam摄像模组以外,还有其他的方法可以用哦。[Picamera][4]是一个python库,它提供了操控raspicam摄像模组的的API接口,这样就可以便捷地构建更加复杂的应用程序。如果你精通python,那么picamera一定是你的 hack 项目的好伙伴。picamera已经被默认集成到Raspbian最新版本的的镜像中。当然,如果你用的不是最新的Raspbian或者是使用其他的操作系统版本,你可以通过下面的方法来进行手动安装。
|
||||
|
||||
首先,先在你的系统上安装pip,详见[指导][6]。
|
||||
|
||||
@ -57,7 +56,7 @@ via: http://xmodulo.com/apply-image-effects-pictures-raspberrypi.html
|
||||
|
||||
作者:[Kristophorus Hadiono][a]
|
||||
译者:[coloka](https://github.com/coloka)
|
||||
校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
校对:[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
|
||||
如何通过简单的3步恢复Windows7同时删除Ubuntu
|
||||
如何通过简单的3步恢复Windows 7同时删除Ubuntu
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
### 说明 ###
|
||||
|
||||
@ -8,11 +8,11 @@
|
||||
|
||||
那么为什么我现在要写这篇文章呢?
|
||||
|
||||
到目前为止我曾经在很多场合被问到如何从一个装有Windows7或Windows8的双系统中删除Unbuntu系统,因此写这篇文章就变得有意义了。
|
||||
到目前为止我曾经在很多场合被问到如何从一个装有Windows7或Windows8的双系统中删除Ubuntu系统,因此写这篇文章就变得有意义了。
|
||||
|
||||
我在圣诞节期间浏览了人们在我文章中的留言,感觉是时候把缺失的文章写完同时更新一下那些比较老的又需要关注的文章了。
|
||||
|
||||
我打算把一月份剩下的时间都用在这上面。这是第一步。如果你的电脑上安装了Windown7和Ubuntu双系统,同时你不想通过恢复出厂设置的方式恢复Windows7系统,那么请参考该教程。(注意:对于Windows8系统,有一个独立的教程)
|
||||
我打算把一月份剩下的时间都用在这上面。这是第一步。如果你的电脑上安装了Windows7和Ubuntu双系统,同时你不想通过恢复出厂设置的方式恢复Windows7系统,那么请参考该教程。(注意:对于Windows8系统,有一个独立的教程)
|
||||
|
||||
### 删除Ubuntu系统需要的步骤 ###
|
||||
|
||||
@ -24,11 +24,10 @@
|
||||
|
||||
在你开始之前,我建议为你的系统保留一个备份。
|
||||
|
||||
我也建议不要放弃这样的机会也不要使用微软自带的工具。
|
||||
我建议你不要放弃备份的机会,但也不要使用微软自带的工具。
|
||||
|
||||
[点击查看如何使用Macrinum Reflect备份你的驱动][1]
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
如果Ubuntu中有你希望保存的数据,现在就登录进去然后将数据保存到外部硬盘驱动器,USB驱动器或者DVD中。
|
||||
|
||||
### 步骤1 - 删除Grub启动菜单 ###
|
||||
@ -57,7 +56,7 @@
|
||||
|
||||
点击“创建光盘”。
|
||||
|
||||
将光盘留在电脑中重启电脑,当出现从CD中启动的消息的时候按下键盘上的“回车”键。
|
||||
将光盘留在电脑中并重启电脑,当出现从CD中启动的消息的时候按下键盘上的“回车”键。
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-VPSD50bmk2E/VLWftBg7HxI/AAAAAAAAHnM/APVzvPg4rC0/s1600/recoveryoptionschooselanguage.jpg)
|
||||
|
||||
@ -111,13 +110,13 @@
|
||||
|
||||
对于Windows系统来说,我们真正需要的只有驱动器C,所以剩下的是可以删掉的。
|
||||
|
||||
**注意: 注意一下.你的磁盘上可能有恢复分区。 不要删除恢复分区.。它们应该会被标记,将文件系统设置为NTFS或FAT32**
|
||||
**注意: 注意一下.你的磁盘上可能有恢复分区。 不要删除恢复分区。它们应该有专门的卷标,文件系统也许是NTFS或FAT32**
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-8YUE2p5Fj8Q/VLWlHXst6JI/AAAAAAAAHoQ/BJC57d9Nilg/s1600/deletevolume.png)
|
||||
|
||||
在你希望删除的分区上单击右键(例如:root,home和swap分区),然后从弹出的菜单中点击“删除卷”。
|
||||
|
||||
**(不要删除任何NTFS或者FAT32文件系统的分区)**
|
||||
**(不要删除任何NTFS或者FAT32文件系统的分区!)**
|
||||
|
||||
对于剩下的两个分区重复执行上面的操作。
|
||||
|
||||
@ -134,11 +133,12 @@
|
||||
![](http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-pLV5L3CvQ1Y/VLWmh-5SKTI/AAAAAAAAHoc/7sJzITyvduo/s1600/diskmanagement4.png)
|
||||
|
||||
最后一步是扩展Windows以便于将它再变成一个大的分区。
|
||||
|
||||
右键点击Windows分区(C盘),然后选择“扩展卷”。
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-vgmw_N2WZWw/VLWm7i5oSxI/AAAAAAAAHok/k0q_gnIik9A/s1600/extendvolume1.PNG)
|
||||
|
||||
当出现左面的窗口的时候点击“下一步”,
|
||||
当出现左面的窗口的时候点击“下一步”。
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-WLA86V-Au8g/VLWnTq5RpAI/AAAAAAAAHos/6vzjLNkrwRQ/s1600/extendvolume2.PNG)
|
||||
|
||||
@ -165,13 +165,14 @@
|
||||
这就是全部内容。一个致力于Linux的网站刚刚向你展示了如何移除Linux然后用Windows7取而代之。
|
||||
|
||||
有任何疑问可以在下面评论区留言。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.everydaylinuxuser.com/2015/01/how-to-recover-windows-7-and-delete.html
|
||||
|
||||
作者:Gary Newell
|
||||
译者:[Medusar](https://github.com/Medusar)
|
||||
校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
校对:[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
|
||||
Linux 有问必答: 如何在Ubuntu或者Debian中下载和安装ixgbe驱动
|
||||
Linux 有问必答:如何在Ubuntu或者Debian中编译安装ixgbe驱动
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
> **提问**: 我想为我的Intel 10G网卡下载安装最新的ixgbe。我该如何在Ubuntu(或者Debian)中安装ixgbe驱动?
|
||||
> **提问**: 我想为我的Intel 10G网卡下载安装最新的ixgbe驱动。我该如何在Ubuntu(或者Debian)中安装ixgbe驱动?
|
||||
|
||||
Intel的10G网卡(比如,82598、 82599、 x540)由ixgbe驱动支持。现代的Linux发版已经将ixgbe作为一个可加载模块。然而,有些情况你不想要你机器上的已经编译和安装的ixgbe驱动。比如,你想要体验ixbge驱动的最新特性。同样,自带内核中的ixgbe中的一个默认问题是不允许你自定义旭东内核参数。如果你想要完全自动一ixgbe驱动(比如 RSS、多队列、中断阈值等等),你需要手动从源码编译ixgbe驱动。
|
||||
Intel的10G网卡(比如,82598、 82599、 x540)由ixgbe驱动支持。现代的Linux发行版已经带有了ixgbe驱动,通过可加载模块的方式使用。然而,有些情况你希望在你机器上的自己编译安装ixgbe驱动,比如,你想要体验ixbge驱动的最新特性时。同样,内核默认自带的ixgbe驱动中的一个问题是不允许你自定义驱动的参数。如果你想要一个完全定制的ixgbe驱动(比如 RSS、多队列、中断阈值等等),你需要手动从源码编译ixgbe驱动。
|
||||
|
||||
这里是如何在Ubuntu、Debian或者它们的衍生版中下载安装ixgbe驱动。
|
||||
这里是如何在Ubuntu、Debian或者它们的衍生版中下载安装ixgbe驱动的教程。
|
||||
|
||||
### 第一步: 安装前提 ###
|
||||
|
||||
@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ Intel的10G网卡(比如,82598、 82599、 x540)由ixgbe驱动支持。现
|
||||
|
||||
编译之后,你会看到在ixgbe-3.23.2/src目录下创建了**ixgbe.ko**。这就是会加载到内核之中的ixgbe驱动。
|
||||
|
||||
用modinfo命令检查内核模块的信息。注意你需要指定模块的绝对路径(比如 ./ixgbe.ko 或者 /home/xmodulo/ixgbe/ixgbe-3.23.2/src/ixgbe.ko)。输出中会显示ixgbe内核的版本。
|
||||
用modinfo命令检查内核模块的信息。注意你需要指定模块文件的绝对路径(比如 ./ixgbe.ko 或者 /home/xmodulo/ixgbe/ixgbe-3.23.2/src/ixgbe.ko)。输出中会显示ixgbe内核的版本。
|
||||
|
||||
$ modinfo ./ixgbe.ko
|
||||
|
||||
@ -120,24 +120,24 @@ Intel的10G网卡(比如,82598、 82599、 x540)由ixgbe驱动支持。现
|
||||
|
||||
### 第五步: 安装Ixgbe驱动 ###
|
||||
|
||||
一旦你验证新的ixgbe驱动已经成功家在,最后一步是在你的系统中安装驱动。
|
||||
一旦你验证新的ixgbe驱动可以成功加载,最后一步是在你的系统中安装驱动。
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo make install
|
||||
|
||||
**ixgbe.ko** 接着会安装在/lib/modules/<kernel-version>/kernel/drivers/net/ethernet/intel/ixgbe 下。
|
||||
**ixgbe.ko** 会安装在/lib/modules/<kernel-version>/kernel/drivers/net/ethernet/intel/ixgbe 下。
|
||||
|
||||
这一步起,你可以用下面的modprobe命令加载ixgbe驱动了。注意你不必再指定绝对路径。
|
||||
从这一步起,你可以用下面的modprobe命令加载ixgbe驱动了。注意你不必再指定绝对路径。
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo modprobe ixgbe
|
||||
|
||||
如果你希望在启动时家在ixgbe驱动,你可以在/etc/modules的最后加入“ixgbe”。
|
||||
如果你希望在启动时加载ixgbe驱动,你可以在/etc/modules的最后加入“ixgbe”。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://ask.xmodulo.com/download-install-ixgbe-driver-ubuntu-debian.html
|
||||
|
||||
译者:[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
|
||||
校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
校对:[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
|
||||
使用最近通知工具保持通知历史
|
||||
使用“最近通知工具”保持桌面通知历史
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
![How to see recent notifications in Ubuntu 14.04](http://itsfoss.itsfoss.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/recent_notifications_Ubuntu_14.jpeg)
|
||||
|
||||
大多数桌面环境像Unity和Gnome都有通知特性。我很喜欢其中一些。它尤其当我[在Ubuntu上收听流媒体][1]时帮到我。默认上通知会在桌面的顶部显示几秒接着就会小时。如果你听见了通知的声音但是没有看到内容怎么办?你该如何知道通知的内容?
|
||||
大多数桌面环境像Unity和Gnome都有通知特性。我很喜欢其中一些。它尤其当我[在Ubuntu上收听流媒体][1]时帮到我。默认上通知会在桌面的顶部显示几秒接着就会消失。如果你听见了通知的声音但是没有看到内容怎么办?你该如何知道通知的内容?
|
||||
|
||||
如果你可以看到最近所有通知的历史会很棒吧?是的,我知道这很棒。你可以在Ubuntu Unity或者Gnome中使用最近**通知小工具**来追踪所有的最近通知。
|
||||
|
||||
最近通知位于顶部面板,并且有最近所有通知的历史。当它捕获到新的通知后,它就会变绿来表明你有未读的通知。
|
||||
最近通知位于顶部面板,并且记录了最近所有通知的历史。当它捕获到新的通知后,它就会变绿来表明你有未读的通知。
|
||||
|
||||
![Recent notifications in Ubuntu 14.04](http://itsfoss.itsfoss.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/recent_notifications_Ubuntu.jpeg)
|
||||
|
||||
@ -24,7 +24,7 @@
|
||||
sudo apt-get update
|
||||
sudo apt-get install indicator-notifications
|
||||
|
||||
安装完成后,重新登录后你就可以用了。现在它是没有通知的状态。很方便的小工具,不是么?
|
||||
安装完成后,重新登录后你就可以用了。现在妈妈再也不用担心我的通知没看到了。很方便的小工具,不是么?
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ via: http://itsfoss.com/notifications-appindicator/
|
||||
|
||||
作者:[Abhishek][a]
|
||||
译者:[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
|
||||
校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
校对:[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
|
||||
Shell入门:掌握Linux,OS X,Unix的Shell环境
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
在Linux或类Unix系统中,每个用户和进程都运行在一个特定环境中。这个环境包含了变量,设置,别名,函数以及更多的。下面是对Shell环境下一些常用命令的简单介绍,包括每个命令如何使用的例子,以及在命令行下设定你自己的环境来提高效率。
|
||||
在Linux或类Unix系统中,每个用户和进程都运行在一个特定环境中。这个环境包含了变量、设置、别名、函数以及更多的东西。下面是对Shell环境下一些常用命令的简单介绍,包括每个命令如何使用的例子,以及在命令行下设定你自己的环境来提高效率。
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://s0.cyberciti.org/uploads/cms/2015/01/bash-shell-welcome-image.jpg)
|
||||
|
||||
@ -18,7 +18,8 @@ Shell入门:掌握Linux,OS X,Unix的Shell环境
|
||||
输出范例:
|
||||
|
||||
[![图1: Finding out your shell name](http://s0.cyberciti.org/uploads/cms/2015/01/finding-your-shell-like-a-pro.jpg)][1]
|
||||
图1:找出当前的shell
|
||||
|
||||
*图1:找出当前的shell*
|
||||
|
||||
### 找出所有已安装的shell ###
|
||||
|
||||
@ -32,9 +33,10 @@ Shell入门:掌握Linux,OS X,Unix的Shell环境
|
||||
输出范例:
|
||||
|
||||
[![Fig.02: Finding out your shell path](http://s0.cyberciti.org/uploads/cms/2015/01/finding-and-verifying-shell-path.jpg)][2]
|
||||
图2:找出shell的路径
|
||||
|
||||
文件/etc/shells里包含了系统支持的shell列表。每一行代表一个shell,是相对根目录的完整路径。用这个[cat命令][3]来查看这些数据:
|
||||
*图2:找出shell的路径*
|
||||
|
||||
文件/etc/shells里包含了系统所支持的shell列表。每一行代表一个shell,是相对根目录的完整路径。用这个[cat命令][3]来查看这些数据:
|
||||
|
||||
cat /etc/shells
|
||||
|
||||
@ -71,7 +73,8 @@ Shell入门:掌握Linux,OS X,Unix的Shell环境
|
||||
示例输出:
|
||||
|
||||
[![Fig. 03: Bash shell nesting level (subshell numbers)](http://s0.cyberciti.org/uploads/cms/2015/01/a-nested-shell-level-command.jpg)][4]
|
||||
图3:Bash shell嵌套层级(子shell数目)
|
||||
|
||||
*图3:Bash shell嵌套层级(子shell数目)*
|
||||
|
||||
### 通过chsh命令永久变更系统shell ###
|
||||
|
||||
@ -83,9 +86,9 @@ Shell入门:掌握Linux,OS X,Unix的Shell环境
|
||||
|
||||
sudo chsh -s /bin/ksh userNameHere
|
||||
|
||||
### 查看当前的环境 ###
|
||||
### 查看当前的环境变量 ###
|
||||
|
||||
你需要用到
|
||||
你需要用到:
|
||||
|
||||
env
|
||||
env | more
|
||||
@ -118,7 +121,8 @@ Shell入门:掌握Linux,OS X,Unix的Shell环境
|
||||
下面是bash shell里一些常见变量的列表:
|
||||
|
||||
![Fig.04: Common bash environment variables](http://s0.cyberciti.org/uploads/cms/2015/01/common-shell-vars.jpg)
|
||||
图4:常见bash环境变量
|
||||
|
||||
*图4:常见bash环境变量*
|
||||
|
||||
> **注意**:下面这些环境变量没事不要乱改。很可能会造成不稳定的shell会话:
|
||||
>
|
||||
@ -157,7 +161,7 @@ Shell入门:掌握Linux,OS X,Unix的Shell环境
|
||||
|
||||
/home/vivek
|
||||
|
||||
### 增加或设定一个新变量 ###
|
||||
### 增加或设定一个新环境变量 ###
|
||||
|
||||
下面是bash,zsh,sh和ksh的语法:
|
||||
|
||||
@ -225,7 +229,8 @@ Shell入门:掌握Linux,OS X,Unix的Shell环境
|
||||
示例输出:
|
||||
|
||||
[![Fig.05: List all bash environment configuration files](http://s0.cyberciti.org/uploads/cms/2015/01/list-bash-enviroment-variables.jpg)][5]
|
||||
图5:列出bash的所有配置文件
|
||||
|
||||
*图5:列出bash的所有配置文件*
|
||||
|
||||
要查看所有的bash配置文件,输入:
|
||||
|
||||
@ -241,7 +246,7 @@ Shell入门:掌握Linux,OS X,Unix的Shell环境
|
||||
sudo cp -v /etc/bashrc /etc/bashrc.bak.22_jan_15
|
||||
|
||||
########################################################################
|
||||
## 然后,随心所欲随便改吧,好好玩玩shell环境或者提高一下效率:) ##
|
||||
## 然后,随心所欲随便改吧,好好玩玩shell环境或者提高一下效率:) ##
|
||||
########################################################################
|
||||
sudo vim /etc/bashrc
|
||||
|
||||
@ -326,14 +331,15 @@ zsh的[wiki][6]中建议用下面的命令:
|
||||
示例输出:
|
||||
|
||||
[![Fig.06: View session history in the bash shell using history command](http://s0.cyberciti.org/uploads/cms/2015/01/history-outputs.jpg)][7]
|
||||
图6:在bash shell中使用history命令查看会话历史
|
||||
|
||||
你可以重复使用命令。简单地按下[上]或[下]方向键就可以查看之前的命令。在shell提示符下按下[CTRL-R]可以向后搜索历史缓存或文件来查找命令。重复最后一次命令,只需要在shell提示符下输入!!就好了:
|
||||
*图6:在bash shell中使用history命令查看会话历史*
|
||||
|
||||
你可以重复使用之前的命令。简单地按下[上]或[下]方向键就可以查看之前的命令。在shell提示符下按下[CTRL-R]可以向后搜索历史缓存或文件来查找命令。重复最后一次命令,只需要在shell提示符下输入!!就好了:
|
||||
|
||||
ls -l /foo/bar
|
||||
!!
|
||||
|
||||
在以上的历史记录中查看命令#93 (hddtemp /dev/sda),输入:
|
||||
在以上的历史记录中找到命令#93 (hddtemp /dev/sda),输入:
|
||||
|
||||
!93
|
||||
|
||||
@ -483,7 +489,7 @@ Bash/ksh/zsh函数允许你更进一步地配置shell环境。在这个例子中
|
||||
|
||||
最后,[打开bash命令补齐][12]
|
||||
|
||||
source /etc/bash_completio
|
||||
source /etc/bash_completion
|
||||
|
||||
#### #2: 设定bash命令提示符 ####
|
||||
|
||||
@ -511,7 +517,7 @@ Bash/ksh/zsh函数允许你更进一步地配置shell环境。在这个例子中
|
||||
# 为命令历史文件增加时间戳
|
||||
export HISTTIMEFORMAT="%F %T "
|
||||
|
||||
# 附加到命令历史文件,俄不是覆盖
|
||||
# 附加到命令历史文件,而不是覆盖
|
||||
shopt -s histappend
|
||||
|
||||
#### #5: 设定shell会话的时区 ####
|
||||
@ -561,7 +567,7 @@ Bash/ksh/zsh函数允许你更进一步地配置shell环境。在这个例子中
|
||||
# 清理那些.DS_Store文件
|
||||
alias dsclean='find . -type f -name .DS_Store -delete'
|
||||
|
||||
#### #8: 让世界充满色彩 ####
|
||||
#### #8: 寡人好色 ####
|
||||
|
||||
# 彩色的grep输出
|
||||
alias grep='grep --color=auto'
|
||||
@ -669,7 +675,7 @@ via: http://www.cyberciti.biz/howto/shell-primer-configuring-your-linux-unix-osx
|
||||
|
||||
作者:[nixCraft][a]
|
||||
译者:[zpl1025](https://github.com/zpl1025)
|
||||
校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
校对:[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
121
published/201503/20150126 CD Audio Grabbers--Graphical Based.md
Normal file
121
published/201503/20150126 CD Audio Grabbers--Graphical Based.md
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,121 @@
|
||||
4 个图形界面的 CD 音频抓取器
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
CD音频抓取器设计用来从光盘中提取(“RIP”)原始数字音频(通常被称为 CDDA 格式)并把它保存成文件或以其他形式输出。这类软件使用户能把数字音频编码成各种格式,并可以从在线光盘数据库 freedb 中下载或上传光盘信息。
|
||||
|
||||
复制CD合法吗?在美国版权法中,把一个原始CD转换成数字文件用于个人使用等同于‘合理使用’。然而,美国版权法并没有明确的允许或禁止拷贝私人音频CD,而且判例法还没有确立出在具体的哪种情况下可以视为合理使用。而在英国,其版权的定位则更清晰一些。从2014年开始,英国公民制造CD,MP3,DVD,蓝光和电子书的行为成为合法行为。当然,这仅适用于这个人拥有被采集的媒体的实体,并且复制品仅用于他们个人使用。对于欧盟的其他国家,成员国也允许私人复制这种特例。
|
||||
|
||||
如果你不确定在你生活的国家里这种版权是如何界定的,在你使用这篇文章中所列举的软件前请查询本地的版权法以确定你处在合法的一边。
|
||||
|
||||
在某种程度上,提取CD音轨看起来有点多余。如[Spotify][5]和Google Play Music这类流媒体服务提供了一个巨大的以通用格式的音乐的库,无需采集你的CD集。但是,如果你已将收藏了一个数量巨大的CD集。能把你的CD转换成可以在便携设备如智能手机、平板和便携式MP3播放器上播放的格式仍然是个诱人的选择。
|
||||
|
||||
这篇文章推荐了我最喜欢的音频CD抓取器。我挑了四个最好的图形界面的音频抓取器。所有这些应用程序都是在开源许可下发行的。
|
||||
|
||||
###fre:ac
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://www.linuxlinks.com/portal/content/reviews/Utilities/Screenshot-freac.png)
|
||||
|
||||
fre:ac是个开源的音频转换器和CD提取器,支持很多种流行格式和编码器。目前这个应用可以在MA3、MP4/M4A、WMA、Ogg Vorbis、FLAC、AAC、WAV和Bonk格式间转换。这来源于几种不同形式的LAME编码器。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 功能包括: ####
|
||||
|
||||
- 易学易用
|
||||
- MP3、MP4/M4A、WMA、Ogg Vorbis、FLAC、AAC、WAV和Bonk格式转换器
|
||||
- 集成了CDDB/freedb标题数据库支持的CD提取器
|
||||
- 多核优化的编码器加速了现代PC上的转换速度
|
||||
- 对于标签和文件名称的全Unicode支持
|
||||
- 易学易用,而当你需要时还提供专家级选项
|
||||
- 任务列表
|
||||
- 可以使用Winamp 2输入插件
|
||||
- 多语言用户界面支持41种语言
|
||||
|
||||
- 网址: [freac.org][1]
|
||||
- 开发人员:Robert Kausch
|
||||
- 许可证: GNU GPL v2
|
||||
- 版本号: 20141005
|
||||
|
||||
###Audex
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://www.linuxlinks.com/portal/content/reviews/Utilities/Screenshot-Audex.png)
|
||||
|
||||
Audex是个简单易用的开源的音频CD提取应用。虽然它还处于早期开发阶段,但这个KDE桌面工具足够稳定、智能和简单易用。
|
||||
|
||||
它的助手可以为LAME、OGG Vorbis(oggenc)、FLAC、FAAC(AAC/MP4)和RIFF WAVE等格式创建配置文件。除了这个助手,你也可以定义你自己的配置文件,这意味着,Audex适用于大部分的命令行编码器。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 功能包括: ####
|
||||
|
||||
- 可提取CDDA Paranoia
|
||||
- 提取和编码同时进行
|
||||
- 文件名采用本地和远程的CDDB/FreeDB数据库
|
||||
- 可以提交到CDDB/FreeDB数据库
|
||||
- 类似capitalize的元数据纠正工具
|
||||
- 多配置文件提取(每个配置文件文件有一个命令行编码器)
|
||||
- 从互联网上抓取封面并将他们存在数据库中
|
||||
- 在目标目录中创建播放列表、封面和基于模板的信息文件
|
||||
- 创建提取和编码协议
|
||||
- 将文件传送到FTP服务器
|
||||
- 支持国际化
|
||||
|
||||
- 网址: [kde.maniatek.com/audex][2]
|
||||
- 开发人员: Marco Nelles
|
||||
- 许可证: GNU GPL v3
|
||||
- 版本号: 0.79
|
||||
|
||||
###Sound Juicer
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://www.linuxlinks.com/portal/content/reviews/Utilities/Screenshot-SoundJuicer.png)
|
||||
|
||||
Sound Juicer是个使用GTK+和GStreamer开发的轻量级CD提取器。它从CD中提取音频并把它转换成音频文件。Sound Juicer还可以直接播放CD中的音轨,在提取前提供预览。
|
||||
|
||||
它支持任何GStreamer插件所支持的音频编码,包括 MP3、Ogg Vorbis、FLAC和未压缩的PCM格式。
|
||||
|
||||
它是GNOME桌面环境内建的一部分。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 功能包括: ####
|
||||
|
||||
- 自动通过CDDB给音轨加标签
|
||||
- 可编码成ogg/vorbis、FLAC和原始WAV
|
||||
- 编码路径的设置很简单
|
||||
- 多种风格流派
|
||||
- 国际化支持
|
||||
|
||||
- 网址:[burtonini.com][3]
|
||||
- 开发人员: Ross Burton
|
||||
- 许可证:GNU GPL v2
|
||||
- 版本号:3.14
|
||||
|
||||
###ripperX
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://www.linuxlinks.com/portal/content/reviews/Utilities/Screenshot-ripperX.png)
|
||||
|
||||
ripperX是个开源的图形界面的程序,用于提取CD音轨并把他们编码成Ogg、MP2、MP3或FLAC格式。它的目的是容易使用,只需要点几下鼠标就能转换整张专辑。它支持在CDDB寻找专辑和音轨信息。
|
||||
|
||||
他使用cdparanoia把CD音轨转换(也就是“提取”)成WAV文件,然后调用Vorbis/Ogg编码器oggenc把WAV文件转换成OGG文件。它还可以调用flac让WAV文件生成无损压缩的FLAC文件。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 功能包括: ####
|
||||
|
||||
- 非常简单易用
|
||||
- 可以把CD音轨提取成WAV、MP3、OGG或FLAC文件
|
||||
- 支持CDDB查找
|
||||
- 支持ID3v2标签
|
||||
- 可暂停提取进程
|
||||
|
||||
- 网址:[sourceforge.net/projects/ripperx][4]
|
||||
- 开发人员:Marc André Tanner
|
||||
- 许可证:MIT/X Consortium License
|
||||
- 版本号:2.8.0
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
转自:http://www.linuxlinks.com/article/20150125043738417/AudioGrabbersGraphical.html
|
||||
|
||||
作者:Frazer Kline
|
||||
译者:[H-mudcup](https://github.com/H-mudcup)
|
||||
校对:[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://www.freac.org/
|
||||
[2]:http://kde.maniatek.com/audex/
|
||||
[3]:http://burtonini.com/blog/computers/sound-juicer
|
||||
[4]:http://sourceforge.net/projects/ripperx/
|
||||
[5]:http://linux.cn/article-3130-1.html
|
@ -1,17 +1,18 @@
|
||||
如何不用重启在CentOS 7/ RHEL 7中添加一块新硬盘
|
||||
如何不用重启在CentOS 7/ RHEL 7虚拟机中添加一块新硬盘
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
通常在你在虚拟机中添加一块新硬盘时,你可能会看到新硬盘没有自动加载。这是因为连接到硬盘的SCSI总线需要重新扫描来使得新硬盘可见。这里有一个简单的命令来重新扫描SCSI总线和SCSI设备。下面这几步在CentOS 7 和RHEL 7 中测试过。
|
||||
|
||||
1. 在ESXi或者vCenter中添加一块新的20G硬盘:
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://www.ehowstuff.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/Create-new-LVM-CentOS7-1.png)
|
||||
![](http://www.ehowstuff.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/Create-new-LVM-CentOS7-1.png)
|
||||
|
||||
2. 显示当前磁盘分区:
|
||||
|
||||
[root@centos7 ~]# fdisk -l
|
||||
[root@centos7 ~]# fdisk -l
|
||||
|
||||
----------
|
||||
----------
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
Disk /dev/sda: 32.2 GB, 32212254720 bytes, 62914560 sectors
|
||||
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
|
||||
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
|
||||
@ -33,20 +34,22 @@
|
||||
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
|
||||
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
|
||||
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
3. 确定主机总线号
|
||||
|
||||
[root@centos7 ~]# ls /sys/class/scsi_host/
|
||||
host0 host1 host2
|
||||
[root@centos7 ~]# ls /sys/class/scsi_host/
|
||||
host0 host1 host2
|
||||
|
||||
4. 重新扫描SCSI总线来添加设备
|
||||
|
||||
[root@centos7 ~]# echo "- - -" > /sys/class/scsi_host/host0/scan
|
||||
[root@centos7 ~]# echo "- - -" > /sys/class/scsi_host/host1/scan
|
||||
[root@centos7 ~]# echo "- - -" > /sys/class/scsi_host/host2/scan
|
||||
[root@centos7 ~]# echo "- - -" > /sys/class/scsi_host/host0/scan
|
||||
[root@centos7 ~]# echo "- - -" > /sys/class/scsi_host/host1/scan
|
||||
[root@centos7 ~]# echo "- - -" > /sys/class/scsi_host/host2/scan
|
||||
|
||||
5. 验证磁盘和分区并确保20GB硬盘已经添加了。在本例中,出现了下面这行 “Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors” 并且确认新盘添加后没有重启服务器:
|
||||
5. 验证磁盘和分区并确保20GB硬盘已经添加了。在本例中,出现了下面这行 “`Disk /dev/sdb: 21.5 GB, 21474836480 bytes, 41943040 sectors`” 并且可以确认没有重启服务器就添加了新盘:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
[root@centos7 ~]# fdisk -l
|
||||
|
||||
Disk /dev/sda: 32.2 GB, 32212254720 bytes, 62914560 sectors
|
||||
@ -76,14 +79,14 @@
|
||||
Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
|
||||
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
|
||||
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.ehowstuff.com/how-to-add-a-new-hard-disk-without-rebooting-on-centos-7-rhel-7/
|
||||
|
||||
作者:[skytech][a]
|
||||
译者:[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
|
||||
校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
校对:[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
@ -1,12 +1,12 @@
|
||||
怎样在 Linux 中限制网络带宽
|
||||
怎样在 Linux 中限制网络带宽使用
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
假如你经常在 Linux 桌面上运行多个网络应用,或在家中让多台电脑共享带宽;(这时,)你可能想更好地控制带宽的使用。否则,当你使用下载器下载一个大文件时,交互式 SSH 会话可能会变得缓慢以至不可用;或者当你通过 Dropbox 来同步一个大文件夹时,你的室友可能会抱怨在她的电脑上,视频流变得断断续续。
|
||||
假如你经常在 Linux 桌面上运行多个网络应用,或在家中让多台电脑共享带宽;那么你可能想更好地控制带宽的使用。否则,当你使用下载器下载一个大文件时,交互式 SSH 会话可能会变得缓慢以至不可用;或者当你通过 Dropbox 来同步一个大文件夹时,你的室友可能会抱怨在她的电脑上,视频流变得断断续续。
|
||||
|
||||
在本教程中,我将为你描述两种 在 Linux 中限制网络流量速率的不同方法。
|
||||
在本教程中,我将为你描述两种在 Linux 中限制网络流量速率的不同方法。
|
||||
|
||||
### 在 Linux 中限制一个应用的速率 ###
|
||||
|
||||
限制网络流量速率的一种方法是通过一个名为[trickle][1]的命令行工具。通过在程序运行时,预先加载一个 速率限制 socket 库 的方法,trickle 命令允许你改变任意一个特定程序的流量。 关于 trickle 命令的一个很好的特征是 它仅在用户空间中运行,这意味着,你不必需要 root 权限来达到限制一个程序的带宽使用的目的。为了与 trickle 程序兼容,这个特定程序必须使用没有静态链接库的套接字接口。当你想对一个不具有内置带宽控制功能的程序进行速率限制时,trickle 可以帮得上忙。
|
||||
限制网络流量速率的一种方法是通过一个名为[trickle][1]的命令行工具。通过在程序运行时,预先加载一个速率限制 socket 库 的方法,trickle 命令允许你改变任意一个特定程序的流量。 trickle 命令有一个很好的特性是它仅在用户空间中运行,这意味着,你不必需要 root 权限就可以限制一个程序的带宽使用。要能使用 trickle 程序控制程序的带宽,这个程序就必须使用非静态链接库的套接字接口。当你想对一个不具有内置带宽控制功能的程序进行速率限制时,trickle 可以帮得上忙。
|
||||
|
||||
在 Ubuntu,Debian 及其衍生发行版中安装 trickle :
|
||||
|
||||
@ -20,10 +20,10 @@ $ sudo apt-get install trickle
|
||||
$ sudo yum install trickle
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
trickle 的基本使用方法如下。仅需简单地把 trickle 命令(带有速率参数)放在你想运行的命令之前。
|
||||
trickle 的基本使用方法如下。仅需简单地把 trickle 命令(及速率参数)放在你想运行的命令之前。
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ trickle -d <download-rate> -u <upload-rate> <command>
|
||||
$ trickle -d <download-rate> -u <upload-rate> <command>
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
这就可以将 `<command>` 的下载和上传速率限定为特定值(单位 KBytes/s)。
|
||||
@ -34,27 +34,27 @@ $ trickle -d <download-rate> -u <upload-rate> <command>
|
||||
$ trickle -u 100 scp backup.tgz alice@remote_host.com:
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
如若你想,你可以使用下面的命令为你的 Firefox 浏览器设定最大下载速率(e.g. , 300 KB/s),通过产生一个[自定义启动器][3]的方式。
|
||||
如若你想,你可以通过创建一个[自定义启动器][3]的方式,使用下面的命令为你的 Firefox 浏览器设定最大下载速率(例如, 300 KB/s)。
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
trickle -d 300 firefox %u
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
最后, trickle 也可以 以守护进程模式运行,在该模式下,它将会限制所有通过 trickle 启动且正在运行的程序的总的带宽和。 启动 trickle 使其作为一个守护进程(i.e., trickled):
|
||||
最后, trickle 也可以以守护进程模式运行,在该模式下,它将会限制所有通过 trickle 启动且正在运行的程序的总带宽之和。 启动 trickle 使其作为一个守护进程(例如, trickled):
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo trickled -d 1000
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
一旦 trickled 守护进程在后台运行,你便可以通过 trickle 命令来启动其他程序。假如你通过 trickle 启动一个程序,那么这个程序的最大下载速率将是 1000 KB/s, 假如你再通过 trickle 启动了另一个程序,则每个程序的(下载)速率极限将会被限制为 500 KB/s, 等等。
|
||||
一旦 trickled 守护进程在后台运行,你便可以通过 trickle 命令来启动其他程序。假如你通过 trickle 启动一个程序,那么这个程序的最大下载速率将是 1000 KB/s, 假如你再通过 trickle 启动了另一个程序,则每个程序的(下载)速率极限将会被限制为 500 KB/s,等等。
|
||||
|
||||
### 在 Linux 中限制一个网络接口的速率 ###
|
||||
|
||||
另一种控制你的带宽资源的方式是在每一个接口上限制带宽。这在你与其他人分享你的网络连接的上行带宽时尤为实用。同其他一样,Linux 有一个工具来为你做这件事。[wondershaper][4]恰好执行限制网络接口速率的任务。
|
||||
另一种控制你的带宽资源的方式是在每一个接口上限制带宽。这在你与其他人分享你的网络连接的上行带宽时尤为实用。同其他一样,Linux 有一个工具来为你做这件事。[wondershaper][4]就是干这个的。
|
||||
|
||||
wondershaper 实际上是一个 shell 脚本,它使用 [tc][5] 来定义流量调整命令,使用 QoS 来处理特定的网络接口。通过放置被赋予不同的优先级的传出流量在一个队列中,达到限制传出流量速率的目的, 而传入流量通过丢包的方式来达到速率限制的目的。
|
||||
wondershaper 实际上是一个 shell 脚本,它使用 [tc][5] 来定义流量调整命令,使用 QoS 来处理特定的网络接口。外发流量通过放在不同优先级的队列中,达到限制传出流量速率的目的;而传入流量通过丢包的方式来达到速率限制的目的。
|
||||
|
||||
事实上, wondershaper 的既定目标不仅仅是对一个接口增加其带宽上限;当批量下载或上传正在进行时,wondershaper 还试图去保持互动性会话如SSH 的低延迟。同样的,它还确保批量上传(e.g. , Dropbox 的同步)不会使得下载“窒息”,反之亦然。
|
||||
事实上, wondershaper 的既定目标不仅仅是对一个接口增加其带宽上限;当批量下载或上传正在进行时,wondershaper 还试图去保持互动性会话如 SSH 的低延迟。同样的,它还会控制批量上传(例如, Dropbox 的同步)不会使得下载“窒息”,反之亦然。
|
||||
|
||||
在 Ubuntu Debian 及其衍生发行版本 中安装 wondershaper:
|
||||
|
||||
@ -62,9 +62,9 @@ wondershaper 实际上是一个 shell 脚本,它使用 [tc][5] 来定义流量
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get install wondershaper
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
在 Fdora 或 CentOS/RHEL (带有 [EPEL 软件仓库][2]) 中安装 wondershaper:(注:这里 链接 2 和 6 一样,可以删除其中之一)
|
||||
在 Fdora 或 CentOS/RHEL (带有 [EPEL 软件仓库][2]) 中安装 wondershaper:
|
||||
|
||||
``
|
||||
```
|
||||
$ sudo yum install wondershaper
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ $ sudo wondershaper clear eth0
|
||||
|
||||
### 总结 ###
|
||||
|
||||
在本教程中,我介绍了两种不同的方法,来达到如何在 Linux 桌面环境中,控制每个应用或每个接口的带宽使用的目的。 这些工具对用户都及其友好,都为用户提供了一个快速且容易的方式来调整或限制流量。 对于那些想更多地了解如何在 Linux 中进行速率控制的读者,请参考 [the Linux bible][7].
|
||||
在本教程中,我介绍了两种不同的方法,来达到如何在 Linux 桌面环境中,控制每个应用或每个接口的带宽使用的目的。 这些工具的使用都很简单,都为用户提供了一个快速且容易的方式来调整或限制流量。 对于那些想更多地了解如何在 Linux 中进行速率控制的读者,请参考 [the Linux bible][7].
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
@ -98,15 +98,15 @@ via: http://xmodulo.com/limit-network-bandwidth-linux.html
|
||||
|
||||
作者:[Dan Nanni][a]
|
||||
译者:[FSSlc](https://github.com/FSSlc)
|
||||
校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
校对:[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://xmodulo.com/author/nanni
|
||||
[1]:http://monkey.org/~marius/trickle
|
||||
[2]:http://xmodulo.com/how-to-set-up-epel-repository-on-centos.html
|
||||
[2]:http://linux.cn/article-2324-1.html
|
||||
[3]:http://xmodulo.com/create-desktop-shortcut-launcher-linux.html
|
||||
[4]:http://lartc.org/wondershaper/
|
||||
[5]:http://lartc.org/manpages/tc.txt
|
||||
[6]:http://xmodulo.com/how-to-set-up-epel-repository-on-centos.html
|
||||
[6]:http://linux.cn/article-2324-1.html
|
||||
[7]:http://www.lartc.org/lartc.html
|
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
|
||||
Linux 基础:如何在Ubuntu上检查是否已经安装了一个包
|
||||
Linux 基础:如何在Ubuntu上检查一个软件包是否安装
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
![](http://180016988.r.cdn77.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/ubuntu-790x558.png)
|
||||
![](http://1102047360.rsc.cdn77.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/ubuntu-790x558.png)
|
||||
|
||||
如果你正在管理Debian或者Ubuntu服务器,你也许会经常使用**dpkg** 或者 **apt-get**命令。这两个命令用来安装、卸载和更新包。
|
||||
|
||||
@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ Linux 基础:如何在Ubuntu上检查是否已经安装了一个包
|
||||
+++-====================================-=======================-=======================-=============================================================================
|
||||
ii firefox 35.0+build3-0ubuntu0.14 amd64 Safe and easy web browser from Mozilla
|
||||
|
||||
要列出你系统中安装的包,输入下面的命令:
|
||||
要列出你系统中安装的所有包,输入下面的命令:
|
||||
|
||||
dpkg --get-selections
|
||||
|
||||
@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ Linux 基础:如何在Ubuntu上检查是否已经安装了一个包
|
||||
libgcc1:amd64 install
|
||||
libgcc1:i386 install
|
||||
|
||||
额外的,你可以使用“**-L**”参数来找出包中文件的位置。
|
||||
此外,你可以使用“**-L**”参数来找出包中文件的位置。
|
||||
|
||||
dpkg -L gcc-4.8
|
||||
|
||||
@ -130,7 +130,7 @@ via: http://www.unixmen.com/linux-basics-check-package-installed-not-ubuntu/
|
||||
|
||||
作者:[SK][a]
|
||||
译者:[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
|
||||
校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
校对:[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
@ -1,9 +1,8 @@
|
||||
如何在CentOS 7.0上为Subverison安装Websvn
|
||||
如何在CentOS 7.0 安装 Websvn
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
大家好,今天我们会在CentOS 7.0 上为subversion安装WebSVN。
|
||||
|
||||
WebSVN提供了Svbverion中的各种方法来查看你的仓库。我们可以看到任何给定版本的任何文件或者目录的日志并且看到所有文件改动、添加、删除的列表。我们同样可以看到两个版本间的不同来知道特定版本改动了什么。
|
||||
大家好,今天我们会在CentOS 7.0 上为 subversion(SVN)安装Web 界面 WebSVN。(subverion 是 apache 的顶级项目,也称为 Apache SVN 或 SVN)
|
||||
|
||||
WebSVN 将 Svbverion 的操作你的仓库的各种功能通过 Web 界面提供出来。通过它,我们可以看到任何给定版本的任何文件或者目录的日志,并且可看到所有文件改动、添加、删除的列表。我们同样可以查看两个版本间的差异来知道特定版本改动了什么。
|
||||
|
||||
### 特性 ###
|
||||
|
||||
@ -12,20 +11,20 @@ WebSVN提供了下面这些特性:
|
||||
- 易于使用的用户界面
|
||||
- 可定制的模板系统
|
||||
- 色彩化的文件列表
|
||||
- blame 视图
|
||||
- 追溯视图
|
||||
- 日志信息查询
|
||||
- RSS支持
|
||||
- [更多][1]
|
||||
|
||||
由于使用PHP写成,WebSVN同样易于移植和安装。
|
||||
由于其使用PHP写成,WebSVN同样易于移植和安装。
|
||||
|
||||
现在我们将为Subverison(Apache SVN)安装WebSVN。请确保你的服务器上已经安装了Apache SVN。如果你还没有安装,你可以在本教程中安装。
|
||||
现在我们将为Subverison安装WebSVN。请确保你的服务器上已经安装了 SVN。如果你还没有安装,你可以按[本教程][2]安装。
|
||||
|
||||
After you installed Apache SVN(Subversion), you'll need to follow the easy steps below.安装完Apache SVN(Subversion)后,你需要以下几步。
|
||||
安装完SVN后,你需要以下几步。
|
||||
|
||||
### 1. 下载 WebSVN ###
|
||||
|
||||
你可以从官方网站http://www.websvn.info/download/中下载WebSVN。我们首先进入/var/www/html/并在这里下载安装包。
|
||||
你可以从官方网站 http://www.websvn.info/download/ 中下载 WebSVN。我们首先进入 /var/www/html/ 并在这里下载安装包。
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo -s
|
||||
|
||||
@ -36,7 +35,7 @@ After you installed Apache SVN(Subversion), you'll need to follow the easy steps
|
||||
|
||||
![downloading websvn package](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/downloading-websvn.png)
|
||||
|
||||
这里,我下载的是最新的2.3.3版本的websvn。你可以从这个网站得到链接。你可以用你要安装的包的链接来替换上面的链接。
|
||||
这里,我下载的是最新的2.3.3版本的 websvn。你可以从上面这个网站找到下载链接,用适合你的包的链接来替换上面的链接。
|
||||
|
||||
### 2. 解压下载的zip ###
|
||||
|
||||
@ -54,7 +53,7 @@ After you installed Apache SVN(Subversion), you'll need to follow the easy steps
|
||||
|
||||
### 4. 编辑WebSVN配置 ###
|
||||
|
||||
现在,我们需要拷贝位于/var/www/html/websvn/include的distconfig.php为config.php,并且接着编辑配置文件。
|
||||
现在,我们需要拷贝位于 /var/www/html/websvn/include 的 distconfig.php 为 config.php,并且接着编辑该配置文件。
|
||||
|
||||
# cd /var/www/html/websvn/include
|
||||
|
||||
@ -62,7 +61,7 @@ After you installed Apache SVN(Subversion), you'll need to follow the easy steps
|
||||
|
||||
# nano config.php
|
||||
|
||||
现在我们需要按如下改变文件。这完成之后,请保存病退出。
|
||||
现在我们需要按如下改变文件。完成之后,请保存并退出。
|
||||
|
||||
// Configure these lines if your commands aren't on your path.
|
||||
//
|
||||
@ -100,7 +99,7 @@ After you installed Apache SVN(Subversion), you'll need to follow the easy steps
|
||||
|
||||
# systemctl restart httpd.service
|
||||
|
||||
接着我们在浏览器中打开WebSVN,输入http://Ip-address/websvn,或者你在本地的话,你可以输入http://localhost/websvn。
|
||||
接着我们在浏览器中打开WebSVN,输入 http:// IP地址/websvn ,或者你在本地的话,你可以输入 http://localhost/websvn 。
|
||||
|
||||
![websvn successfully installed](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/websvn-success.png)
|
||||
|
||||
@ -108,7 +107,9 @@ After you installed Apache SVN(Subversion), you'll need to follow the easy steps
|
||||
|
||||
### 总结 ###
|
||||
|
||||
好了,我们已经在CentOS 7上哇安城WebSVN的安装了。这个教程同样适用于RHEL 7。WebSVN提供了Svbverion中的各种方法来查看你的仓库。你可以看到任何给定版本的任何文件或者目录的日志并且看到所有文件改动、添加、删除的列表。如果你有任何问题、评论、反馈请在下面的评论栏中留下,来让我们知道该添加什么和改进。谢谢!享受WebSVN吧。:-)
|
||||
好了,我们已经在CentOS 7上完成WebSVN的安装了。这个教程同样适用于RHEL 7。WebSVN 提供了 Subverion 中的各种功能来查看你的仓库。你可以看到任何给定版本的任何文件或者目录的日志,并且看到所有文件改动、添加、删除的列表。
|
||||
|
||||
如果你有任何问题、评论、反馈请在下面的评论栏中留下,来让我们知道该添加什么和改进。谢谢! 用用看吧。:-)
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
@ -116,9 +117,10 @@ via: http://linoxide.com/linux-how-to/install-websvn-subversion-centos-7/
|
||||
|
||||
作者:[Arun Pyasi][a]
|
||||
译者:[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
|
||||
校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
校对:[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://linoxide.com/author/arunp/
|
||||
[1]:http://www.websvn.info/features/
|
||||
[2]:http://linoxide.com/linux-how-to/install-apache-svn-subversion-centos-7/
|
@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
|
||||
Linux 基础:在CentOS 7上给一个网卡分配多个IP地址
|
||||
在CentOS 7上给一个网卡分配多个IP地址
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
有时你也许想要给一个网卡多个地址。你该怎么做呢?另外买一个网卡来分配地址?不用这么做(只要在小型网络中)。我们现在可以再CentOS/RHEL 7中给一个网卡分配多个ip地址。想知道怎么做么?好的,跟随我,这并不难。
|
||||
有时你也许想要给一个网卡多个地址。你该怎么做呢?另外买一个网卡来分配地址?在小型网络中其实不用这么做。我们现在可以在CentOS/RHEL 7中给一个网卡分配多个ip地址。想知道怎么做么?好的,跟随我,这并不难。
|
||||
|
||||
首先,让我们找到网卡的IP地址。在我的CentOS 7服务器中,我只使用了一个网卡。
|
||||
|
||||
@ -83,7 +83,6 @@ Linux 基础:在CentOS 7上给一个网卡分配多个IP地址
|
||||
|
||||
类似地,你可以加入更多的ip地址。
|
||||
|
||||
Finally, save and close the file. Restart network service to take effect the changes.
|
||||
最后,保存并退出文件。重启网络服务来使更改生效。
|
||||
|
||||
systemctl restart network
|
||||
@ -172,11 +171,9 @@ Finally, save and close the file. Restart network service to take effect the cha
|
||||
IPV6_PEERDNS="yes"
|
||||
IPV6_PEERROUTES="yes"
|
||||
|
||||
你可以看到我已经添加一个A类地址(10.0.0.1)并且前缀是16
|
||||
你可以看到我已经添加一个A类地址(10.0.0.1)并且前缀是16。
|
||||
|
||||
保存并退出文件。重启网络服务,
|
||||
|
||||
接着,ping新增的地址:
|
||||
保存并退出文件。重启网络服务,接着,ping新增的地址:
|
||||
|
||||
ping -c 4 10.0.0.1
|
||||
|
||||
@ -202,7 +199,7 @@ via: http://www.unixmen.com/linux-basics-assign-multiple-ip-addresses-single-net
|
||||
|
||||
作者:[SK][a]
|
||||
译者:[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
|
||||
校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
校对:[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
@ -2,16 +2,11 @@ Linux 下最为人熟知的归档/压缩工具
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
很多时候,通过互联网发送或接收大文件和图片是一件令人头疼的事。压缩及解压缩工具正好可以应对这个问题。下面让我们快速浏览一些可以使得我们的工作更加轻松的开源工具。
|
||||
|
||||
Tar
|
||||
gzip, gunzip
|
||||
bzip2, bunzip2
|
||||
7-Zip
|
||||
|
||||
### Tar ###
|
||||
|
||||
Tar 由 'Tape archiver' 衍生而来,最初被用来在磁带上归档和存储文件。Tar 是一个 GNU 软件,它可以压缩一组文件(归档),或提取它们以及对已经存在的压缩文件进行相关操作。在存储、备份以及转移文件方面,它是很有帮助的。在创建归档文件时,Tar 可以保持原有文件和目录结构不变。通过 Tar 归档的文件的后缀名为 ‘.tar’。
|
||||
Tar 由 'Tape archiver(磁带归档器)' 衍生而来,最初被用来在磁带上归档和存储文件。Tar 是一个 GNU 软件,它可以压缩一组文件(归档),或提取它们以及对已有的归档文件进行相关操作。在存储、备份以及传输文件方面,它是很有用的。在创建归档文件时,Tar 可以保持原有文件和目录结构不变。通过 Tar 归档的文件的后缀名为 ‘.tar’。
|
||||
|
||||
基本用法
|
||||
**基本用法如下:**
|
||||
|
||||
#### a) 创建归档 (c / --create) ####
|
||||
|
||||
@ -23,7 +18,7 @@ Tar 由 'Tape archiver' 衍生而来,最初被用来在磁带上归档和存
|
||||
|
||||
![tar cvf](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/tar-cvf.png)
|
||||
|
||||
创建一个归档
|
||||
*创建一个归档*
|
||||
|
||||
#### b) 列出归档文件内容 ( t / --list) ####
|
||||
|
||||
@ -31,7 +26,7 @@ Tar 由 'Tape archiver' 衍生而来,最初被用来在磁带上归档和存
|
||||
|
||||
![tar tvf](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/tar-tvf.png)
|
||||
|
||||
列出归档中包含的文件
|
||||
*列出归档中包含的文件*
|
||||
|
||||
#### c) 提取归档 (x / --extract) ####
|
||||
|
||||
@ -41,45 +36,45 @@ Tar 由 'Tape archiver' 衍生而来,最初被用来在磁带上归档和存
|
||||
|
||||
![tar xvf](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/tar-xvf.png)
|
||||
|
||||
提取文件
|
||||
*提取文件*
|
||||
|
||||
![tar xvf --wildcards](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/tar-wildcard.png)
|
||||
|
||||
只提取需要的文件
|
||||
*只提取需要的文件*
|
||||
|
||||
#### d) 对归档进行更新 ( u / --update) ####
|
||||
#### d) 对归档文件进行更新 ( u / --update) ####
|
||||
|
||||
tar uvf archive.tar newfile.c - 假如归档的版本比先前存在的版本新,通过添加文件 newfile.c 来更新归档.
|
||||
tar uvf archive.tar newfile.c - 假如归档的newfile.c 要比先前已经归档的新,则添加更新的 newfile.c 到归档里面.
|
||||
|
||||
![tar uvf](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/tar-uvf.png)
|
||||
|
||||
更新一个归档
|
||||
*更新一个归档*
|
||||
|
||||
#### e) 从归档中删除文件 (--delete) ####
|
||||
|
||||
tar--delete -f archive.tar file1.c - 从压缩包'archive.tar' 中删除文件'file1.c'
|
||||
tar --delete -f archive.tar file1.c - 从压缩包'archive.tar' 中删除文件'file1.c'
|
||||
|
||||
![tar --delete](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/tar-delete.png)
|
||||
|
||||
删除文件
|
||||
*删除文件*
|
||||
|
||||
更加具体的使用方法请参考[tar 主页][1]。
|
||||
|
||||
### Gzip / Gunzip ###
|
||||
|
||||
Gzip 代表 GNU zip,它是一个被广泛用于 Linux 操作系统中的压缩应用,被其压缩的文件的后缀名为'*.gz' 。
|
||||
Gzip 即 GNU zip,它是一个被广泛用于 Linux 操作系统中的压缩应用,被其压缩的文件的后缀名为'*.gz' 。
|
||||
|
||||
** 基本用法 **
|
||||
**基本用法如下:**
|
||||
|
||||
#### a) 压缩文件 ####
|
||||
|
||||
gzip file(s)
|
||||
|
||||
每个文件将被单独压缩。
|
||||
每个文件将被**单独压缩**。
|
||||
|
||||
![gzip](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/gzip.png)
|
||||
|
||||
压缩文件
|
||||
*压缩文件*
|
||||
|
||||
通常在压缩完成后,它会将原来的文件删除。我们可以使用 `-c` 选项来保留原来的文件。
|
||||
|
||||
@ -87,7 +82,7 @@ Gzip 代表 GNU zip,它是一个被广泛用于 Linux 操作系统中的压缩
|
||||
|
||||
![gzip-c](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/gzip-c.png)
|
||||
|
||||
压缩后保留原有文件
|
||||
*压缩后保留原有文件*
|
||||
|
||||
我们也可以将一组文件压缩到一个单独的文件中
|
||||
|
||||
@ -95,7 +90,7 @@ Gzip 代表 GNU zip,它是一个被广泛用于 Linux 操作系统中的压缩
|
||||
|
||||
![gz group](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/gz-group.png)
|
||||
|
||||
压缩一组文件
|
||||
*压缩一组文件*
|
||||
|
||||
#### b) 检查压缩比 ####
|
||||
|
||||
@ -105,17 +100,17 @@ Gzip 代表 GNU zip,它是一个被广泛用于 Linux 操作系统中的压缩
|
||||
|
||||
![gzip -l](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/gzip-l.png)
|
||||
|
||||
检查压缩率
|
||||
*检查压缩率*
|
||||
|
||||
#### c) 解压文件 ####
|
||||
|
||||
Gunzip 被用来解压文件,在这里,原有文件在被解压后同样会被删除。使用 `-c`选项来保留原始文件。
|
||||
Gunzip 用来解压文件,在这里,原有的(压缩)文件在被解压后同样会被删除。使用 `-c`选项来保留原始文件。
|
||||
|
||||
gunzip -c archieve.gz
|
||||
|
||||
![gunzip -c](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/gunzip-c.png)
|
||||
|
||||
解压文件
|
||||
*解压文件*
|
||||
|
||||
gzip 加上'-d'选项 和 gunzip 对压缩文件有同样的效果。
|
||||
|
||||
@ -125,47 +120,50 @@ gzip 加上'-d'选项 和 gunzip 对压缩文件有同样的效果。
|
||||
|
||||
同 gzip 一样,[Bzip2][3] 也是一个压缩工具,与其他传统的工具相比,它可以将文件压缩到更小,但其缺点为:运行速度比 gzip 慢。
|
||||
|
||||
** 基本用法 **
|
||||
**基本用法如下:**
|
||||
|
||||
#### a) 压缩文件 ####
|
||||
|
||||
一般情况下,针对压缩而言,Bzip2 没有选项可供选择,将被压缩的文件被传递为它的参数。每个文件被单独压缩,且压缩文件以 'bz2' 为后缀名。
|
||||
一般情况下,针对压缩而言,Bzip2 不用什么选项,将被压缩的文件被传递为它的参数。每个文件被单独压缩,且压缩文件以 'bz2' 为后缀名。
|
||||
|
||||
bzip2 file1 file2 file3
|
||||
|
||||
![bzip2](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/bzip2.png)
|
||||
|
||||
文件压缩
|
||||
*文件压缩*
|
||||
|
||||
使用 '-k' 选项可以使得 在压缩或解压缩之后保留原有的文件。
|
||||
使用 '-k' 选项可以使得在压缩或解压缩之后保留原有的文件。
|
||||
|
||||
![bzip2 -k](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/bzip2-k.png)
|
||||
|
||||
在压缩后保留原有文件。
|
||||
*在压缩后保留原有文件*
|
||||
|
||||
'-d' 选项被用来强制解压缩。
|
||||
|
||||
#### b) 解压 ####
|
||||
|
||||
'-d' 选项被用来解压缩。
|
||||
|
||||
![bzip2 -d](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/bzip2-d.png)
|
||||
|
||||
使用 -d 选项删除文件 (!! 注:我(FSSlc)认为 这里的图片说明有误,可以参考 manpage或bzip 的官网来校对一下。)
|
||||
*使用 -d 选项解压缩文件*
|
||||
|
||||
#### b) 解压 ####
|
||||
也可以使用 bunzip2 来解压缩。
|
||||
|
||||
bunzip2 filename
|
||||
|
||||
![bunzip2](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/bunzip2.png)
|
||||
|
||||
解压文件
|
||||
*解压文件*
|
||||
|
||||
bunzip2 可以解压后缀名为 bz2, bz, tbz2 和 tbz 的文件。带有 tbz2 和 tbz 的文件在压缩后,后缀名将变为'.tar' 。
|
||||
|
||||
bzip2 -dc 执行解压文件到标准输出的功能。
|
||||
bzip2 -dc - 执行解压文件到标准输出的功能。
|
||||
|
||||
### 7-zip ###
|
||||
|
||||
[7-zip][4] 是另一个开源压缩软件。它使用 7z 这种新的压缩格式,并支持高压缩比。因此,它被认为是比先前提及的压缩工具更好的软件。在 Linux 下,可以通过 p7zip 软件包得到,该软件包里包含 3 个二进制文件 – 7z, 7za 和 7zr,读者可以参考 [p7zip wiki][5] 来了解这三个二进制文件之间的不同。在本篇中,我们将使用 7zr 来解释 7-zip 的用法。归档文件以 '.7z' 为后缀名。
|
||||
[7-zip][4] 是另一个开源压缩软件。它使用 7z 这种新的压缩格式,并支持高压缩比。因此,它被认为是比先前提及的压缩工具更好的软件。在 Linux 下,可以通过 p7zip 软件包得到,该软件包里包含 3 个二进制文件: 7z, 7za 和 7zr,读者可以参考 [p7zip wiki][5] 来了解这三个二进制文件之间的不同。在本篇中,我们将使用 7zr 来解释 7-zip 的用法。归档文件以 '.7z' 为后缀名。
|
||||
|
||||
** 基本用法 **
|
||||
**基本用法如下:**
|
||||
|
||||
#### a) 创建归档 ####
|
||||
|
||||
@ -173,7 +171,7 @@ bunzip2 可以解压后缀名为 bz2, bz, tbz2 和 tbz 的文件。带有 tbz2
|
||||
|
||||
![7zr a](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/7zr-a.png)
|
||||
|
||||
创建一个归档文件
|
||||
*创建一个归档文件*
|
||||
|
||||
#### b) 列出归档包含文件 ####
|
||||
|
||||
@ -181,7 +179,7 @@ bunzip2 可以解压后缀名为 bz2, bz, tbz2 和 tbz 的文件。带有 tbz2
|
||||
|
||||
![7zr l](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/7zr-l.png)
|
||||
|
||||
列出归档中包含的文件
|
||||
*列出归档中包含的文件*
|
||||
|
||||
#### c) 提取归档文件 ####
|
||||
|
||||
@ -189,7 +187,7 @@ bunzip2 可以解压后缀名为 bz2, bz, tbz2 和 tbz 的文件。带有 tbz2
|
||||
|
||||
![7zr e](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/7zr-e.png)
|
||||
|
||||
提取归档
|
||||
*提取归档*
|
||||
|
||||
#### d) 更新归档文件 ####
|
||||
|
||||
@ -197,7 +195,7 @@ bunzip2 可以解压后缀名为 bz2, bz, tbz2 和 tbz 的文件。带有 tbz2
|
||||
|
||||
![7zr u](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/7zr-u.png)
|
||||
|
||||
更新一个归档文件
|
||||
*更新一个归档文件*
|
||||
|
||||
#### e) 从归档文件中删除文件 ####
|
||||
|
||||
@ -205,11 +203,11 @@ bunzip2 可以解压后缀名为 bz2, bz, tbz2 和 tbz 的文件。带有 tbz2
|
||||
|
||||
![7zr d](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/7zr-d.png)
|
||||
|
||||
删除文件
|
||||
*删除文件*
|
||||
|
||||
![7zr l](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/7zr-d-l.png)
|
||||
|
||||
确认文件删除
|
||||
*确认文件删除*
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
@ -217,7 +215,7 @@ via: http://linoxide.com/tools/linux-compress-decompress-tools/
|
||||
|
||||
作者:[B N Poornima][a]
|
||||
译者:[FSSlc](https://github.com/FSSlc)
|
||||
校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
校对:[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ via: http://www.ubuntugeek.com/how-to-protect-ubuntu-server-against-the-ghost-vu
|
||||
|
||||
作者:[ruchi][a]
|
||||
译者:[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
|
||||
校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
校对:[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
@ -1,41 +1,40 @@
|
||||
linux中创建和解压文档的10个快速tar命令样例
|
||||
在linux中创建和解压文档的11个 tar 命令例子
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
### linux中的tar命令###
|
||||
|
||||
tar(磁带归档)命令是linux系统中被经常用来将文件存入到一个归档文件中的命令。
|
||||
|
||||
常见的文件扩展包括:.tar.gz 和 .tar.bz2, 分别表示通过gzip或bzip算法进一步压缩的磁带归档文件扩展。
|
||||
其常见的文件扩展包括:.tar.gz 和 .tar.bz2, 分别表示通过了gzip或bzip算法进一步进行了压缩。
|
||||
|
||||
在本教程中我们会管中窥豹一下在linux桌面或服务器版本中使用tar命令来处理一些创建和解压归档文件的日常工作的例子。
|
||||
|
||||
在该教程中我们会窥探一下在linux桌面或服务器版本中使用tar命令来处理一些日常创建和解压归档文件的工作样例。
|
||||
### 使用tar命令###
|
||||
|
||||
tar命令在大部分linux系统默认情况下都是可用的,所以你不用单独安装该软件。
|
||||
|
||||
> tar命令具有两个压缩格式,gzip和bzip,该命令的“z”选项用来指定gzip,“j”选项用来指定bzip。同时也可哟用来创建非压缩归档文件。
|
||||
> tar命令具有两个压缩格式,gzip和bzip,该命令的“z”选项用来指定gzip,“j”选项用来指定bzip。同时也可以创建非压缩归档文件。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 1.解压一个tar.gz归档 ####
|
||||
#### 1.解压一个tar.gz归档 ####
|
||||
|
||||
一般常见的用法是用来解压归档文件,下面的命令将会把文件从一个tar.gz归档文件中解压出来。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
$ tar -xvzf tarfile.tar.gz
|
||||
|
||||
这里对这些参数做一个简单解释-
|
||||
|
||||
> x - 解压文件
|
||||
|
||||
> v - 繁琐,在解压每个文件时打印出文件的名称。
|
||||
> v - 冗长模式,在解压每个文件时打印出文件的名称。
|
||||
|
||||
> z - 该文件是一个使用 gzip压缩的文件。
|
||||
> z - 该文件是一个使用 gzip 压缩的文件。
|
||||
|
||||
> f - 使用接下来的tar归档来进行操作。
|
||||
|
||||
这些就是一些需要记住的重要选项。
|
||||
|
||||
**解压 tar.bz2/bzip 归档文件 **
|
||||
**解压 tar.bz2/bzip 归档文件**
|
||||
|
||||
具有bz2扩展名的文件是使用bzip算法进行压缩的,但是tar命令也可以对其进行处理,但是是通过使用“j”选项来替换“z”选项。
|
||||
具有bz2扩展名的文件是使用bzip算法进行压缩的,但是tar命令也可以对其进行处理,但是需要通过使用“j”选项来替换“z”选项。
|
||||
|
||||
$ tar -xvjf archivefile.tar.bz2
|
||||
|
||||
@ -47,25 +46,25 @@ tar命令在大部分linux系统默认情况下都是可用的,所以你不用
|
||||
|
||||
然后,首先需要确认目标目录是否存在,毕竟tar命令并不会为你创建目录,所以如果目标目录不存在的情况下该命令会失败。
|
||||
|
||||
####3. 解压出单个文件 ####
|
||||
####3. 提取出单个文件 ####
|
||||
|
||||
为了从一个归档文件中解压出单个文件,只需要将文件名按照以下方式将其放置在命令后面。
|
||||
为了从一个归档文件中提取出单个文件,只需要将文件名按照以下方式将其放置在命令后面。
|
||||
|
||||
$ tar -xz -f abc.tar.gz "./new/abc.txt"
|
||||
|
||||
在上述命令中,可以按照以下方式来指定多个文件。
|
||||
|
||||
$ tar -xv -f abc.tar.gz "./new/cde.txt" "./new/abc.txt"
|
||||
$ tar -xz -f abc.tar.gz "./new/cde.txt" "./new/abc.txt"
|
||||
|
||||
#### 4.使用通配符来解压多个文件 ####
|
||||
|
||||
通配符可以用来解压于给定通配符匹配的一批文件,例如所有以".txt"作为扩展名的文件。
|
||||
|
||||
$ tar -xv -f abc.tar.gz --wildcards "*.txt"
|
||||
$ tar -xz -f abc.tar.gz --wildcards "*.txt"
|
||||
|
||||
#### 5. 列出并检索tar归档文件中的内容 ####
|
||||
#### 5. 列出并检索tar归档文件中的内容 ####
|
||||
|
||||
如果你仅仅想要列出而不是解压tar归档文件的中的内容,使用“-t”选项, 下面的命令用来打印一个使用gzip压缩过的tar归档文件中的内容。
|
||||
如果你仅仅想要列出而不是解压tar归档文件的中的内容,使用“-t”(test)选项, 下面的命令用来打印一个使用gzip压缩过的tar归档文件中的内容。
|
||||
|
||||
$ tar -tz -f abc.tar.gz
|
||||
./new/
|
||||
@ -75,7 +74,7 @@ tar命令在大部分linux系统默认情况下都是可用的,所以你不用
|
||||
./new/abc.txt
|
||||
...
|
||||
|
||||
将输出通过管道定向到grep来搜索一个文件或者定向到less命令来浏览内容列表。 使用"v"繁琐选项将会打印出每个文件的额外详细信息。
|
||||
可以将输出通过管道定向到grep来搜索一个文件,或者定向到less命令来浏览内容列表。 使用"v"冗长选项将会打印出每个文件的额外详细信息。
|
||||
|
||||
对于 tar.bz2/bzip文件,需要使用"j"选项。
|
||||
|
||||
@ -84,11 +83,10 @@ tar命令在大部分linux系统默认情况下都是可用的,所以你不用
|
||||
$ tar -tvz -f abc.tar.gz | grep abc.txt
|
||||
-rw-rw-r-- enlightened/enlightened 0 2015-01-13 11:40 ./new/abc.txt
|
||||
|
||||
#### 6.创建一个tar/tar.gz归档文件 ####
|
||||
#### 6.创建一个tar/tar.gz归档文件 ####
|
||||
|
||||
现在我们已经学过了如何解压一个tar归档文件,是时候开始创建一个新的tar归档文件了。tar命令可以用来将所选的文件或整个目录放入到一个归档文件中,以下是相应的样例。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
下面的命令使用一个目录来创建一个tar归档文件,它会将该目录中所有的文件和子目录都加入到归档文件中。
|
||||
|
||||
$ tar -cvf abc.tar ./new/
|
||||
@ -102,14 +100,13 @@ tar命令在大部分linux系统默认情况下都是可用的,所以你不用
|
||||
|
||||
$ tar -cvzf abc.tar.gz ./new/
|
||||
|
||||
> 文件的扩展名其实并不真正有什么影响。“tar.gz” 和tgz是gzip压缩算法压缩文件的常见扩展名。 “tar.bz2”和“tbz”是bzip压缩算法压缩文件的常见扩展名。
|
||||
|
||||
> 文件的扩展名其实并不真正有什么影响。“tar.gz” 和“tgz”是gzip压缩算法压缩文件的常见扩展名。 “tar.bz2”和“tbz”是bzip压缩算法压缩文件的常见扩展名(LCTT 译注:归档是否是压缩的和采用哪种压缩方式并不取决于其扩展名,扩展名只是为了便于辨识。)。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 7. 在添加文件之前进行确认 ####
|
||||
|
||||
一个有用的选项是“w”,该选项使得tar命令在添加每个文件到归档文件之前来让用户进行确认,有时候这会很有用。
|
||||
|
||||
使用该选项时,只有用户输入yes时的文件才会被加入到归档文件中,如果你输入任何东西,默认的回答是一个“No”。
|
||||
使用该选项时,只有用户输入“y”时的文件才会被加入到归档文件中,如果你不输入任何东西,其默认表示是一个“n”。
|
||||
|
||||
# 添加指定文件
|
||||
|
||||
@ -137,7 +134,7 @@ tar命令在大部分linux系统默认情况下都是可用的,所以你不用
|
||||
|
||||
#### 9. 将文件加入到压缩的归档文件中(tar.gz/tar.bz2) ####
|
||||
|
||||
之前已经提到了不可能将文件加入到已压缩的归档文件中,然和依然可以通过简单的一些把戏来完成。使用gunzip命令来解压缩归档文件,然后将文件加入到归档文件中后重新进行压缩。
|
||||
之前已经提到了不可能将文件加入到已压缩的归档文件中,然而依然可以通过简单的一些把戏来完成。使用gunzip命令来解压缩归档文件,然后将文件加入到归档文件中后重新进行压缩。
|
||||
|
||||
$ gunzip archive.tar.gz
|
||||
$ tar -rf archive.tar ./path/to/file
|
||||
@ -147,16 +144,15 @@ tar命令在大部分linux系统默认情况下都是可用的,所以你不用
|
||||
|
||||
#### 10.通过tar来进行备份 ####
|
||||
|
||||
一个真实的场景是在规则的间隔内来备份目录,tar命令可以通过cron调度来实现这样的一个备份,以下是一个样例 -
|
||||
一个真实的场景是在固定的时间间隔内来备份目录,tar命令可以通过cron调度来实现这样的一个备份,以下是一个样例 :
|
||||
|
||||
$ tar -cvz -f archive-$(date +%Y%m%d).tar.gz ./new/
|
||||
|
||||
使用cron来运行上述的命令会保持创建类似以下名称的备份文件 -
|
||||
'archive-20150218.tar.gz'.
|
||||
使用cron来运行上述的命令会保持创建类似以下名称的备份文件 :'archive-20150218.tar.gz'。
|
||||
|
||||
当然,需要确保日益增长的归档文件不会导致磁盘空间的溢出。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 11. 在创建归档文件是进行验证 ####
|
||||
#### 11. 在创建归档文件时进行验证 ####
|
||||
|
||||
"W"选项可以用来在创建归档文件之后进行验证,以下是一个简单例子。
|
||||
|
||||
@ -174,9 +170,9 @@ tar命令在大部分linux系统默认情况下都是可用的,所以你不用
|
||||
Verify ./new/newfile.txt
|
||||
Verify ./new/abc.txt
|
||||
|
||||
需要注意的是验证动作不能呢该在压缩过的归档文件上进行,只能在非压缩的tar归档文件上执行。
|
||||
需要注意的是验证动作不能在压缩过的归档文件上进行,只能在非压缩的tar归档文件上执行。
|
||||
|
||||
现在就先到此为止,可以通过“man tar”命令来查看tar命令的的手册。
|
||||
这次就先到此为止,可以通过“man tar”命令来查看tar命令的的手册。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
@ -184,7 +180,7 @@ via: http://www.binarytides.com/linux-tar-command/
|
||||
|
||||
作者:[Silver Moon][a]
|
||||
译者:[theo-l](https://github.com/theo-l)
|
||||
校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
校对:[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
|
||||
如何在Linux中隐藏PHP版本
|
||||
如何在Linux服务器中隐藏PHP版本
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
通常上,大多数默认设置安装的web服务器存在信息泄露。这其中之一是PHP。PHP(超文本预处理器)是如今流行的服务端html嵌入式语言。在如今这个充满挑战的时代,有许多攻击者会尝试发现你服务端的漏洞。因此,我会简单描述如何在Linux服务器中隐藏PHP信息。
|
||||
通常,大多数默认设置安装的web服务器存在信息泄露,这其中之一就是PHP。PHP 是如今流行的服务端html嵌入式语言(之一?)。在如今这个充满挑战的时代,有许多攻击者会尝试发现你服务端的漏洞。因此,我会简单描述如何在Linux服务器中隐藏PHP信息。
|
||||
|
||||
默认上**exposr_php**默认是开的。关闭“expose_php”参数可以使php隐藏它的版本信息。
|
||||
默认上**expose_php**默认是开的。关闭“expose_php”参数可以使php隐藏它的版本信息。
|
||||
|
||||
[root@centos66 ~]# vi /etc/php.ini
|
||||
|
||||
@ -26,9 +26,9 @@
|
||||
X-Page-Speed: 1.9.32.2-4321
|
||||
Cache-Control: max-age=0, no-cache
|
||||
|
||||
更改之后,php就不会在web服务头中显示版本了:
|
||||
更改并重启 Web 服务后,php就不会在web服务头中显示版本了:
|
||||
|
||||
[root@centos66 ~]# curl -I http://www.ehowstuff.com/
|
||||
```[root@centos66 ~]# curl -I http://www.ehowstuff.com/
|
||||
|
||||
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
|
||||
Server: nginx
|
||||
@ -39,8 +39,9 @@ X-Pingback: http://www.ehowstuff.com/xmlrpc.php
|
||||
Date: Wed, 11 Feb 2015 14:10:43 GMT
|
||||
X-Page-Speed: 1.9.32.2-4321
|
||||
Cache-Control: max-age=0, no-cache
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
有任何需要帮助的请到twiiter @ehowstuff,或在下面留下你的评论。[点此获取更多历史文章][1]
|
||||
LCTT译注:除了 PHP 的版本之外,Web 服务器也会默认泄露版本号。如果使用 Apache 服务器,请[参照此文章关闭Apache 版本显示][2];如果使用 Nginx 服务器,请在 http 段内加入`server_tokens off;` 配置。以上修改请记得重启相关服务。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
@ -48,9 +49,10 @@ via: http://www.ehowstuff.com/how-to-hide-php-version-in-linux/
|
||||
|
||||
作者:[skytech][a]
|
||||
译者:[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
|
||||
校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
校对:[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://www.ehowstuff.com/author/mhstar/
|
||||
[1]:http://www.ehowstuff.com/archives/
|
||||
[2]:http://linux.cn/article-3642-1.html
|
@ -681,15 +681,15 @@ Linux基础:如何找出你的系统所支持的最大内存
|
||||
Handle 0x0031, DMI type 127, 4 bytes
|
||||
End Of Table
|
||||
|
||||
好了,就是这样。周末愉快!
|
||||
好了,就是这样。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://www.unixmen.com/linux-basics-how-to-find-maximum-supported-ram-by-your-system/
|
||||
via: http://www.unixmen.com/linux-basics-how-to-find-maximum-supported-ram-by-your-system/
|
||||
|
||||
作者:[SK][0]
|
||||
译者:[mr-ping](https://github.com/mr-ping)
|
||||
校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
校对:[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
@ -1,24 +1,24 @@
|
||||
一款在Gnome桌面中显示Andorid通知的程序
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
**你很快就可以在GNOME桌面中看到Andorid通知了,这都要归功于一个正在开发中的新程序。**
|
||||
|
||||
![Fancy seeing your Android alerts here? You can.](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Screen-Shot-2015-02-24-at-17.47.48.png)
|
||||
在这里看到Android通知很棒么?你可以
|
||||
在这里看到Android通知是不是很棒?就可以了~
|
||||
|
||||
**你很快就可以在GNOME桌面中看到Andorid通知了,这都要归功于一个在开发中的新程序。**
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
这个新的项目叫“Numtius”,这可以让在Andorid手机上收到的通知显示在GNOME桌面上。它会集成在GNOME 3.16中,并且它[重新设计了通知系统][1],这个app和特性会用在其他更多的地方。
|
||||
这个新的项目叫“Nuntius”,这可以让在Andorid手机上收到的通知显示在GNOME桌面上。它会集成在GNOME 3.16中,并且它[重新设计了通知系统][1],这个app和特性会用在其他更多的地方。
|
||||
|
||||
这个app的开发者希望在这个月GNOME 3.16发布之前可以完成,它将通过蓝牙工作来保证不会传给外部的系统或者使用在线存储。这意味着你的电话必须接近GNOME桌面来保证这个功能可用。
|
||||
|
||||
他现在还不能回复短消息或者对提醒采取操作。
|
||||
|
||||
开发团队警告说**这是一个早期发布版本**,那些打算重度使用的人们现在应该做好最少功能的准备。
|
||||
开发团队警告说**这是一个早期发布版本**,那些打算期望很高人要有暂时只能提供部分功能的心理准备。
|
||||
|
||||
在GNOME桌面上看Android通知的移动端app现在已经在[Google Play商店][2]了,GNOME程序已经在Fedora的仓库中了。
|
||||
这个用来配合在GNOME桌面上看Android通知的移动端app现在已经在[Google Play商店][2]找到了,而GNOME程序已经放在Fedora的仓库中了。
|
||||
|
||||
开发者已经在Gituhb上开源了Android和GNOME接收端的程序,
|
||||
开发者已经在Gituhb上开源了Android和GNOME接收端的程序。
|
||||
|
||||
一个相似的工具[已经在KDE桌面上有了][3] - ‘KDE Connect’ - 已经有一两年了,通过Pushbullet来为使用Chrome的iOS和Android平台在Windows、MAC和Linux桌面上提供相似的功能。
|
||||
在一两年前,[KDE桌面上已经有了][3]一个相似的工具 - ‘KDE Connect,它通过Pushbullet来为使用Chrome的iOS和Android提供相似的功能,支持Windows、MAC和Linux桌面。
|
||||
|
||||
- [Nuntius for Android & GNOME on GitHub][4]
|
||||
|
||||
@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ via: http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2015/03/new-app-brings-android-notifications-to-
|
||||
|
||||
作者:[Joey-Elijah Sneddon][a]
|
||||
译者:[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
|
||||
校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
校对:[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
@ -0,0 +1,85 @@
|
||||
如何设置Ubuntu14.04 的 SSH 无密码登录
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
大家好,今天我来向大家介绍如何在 Ubuntu12.04 上设置 SSH 的无密码登录功能。仅在工作站上有正确的(公私)密钥对以供匹配时SSH服务端才会允许你登录,反之访问将不会被允许。
|
||||
|
||||
正常情况下,我们需要连上SSH的控制台输入用户名及其密码才行。如果两者全部正确,我们就可以访问,反之访问被服务端拒绝。不过相比而言还有一种比用密码更安全的登录方式,我们可以在登录SSH时通过加密密钥进行无密码登录。
|
||||
|
||||
如果你想启用这个安全的方式,我们只需简单的禁用密码登录并只允许加密密钥登录即可。使用这种方式时,客户端计算机上会产生一对私钥和公钥。接着客户端得把公钥上传到SSH服务端的authorized_key文件中去。在授予访问前,服务器及客户端电脑会校验这个密钥对。如果服务器上的公钥与客服端提交的私钥匹配则授予访问权限,否则访问被拒绝。
|
||||
|
||||
这是认证到SSH服务器的非常安全的一种做法,如果你想为单一的SSH用户登录实现安全登录,这也是备受推崇的方式。这里快速的过一遍如何启用无密码登录SSH的配置过程。
|
||||
|
||||
### 1.安装Openssh服务端 ###
|
||||
|
||||
首先,我们需要更新我们的本地库索引。所以如下所见,我们需要先输入“apt-get update”
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get update
|
||||
|
||||
![Updating Repo Index](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/updating-repo-list.png)
|
||||
|
||||
现在我们可以通过以下命令安装openssh-server:
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get install openssh-server
|
||||
|
||||
![Installing openssh server](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/installing-openssh-server.png)
|
||||
|
||||
### 2. 开启openssh服务 ###
|
||||
|
||||
在OpenSSH已经成功安装在Ubuntu14.04操作系统上了之后,我们要启动OpenSSH的服务。以下命令让你启动/开启服务。
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo service ssh start
|
||||
|
||||
或
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo /etc/init.d/ssh start
|
||||
|
||||
### 3. 配置密钥对 ###
|
||||
|
||||
在我们安装并启动了OpenSSH服务以后。现在终于到了要我们搞定公私钥对的时候了,在终端中运行以下命令:
|
||||
|
||||
$ ssh-keygen -t rsa
|
||||
|
||||
在运行完以上命令了以后,我们需要回答一系列的问题。首先选择保存密钥的路径,按回车将会选择默认路径即家目录的一个隐藏的.ssh文件夹。下一个提示是请输入口令提醒。我个人将此留空(直接回车)。之后密钥对就会创建,大功告成。
|
||||
|
||||
![Generating Key Pair](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/generating-key-pair.png)
|
||||
|
||||
在密钥对生成以后,我们需要将**客户端上的公钥复制到SSH服务端**或者主机,来创建对客户端的信任关系。运行以下命令复制客户端的公钥到服务端。
|
||||
|
||||
$ ssh-copy-id user@ip_address
|
||||
|
||||
在公钥上传之后,我们现在可以禁用通过密码登陆SSH的方式了。为此,我们需要通过以下命令用文本编辑器打开**/etc/ssh/ssh_config**。
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config
|
||||
|
||||
现在,我们需要按照下图所示去掉几行注释并进行一些赋值。
|
||||
|
||||
![Configuring sshd Config](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/configuring-sshd_config.png)
|
||||
|
||||
### 4. 重启SSH服务 ###
|
||||
|
||||
最后,在我们配置完SSH服务端后,为了使改动生效我们需要重启SSH服务。在终端或控制台运行以下命令重启。
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo service ssh restart
|
||||
|
||||
或
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo /etc/init.d/ssh restart
|
||||
|
||||
![Restarting ssh](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/restarting-ssh.png)
|
||||
|
||||
现在,我们可以试试不用密码仅用密钥对的方式登录ssh服务端了。
|
||||
|
||||
### 总结 ###
|
||||
|
||||
太好了!我们成功的配置了无密码登录SSH。使用加密密钥对进行SSH服务器认证是非常安全的一种做法,如果你想为SSH的单一用户登录实施安全的认证这也是备受推崇的方式。所以,如果你还有什么问题或建议,请在意见框中向我们反馈。很欣慰你能读完,希望你能喜欢加密的SSH安全登录 :-)
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://linoxide.com/ubuntu-how-to/setup-passwordless-ssh-logon-ubuntu-14-04/
|
||||
|
||||
作者:[Arun Pyasi][a]
|
||||
译者:[martin2011qi](https://github.com/martin2011qi)
|
||||
校对:[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://linoxide.com/author/arunp/
|
@ -6,45 +6,44 @@
|
||||
|
||||
> “Not Enough Free Disk Space On /boot”
|
||||
|
||||
![](https://www.unixmen.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Software-Updater_002.png)
|
||||
![](http://1102047360.rsc.cdn77.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Software-Updater_002.png)
|
||||
|
||||
这是因为我的启动分区超出了不再要的旧内核与包等。
|
||||
这是因为我的 /boot 分区被不再需要的旧内核与包塞满了。
|
||||
|
||||
### 回答: ###
|
||||
|
||||
我听说**Computer Janitor**这个特性可以在Ubuntu Tweak中删除不想要的垃圾文件。使用Computer Janitor,你可以将你的系统清理成像新安装的那样。Janitor会删除:
|
||||
我听说Ubuntu Tweak中的**Computer Janitor**功能可以删除不想要的垃圾文件。使用Computer Janitor,你可以将你的系统清理成像新安装的那样。Janitor会删除:
|
||||
|
||||
- 程序缓存(Firefox/Chrome 缓存、软件中心缓存);
|
||||
- 程序缓存(Firefox/Chrome 缓存、软件中心缓存);
|
||||
- 略缩图缓存;
|
||||
- apt缓存;
|
||||
- 旧内核;
|
||||
- 包的配置;
|
||||
- 不再需要的包。
|
||||
|
||||
If you haven’t install this tool, look at the following link.
|
||||
如果你还没有安装这个工具,参考下面的链接
|
||||
|
||||
- **[如何安装和使用Ubuntu Tweak][1]**
|
||||
|
||||
要删除不需要的垃圾文件,打开Ubuntu Tweak,点击 **Janitor** 选项。
|
||||
|
||||
![](https://www.unixmen.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Ubuntu-Tweak_006.png)
|
||||
![](http://1102047360.rsc.cdn77.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Ubuntu-Tweak_006.png)
|
||||
|
||||
选择你想要删除的文件的选框,并点击 **Clean** 按钮。
|
||||
|
||||
![](https://www.unixmen.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Ubuntu-Tweak_007.png)
|
||||
![](http://1102047360.rsc.cdn77.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Ubuntu-Tweak_007.png)
|
||||
|
||||
Janitor现在就开始清理你的系统了。
|
||||
|
||||
![](https://www.unixmen.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Ubuntu-Tweak_003.png)
|
||||
![](http://1102047360.rsc.cdn77.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Ubuntu-Tweak_003.png)
|
||||
|
||||
真酷!系统清理完成了。
|
||||
|
||||
![](https://www.unixmen.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Ubuntu-Tweak_008.png)
|
||||
![](http://1102047360.rsc.cdn77.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Ubuntu-Tweak_008.png)
|
||||
|
||||
我重启启动了软件更新。这个没再遇到问题了。
|
||||
|
||||
![](https://www.unixmen.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Software-Updater_009.png)
|
||||
![](http://1102047360.rsc.cdn77.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/Software-Updater_009.png)
|
||||
|
||||
就是这样。当然也有其他的方法可以清理系统。但是,这个方法很容易学。我们可以只点击几次鼠标就可以清理系统。
|
||||
|
||||
@ -52,13 +51,13 @@ Janitor现在就开始清理你的系统了。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://www.unixmen.com/how-to-fix-not-enough-free-disk-space-on-boot-in-ubuntu/
|
||||
via: http://www.unixmen.com/how-to-fix-not-enough-free-disk-space-on-boot-in-ubuntu/
|
||||
|
||||
作者:[SK][a]
|
||||
译者:[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
|
||||
校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
校对:[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:https://www.unixmen.com/author/sk/
|
||||
[1]:http://www.unixmen.com/after-a-fresh-install-of-ubuntu-1010-maverick-meerkat-configuration-made-easy-with-ubuntu-tweak/
|
||||
[1]:http://linux.cn/article-3335-1.html
|
41
published/20150306 Nmap--Not Just for Evil.md
Normal file
41
published/20150306 Nmap--Not Just for Evil.md
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,41 @@
|
||||
Nmap--不是只能用于做坏事!
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
如果SSH是系统管理员世界的"瑞士军刀"的话,那么Nmap就是一盒炸药。炸药很容易被误用然后将你的双脚崩掉,但是也是一个很有威力的工具,能够胜任一些看似无法完成的任务。
|
||||
|
||||
大多数人想到Nmap时,他们想到的是扫描服务器,查找开放端口来实施攻击。然而,在过去的这些年中,这样的超能力在当你管理服务器或计算机遇到问题时也是非常的有用。无论是你试图找出在你的网络上有哪些类型的服务器使用了指定的IP地址,或者尝试锁定一个新的NAS设备,以及扫描网络等,都会非常有用。
|
||||
|
||||
下图显示了我的QNAP NAS的网络扫描结果。我使用该设备的唯一目的是为了NFS和SMB文件共享,但是你可以看到,它包含了一大堆大开大敞的端口。如果没有Nmap,很难发现机器到底在运行着什么玩意儿。
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://www.linuxjournal.com/files/linuxjournal.com/ufiles/imagecache/large-550px-centered/u1002061/11825nmapf1.jpg)
|
||||
|
||||
*网络扫描*
|
||||
|
||||
另外一个可能你没想到的用途是用它来扫描一个网络。你甚至根本不需要root的访问权限,而且你也可以非常容易地来指定你想要扫描的网络地址块,例如输入:
|
||||
|
||||
nmap 192.168.1.0/24
|
||||
|
||||
上述命令会扫描我的局域网中全部的254个可用的IP地址,让我可以知道那个是可以Ping的,以及那些端口是开放的。如果你刚刚在网络上添加一个新的硬件,但是不知道它通过DHCP获取的IP地址是什么,那么此时Nmap就是无价之宝。例如,上述命令在我的网络中揭示了这个问题:
|
||||
|
||||
Nmap scan report for TIVO-8480001903CCDDB.brainofshawn.com (192.168.1.220)
|
||||
Host is up (0.0083s latency).
|
||||
Not shown: 995 filtered ports
|
||||
PORT STATE SERVICE
|
||||
80/tcp open http
|
||||
443/tcp open https
|
||||
2190/tcp open tivoconnect
|
||||
2191/tcp open tvbus
|
||||
9080/tcp closed glrpc
|
||||
|
||||
它不仅显示了新的Tivo 设备,而且还告诉我那些端口是开放的。由于它的可靠性、可用性以及“黑边帽子”的能力,Nmap获得了本月的 <<编辑推荐>>奖。这不是一个新的程序,但是如果你是一个linux用户的话,你应该玩玩它。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.linuxjournal.com/content/nmap%E2%80%94not-just-evil
|
||||
|
||||
作者:[Shawn Powers][a]
|
||||
译者:[theo-l](https://github.com/theo-l)
|
||||
校对:[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://www.linuxjournal.com/users/shawn-powers
|
@ -1,24 +1,23 @@
|
||||
2015你可以买的一款基于Linux的迷你PC
|
||||
2015年你可以买的四款基于Linux的迷你PC
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
![](http://itsfoss.itsfoss.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Linux_Based_Mini_PC.jpg)
|
||||
|
||||
在我看来迷你PC将在不久的将来会替代传统桌面电脑。传统桌面的有一个像送风机那样占据大量空间的风扇。迷你PC,在另一方面说很小巧和紧凑。通常是4″或者5″大小,可以轻易地放在桌子上。
|
||||
在我看来迷你PC将在不久的将来会替代传统桌面电脑。传统桌面的有一个像吹风机那样占据大量空间的风扇。迷你PC,在另一方面说很小巧和紧凑。通常是4″或者5″大小,可以轻易地放在桌子上。
|
||||
|
||||
不仅如此,这些迷你PC的无风扇设计是一个好处。当然,你可以购买无风扇的常规电脑,但是空间占用仍然是一个问题。对我个人来说,我觉得迷你PC外观上看着很可爱。如果你不是一个游戏玩家也不想买新的桌面PC,我强烈建议你**购买一个基于Linux的迷你PC**。
|
||||
不仅如此,这些迷你PC的无风扇设计是一个优点。当然,你可以购买无风扇的常规电脑,但是空间占用仍然是一个问题。对我个人来说,我觉得迷你PC外观上看着很可爱。如果你不是一个游戏玩家也不想买新的桌面PC,我强烈建议你**购买一款基于Linux的迷你PC**。
|
||||
|
||||
如果你考虑我的建议买一个,那么你或许想知道该买哪款。不要担心,这篇文章我们会介绍**四款你可以在2015购买的基于Linux的迷你PC**。
|
||||
如果你考虑我的建议,那么你或许想知道该买哪款。不要担心,这篇文章我们会介绍**2015年你可以购买的四款基于Linux的迷你PC**。
|
||||
|
||||
### 基于Linux的迷你PC ###
|
||||
|
||||
请注意这些PC可能还不能下单。它们中有些还刚刚公布,在不久的将来才会面向公众出售。
|
||||
需要注意的是,这其中的一些PC可能还不能下单。它们中有些还刚刚公布,在不久的将来才会面向公众出售。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
#### 1. System76出品的Meerkat ####
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://itsfoss.itsfoss.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/system76-meerkat.jpg)
|
||||
|
||||
[System76][1] is a computer manufacturer exclusively dealing with only Ubuntu based desktop, laptops and servers. [System76 announced an Ubuntu based mini PC Meerkat][2] last week. Let’s take a quick look at its specification:
|
||||
[System76][1] 是一家仅出品基于Ubuntu电脑、笔记本、服务器的电脑生产商。[System76在上周宣布了一款基于Ubuntu的迷你PC][2]。让我看一下它的规格:
|
||||
[System76][1] 是一家仅出品基于Ubuntu电脑、笔记本、服务器的电脑生产商。[System76在上周公布了一款基于Ubuntu的迷你PC][2]。让我看一下它的规格:
|
||||
|
||||
**规格**
|
||||
|
||||
@ -43,7 +42,7 @@
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://itsfoss.itsfoss.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/01/mintbox-mini.jpeg)
|
||||
|
||||
[Compulab][3]将它的旗舰产品基于Linux Mint的桌面设备成了[Mintbox Mini][4]。紧凑的版本在4″大小。更多的细节如下:
|
||||
[Compulab][3]将它基于Linux Mint的期间PC设备压缩,从Mintbox变为[Mintbox Mini][4]。这个紧凑的版本大小在4″左右。更多的细节如下:
|
||||
|
||||
**规格**
|
||||
|
||||
@ -59,19 +58,17 @@
|
||||
|
||||
**价格**
|
||||
|
||||
$300起售
|
||||
$300左右起售
|
||||
|
||||
**发售日期**
|
||||
|
||||
2015第二季度
|
||||
2015年第二季度
|
||||
|
||||
#### 3. Compulab出品的Utilite2 ####
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://itsfoss.itsfoss.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Utilite2-ARM-PC.jpg)
|
||||
|
||||
It’s not that Compulab has stuck with Linux Mint only. It announced an ARM desktop PC running Ubuntu in last December. With a size of 3.4″x2.3″, [Utilite2][5] has modest feature and modest price.
|
||||
Compulab并不是坚持用Linux Mint的。它在去年12月宣布了一款运行Ubuntu的ARM桌面PC。大小是3.4″x2.3″,[Utilite2][5]有最现代的特性和价格
|
||||
|
||||
Compulab并不仅仅被Linux Mint所限制。它在去年12月公布了一款运行Ubuntu的ARM桌面PC。大小是3.4″x2.3″,[Utilite2][5]有最适合的性价比。
|
||||
|
||||
**规格**
|
||||
|
||||
@ -85,20 +82,19 @@ Compulab并不是坚持用Linux Mint的。它在去年12月宣布了一款运行
|
||||
|
||||
**价格**
|
||||
|
||||
常规版售价$192、带硬盘售价$229。邮费另付。
|
||||
常规版售价$192、带硬盘售价$229。运费另付。
|
||||
|
||||
**发售日期**
|
||||
|
||||
现在就可购买。运送将花费4周。
|
||||
|
||||
#### Think Penguin出品的Penguin Pocket Wee ####
|
||||
#### 4. Think Penguin出品的Penguin Pocket Wee ####
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://itsfoss.itsfoss.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Think_Penguin_Pocket_Wee.jpeg)
|
||||
|
||||
[Think Penguin][6]是一家开源硬件生产商。在迷你PC领域,它提供了[Penguin Pocket Wee][7]。大小是4.6″x 4.4″x 1.4″ ,, Penguin Pocket Wee提供了大量的配置。你可以选择处理器、存储、网卡等。你可以选择购买预装你喜欢的Linux发行版,默认系统是Ubuntu。
|
||||
[Think Penguin][6]是一家开源硬件生产商。在迷你PC领域,它提供了[Penguin Pocket Wee][7]。大小是4.6″x 4.4″x 1.4″ ,, Penguin Pocket Wee为你提供了大量的配置。你可以选择处理器、存储、网卡等。你可以选择购买预装你喜欢的Linux发行版,默认系统是Ubuntu。
|
||||
|
||||
The general configuration is as following:
|
||||
下面的默认的配置
|
||||
下面是默认的配置:
|
||||
|
||||
- Intel Core i3 或者 i5处理器,最高支持1080p视频
|
||||
- 最高扩展至 16GB 的 DDR3内存
|
||||
@ -110,18 +106,17 @@ The general configuration is as following:
|
||||
|
||||
**价格**
|
||||
|
||||
Basic model starts at $499 and it can go up to $1000 based on the configuration you select.
|
||||
基础版本$499起售,根据你的配置最大是$1000。
|
||||
基础版本$499起售,根据你选择的配置最高价格是$1000。
|
||||
|
||||
**发售日期**
|
||||
|
||||
现在就可下订单。该公司在美国和英国也有办公司,所以应也可以运送到南美和欧洲。
|
||||
现在就可下订单。该公司在美国和英国也有办公地点,所以应也可以运送到南美和欧洲。
|
||||
|
||||
### 你会选哪种? ###
|
||||
|
||||
我故意没有介绍[Raspberry Pi 2][8]或者其他Linux微电脑如[Intel的电脑棒][9]。原因是我不认为这些微电脑属于迷你PC的范畴。
|
||||
|
||||
你怎么看?你想用迷你PC代替你的桌面PC么?是不是还有我没有在**最好的基于Linux的迷你PC**列出的PC?分享你们的观点吧。
|
||||
你怎么看?你想用迷你PC代替你的桌面PC么?是不是还有我没有在**基于Linux的最好的迷你PC**列表里列出的PC?在评论区分享你们的观点吧。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
@ -129,7 +124,7 @@ via: http://itsfoss.com/4-linux-based-mini-pc-buy-2015/
|
||||
|
||||
作者:[Abhishek][a]
|
||||
译者:[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
|
||||
校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
校对:[Caroline](https://github.com/carolinewuyan)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
@ -1,8 +1,8 @@
|
||||
Linux有问必答:Perl中本地时间和UNIX时间戳间相互转换
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
> **问题**: 在Perl语言中,我需要转换易读的日期和时间到对应的UNIX时间戳,反之亦然。你可以给我一些Perl代码例子吗?关于日期及时间转换到UNIX时间戳,或者相反,转换UNIX时间戳到可读的日期和时间。
|
||||
> **问题**: 在Perl语言中,我需要转换易读的日期和时间到对应的UNIX时间戳,反之亦然。你可以给我一些将日期及时间转换到UNIX时间戳的Perl代码例子吗?或者相反,转换UNIX时间戳到可读的日期和时间。
|
||||
|
||||
当你的Perl脚本需要解决时间信息,这里有两种方法来表示和处理日期和时间。一种方法是易读的时间表示(例,"Sat Mar 14 10:14:05 EDT 2015"),另外一种是使用UNIX时间戳(也叫“新纪元时间”),这是从1970年1月1日到今所消耗的时间秒数。每一种方法都有它自己的优劣势,取决于你的需要,也许也就需要转换一种格式到另一种。
|
||||
当你的Perl脚本需要解决时间信息,这里有两种方法来表示和处理日期和时间。一种方法是易读的时间表示(例,"Sat Mar 14 10:14:05 EDT 2015"),另外一种是使用UNIX时间戳(也叫“新纪元时间”),这是从1970年1月1日到今所经过的时间秒数。每一种方法都有它自己的优劣势,取决于你的需要,也许也就需要转换一种格式到另一种。
|
||||
|
||||
### Perl中转换本地时间到UNIX时间戳 ###
|
||||
|
||||
@ -13,13 +13,14 @@ Linux有问必答:Perl中本地时间和UNIX时间戳间相互转换
|
||||
- 14/Mar/15 10:14:05
|
||||
- 14 Mar 15 10:14:05
|
||||
|
||||
use Date::Parse;
|
||||
```
|
||||
use Date::Parse;
|
||||
|
||||
my $local_time = "Sat Mar 14 10:14:05 EDT 2015";
|
||||
my $local_time = "Sat Mar 14 10:14:05 EDT 2015";
|
||||
|
||||
# 1426342445 will be stored in $unix_time
|
||||
my $unix_time = str2time($local_time);
|
||||
|
||||
# 1426342445 will be stored in $unix_time
|
||||
my $unix_time = str2time($local_time);
|
||||
```
|
||||
Date:Parse 模块支持多种语言(英语,法语,德语和意大利语)和时区。例如:
|
||||
|
||||
use Date::Parse;
|
||||
@ -28,10 +29,9 @@ Date:Parse 模块支持多种语言(英语,法语,德语和意大利语)
|
||||
my $lang = Date::Language->new('French');
|
||||
my $unix_time = $lang->str2time("12:14:05, Ago 16, 2014 (CEST)");
|
||||
|
||||
### Perl中UNIX时间戳到可读的日期和时间 ###
|
||||
### Perl中UNIX时间戳到易读的日期和时间 ###
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
如果你想要转换UNIX时间戳到可读的格式,可以使用localtime()函数,此函数可以转换UNIX时间戳为一个9元素列表。然后你可以使用返回的list构造任何你需要的可读格式。这里有一个代码片段:
|
||||
如果你想要转换UNIX时间戳到易读的格式,可以使用localtime()函数,此函数可以转换UNIX时间戳为一个9元素列表。然后你可以使用返回的list构造任何你需要的可读格式。这里有一个代码片段:
|
||||
|
||||
# $sec, $min, $hour: 秒,分,时
|
||||
# $mday: 月中的某天 (0-31)
|
||||
@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ via: http://ask.xmodulo.com/convert-local-time-unix-timestamp-perl.html
|
||||
|
||||
作者:[Dan Nanni][a]
|
||||
译者:[VicYu/Vic020](http://vicyu.net)
|
||||
校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
校对:[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
@ -1,14 +1,15 @@
|
||||
Fedora GNOME快捷键
|
||||
Fedora GNOME 的常用快捷键
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
在Fedora,为了获得最好的[GNOME桌面] [1]体验,你需要了解并掌握一些驾驭系统的快捷键。
|
||||
在Fedora中,为了获得最好的[GNOME桌面][1]体验,你需要了解并掌握一些驾驭系统的快捷键。
|
||||
|
||||
这篇文章将列举我们日常使用中使用频率最高的快捷键。
|
||||
|
||||
![GNOME Keyboard Shortcuts - The Super Key. ](http://f.tqn.com/y/linux/1/L/o/K/1/gnomekeyboardshortcut1.png)
|
||||
GNOME 快捷键 - super键.
|
||||
|
||||
#### 1. Super键 ####
|
||||
|
||||
![GNOME Keyboard Shortcuts - The Super Key. ](http://f.tqn.com/y/linux/1/L/o/K/1/gnomekeyboardshortcut1.png)
|
||||
|
||||
*GNOME 快捷键 - super键*
|
||||
|
||||
[“super”键][2]是如今驾驭操作系统的好朋友。
|
||||
|
||||
在传统的笔记本电脑中“super”键坐落于最后一列就在“alt”键的旁边(就是徽标键)。
|
||||
@ -17,116 +18,122 @@ GNOME 快捷键 - super键.
|
||||
|
||||
同时按下 "ALT" 和"F1"一样可以达到这样的效果。
|
||||
|
||||
![GNOME Run Command.](http://f.tqn.com/y/linux/1/L/p/K/1/runcommand.png)
|
||||
GNOME 指令运行.
|
||||
### 2. 如何快速执行一条命令 ###
|
||||
|
||||
### 2. 如何快速执行一条指令 ###
|
||||
![GNOME Run Command.](http://f.tqn.com/y/linux/1/L/p/K/1/runcommand.png)
|
||||
|
||||
*GNOME 运行某命令*
|
||||
|
||||
如果你需要快速的执行一条指令,你可以按下"ALT"+"F2",这样就会出现指令运行对话框了。
|
||||
|
||||
你就可以在窗口中输入你想要执行的指令了,回车执行。
|
||||
|
||||
![TAB Through Applications.](http://f.tqn.com/y/linux/1/L/q/K/1/tabthroughwindows.png)
|
||||
使用TAB在应用中切换。
|
||||
现在你就可以在窗口中输入你想要执行的指令了,回车执行。
|
||||
|
||||
### 3. 快速切换到另一个打开的应用 ###
|
||||
|
||||
就像微软的Windows一样你可以使用"ALT"和"TAB" 的组合键在应用程序之间切换。
|
||||
![TAB Through Applications.](http://f.tqn.com/y/linux/1/L/q/K/1/tabthroughwindows.png)
|
||||
|
||||
在一些键盘上tab键是这样的**|<- ->|**而有些则是简单的"TAB"字母。
|
||||
*使用TAB在应用中切换*
|
||||
|
||||
GNOME应用间切换随着你的切换显示的是简单的图标和应用的名字
|
||||
就像在微软的Windows下一样你可以使用"ALT"和"TAB" 的组合键在应用程序之间切换。
|
||||
|
||||
如果你按下"shift"+"tab"将反过来切换应用。
|
||||
在一些键盘上tab键上画的是这样的**|<- ->|**,而有些则是简单的"TAB"字母。
|
||||
|
||||
![Switch Windows In The Same Application.](http://f.tqn.com/y/linux/1/L/r/K/1/switchwindowsinsameapplication.png)
|
||||
在应用中切换不同窗口。
|
||||
GNOME应用切换器随着你的切换,显示简单的图标和应用的名字。
|
||||
|
||||
如果你按下"shift"+"tab"将以反序切换应用。
|
||||
|
||||
### 4. 在同一应用中快速切换不同的窗口 ###
|
||||
|
||||
![Switch Windows In The Same Application.](http://f.tqn.com/y/linux/1/L/r/K/1/switchwindowsinsameapplication.png)
|
||||
|
||||
*在应用中切换不同窗口*
|
||||
|
||||
如果你像我一样经常打开五六个Firefox。
|
||||
|
||||
你已经知道通过"Alt"+"Tab"实现应用间的切换。
|
||||
你已经知道通过"Alt"+"Tab"实现应用间的切换。有两种方法可以在同一个应用中所有打开的窗口中切换。
|
||||
|
||||
有两种方法可以在同应用中所有打开的窗口中切换。
|
||||
第一种是按"Alt"+"Tab"让选框停留在你所要切换窗口的应用图标上。短暂的停留等到下拉窗口出现你就能用鼠标选择窗口了。
|
||||
|
||||
第一种是按"Alt"+"Tab"让选框停留在你所要切换窗口的应用图标上。短暂的停留等到下拉窗出现你就能用鼠标选择窗口了。
|
||||
第二种也是比较推荐的方式是按"Alt"+"Tab"让选框停留在你所要切换窗口的应用图标上,然后按"super"+"`"在此应用打开的窗口间切换。
|
||||
|
||||
第二种也是比较推荐的方式是按"Alt"+"Tab"让选框停留在你所要切换窗口的应用图标上然后按"super"+"`"在此应用打开的窗口间切换。
|
||||
**注释:"\`"就是tab键上面的那个键。无论你使用的那种键盘排布,用于切换的键一直都是tab上面的那个键,所以也有可能不是"\`"键。**
|
||||
|
||||
**注释"\`"就是tab键上面的那个键。用于切换的键一直都是tab上面的那个键,无论你使用的那种键盘排布,也有可能不是"`"键。**
|
||||
|
||||
如果你的手很灵活(或者是我称之为的忍者手)那你也可以同时按"shift", "`"和"super"键来反向切换窗口。
|
||||
|
||||
![Switch Keyboard Focus.](http://f.tqn.com/y/linux/1/L/s/K/1/switchkeyboardfocus.png)
|
||||
切换键盘焦点。
|
||||
如果你的手很灵活(或者是我称之为忍者手的)那你也可以同时按"shift", "\`"和"super"键来反向切换窗口。
|
||||
|
||||
### 5. 切换键盘焦点 ###
|
||||
|
||||
![Switch Keyboard Focus.](http://f.tqn.com/y/linux/1/L/s/K/1/switchkeyboardfocus.png)
|
||||
|
||||
*切换键盘焦点*
|
||||
|
||||
这个键盘快捷键并不是必须掌握的,但是还是最好掌握。
|
||||
|
||||
如若你想将输入的焦点放到搜索栏或者一个应用窗口上,你可以同时按下"CTRL", "ALT"和"TAB",这样就会出现一个让你选择切换区域的列表。
|
||||
|
||||
然后就可以按方向键做出选择了。
|
||||
|
||||
![Show All Applications.](http://f.tqn.com/y/linux/1/L/t/K/1/showapplications.png)
|
||||
显示所有应用程序。
|
||||
|
||||
### 6. 显示所有应用程序列表 ###
|
||||
|
||||
![Show All Applications.](http://f.tqn.com/y/linux/1/L/t/K/1/showapplications.png)
|
||||
|
||||
*显示所有应用程序*
|
||||
|
||||
如果恰巧最后一个应用就是你想要找的,那么这样做真的会帮你省很多时间。
|
||||
|
||||
按"super"和"A"键来快速浏览这个包含你系统上所有应用的列表。
|
||||
|
||||
![Switch Workspaces.](http://f.tqn.com/y/linux/1/L/u/K/1/switchworkspaces.png)
|
||||
切换工作区。
|
||||
按"super"和"A"键来快速切换到这个包含你系统上所有应用的列表上。
|
||||
|
||||
### 7. 切换工作区 ###
|
||||
|
||||
![Switch Workspaces.](http://f.tqn.com/y/linux/1/L/u/K/1/switchworkspaces.png)
|
||||
|
||||
*切换工作区*
|
||||
|
||||
如果你已经使用linux有一段时间了,那么这种[多工作区切换][3]的工作方式一定深得你心了吧。
|
||||
|
||||
举个例子,你在第一个工作区里做开发,第二个中浏览网页而把你邮件的客户端开在第三个工作区中。
|
||||
举个例子,你在第一个工作区里做开发,第二个之中浏览网页,而把你邮件的客户端开在第三个工作区中。
|
||||
|
||||
工作区切换你可以使用"super"+"Page Up" (PGUP)键朝一个方向切,也可以按"super"+"Page Down" (PGDN)键朝另一个方向切。
|
||||
工作区切换你可以使用"super"+"Page Up" (向上翻页)键朝一个方向切,也可以按"super"+"Page Down" (向下翻页)键朝另一个方向切。
|
||||
|
||||
还有一个比较麻烦的备选方案就是按"super"显示打开的应用,然后在屏幕的右侧选择你所要切换的工作区。
|
||||
|
||||
![Move Application To Another Workspace.](http://f.tqn.com/y/linux/1/L/v/K/1/movetoanewworkspace.png)
|
||||
将应用移至另一个工作区。
|
||||
|
||||
### 8. 将一些项目移至一个新的工作区 ###
|
||||
|
||||
如果这个工作区已经被搞得杂乱无章了没准你会想将手头的应用转到一个全新的工作区,请按组合键"super", "shift"和"page up"或"super", "shift"和"page down" key。
|
||||
![Move Application To Another Workspace.](http://f.tqn.com/y/linux/1/L/v/K/1/movetoanewworkspace.png)
|
||||
|
||||
*将应用移至另一个工作区*
|
||||
|
||||
如果这个工作区已经被搞得杂乱无章了,没准你会想将手头的应用转到一个全新的工作区,请按组合键"super", "shift"和"page up"或"super", "shift"和"page down" 键。
|
||||
|
||||
备选方案按"super"键,然后在应用列表中找到你想要移动的应用拖到屏幕右侧的工作区。
|
||||
|
||||
### 9. 显示信息托盘 ###
|
||||
|
||||
![Show The Message Tray.](http://f.tqn.com/y/linux/1/L/w/K/1/showmessagetray.png)
|
||||
显示信息栏。
|
||||
|
||||
### 9. 显示信息栏 ###
|
||||
*显示信息托盘*
|
||||
|
||||
消息栏会提供一些通知。
|
||||
|
||||
按"super"+"M"呼出消息栏。
|
||||
消息托盘会提供一个通知列表。按"super"+"M"呼出消息托盘。
|
||||
|
||||
备选方法是鼠标移动到屏幕右下角。
|
||||
|
||||
![Lock The Screen.](http://f.tqn.com/y/linux/1/L/x/K/1/lockscreen.png)
|
||||
锁屏。
|
||||
|
||||
### 10. 锁屏 ###
|
||||
|
||||
![Lock The Screen.](http://f.tqn.com/y/linux/1/L/x/K/1/lockscreen.png)
|
||||
|
||||
*锁屏*
|
||||
|
||||
想要休息一会喝杯咖啡?不想误触键盘?
|
||||
|
||||
无论何时只要离开你的电脑应该习惯性的按下"super"+"L"锁屏。
|
||||
|
||||
解锁方法是从屏幕的下方向上拽,输入密码即可。
|
||||
|
||||
![Control Alt Delete Within Fedora.](http://f.tqn.com/y/linux/1/L/y/K/1/poweroff.png)
|
||||
Fedora中Control+Alt+Delete
|
||||
|
||||
### 11. 关机 ###
|
||||
|
||||
![Control Alt Delete Within Fedora.](http://f.tqn.com/y/linux/1/L/y/K/1/poweroff.png)
|
||||
|
||||
*Fedora中Control+Alt+Delete*
|
||||
|
||||
如果你曾是windows的用户,你一定记得著名的三指快捷操作CTRL+ALT+DELETE。
|
||||
|
||||
如果在键盘上同时按下CTRL+ALT+DELETE,Fedora就会弹出一则消息,提示你的电脑将在60秒后关闭。
|
||||
@ -158,18 +165,17 @@ Fedora中Control+Alt+Delete
|
||||
|
||||
[录制的内容][4]将以[webm][5]格式保存于当前用户家目录下的录像文件夹中。
|
||||
|
||||
![Put Windows Side By Side.](http://f.tqn.com/y/linux/1/L/z/K/1/splitwindows.png)
|
||||
并排显示窗口。
|
||||
|
||||
### 14. 并排显示窗口 ###
|
||||
|
||||
![Put Windows Side By Side.](http://f.tqn.com/y/linux/1/L/z/K/1/splitwindows.png)
|
||||
|
||||
*并排显示窗口*
|
||||
|
||||
你可以将一个窗口靠左占满左半屏,另一个窗口靠右占满右半屏,让两个窗口并排显示。
|
||||
|
||||
也可以按"Super"+"←"让当前应用占满左半屏。
|
||||
也可以按"Super"+"←"(左箭头)让当前应用占满左半屏。按"Super"+"→"(右箭头)让当前应用占满右半屏。
|
||||
|
||||
按"Super"+"→"让当前应用占满右半屏。
|
||||
|
||||
### 15. 窗口的最大化, 最小化和恢复 ###
|
||||
### 15. 窗口的最大化,最小化和恢复 ###
|
||||
|
||||
双击标题栏可以最大化窗口。
|
||||
|
||||
@ -177,11 +183,12 @@ Fedora中Control+Alt+Delete
|
||||
|
||||
右键菜单选择"最小化"就可以最小化了。
|
||||
|
||||
![GNOME Keyboard Shortcut Cheat Sheet. ](http://f.tqn.com/y/linux/1/L/-/L/1/gnomekeyboardshortcuts.png)
|
||||
GNOME快捷键速查表。
|
||||
|
||||
### 16. 总结 ###
|
||||
|
||||
![GNOME Keyboard Shortcut Cheat Sheet. ](http://f.tqn.com/y/linux/1/L/-/L/1/gnomekeyboardshortcuts.png)
|
||||
|
||||
*GNOME快捷键速查表*
|
||||
|
||||
我做了一份快捷键速查表,你可以打印出来贴在墙上,这样一定能够更快上手。
|
||||
|
||||
当你掌握了这些快捷键后,你一定会感慨这个桌面环境使用起来是如此的顺手。
|
||||
@ -196,8 +203,8 @@ GNOME快捷键速查表。
|
||||
via: http://linux.about.com/od/howtos/tp/Fedora-GNOME-Keyboard-Shortcuts.htm
|
||||
|
||||
作者:[Gary Newell][a]
|
||||
译者:[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
译者:[martin2011qi](https://github.com/martin2011qi)
|
||||
校对:[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
@ -1,21 +1,21 @@
|
||||
使用backupninja为Debian定制备份计划
|
||||
=======
|
||||
============
|
||||
|
||||
backupninja是Debian系统(以及基于Debian的发行版)中一个强大的、高度可配置的备份软件。在[前一篇文章][1]中,我们探讨了如何安装backupninja以及如何设置两个备份操作并执行。然而,那些只是冰山一角。这一次,我们要讨论如何利用Helper与辅助功能,可以使用这些功能定制策略以完成任何备份需要。
|
||||
backupninja是Debian系统(以及基于Debian的发行版)中一个强大的、高度可配置的备份软件。在[前一篇文章][1]中,我们探讨了如何安装backupninja以及如何设置两个备份操作并执行。然而,那些只是冰山一角。这一次,我们要讨论如何定制 Handler 和 Helper ,使用这些功能定制策略以完成任何备份需要。
|
||||
|
||||
###回顾 backupninja
|
||||
|
||||
backupninja的特点是它完全抛弃纯文本的配置文件/etc/backup.d,软件自己会搞定。另外,我们可以编写自定义脚本(又叫 “handlers”)放在/usr/share/backupninja 目录下来完成不同类型的备份操作。此外,可以通过ninjahelper的基于ncurses的交互式菜单(又叫”helpers")来指导我们创建一些配置文件,使得人工错误率降到最低。
|
||||
backupninja的一个独特的地方是它可以完全抛弃/etc/backup.d中的纯文本配置文件和操作文件,软件自己会搞定。另外,我们可以编写自定义脚本(又叫 “handler”)放在/usr/share/backupninja 目录下来完成不同类型的备份操作。此外,可以通过ninjahelper的基于ncurses的交互式菜单(又叫“helper”)来指导我们创建一些配置文件,使得人工错误降到最低。
|
||||
|
||||
###创建定制的Handler与Helper
|
||||
|
||||
这一节的目标是创建一个脚本,将home目录以**gzip**或**bzip2**压缩包的形式备份起来,不包括音乐与视频文件。我们将这个文件命名为home,将它放在/usr/backup/ninja目录下。
|
||||
|
||||
尽管你可以使用默认的tar handler(参考 /usr/share/backupninja/tar 与 /usr/share/backupninja/tar.helper)来达到这个效果,但是我们使用这种方法来展示如何创建实用的 handler 脚本与基于 ncurses 的 helper。你可以根据你的需求来决定如何运用同样的原则。
|
||||
尽管你可以使用默认的tar handler(参考 /usr/share/backupninja/tar 与 /usr/share/backupninja/tar.helper)来达到这个效果,但是我们使用这种方法来展示如何创建实用的 handler 脚本与基于 ncurses 的 helper。你可以根据你的需求来决定如何运用这里的方法。
|
||||
|
||||
由于 handlers 来源与主脚本,所以无需以#!/bin/bash开始。
|
||||
由于 handlers 来源于主脚本,所以无需以#!/bin/bash开始的释伴行(shebang line)。
|
||||
|
||||
我们推荐的 handler (/usr/share/backupninja/home)如下所示。它带有非常多的注释说明。getconf 功能用来读取备份操作的配置文件。如果你指定了一个变量的值,那么它会覆盖配置文件中对应变量的值:
|
||||
我们编写的 handler (/usr/share/backupninja/home)如下所示。已经详细注释了。getconf 函数用来读取备份操作的配置文件。如果你指定了一个变量的值,那么它会覆盖配置文件中对应变量的值:
|
||||
|
||||
#/home 目录 handler 脚本
|
||||
|
||||
@ -34,25 +34,25 @@ backupninja的特点是它完全抛弃纯文本的配置文件/etc/backup.d,软
|
||||
#不包含 *.mp3 与 *.mp4 文件
|
||||
getconf excludes
|
||||
|
||||
# 默认扩展一打包的备份文件
|
||||
# 要打包备份文件的默认扩展名
|
||||
getconf EXTENSION
|
||||
|
||||
# Absolute path to date binary
|
||||
# tar 程序的绝对路径
|
||||
getconf TAR `which tar`
|
||||
|
||||
# Absolute path to date binary
|
||||
# date 程序的绝对路径
|
||||
getconf DATE `which date`
|
||||
|
||||
# 日期格式
|
||||
DATEFORMAT="%Y-%m-%d"
|
||||
|
||||
# 如果备份目录不存在,以致命错误退出
|
||||
# 如果备份目录不存在,以致命错误退出
|
||||
if [ ! -d "$backupdir" ]
|
||||
then
|
||||
mkdir -p "$backupdir" || fatal "Can not make directory $backupdir"
|
||||
fi
|
||||
|
||||
# 如果备份目录不可写, 同样以致命错误退出
|
||||
# 如果备份目录不可写,同样以致命错误退出
|
||||
if [ ! -w "$backupdir" ]
|
||||
then
|
||||
fatal "Directory $backupdir is not writable"
|
||||
@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ backupninja的特点是它完全抛弃纯文本的配置文件/etc/backup.d,软
|
||||
exclude_options="$exclude_options --exclude $i"
|
||||
done
|
||||
|
||||
# 调试信息, 执行备份操作
|
||||
# 调试信息,执行备份操作
|
||||
debug "Running backup: " $TAR -c -p -v $compress_option $exclude_options \
|
||||
-f "$backupdir/$backupname-"`$DATE "+$DATEFORMAT"`".$EXTENSION" \
|
||||
$includes
|
||||
@ -100,9 +100,9 @@ backupninja的特点是它完全抛弃纯文本的配置文件/etc/backup.d,软
|
||||
|
||||
[ $? -ne 0 ] && fatal "Tar backup failed"
|
||||
|
||||
接下来我们将要创建helper文件 (/usr/share/backupninja/home.helper)这样,hendlers将会以菜单的形式在**ninjahelper**中显示:
|
||||
接下来我们将要创建helper文件(/usr/share/backupninja/home.helper)。这样,hendlers将会以菜单的形式在**ninjahelper**中显示:
|
||||
|
||||
# 备份操作描述. 以下划线分割单词.
|
||||
# 备份操作描述,以下划线分割单词
|
||||
HELPERS="$HELPERS home:backup_of_home_directories"
|
||||
|
||||
home_wizard() {
|
||||
@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ backupninja的特点是它完全抛弃纯文本的配置文件/etc/backup.d,软
|
||||
$home_includes
|
||||
$home_excludes
|
||||
|
||||
# 二进制压缩包,必须为GNU tar
|
||||
# tar 程序的路径,必须为GNU tar
|
||||
TAR `which tar`
|
||||
DATE `which date`
|
||||
DATEFORMAT "%Y-%m-%d"
|
||||
@ -186,19 +186,19 @@ backupninja的特点是它完全抛弃纯文本的配置文件/etc/backup.d,软
|
||||
|
||||
###运行 ninjahelper###
|
||||
|
||||
当创建了名为home的handler脚本以及对应的名为home.helper的helper后,运行ninjahelper命令创建一个新的备份操作。
|
||||
当创建了名为home的handler脚本以及对应的home.helper后,运行ninjahelper命令创建一个新的备份操作。
|
||||
|
||||
#ninjahelper
|
||||
|
||||
选择 create a new backup action(创建一个新的备份操作).
|
||||
选择 create a new backup action(创建一个新的备份操作)。
|
||||
|
||||
![](https://farm8.staticflickr.com/7467/15322605273_90edaa5bc1_z.jpg)
|
||||
|
||||
接下来将看到可选的操作类型,这里选择“backup of home directories"(备份home目录);
|
||||
接下来将看到可选的操作类型,这里选择“backup of home directories"(备份home目录):
|
||||
|
||||
![](https://farm9.staticflickr.com/8636/15754955450_f3ef82217b_z.jpg)
|
||||
|
||||
接下来会显示在helper中设置的默认值(这里只有3个)。可以编辑文本框中的值。注意,关于”when”变量的语法,参考文档的日程安排章节。
|
||||
然后会显示在helper中设置的默认值(这里只显示了3个)。可以编辑文本框中的值。注意,关于“when”变量的语法,参考文档的日程安排章节。
|
||||
|
||||
![](https://farm8.staticflickr.com/7508/15941578982_24b680e1c3_z.jpg)
|
||||
|
||||
@ -210,9 +210,9 @@ backupninja的特点是它完全抛弃纯文本的配置文件/etc/backup.d,软
|
||||
|
||||
![](https://farm8.staticflickr.com/7534/15942239225_bb66dbdb63.jpg)
|
||||
|
||||
按回车键显示这个备份操作的选项。因为它非常简单,可所以我们可以随便对它进行一些实验。
|
||||
按回车键显示这个备份操作的选项。因为它非常简单,所以我们可以随便对它进行一些实验。
|
||||
|
||||
注意,“run this action now"(立即运行)选项会不顾日程表安排的时间而立即进行备份操作:
|
||||
注意,“run this action now"(立即运行)选项会不顾日程表安排的时间而立即进行备份操作:
|
||||
|
||||
![](https://farm8.staticflickr.com/7508/15754955470_9af6251096_z.jpg)
|
||||
|
||||
@ -220,27 +220,26 @@ backupninja的特点是它完全抛弃纯文本的配置文件/etc/backup.d,软
|
||||
|
||||
![](https://farm9.staticflickr.com/8662/15754955480_487d040fcd_z.jpg)
|
||||
|
||||
上面的图片告诉我们,备份操作讲不会成功,因为它所需要链接的远程主机似乎宕机了。另外,在helper文件中指定的目录不存在。当纠正这些问题后,重新开始备份操作。
|
||||
上面的图片告诉我们,用于完成备份操作的连接没有建立,因为它所需要链接的远程主机似乎宕机了。另外,在helper文件中指定的目标目录不存在。当纠正这些问题后,重新开始备份操作。
|
||||
|
||||
需要牢记的事情:
|
||||
|
||||
- 当你新建了一个自定义脚本来处(如foobar)理特殊的备份操作时,那么你还需要编写与之对应的helper(foobar.helper)文件,ninjahelper 将通过它生成名为10.foobar(下一个操作为11,以此类推)的文件,保存在/etc/backup.d目录下,而这个文件才是备份操作的真正的配置文件。
|
||||
- 可以通过ninjahelper设定行备份操作的执行时间,或按照”when”变量中设置的频率来执行。
|
||||
- 当你在/usr/share/backupninja 下新建了一个自定义脚本(如foobar)来处理特殊的备份操作时,那么你还需要编写与之对应的helper(foobar.helper)文件,ninjahelper 将通过它生成名为10.foobar(下一个操作为11,以此类推)的文件,保存在/etc/backup.d目录下,而这个文件才是备份操作的真正的配置文件。
|
||||
- 可以通过ninjahelper设定好备份操作的执行时间,或按照“when”变量中设置的频率来执行。
|
||||
|
||||
###总结###
|
||||
|
||||
在这篇文章中,我们探讨了如何从头创建我们自己的备份操作,以及如何向ninjahelper添加相关的菜单以生成对应的配置文件。通过[上一篇][2]与这一篇文章,我希望我已经给出了足够好的理由让你继续研究,或者至少应该尝试一下。
|
||||
在这篇文章中,我们探讨了如何从头创建我们自己的备份操作,以及如何向ninjahelper添加相关的菜单以生成对应的配置文件。通过[上一篇][1]与这一篇文章,我希望我已经给出了足够好的理由让你继续研究,或者至少应该尝试一下。
|
||||
|
||||
------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://xmodulo.com/create-custom-backup-plan-debian.html
|
||||
|
||||
作者:[ Gabriel Cánepa][a]
|
||||
译者:[SPccman](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
作者:[Gabriel Cánepa][a]
|
||||
译者:[SPccman](https://github.com/SPccman)
|
||||
校对:[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://xmodulo.com/author/gabriel
|
||||
[1]:http://xmodulo.com/backup-debian-system-backupninja.html
|
||||
[2]:http://xmodulo.com/backup-debian-system-backupninja.html
|
||||
[1]:http://linux.cn/article-5096-1.html
|
@ -1,406 +0,0 @@
|
||||
FSSlc translating
|
||||
|
||||
Intense Gameplay? Try these 13 Roguelike games
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
Roguelike is a sub-genre of role-playing games. It literally means "a game like Rogue". Rogue is a dungeon crawling video game first released in 1980, standing out for being fiendishly addictive. Its goal was to retrieve the Amulet of Yendor, hidden deep in the 26th level, and ascend back to the top.
|
||||
|
||||
There is no exact definition of a roguelike, but this type of game typically has the following characteristics:
|
||||
|
||||
- High fantasy narrative background
|
||||
- Procedural level generation. Most of the game world is generated by the game for every new gameplay session. This is meant to encourage replayability
|
||||
- Turn-based dungeon exploration and combat
|
||||
- Tile-based graphics that are randomly generated
|
||||
- Random conflict outcomes
|
||||
- Permanent death death works realistically, once you're gone, you're gone
|
||||
- High difficulty
|
||||
|
||||
This article compiles a good selection of roguelike games available for Linux. If you enjoy intense, addictive gameplay, try these 13 games. Don't be put off by the primitive graphics, you'll soon forget the visuals once you get immersed. All of them are available to download without charge, and almost all are released under an open source license.
|
||||
|
||||
----------
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://www.linuxlinks.com/portal/content2/png/DungeonCrawlStoneSoup.png)
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://www.linuxlinks.com/portal/content/reviews/Games/Screenshot-Dungeon1.png)
|
||||
|
||||
Dungeon Crawl Stone Soup is an open-source, single-player, role-playing roguelike game of exploration and treasure-hunting in dungeons filled with dangerous and unfriendly monsters in a quest to rescue the mystifyingly fabulous Orb of Zot.
|
||||
|
||||
Dungeon Crawl Stone Soup is a continuation of Linley's Dungeon Crawl. It is openly developed and invites participation from the Crawl community.
|
||||
|
||||
Dungeon Crawl has superb, deep tactical gameplay, innovative magic and religion systems, and a grand variety of monsters to fight. Crawl is also one of the hardest roguelikes to beat. When you finally beat the game and write your victory post on rec.games.roguelike.misc, you know you have achieved something.
|
||||
|
||||
Features include:
|
||||
|
||||
- Well-rounded, deep tactically rich roguelike
|
||||
- Hand-drawn maps
|
||||
- Numerous portal vaults
|
||||
- Slick interface
|
||||
- Innovative magic and religion systems
|
||||
- Wide range of Gods, Characters, Items, and Smart Monsters
|
||||
|
||||
- Website: [crawl.develz.org][1]
|
||||
- Developer: Stone Soup devteam
|
||||
- License: Crawl General Public License
|
||||
- Version Number: 0.15.2
|
||||
|
||||
----------
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://www.linuxlinks.com/portal/content2/png/DwarfFortress.png)
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://www.linuxlinks.com/portal/content/reviews/Games/Screenshot-DwarfFortress.png)
|
||||
|
||||
Dwarf Fortress is a single-player fantasy game, similar to NetHack. You can control a dwarven outpost or an adventurer in a randomly generated, persistent world.
|
||||
|
||||
The game features three modes of play (Dwarf Fortress, Adventurer and Legends modes), a distinct, randomly-generated world (complete with terrain, wildlife and legends), gruesome combat mechanics and vicious schools of carp.
|
||||
|
||||
Features include:
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
- The world persists as long as you like, over many games, recording historical events and tracking changes
|
||||
- Command your dwarves as they search for wealth in the mountain
|
||||
- Craft treasures and furniture from many materials and improve these objects with precious metals, jewels and more
|
||||
- Defend yourself against attacks from hostile civilizations, the wilderness and the depths
|
||||
- Support the nobility as they make demands of your populace
|
||||
- Keep your dwarves happy and read their thoughts as they work and relax
|
||||
- Z coordinate allows you to dig out fortresses with multiple levels. Build towers or conquer the depths
|
||||
- Build floodgates to divert water for farming or to drown your adversaries
|
||||
- Play an adventurer and explore, quest for glory or seek vengeance
|
||||
- Meet adversaries from previous games
|
||||
- Recruit people in towns to come with you on your journey
|
||||
- Explore without cumbersome plot restrictions
|
||||
- Seamlessly wander the world -up to 197376 x 197376 squares total -or travel more rapidly on the region map
|
||||
- Accept quests from the town and civilization leaders
|
||||
- Retire and meet your old characters. Bring them along on an adventure with a new character or reactivate them and play directly
|
||||
- Z coordinate allows you to move seamlessly between dungeon levels and scale structures fighting adversaries above and below
|
||||
- The combat model uses skills, body parts, wrestling, charging and dodging between squares, bleeding, pain, nausea, and much more
|
||||
- A dynamic weather model tracks wind, humidity and air masses to create fronts, clouds, rain storms and blizzards
|
||||
- Over two hundred rock and mineral types are incorporated into the world, placed in their proper geological environments
|
||||
- Add new creatures, weapons, plants, metals and other objects via modifiable text files
|
||||
- Extended ASCII character set rendered in 16 colors (including black) as well as 8 background colors (including black)
|
||||
|
||||
- Website: [www.bay12games.com/dwarves/][2]
|
||||
- Developer: Tarn Adams
|
||||
- License: Freeware
|
||||
- Version Number: 0.40.19
|
||||
|
||||
----------
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://www.linuxlinks.com/portal/content2/png/ADOM.png)
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://www.linuxlinks.com/portal/content/reviews/Games2/Screenshot-ADOM.png)
|
||||
|
||||
Ancient Domains of Mystery (ADOM) is a rogue-like game which has been in development since 1994.
|
||||
|
||||
It is a single-user game featuring the exploration of a dungeon complex. You control a fictional character described by race, class, attributes, skills, and equipment. This fictional character is trying to achieve a specific goal (see below) and succeed in a difficult quest. To fulfill the quest, you have to explore previously undiscovered tunnels and dungeons, fight hideous monsters, uncover long forgotten secrets, and find treasures of all kind.
|
||||
|
||||
During the game, you explore dungeon levels which are randomly generated each game. You might also encounter certain special levels, which present a particular challenge or are built around a certain theme.
|
||||
|
||||
Features include:
|
||||
|
||||
- Huge game world with hundreds of locations such as towns, randomized dungeons, elemental temples, graveyards, ancient ruins, towers and other secrets
|
||||
- Loads of races (dwarves, drakelings, mist elves, hurthlings, orcs, trolls, ratlings and many others) and even more classes (fighters, elementalists, assassins, chaos knights, duelists and much more) allowing for infinite play styles
|
||||
- Hundreds of monsters and items, many with enhanced random features
|
||||
- A corruption system forcing you to balance lust for power with fear of damnation
|
||||
- Spells, prayers, mindcraft, alchemy, crafting and more
|
||||
- Dozens of quests and branching story lines
|
||||
- Numerous wildly different endings that might alter reality itself
|
||||
|
||||
- Website: [www.adom.de][3]
|
||||
- Developer: Thomas Biskup
|
||||
- License: Postcardware
|
||||
- Version Number: 1.20 Prelease 20
|
||||
|
||||
----------
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://www.linuxlinks.com/portal/content2/png/ToME.png)
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://www.linuxlinks.com/portal/content/reviews/Games2/Screenshot-ToME.png)
|
||||
|
||||
Tales of Maj’Eyal (ToME) is a free, open source roguelike RPG, featuring tactical turn-based combat and advanced character building. It is written as a module that runs in T-Engine 4.0.
|
||||
|
||||
This is the Age of Ascendancy, after over ten thousand years of strife, pain and chaos the known world is at last at relative peace. The Spellblaze last effects are now tamed, the land slowly heals itself and the civilisations rebuild themselves after the Age of Pyre.
|
||||
|
||||
Features include:
|
||||
|
||||
- Suitable for gamers without any rogueline experience
|
||||
- Supports both graphical tiles and ASCII mode
|
||||
- Over 40 abilities available on some characters
|
||||
- Talent system
|
||||
- Combat engine
|
||||
- Online persistent stat/achievement tracking
|
||||
- IRC chat client
|
||||
- Expandable and moddable
|
||||
- Atmospheric music
|
||||
- Unlock new races, classes, starting points, playmodes and features
|
||||
|
||||
- Website: [te4.org][4]
|
||||
- Developer: ToME Development Team
|
||||
- License: GNU GPL v3.0
|
||||
- Version Number: 1.2.5
|
||||
|
||||
----------
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://www.linuxlinks.com/portal/content2/png/CataclysmDarkDaysAhead1.png)
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://www.linuxlinks.com/portal/content/reviews/Games2/Screenshot-Cataclysm.png)
|
||||
|
||||
Cataclysm is an open source post-apocalyptic roguelike, set in the countryside of fictional New England after a devastating plague of monsters and zombies. It is a continuation of Whale's original Cataclysm, which expands it with numerous new creatures, buildings, gameplay mechanics and many other features.
|
||||
|
||||
While some have described it as a "zombie game", there's far more to Cataclysm than that. Struggle to survive in a harsh, persistent, procedurally generated world. Scavenge the remnants of a dead civilization for for food, equipment, or, if you're lucky, a vehicle with a full tank of gas to get you the hell out of Dodge. Fight to defeat or escape from a wide variety of powerful monstrosities, from zombies to giant insects to killer robots and things far stranger and deadlier, and against the others like yourself, that want what you have...
|
||||
|
||||
Cataclysm is very different from most roguelikes in many ways. Rather than being set in a vertical, linear dungeon, it is set in an unbounded, 3D world. This means that exploration plays a much bigger role than in most roguelikes, and the game is much less linear. As the map is so huge, it is actually completely persistant between games. If you die, and start a new character, your new game will be set in the same game world as your last. Like in many roguelikes, you will be able to loot the dead bodies of previous characters; unlike most roguelikes, you will also be able to retrace their steps completely, and any dramatic changes made to the world will persist into your next game.
|
||||
|
||||
Features include:
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
- Detailed character creation, with a plethora of traits to choose
|
||||
- Defense mode, a coffeebreak mode with fast-paced combat
|
||||
- Bionics; Similar to the magic system in many games
|
||||
- Mutations, both positive and negative
|
||||
- Unbounded, fully randomized world map that is persistent between characters
|
||||
- Item crafting
|
||||
- New recipes may be acquired by honing your knowledge through practice or learning from books
|
||||
- Realistic fire, smoke, and other dynamic map effects
|
||||
- A day/night cycle with the need to sleep. Use caffeine to stay awake longer if you must but be aware this is not healthy
|
||||
- Over 300 item types, including a multitude of real-world guns, drugs, and tools
|
||||
- Many drugs are addictive, and will require continuous use to avoid withdrawal effects.
|
||||
- Ability to board doors and windows, construct traps and fortify your home base to prevent a rude awakening by a zombie
|
||||
- Ability to construct your own wooden constructions, including walls and a roof
|
||||
- Ability to drive around in vehicles found in the post-apocalyptic landscape
|
||||
- These can be modified to your needs, or you could even build one from scratch
|
||||
- A temperature system, being too cold or too hot is quite hazardous
|
||||
- Preliminary tile support
|
||||
- WorldGen options, and versatile editing methods
|
||||
-
|
||||
- Website: [en.cataclysmdda.com][5]
|
||||
- Authors: Kevin Granade and others
|
||||
- License: Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License
|
||||
- Version Number: 0.B
|
||||
|
||||
----------
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://www.linuxlinks.com/portal/content2/png/GoblinHack1.png)
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://www.linuxlinks.com/portal/content/reviews/Games2/Screenshot-GoblinHack.png)
|
||||
|
||||
Goblin Hack is an open source roguelike OpenGL-based smooth-scrolling ASCII graphics game. The game is inspired by the likes of NetHack, but faster with fewer keys.
|
||||
|
||||
Goblin Hack has a simple interface that appears to appeal to players of all ages, and fires their imagination in today's world of over-rendered games.
|
||||
|
||||
Players can choose one of several classes before being thrown into the first floor of a randomized, ongoing dungeon.
|
||||
|
||||
Features include:
|
||||
|
||||
- Impressive graphics (compared with many other roguelike games)
|
||||
- Simple interface
|
||||
- Choose one of several classes before being thrown into the first floor of a randomized, ongoing dungeon
|
||||
- Manually save the game
|
||||
|
||||
- Website: [goblinhack.sourceforge.net][6], [github.com/goblinhack/goblinhack][7]
|
||||
- Authors: Neil McGill
|
||||
- License: GNU GPL v2
|
||||
- Version Number: 1.19
|
||||
|
||||
----------
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://www.linuxlinks.com/portal/content2/png/SLASH%27EM.png)
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://www.linuxlinks.com/portal/content/reviews/Games2/Screenshot-SlashEM.png)
|
||||
|
||||
Super Lotsa Added Stuff Hack - Extended Magic (SLASH'EM) is a role-playing game where you control a single character. SLASH'EM is a variant of NetHack. It also has an interface and gameplay similar to Rogue, ADOM, Anghand and NetHack. You control the actions through the keyboard and view the world from an overhead perspective.
|
||||
|
||||
The problem: The Amulet of Yendor has been stolen. Not only that but it appears that the Wizard of Yendor (not a nice person), who took the amulet, is hiding in the Dungeons of Doom (not a friendly place).
|
||||
|
||||
Features include:
|
||||
|
||||
- Offers extra features, monsters, and items
|
||||
- Novel features inlude the Monk class and Sokoban levels
|
||||
- The main dungeon is much larger than in NetHack
|
||||
|
||||
- Website: [www.slashem.org][8]
|
||||
- Developer: The Slash'EM development team
|
||||
- License: MIT License, NetHack General Public License
|
||||
- Version Number: 0.0.7E7F3
|
||||
|
||||
----------
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://www.linuxlinks.com/portal/content2/png/NetHack.png)
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://www.linuxlinks.com/portal/content/reviews/Games/Screenshot-NetHack.jpg)
|
||||
|
||||
NetHack is a wonderfully silly, yet quite addictive Dungeons and Dragons-style adventure game. The "net" element references that its development has been coordinated through the Internet. The "hack" element refers to a genre of role-playing games known as hack and slash for their focus on combat.
|
||||
|
||||
In NetHack you play the part of a fierce fighter, wizard, or any of many other classes, fighting your way down to retrieve the Amulet of Yendor (try saying THAT one backwards!) for your god. On the way, you might encounter a quantum mechanic or two, or perhaps a microscopic space fleet, or -- if you're REALLY lucky -- the Ravenous Bugblatter Beast of Traal.
|
||||
|
||||
Features include:
|
||||
|
||||
- 45-50 levels, most of which are randomly generated
|
||||
- Variety of items: weapons, armour, scrolls, potions, rings, gems, and an assortment of tools such as keys and lamps
|
||||
- Blessings and curses
|
||||
- Permadeath: expired characters cannot be revived without having made backup copies of the actual save files
|
||||
- Interfaces:
|
||||
- Console
|
||||
- Graphical, using X, Qt toolkit or GNOME libraries
|
||||
|
||||
- Website: [www.nethack.org][9]
|
||||
- Developer: The NetHack DevTeam
|
||||
- License: NetHack General Public License
|
||||
- Version Number: 3.4.3
|
||||
|
||||
----------
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://www.linuxlinks.com/portal/content2/png/AsciiSector.png)
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://www.linuxlinks.com/portal/content/reviews/Games2/Screenshot-AsciiSector.png)
|
||||
|
||||
Ascii Sector is a free space combat/exploration/trading game which is based on the classic computer game Wing Commander: Privateer released by Origin Systems in 1993.
|
||||
|
||||
In Ascii Sector, you start with a simple spaceship and can then accept missions or trade goods to earn enough money to upgrade your ship or buy a new one. You can engage in deadly fights both in space, on the ground and on board spaceships, and using the Ascii Sector scripting language, you can create your own quests for the game or have fun with other players' quests.
|
||||
|
||||
Features include:
|
||||
|
||||
- Uses the ANSI character set for the graphics
|
||||
- Real depth to the gameplay
|
||||
- Offers a wide variety of bases, missions, commodities and ships
|
||||
- Ships include: Broadsword, Centurion, Demon, Dralthi, Drayman, Galaxy, Gladius, Gothri, Kamekh, Nexus, Orion, Paradign, Stileto, Talon, Tarsus, and Ulysses
|
||||
- Four quadrants: Alizarin, Crimson, Mauve, and Viridian
|
||||
- Downloadable quests
|
||||
- Scripting of quests
|
||||
- Ascii Sector quest language, create your own stories in the Ascii Sector universe
|
||||
- NPCs on planets can be attacked and robbed
|
||||
- Persistent fleets that can move around, change control of systems, engage enemy fleets, head back for repairs and rebuilds
|
||||
- Ships whose systems have been disabled can be boarded
|
||||
- Download high quality music files
|
||||
|
||||
- Website: [www.asciisector.net][10]
|
||||
- Developer: Christian Knudsen
|
||||
- License: Freeware
|
||||
- Version Number: 0.7.1.4
|
||||
|
||||
----------
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://www.linuxlinks.com/portal/content2/png/Angband.png)
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://www.linuxlinks.com/portal/content/reviews/Games2/Screenshot-Angband.png)
|
||||
|
||||
Angband is a free, single-player graphical dungeon exploration game that uses ASCII characters where you take the role of an adventurer, exploring a deep dungeon, fighting monsters, and acquiring the best weaponry you can, in preparation for a final battle with Morgoth, the Lord of Darkness. It has been in development since the 1990s.
|
||||
|
||||
Angband is along the lines of Rogue and NetHack. It is derived from the games Moria and Umoria, which were in turn based on Rogue. It is often described as a "roguelike" game because the look and feel of the game is still quite similar to Rogue. Many of these new creatures and objects are drawn from the writings of J.R.R Tolkien, although some of the monsters come straight from classical mythology, Dungeons & Dragons, Rolemaster, or the minds of the orginal Angband coders.
|
||||
|
||||
Features include:
|
||||
|
||||
- 100 level dungeon
|
||||
- New levels are randomly generated
|
||||
- Choose to be a human, half-elf, elf, hobbit, gnome, dwarf, half-orc, half-troll, dunadan, high-elf, or kobold
|
||||
- Artifacts
|
||||
- Spellcasting
|
||||
- Monsters
|
||||
- Monster pits
|
||||
- Monster nests
|
||||
|
||||
- Website: [rephial.org][11]
|
||||
- Developer: Angband Development Team
|
||||
- License: GNU GPL v2
|
||||
- Version Number: 3.5.0
|
||||
|
||||
----------
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://www.linuxlinks.com/portal/content2/png/UnNetHack1.png)
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://www.linuxlinks.com/portal/content/reviews/Games2/Screenshot-UnNetHack.png)
|
||||
|
||||
UnNetHack is a fork of NetHack. NetHack was first released in 1987, and is considered by many gamers to be one of the best gaming experiences the computing world offers.
|
||||
|
||||
Features include:
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
- Adds a number of enhancements to NetHack such as additional monsters, more levels, a few new objects, additional dangers, more challenging gameplay, and most importantly more entertainment than vanilla NetHack
|
||||
- Tutorial to help new players get started
|
||||
|
||||
- Website: [sourceforge.net/apps/trac/unnethack][12]
|
||||
- Authors: Patric Mueller
|
||||
- License: Nethack General Public License
|
||||
- Version Number: 5.1.0
|
||||
|
||||
----------
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://www.linuxlinks.com/portal/content2/png/HydraSlayer.png)
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://www.linuxlinks.com/portal/content/reviews/Games2/Screenshot-HydraSlayer.png)
|
||||
|
||||
Hydra Slayer is an open source Roguelike game focused on slaying Hydras. It is inspired by Greek mythology, Dungeon Crawl, MathRL seven day roguelike, and some mathematical puzzles about brave heroes slaying many headed beasts.
|
||||
|
||||
Features include:
|
||||
|
||||
- Unique gameplay mechanics
|
||||
- A theme which mixes Greek mythology and mathematics
|
||||
- Traditional roguelike ASCII graphics, or tiles/3D display
|
||||
- 5 player character races with very distinct tactics, strengths and weaknesses
|
||||
- 28 enemy types:
|
||||
- 10 basic types of elemental hydras (each of them has two special variations)
|
||||
- 8 types of special enemies
|
||||
- Harmless mushrooms for strategic advantage
|
||||
- 28 types of equipment (not counting material and size/power variations)
|
||||
- 15 weapon materials
|
||||
- 18 types of non-equipment items
|
||||
- 3 game geometries to choose
|
||||
- 8 level topologies (including the Mobius strip and Klein bottle)
|
||||
- 11 level generators
|
||||
- 2 endings
|
||||
|
||||
- Website: [www.roguetemple.com/z/hydra][13]
|
||||
- Developer: Zeno Rogue
|
||||
- License: GNU GPL v2
|
||||
- Version Number: 16.1
|
||||
|
||||
----------
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://www.linuxlinks.com/portal/content2/png/Brogue1.png)
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://www.linuxlinks.com/portal/content/reviews/Games2/Screenshot-Brogue.png)
|
||||
|
||||
Brogue is an open source Roguelike game for Mac OS X, Windows, Linux, iOS and Android.
|
||||
|
||||
Brogue is a direct descendant of Rogue, a dungeon crawling video game first developed by Michael Toy and Glenn Wichman around 1980. Unlike other popular modern roguelikes, Brogue favors simplicity over complexity, while trying to ensure that the interactions between components are interesting and varied.
|
||||
|
||||
The goal of the game is to travel to the 26th subterranean floor of the dungeon, retrieve the Amulet of Yendor and return with it to the surface. For the truly skillful who desire further challenge, depths below 26 contain three lumenstones each, items which confer an increased score upon victory.
|
||||
|
||||
Brogue is a challenging game, but still great fun to play. Try not to be disheartened by the difficulty of the game; with some application, Brogue will become very addictive.
|
||||
|
||||
Features include:
|
||||
|
||||
- Favors simplicity over complexity
|
||||
- User-friendly features
|
||||
- Compared with Rogue, Brogue has a more sophisticated level generation
|
||||
- XP and levelling system removed
|
||||
- Traps, protecting items
|
||||
- Additional monster types and magical items
|
||||
|
||||
- Website: [sites.google.com/site/broguegame][14]
|
||||
- Authors: Brian Walker
|
||||
- License: GNU Affero GPL
|
||||
- Version Number: 1.7.3
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.linuxlinks.com/article/201412031524381/RoguelikeGames.html
|
||||
|
||||
作者:Frazer Kline
|
||||
译者:[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://crawl.develz.org/
|
||||
[2]:http://www.bay12games.com/dwarves/index.html
|
||||
[3]:http://www.adom.de/
|
||||
[4]:http://te4.org/
|
||||
[5]:http://en.cataclysmdda.com/
|
||||
[6]:http://goblinhack.sourceforge.net/
|
||||
[7]:https://github.com/goblinhack/goblinhack
|
||||
[8]:http://www.slashem.org/
|
||||
[9]:http://www.nethack.org/
|
||||
[10]:http://www.asciisector.net/
|
||||
[11]:http://rephial.org/
|
||||
[12]:http://sourceforge.net/apps/trac/unnethack/
|
||||
[13]:http://www.roguetemple.com/z/hydra/
|
||||
[14]:https://sites.google.com/site/broguegame/
|
@ -1,114 +0,0 @@
|
||||
Chess in a Few Bytes
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
I am showing my age by mentioning that my introduction to computing was a ZX81, a home computer produced by a UK developer (Sinclair Research) which had a whopping 1KB of RAM. The 1KB is not a typographical error, the home computer really shipped with a mere 1KB of onboard memory. But this memory limitation did not prevent enthusiasts producing a huge variety of software. In fact the machine sparked a generation of programming wizards who were forced to get to grips with its workings. The machine was upgradable with a 16KB RAM pack which offered so many more coding possibilities. But the unexpanded 1KB machine still inspired programmers to release remarkable software.
|
||||
|
||||
![1K ZX Chess ](http://www.linuxlinks.com/portal/content2/reviews/Games2/1KZXChess.jpg)
|
||||
|
||||
My favourite ZX81 games were Flight Simulation, 3D Monster Maze, Galaxians, and above all 1K ZX Chess. Only the latter was written for the unexpanded ZX81. In fact, David Horne's 1K ZX Chess was coded in a mere 672 bytes of RAM. However, the game managed to implement most chess rules, and offer a computer opponent. While some important rules were omitted (castling, pawn promotion, and en passant capture), it was still amazing to be able to play against artificial intelligence. The game took up a fair chunk of my misspent youth.
|
||||
|
||||
1K ZX Chess remained the smallest implementation of chess on any computer for 33 years until the record was broken by BootChess this year, and subsequently by Toledo AtomChess. These three games do not implement all of the chess rules, so for completeness I have included my favourite small implementation of chess that implements a complete set of chess rules.
|
||||
|
||||
Linux has a good range of extremely strong chess engines such as Stockfish, Critter, Togo II, Crafty, GNU Chess, and Komodo. The chess engines featured in this article offer no match to a good chess engine, but they show how much can be achieved with a minuscule codebase.
|
||||
|
||||
----------
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://www.linuxlinks.com/portal/content2/png/ToledoAtomchess.png)
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://www.linuxlinks.com/portal/content/reviews/Games2/Screenshot-Toledo.png)
|
||||
|
||||
You may have seen a considerable amount of press coverage about BootChess, a chess program written in 487 bytes of code, smashing the record of the then smallest chess program, 1K ZX Chess. Óscar Toledo Gutiérrez took up the mantle and decided to code an even more compact chess game. Toledo Atomchess is a mere 481 bytes of x86 assembly code which fits in a boot sector. The engine plays a reasonable game of chess given the limitations of its incredibly small codebase.
|
||||
|
||||
Features include:
|
||||
|
||||
- Basic chess movements
|
||||
- ASCII text representation of chess board
|
||||
- Moves are entered in algebraic form
|
||||
- Search depth of 3-ply
|
||||
|
||||
Obviously, to fit the chess of game into 481 bytes, the author had to make some sacrifices. These limitations include:
|
||||
|
||||
- No promotion of pawns
|
||||
- No castling
|
||||
- No en passant
|
||||
- No move validation
|
||||
|
||||
The author has also written chess programs in C, JavaScript and Java; each are very small implementations of chess.
|
||||
|
||||
- Website: [nanochess.org/chess6.html][1]
|
||||
- Developer: Óscar Toledo Gutiérrez
|
||||
- License: Free for non-commercial use
|
||||
- Version Number: -
|
||||
|
||||
----------
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://www.linuxlinks.com/portal/content2/png/BootChess.png)
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://www.linuxlinks.com/portal/content/reviews/Games2/Screenshot-BootChess.png)
|
||||
|
||||
BootChess is an extremely small computer implementation of chess. The game is crammed into a mere 487 bytes and runs on Windows, Mac OS X and Linux operating systems. The board and pieces of BootChess are represented by text alone, with P representing pawns, Q used for the queens and full stops entered for empty squares.
|
||||
|
||||
Features include:
|
||||
|
||||
- Graphic text representation of chess board and use input
|
||||
- Bootsector sized (512 bytes) with a playable chess game
|
||||
- x86 bios hardware only bootstrap (no software dependencies)
|
||||
- All main legal moves including double square pawn start
|
||||
- Pawn promotion to queen (contrary to 1k ZX Chess)
|
||||
- CPU artificial intelligence called taxiMax > minMax half-ply
|
||||
- Hard-coded Spanish white pieces opening
|
||||
|
||||
Again, there are some important limitations. Omissions include:
|
||||
|
||||
- Under-promotion
|
||||
- En passant pawn capture
|
||||
- No castling
|
||||
- 3-repetition rule
|
||||
- 50 move draw rule
|
||||
- No opening or closing books
|
||||
- One or more minMax/negaMax full plies for artificial intelligence
|
||||
|
||||
- Website: [www.pouet.net/prod.php?which=64962][2]
|
||||
- Developer: Olivier "Baudsurfer/RSi" Poudade
|
||||
- License: WTFPL v2
|
||||
- Version Number: .02
|
||||
|
||||
----------
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://www.linuxlinks.com/portal/content2/png/Micro-Max.png)
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://www.linuxlinks.com/portal/content/reviews/Games2/Screenshot-Micro-Max.png)
|
||||
|
||||
Micro-Max is a 133-line chess source which is written in C
|
||||
|
||||
The author has implemented a (hash) transposition table, the engine checks the legality of the input moves, and full FIDE rules except for for under-promotions.
|
||||
|
||||
Features include:
|
||||
|
||||
- Recursive negamax search
|
||||
- Quiescence search with recaptures
|
||||
- Recapture extensions
|
||||
- Iterative deepening
|
||||
- Best-move-first 'sorting'
|
||||
- Hash table storing score and best move
|
||||
- Full FIDE rules (except under promotion) and move-legality checking
|
||||
|
||||
There is also a stripped-down 1433-character version, but allowing you to play under-promotions for full FIDE-rule compliance.
|
||||
|
||||
- Website: [home.hccnet.nl/h.g.muller/max-src2.html][3]
|
||||
- Developer: Harm Geert Muller
|
||||
- License: The MIT License
|
||||
- Version Number: 3.2
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.linuxlinks.com/article/20150222033906262/ChessBytes.html
|
||||
|
||||
作者:Frazer Kline
|
||||
译者:[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://nanochess.org/chess6.html
|
||||
[2]:http://www.pouet.net/prod.php?which=64962
|
||||
[3]:http://home.hccnet.nl/h.g.muller/max-src2.html
|
@ -1,57 +0,0 @@
|
||||
Papyrus: An Open Source Note Manager
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
![](http://itsfoss.itsfoss.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Papyrus_Linux_4.jpeg)
|
||||
|
||||
In last post, we saw an [open source to-do app Go For It!][1]. In a similar article, today we’ll see an **open source note taking application Papyrus**.
|
||||
|
||||
[Papyrus][2] is a fork of [Kaqaz note manager][3] and is built on QT5. It brings a clean, polished user interface and is security focused (as it claims). Emphasizing on simplicity, I find Papyrus similar to OneNote. You organize your notes in ‘paper’ and add them a label for grouping those papers. Simple enough!
|
||||
|
||||
### Papyrus features: ###
|
||||
|
||||
Though Papyrus focuses on simplicity, it still has plenty of features up its sleeves. Some of the main features are:
|
||||
|
||||
- Note management with labels and categories
|
||||
- Advanced search options
|
||||
- Touch mode available
|
||||
- Full screen option
|
||||
- Back up to Dropbox/hard drive/external
|
||||
- Password protection for selective papers
|
||||
- Sharing papers with other applications
|
||||
- Encrypted synchronization via Dropbox
|
||||
- Available for Android, Windows and OS X apart from Linux
|
||||
|
||||
### Install Papyrus ###
|
||||
|
||||
Papyrus has APK available for Android users. There are installer files for Windows and OS X. Linux users can get source code of the application. Ubuntu and other Ubuntu based distributions can use the .deb packages. Based on your OS and preference, you can get the respective files from the Papyrus download page:
|
||||
|
||||
- [Download Papyrus][4]
|
||||
|
||||
### Screenshots ###
|
||||
|
||||
Here are some screenshots of the application:
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://itsfoss.itsfoss.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Papyrus_Linux_3-700x450_c.jpeg)
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://itsfoss.itsfoss.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Papyrus_Linux_2-700x450_c.jpeg)
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://itsfoss.itsfoss.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Papyrus_Linux_1-700x450_c.jpeg)
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://itsfoss.itsfoss.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Papyrus_Linux-700x450_c.jpeg)
|
||||
|
||||
Give Papyrus a try and see if you like it. Do share your experience with it with the rest of us here.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://itsfoss.com/papyrus-open-source-note-manager/
|
||||
|
||||
作者:[Abhishek][a]
|
||||
译者:[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/
|
||||
[1]:http://itsfoss.com/go-for-it-to-do-app-in-linux/
|
||||
[2]:http://aseman.co/en/products/papyrus/
|
||||
[3]:https://github.com/sialan-labs/kaqaz/
|
||||
[4]:http://aseman.co/en/products/papyrus/
|
@ -1,132 +0,0 @@
|
||||
How to Install Telegram Messenger Application on Linux
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
Telegram is an Instant Messaging (IM) application similar to whatsapp. It has a very large user base. It has a lot of features that differentiate it from other messaging application.
|
||||
|
||||
![Install Telegram in Linux](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Install-Telegram-in-Linux.png)
|
||||
Telegram Messenger for Linux
|
||||
|
||||
This article aims at making you aware of telegram application followed by detailed installation instructions on Linux Box.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Features of Telegram ####
|
||||
|
||||
- Implementation for mobile devices
|
||||
- Available for Desktop.
|
||||
- Application Program Interface (API) of Telegram can be Accessed by third party developers.
|
||||
- Available for Android, iphone/ipad, Windows Phone, Web-Version, PC, Mac and Linux
|
||||
- The above application provides Heavily Encrypted and self destruct messages.
|
||||
- Lets you access your message from multiple devices and platform.
|
||||
- The overall processing and message delivery is lightening fast.
|
||||
- Distributed server across the globe for security and speed.
|
||||
- Open API and Free Protocol
|
||||
- NoAds, No Subscription charge. – Free forever.
|
||||
- Powerful – No limit to media and chats
|
||||
- Several security measures that make it safe from Hackers.
|
||||
- Reply to Specific message in group. Mention @username to notify multiple users in group.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Why Telegram? ####
|
||||
|
||||
When Applications like whatsapp and other IM are providing almost same things in bag, why should someone opt for Telegram?
|
||||
|
||||
Well Availability of API to third party developer is enough to say. Moreover availability for PC which means you won’t have to struggle typing message using your mobile, but you can use your PC and that is pretty more than sufficient.
|
||||
|
||||
Also The option to connect on remote locations, Co-ordinate – Group of upto 200 Members, Sync all your devices, Send – Documents of all kind, Encrypt message, Self destruction of message, Storage of Media in Cloud, Build own tool on freely available API and what not.
|
||||
|
||||
**Testing Environment**
|
||||
|
||||
We have used Debian GNU/Linux, x86_64 architecture to test it and the overall process went very smooth for us. Here what we did stepwise.
|
||||
|
||||
### Installation of Telegram Messenger in Linux ###
|
||||
|
||||
First go to the official Telegram site, and download Telegram source package ([tsetup.0.7.23.tar.xz][1]) for Linux system or you may use following wget command to download directly.
|
||||
|
||||
# wget https://updates.tdesktop.com/tlinux/tsetup.0.7.23.tar.xz
|
||||
|
||||
Once package has been downloaded, unpack the tarball and switch from current working directory to the extracted directory.
|
||||
|
||||
# tar -xf tsetup.0.7.23.tar.xz
|
||||
# cd Telegram/
|
||||
|
||||
Next, execute the binary file ‘Telegram’ from the command line as shown below.
|
||||
|
||||
# ./Telegram
|
||||
|
||||
1. The first Impression. Click “START MESSAGING”.
|
||||
|
||||
![Start Messaging](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Start-Messaging.jpeg)
|
||||
Start Messaging
|
||||
|
||||
2. Enter Your phone Number. Click “NEXT”. If you have not registered for telegram before this, using the same number as entered above you will get a warning that you don’t have a telegram account yet. Click “Register Here”.
|
||||
|
||||
![Signup for Telegram](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Telegram-Register.png)
|
||||
Signup for Telegram
|
||||
|
||||
3. After submitting your phone number, telegram will send you a verification code, shortly. You need to Enter it.
|
||||
|
||||
![Telegram Verification Code](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Telegram-Verfication-Code.png)
|
||||
Telegram Verification Code
|
||||
|
||||
4. Enter your First_Name, Last_name and pics and click “SIGNUP”.
|
||||
|
||||
![Enter Account Details](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Enter-Account-Details.jpeg)
|
||||
Enter Account Details
|
||||
|
||||
5. After account creation, I got this interface. Everything seems at its place, even when I am new to telegram Application. The interface is really simple.
|
||||
|
||||
![Telegram Interface](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Telegram-Interface.jpeg)
|
||||
Telegram Interface
|
||||
|
||||
6. Click Add a contact and Enter Their first_name, last_name and Phone number. Click create when done!.
|
||||
|
||||
![Add New Telegram Contact](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Add-New-Telegram-Contact.png)
|
||||
Add New Telegram Contact
|
||||
|
||||
7. If the contact you added is not on telegram already, You get a warning message and telegram will acknowledge you when your contact joins telegram.
|
||||
|
||||
![Telegram Contact Notification](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Telegram-Contact-Notification.jpeg)
|
||||
Telegram Contact Notification
|
||||
|
||||
8. As soon as the contact joins telegram you get a message (pop-out like) that reads [YOUR_CONTACT] joined telegram.
|
||||
|
||||
9. A formal chat window on Linux Machine. Nice experience…
|
||||
|
||||
![Telegram Contact Join Message](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Telegram-Contact-Join-Message.jpeg)
|
||||
Telegram Contact Join Message
|
||||
|
||||
10. At the same time, I’ve tried messaging from my android mobile device, the interface looks similar on both.
|
||||
|
||||
![Telegram Mobile Interface](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Telegram-Mobile-Interface.png)
|
||||
Telegram Mobile Interface
|
||||
|
||||
11. Telegram settings page. You have a lot of options to configure.
|
||||
|
||||
![Telegram Settings](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Telegram-Settings.png)
|
||||
Telegram Settings
|
||||
|
||||
12. About Telegram.
|
||||
|
||||
![About Telegram](http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/About-Telegram.jpeg)
|
||||
About Telegram
|
||||
|
||||
#### Less Interesting Points ####
|
||||
|
||||
- Telegram usage protocol MTProto Mobile protocol.
|
||||
- Released Initially for iPhone in the year 2013 (August 14)..
|
||||
- People Behind this Amazing Project: Pavel and Nikolai Durov..
|
||||
|
||||
That’s all for now. I’ll be here again with another interesting article you will love to read. I take the pleasure on behalf of Tecmint to thank all our valuable readers and critics who made us stand where we are now through continuous self evolving process. Keep Connected! Keep Commenting. Share if you care for us.
|
||||
|
||||
- [https://telegram.org/][2]
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.tecmint.com/install-telegram-in-linux/
|
||||
|
||||
作者:[Avishek Kumar][a]
|
||||
译者:[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://www.tecmint.com/author/avishek/
|
||||
[1]:https://tdesktop.com/linux
|
||||
[2]:https://telegram.org/
|
103
sources/share/20150330 Picty--Managing Photos Made Easy.md
Normal file
103
sources/share/20150330 Picty--Managing Photos Made Easy.md
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
|
||||
Translating by H-mudcup
|
||||
Picty: Managing Photos Made Easy
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
![](http://1102047360.rsc.cdn77.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/picty_002-790x429.png)
|
||||
|
||||
### About Picty ###
|
||||
|
||||
**Picty** is a free, simple, yet powerful photo collection manager that will help you to manage your photos. It is designed around managing **metadata** and a **lossless** approach to image handling. Picty currently supports both online(web-based) and offline(local) collections. In local collections, the images will be stored in a local folder and it’s sub-folders. A database will be maintained to speed up the image queries in the user’s home folder. In online(web-based) collections, you can upload and share images through a web browser. Ant user with proper rights can share photos to any persons, and each user can have multiple collections open at once and collections can be shared by multiple users. There is a simple interface for transferring images between collections using a transfer plugin.
|
||||
|
||||
You can download any number of photos from your Camera or any devices. Also, Picty allows you to browse photo collections from your Camera before downloading it. Picty is lightweight application, and has snappy interface. It supports Linux, and Windows platforms.
|
||||
|
||||
### Features ###
|
||||
|
||||
- Supports big photo collections (20,000 plus images).
|
||||
- Open more than one collection at a time and transfer images between them.
|
||||
- Collections are:
|
||||
- Folders of images in your local file system.
|
||||
- Images on cameras, phones and other media devices.
|
||||
- Photo hosting services (Flickr currently supported).
|
||||
- picty does not “Import” photos into its own database, it simply provides an interface for accessing them wherever they are. To keep things snappy and to allow you to browse even if you are offline, picty maintains a cache of thumbnails and metadata.
|
||||
- Reads and writes metadata in industry standard formats Exif, IPTC and Xmp
|
||||
- Lossless approach:
|
||||
- picty writes all changes including image edits as metadata. e.g. an image crop is stored as any instruction, the original pixels remain in the file
|
||||
- Changes are stored in picty’s collection cache until you save your metadata changes to the images. You can easily revert unsaved changes that you don’t like.
|
||||
- Basic image editing:
|
||||
- Current support for basic image enhancements such as brightness, contrast, color, cropping, and straightening.
|
||||
- Improvements to those tools and other tools coming soon (red eye reduction, levels, curves, noise reduction)
|
||||
- Image tagging:
|
||||
- Use standard IPTC and Xmp keywords for image tags
|
||||
- A tag tree view lets you easily manage your tags and navigate your collection
|
||||
- Folder view:
|
||||
- Navigate the directory heirarchy of your image collection
|
||||
- Multi-monitor support
|
||||
- picty can be configured to let you browse your collection on one screen and view full screen images on another.
|
||||
- Customizable
|
||||
- Create launchers for external tools
|
||||
- Supports plugins – many of the current features (tagging and folder views, and all of the image editing tools) are provided by plugins
|
||||
- Written in python – batteries included!
|
||||
|
||||
### Installation ###
|
||||
|
||||
#### 1. Install from PPA ####
|
||||
|
||||
Picty developers has a PPA for Debian based distributions, like Ubuntu, to make the installation much easier.
|
||||
|
||||
To install in Ubuntu and derivatives, run:
|
||||
|
||||
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:damien-moore/ppa
|
||||
sudo apt-get update
|
||||
sudo apt-get install picty
|
||||
|
||||
#### 2. Install from Source ####
|
||||
|
||||
Also, you can install it from Source files. First, install the following dependencies.
|
||||
|
||||
sudo apt-get install bzr python-pyinotify python-pyexiv2 python-gtk2 python-gnome2 dcraw python-osmgpsmap python-flickrapi
|
||||
|
||||
Then, get the latest version using command:
|
||||
|
||||
bzr branch lp:picty
|
||||
|
||||
To run picty, change to the picty directory, and enter:
|
||||
|
||||
cd picty
|
||||
bin/picty
|
||||
|
||||
To update to the latest version, run:
|
||||
|
||||
cd picty
|
||||
bzr pull
|
||||
|
||||
### Usage ###
|
||||
|
||||
Launch Picty either from Menu or Unity Dash.
|
||||
|
||||
![picty_001](http://www.unixmen.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/picty_001.png)
|
||||
|
||||
You can either choose existing collection, device or directory. Let us create a **new collection**. To do that, create New Collection button. Enter the collection, and browse to the path where you have the images stored. Finally, click **Create** button.
|
||||
|
||||
![Create a Collection_001](http://www.unixmen.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Create-a-Collection_001.png)
|
||||
|
||||
![picty_002](http://www.unixmen.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/picty_002.png)
|
||||
|
||||
You can modify, rotate, add/remove tags, set descriptive info of each images. To do that, just right click any image and do the actions of your choice.
|
||||
|
||||
Visit the following Google group to get more information and support about Picty Photo manager.
|
||||
|
||||
- [http://groups.google.com/group/pictyphotomanager][1]
|
||||
|
||||
Cheers!
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.unixmen.com/picty-managing-photos-made-easy/
|
||||
|
||||
作者:[SK][a]
|
||||
译者:[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://www.unixmen.com/author/sk/
|
||||
[1]:http://groups.google.com/group/pictyphotomanager
|
154
sources/share/20150407 10 Truly Amusing Easter Eggs in Linux.md
Normal file
154
sources/share/20150407 10 Truly Amusing Easter Eggs in Linux.md
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,154 @@
|
||||
10 Truly Amusing Easter Eggs in Linux
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
![](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Adventure_Easteregg.PNG)
|
||||
The programmer working on Adventure slipped a secret feature into the game. Instead of getting upset about it, Atari decided to give these sorts of “secret features” a name -- “Easter Eggs” because… you know… you hunt for them. Image credit: Wikipedia.
|
||||
|
||||
Back in 1979, a video game was being developed for the Atari 2600 -- [Adventure][1].
|
||||
|
||||
The programmer working on Adventure slipped a secret feature into the game which, when the user moved an “invisible square” to a particular wall, allowed entry into a “secret room”. That room contained a simple phrase: “Created by [Warren Robinett][2]”.
|
||||
|
||||
Atari had a policy against putting author credits in their games, so this intrepid programmer put his John Hancock on the game by being, well, sneaky. Atari only found out about the “secret room” after Warren Robinett had left the company. Instead of getting upset about it, Atari decided to give these sorts of “secret features” a name -- “Easter Eggs” because… you know… you hunt for them -- and declared that they would be putting more of these “Easter Eggs” in future games.
|
||||
|
||||
This wasn’t the first such “hidden feature” built into a piece of software (that distinction goes to an operating system for the [PDP-10][3] from 1966, but this was the first time it was given a name. And it was the first time it really grabbed the attention of most computer users and gamers.
|
||||
|
||||
Linux (and Linux related software) has not been left out. Some truly amusing Easter Eggs have been created for our beloved operating system over the years. Here are some of my personal favorites -- with how to achieve them.
|
||||
|
||||
You’ll notice, rather quickly, that most of these are experienced via a terminal. That’s on purpose. Because terminals are cool. [I should also take this moment to say that if you try to run an application I list, and you do not have it installed, it will not work. You should install it first. Because… computers.]
|
||||
|
||||
### Arch : Pac-Man in pacman ###
|
||||
|
||||
We’re going to start with one just for the [Arch Linux][4] fans out there. You can add a [Pac-Man][5]-esque character to your progress bars in “[pacman][6]” (the Arch package manager). Why this isn’t enabled by default is beyond me.
|
||||
|
||||
To do this you’ll want to edit “/etc/pacman.conf” in your favorite text editor. Under the “# Misc options” section, remove the “#” in front of “Color” and add the line “ILoveCandy”. Because Pac-Man loves candy.
|
||||
|
||||
That’s it! Next time you fire up a terminal and run pacman, you’ll help the little yellow guy get some lunch (or at least some candy).
|
||||
|
||||
### GNU Emacs : Tetris and such ###
|
||||
|
||||
![emacs Tetris](http://www.linux.com/images/stories/41373/emacsTetris.jpg)
|
||||
I don’t like emacs. Not even a little bit. But it does play Tetris.
|
||||
|
||||
I have a confession to make: I don’t like [emacs][7]. Not even a little bit.
|
||||
|
||||
Some things fill my heart with gladness. Some things take away all my sadness. Some things ease my troubles. That’s [not what emacs does][8].
|
||||
|
||||
But it does play Tetris. And that’s not nothing. Here’s how:
|
||||
|
||||
Step 1) Launch emacs. (When in doubt, type “emacs”.)
|
||||
|
||||
Step 2) Hit Escape then X on your keyboard.
|
||||
|
||||
Step 3) Type “tetris” and hit Enter.
|
||||
|
||||
Bored of Tetris? Try “pong”, “snake” and a whole host of other little games (and novelties). Take a look in “/usr/share/emacs/*/lisp/play” for the full list.
|
||||
|
||||
### Animals Saying Things ###
|
||||
|
||||
The Linux world has a long and glorious history of animals saying things in a terminal. Here are the ones that are the most important to know by heart.
|
||||
|
||||
On a Debian-based distro? Try typing “apt-get moo".
|
||||
|
||||
![apt-get moo](http://www.linux.com/images/stories/41373/AptGetMoo.jpg)
|
||||
apt-get moo
|
||||
|
||||
Simple, sure. But it’s a talking cow. So we like it. Then try “aptitude moo”. It will inform you that “There are no Easter Eggs in this program”.
|
||||
|
||||
If there’s one thing you should know about [aptitude][9], it’s that it’s a dirty, filthy liar. If aptitude were wearing pants, the fire could be seen from space. Add a “-v” option to that same command. Keep adding more v’s until you force aptitude to come clean.
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://www.linux.com/images/stories/41373/AptitudeMoo.jpg)
|
||||
I think we can all agree, that this is probably the most important feature in aptitude.
|
||||
|
||||
I think we can all agree, that this is probably the most important feature in aptitude. But what if you want to put your own words into the mouth of a cow? That’s where “cowsay” comes in.
|
||||
|
||||
And, don’t let the name “cowsay” fool you. You can put words into so much more than just a cow. Like an elephant, Calvin, Beavis and even the Ghostbusters logo. Just do a “cowsay -l” from the terminal to get a complete list of options.
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://www.linux.com/images/stories/41373/cowsay.jpg)
|
||||
You can put words into so much more than just a cow.
|
||||
|
||||
Want to get really tricky? You can pipe the output of other applications into cowsay. Try “fortune | cowsay”. Lots of fun can be had.
|
||||
|
||||
### Sudo Insult Me Please ###
|
||||
|
||||
Raise your hand if you’ve always wanted your computer to insult you when you do something wrong. Hell. I know I have. Try this:
|
||||
|
||||
Type “sudo visudo” to open the “sudoers” file. In the top of that file you’ll likely see a few lines that start with “Defaults”. At the bottom of that list add “Defaults insults” and save the file.
|
||||
|
||||
Now, whenever you mistype your sudo password, your system will lob insults at you. Confidence boosting phrases such as “Listen, burrito brains, I don’t have time to listen to this trash.”, “Are you on drugs?” and “You’re mind just hasn’t been the same since the electro-shocks, has it?”.
|
||||
|
||||
This one has the side-effect of being a rather fun thing to set on a co-worker's computer.
|
||||
|
||||
### Firefox is cheeky ###
|
||||
|
||||
Here’s one that isn’t done from the Terminal! Huzzah!
|
||||
|
||||
Open up Firefox. In the URL bar type “about:about”. That will give you a list of all of the “about” pages in Firefox. Nothing too fancy there, right?
|
||||
|
||||
Now try “about:mozilla” and you’ll be greeted with a quote from the “[Book of Mozilla][10]” -- the holy book of web browsing. One of my other favorites, “about:robots”, is also quite excellent.
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://www.linux.com/images/stories/41373/About-Mozilla550.jpg)
|
||||
The “Book of Mozilla” -- the holy book of web browsing.
|
||||
|
||||
### Carefully Crafted Calendar Concoctions ###
|
||||
|
||||
Tired of the boring old [Gregorian Calendar][11]? Ready to mix things up a little bit? Try typing “ddate”. This will print the current date on the [Discordian Calendar][12]. You will be greeted by something that looks like this:
|
||||
|
||||
“Today is Sweetmorn, the 18th day of Discord in the YOLD 3181”
|
||||
|
||||
I hear what you’re saying, “But, this isn’t an Easter Egg!” Shush. I’ll call it an Easter Egg if I want to.
|
||||
|
||||
### Instant l33t Hacker Mode ###
|
||||
|
||||
Want to feel like you’re a super-hacker from a movie? Try setting nmap into “[Script Kiddie][13]” mode (by adding “-oS”) and all of the output will be rendered in the most 3l33t [h@x0r-y way][14] possible.
|
||||
|
||||
Example: “nmap -oS - google.com”
|
||||
|
||||
Do it. You know you want to. Angelina Jolie would be [super impressed][15].
|
||||
|
||||
### The lolcat Rainbow ###
|
||||
|
||||
Having awesome Easter Eggs and goodies in your Linux terminal is fine and dandy… but what if you want it to have a little more… pizazz? Enter: lolcat. Take the text output of any program and pipe it through lolcat to super-duper-rainbow-ize it.
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://www.linux.com/images/stories/41373/lolcat.jpg)
|
||||
Take the text output of any program and pipe it through lolcat to super-duper-rainbow-ize it.
|
||||
|
||||
### Cursor Chasing Critter ###
|
||||
|
||||
![oneko cat](http://www.linux.com/images/stories/41373/onekocat.jpg)
|
||||
“Oneko” -- the Linux port of the classic “Neko”.
|
||||
|
||||
“Oneko” -- the Linux port of the classic “[Neko][16]”.
|
||||
And that brings us to “oneko” -- the Linux port of the classic “Neko”. Basically a little cat that chases your cursor around the screen.
|
||||
|
||||
While this may not qualify as an “Easter Egg” in the strictest sense of the word, it’s still fun. And it feels Easter Egg-y.
|
||||
|
||||
You can also use different options (such as “oneko -dog”) to use a little dog instead of a cat and a few other tweaks and options. Lots of possibilities for annoying co-workers with this one.
|
||||
|
||||
There you have it! A list of my favorite Linux Easter Eggs (and things of that ilk). Feel free to add your own favorite in the comments section below. Because this is the Internet. And you can do that sort of thing.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.linux.com/news/software/applications/820944-10-truly-amusing-linux-easter-eggs-
|
||||
|
||||
作者:[Bryan Lunduke][a]
|
||||
译者:[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://www.linux.com/community/forums/person/56734
|
||||
[1]:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adventure_(Atari_2600)
|
||||
[2]:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warren_Robinett
|
||||
[3]:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PDP-10
|
||||
[4]:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arch_Linux
|
||||
[5]:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pac-Man
|
||||
[6]:http://www.linux.com/news/software/applications/820944-10-truly-amusing-linux-easter-eggs-#Pacman
|
||||
[7]:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GNU_Emacs
|
||||
[8]:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AQ4NAZPi2js
|
||||
[9]:https://wiki.debian.org/Aptitude
|
||||
[10]:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Book_of_Mozilla
|
||||
[11]:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregorian_calendar
|
||||
[12]:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discordian_calendar
|
||||
[13]:http://nmap.org/book/output-formats-script-kiddie.html
|
||||
[14]:http://nmap.org/book/output-formats-script-kiddie.html
|
||||
[15]:https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ql1uLyuWra8
|
||||
[16]:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neko_%28computer_program%29
|
@ -0,0 +1,55 @@
|
||||
Ambient Noise Player for Ubuntu Plays Relaxing Sounds to Keep You Creative
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
![Rain is a soothing sound for some](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/raining-1600x900-wallpaper_www.wallpapermay.com_84-1.jpg)
|
||||
Rain is a soothing sound for some
|
||||
|
||||
**If I plan on being productive I can’t listen to ‘regular’ music. It distracts me. I start singing along or get reminded of a different track, so end up poking around my library and… Well, that’s that.**
|
||||
|
||||
But by the same token I can’t work in silence (living with 6 cats means that’s not a possibility, though) but the inconsistency jars and sudden clatters and meows interrupt.
|
||||
|
||||
My solution that is to **listen to ambient noise**.
|
||||
|
||||
I find it helps nullify the misdirection my brain craves, land provide a soundscape that wraps the noise of kitty play time.
|
||||
|
||||
Ambient noise is the noise that play out in the background of daily lives; the rain drumming on a window, the intelligible hum of coffee shop chatter, the gossiping of birds on the wind, and so on.
|
||||
|
||||
Listening to these sounds can force a racing mind to slow down, rebase and refocus on what matters.
|
||||
|
||||
### Ambient Noise App for Ubuntu ###
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/ambient-noise-player-750x365.jpg)
|
||||
|
||||
Google Play and Apple app stores are packed full of ambient and white noise apps. Now a similar tool is available natively on Ubuntu.
|
||||
|
||||
‘[Ambient Noise][1]‘ — as the name might suggest — is an audio player designed specifically for playing these sounds. It even integrates with the Ubuntu Sound Menu for a neat ‘pick, click and relax’ experience.
|
||||
|
||||
The app, which is also known as ‘ANoise Player’ and is made by Marcos Costales, comes with a set of **8 high-quality sounds**.
|
||||
|
||||
These 8 presets cover various ambient atmospheres, ranging from the rhythmic sound of rain, to the tranquil tones of nature at night, and back to the buzz of a bustling coffee shop in the afternoon.
|
||||
|
||||
### Install ANoise Player in Ubuntu ###
|
||||
|
||||
Ambient Noise player for Ubuntu is a free application and is available to install from its own dedicated PPA.
|
||||
|
||||
To do this open a new Terminal window and run:
|
||||
|
||||
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:costales/anoise
|
||||
|
||||
sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install anoise
|
||||
|
||||
Once installed simply open it from the Unity Dash (or your DE’s equivalent), pick your preferred noise using Sound Menu and then …relax! The app even remembers which sound you used last.
|
||||
|
||||
Even so, give it a try out and see if it suits your needs. I would say let me know what you think, but I will be too focused to hear — and so might you!
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2015/04/ambient-noise-player-app-for-ubuntu-linux
|
||||
|
||||
作者:[Joey-Elijah Sneddon][a]
|
||||
译者:[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:https://plus.google.com/117485690627814051450/?rel=author
|
||||
[1]:http://anoise.tuxfamily.org/
|
@ -0,0 +1,86 @@
|
||||
Top 6 Ways To Get Your iTunes Experience On Linux
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
![](http://cdn.makeuseof.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/itunes-linux-840x420.jpg?35dc20)
|
||||
|
||||
As you’re getting used to Linux (potentially as your new main operating system), you’ll eventually try to find a way to efficiently manage your music. iTunes comes to mind because it’s been the most popular way to manage music over the years, but you’ll quickly find out that iTunes isn’t available natively on Linux. Plus, better ways exist to manage your music now that it’s 2015.
|
||||
|
||||
However, that doesn’t automatically mean that you won’t be able to manage your music the way you want to. There’s plenty of other ways to keep tabs on your music library. Here’s six great ways to get it done.
|
||||
|
||||
### iTunes via WINE ###
|
||||
|
||||
Even if iTunes isn’t available in Linux as a native application, you can still try to [get it to work under WINE][1] or PlayOnLinux. These pieces of software try to add a compatibility layer so that Windows applications work on Linux, but the results are far from perfect. Therefore, [not all Windows applications will run with WINE][2] — but it’s still worth a try.
|
||||
|
||||
Each version of iTunes can give you different results, but the general process is as follows:
|
||||
|
||||
1. Install WINE
|
||||
1. Run the iTunes installer via WINE
|
||||
1. Google and try to solve any problems you come across.
|
||||
|
||||
Again, you might come across issues somewhere along the way which cannot be solved, such as the installer failing or the installed application refusing to run. That’s just how it is with WINE.
|
||||
|
||||
If you really want to use iTunes and you happen to luck out with WINE, then that’s great. However, if you’d rather use a native Linux application or WINE didn’t work for you, then there are options here as well. Several “music library manager” programs are available to give you a quick oversight of your music and play it directly in the application, as well as make playlists.
|
||||
|
||||
### [Amarok][3] ###
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://cdn.makeuseof.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/amarok_main.jpg?35dc20)
|
||||
|
||||
If you use KDE, then I’d recommend Amarok. It has [plenty of features to manage your music][4] and tight desktop integration with KDE. It also has useful features such as Last.FM integration, file tracking, dynamic playlists, and script support. It can even pull up biographies of artists as you play their songs.
|
||||
|
||||
### [Banshee][5] ###
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://cdn.makeuseof.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/banshee_main.jpg?35dc20)
|
||||
|
||||
If you use GNOME or any GTK-based desktop environment (they’re quite common), then I’d recommend Banshee as a [full-featured music library][6] manager. It has a very similar feature set as Amarok, including Last.FM integration, Internet radio support, podcast support, and much more. Amarok and Banshee are really among the top two choices, so which one you choose should depend on which desktop environment you’re using (for integration’s sake).
|
||||
|
||||
### [Rhythmbox][7] ###
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://cdn.makeuseof.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/rhythmbox_main.jpg?35dc20)
|
||||
|
||||
Rhythmbox as a more [lightweight music library alternative][8] that is best used on GTK-based desktop environments. However, it still has quite a few features. You also get Last.FM support here, plus gapless playback and integration with various other applications such as Nautilus, XChat, and Pidgin.
|
||||
|
||||
### [Clementine][9] ###
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://cdn.makeuseof.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/clementine_main.jpg?35dc20)
|
||||
|
||||
Another application called Clementine also gets my recommendation with its clean and intuitive interface. It has tons of support for third-party services such as Spotify, Digitally Imported, and Dropbox. There’s also an Android app you can use as a remote control for Clementine. [Clementine is cross-platform][10] and available for Windows and Mac OS X.
|
||||
|
||||
They all are excellent at managing and playing your music. The only downside to all of these is that there is no iOS device integration, and there’s currently no modern application that can do that. However, iOS has received enough improvements that it’s virtually unnecessary to connect it to a computer anymore.
|
||||
|
||||
### [Google Play Music][11] ###
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://cdn.makeuseof.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/google_music.jpg?35dc20)
|
||||
|
||||
Lastly, if none of those applications satisfy your needs, you can take a look at Google Play Music. This online service acts as a music library manager that can play your music, but it also has some extra benefits. You can upload all your music to it and have access on any device connected to the Internet. That also means that you won’t have to sync your music between your computer and your mobile device (no matter if Android or iOS) because you have access to Google Play Music from both. If you want to expand your library you can get the All Access subscription, but it’s not a requirement. You can use it simply as a music library completely free for up to 20,000 songs.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Wot, no Spotify?! ####
|
||||
|
||||
The only reason why I don’t mention Spotify is that, although it’s also a great way to access and listen to music, it doesn’t really let you manage your own music. You can’t upload trakcs to Spotify — you have to listen to what they give you. Albeit they give you a lot, but it’s nonetheless a different mechanism.
|
||||
|
||||
### You Have Options ###
|
||||
|
||||
With these six options, you should be able to get iTunes-like functionality on your desktop. These options focused mainly on managing and playing your music library, but if there are any other features that you need from iTunes, other Linux-native applications can take care of those needs.
|
||||
|
||||
**What music applications do you regularly use on Linux?** Let us know in the comments!
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.makeuseof.com/tag/top-6-ways-get-itunes-experience-linux/
|
||||
|
||||
作者:[Danny Stieben][a]
|
||||
译者:[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://www.makeuseof.com/tag/author/danny/
|
||||
[1]:http://www.makeuseof.com/tag/how-about-some-wine-with-your-linux/
|
||||
[2]:http://www.makeuseof.com/answers/does-wine-runs-all-windows-apps/
|
||||
[3]:https://amarok.kde.org/
|
||||
[4]:http://www.makeuseof.com/tag/control-music-amarok-linux/
|
||||
[5]:http://banshee.fm/
|
||||
[6]:http://www.makeuseof.com/tag/banshee-20-comprehensive-media-player-streamer-podcast-tool-linux/
|
||||
[7]:https://wiki.gnome.org/Apps/Rhythmbox
|
||||
[8]:http://www.makeuseof.com/tag/play-manage-music-collection-rhythmbox-linux/
|
||||
[9]:https://www.clementine-player.org/
|
||||
[10]:http://www.makeuseof.com/tag/need-a-lightweight-music-player-without-sacrificing-features-clementine-cross-platform/
|
||||
[11]:http://music.google.com/
|
@ -0,0 +1,133 @@
|
||||
10 Years of Git: An Interview with Git Creator Linus Torvalds
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
> Linus Torvalds explains why he created Git
|
||||
>
|
||||
> ![](http://www.linuxveda.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/10/Linus_Torvalds.jpg)
|
||||
>
|
||||
> Thanks to Linus' Git today GitHub is the world's biggest code hoster in the world with over 9 million users and over 21.1 million repositories.
|
||||
>
|
||||
> By Swapnil Bhartiya -
|
||||
>
|
||||
> Git will be celebrating it’s 10 anniversary this month. It’s yet another contribution of Linus Torvalds to the world in addition to Sub Surface and Linux. [Jennifer Cloer of The Linux Foundation interviewed the father of Linux][2] and presented us with a very comprehensive story behind Git.
|
||||
>
|
||||
> When Cloer asked Linus why he created Git, his answer was:
|
||||
>
|
||||
> “I really never wanted to do source control management at all and felt that it was just about the least interesting thing in the computing world (with the possible exception of databases ;^), and I hated all SCM’s with a passion.”
|
||||
>
|
||||
> He then played with BitKeeper which he initially liked as in his own words:
|
||||
>
|
||||
> “BK got most things right and having a local copy of the repository and distributed merging was a big deal.”
|
||||
>
|
||||
> But he was not satisfied:
|
||||
>
|
||||
> “I had performance requirements that were not even remotely satisfied by what was available, and I also worried about integrity of the code and the whole workflow, so I ended up just deciding to write my own.”
|
||||
>
|
||||
> And the rest is history. Today GitHub is the world’s biggest code hoster in the world with over 9 million users and over 21.1 million repositories.
|
||||
>
|
||||
> via:http://www.linuxveda.com/2015/04/06/linus-torvalds-explains-why-he-created-git/
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://www.linux.com/images/stories/714/Linus-Torvalds-LinuxCon-Europe-2014.jpg)
|
||||
|
||||
Ten years ago this week, the Linux kernel community faced a daunting challenge: They could no longer use their revision control system BitKeeper and no other Software Configuration Management (SCMs) met their needs for a distributed system. Linus Torvalds, the creator of Linux, took the challenge into his own hands and disappeared over the weekend to emerge the following week with Git. Today Git is used for thousands of projects and has ushered in a new level of social coding among programmers.
|
||||
|
||||
To celebrate this milestone, we asked Linus to share the behind-the-scenes story of Git and tell us what he thinks of the project and its impact on software development. You'll find his comments in the story below. We'll follow this Q&A with a week of Git in which we profile a different project each day that is using the revision control system. Look for the stories behind KVM, Qt, Drupal, Puppet and Wine, among others.
|
||||
|
||||
### Why did you create Git? ###
|
||||
|
||||
**Torvalds**: I really never wanted to do source control management at all and felt that it was just about the least interesting thing in the computing world (with the possible exception of databases ;^), and I hated all SCM's with a passion. But then BitKeeper came along and really changed the way I viewed source control. BK got most things right and having a local copy of the repository and distributed merging was a big deal. The big thing about distributed source control is that it makes one of the main issues with SCM's go away - the politics around "who can make changes." BK showed that you can avoid that by just giving everybody their own source repository. But BK had its own problems, too; there were a few technical choices that caused problems (renames were painful), but the biggest downside was the fact that since it wasn't open source, there was a lot of people who didn't want to use it. So while we ended up having several core maintainers use BK - it was free to use for open source projects - it never got ubiquitous. So it helped kernel development, but there were still pain points.
|
||||
|
||||
That then came to a head when Tridge (Andrew Tridgell) started reverse-engineering the (fairly simply) BK protocol, which was against the usage rules for BK. I spent a few weeks (months? It felt that way) trying to mediate between Tridge and Larry McVoy, but in the end it clearly wasn't working. So at some point I decided that I can't continue using BK, but that I really didn't want to go back to the bad old pre-BK days. Sadly, at the time, while there were some other SCM's that kind of tried to get the whole distributed thing, none of them did it remotely well. I had performance requirements that were not even remotely satisfied by what was available, and I also worried about integrity of the code and the whole workflow, so I ended up just deciding to write my own.
|
||||
|
||||
### How did you approach it? Did you stay up all weekend to write it or was it just during regular hours? ###
|
||||
|
||||
**Torvalds**: Heh. You can actually see how it all took shape in the git source code repository, except for the very first day or so. It took about a day to get to be "self-hosting" so that I could start committing things into git using git itself, so the first day or so is hidden, but everything else is there. The work was clearly mostly during the day, but there's a few midnight entries and a couple of 2 a.m. ones. The most interesting part is how quickly it took shape ; the very first commit in the git tree is not a lot of code, but it already did the basics - enough to commit itself. The trick wasn't really so much the coding but coming up with how it organizes the data.
|
||||
|
||||
So I'd like to stress that while it really came together in just about ten days or so (at which point I did my first *kernel* commit using git), it wasn't like it was some kind of mad dash of coding. The actual amount of that early code is actually fairly small, it all depended on getting the basic ideas right. And that I had been mulling over for a while before the whole project started. I'd seen the problems others had. I'd seen what I wanted to avoid doing.
|
||||
|
||||
### Has it lived up to your expectations? How is it working today in your estimation? Are there any limitations? ###
|
||||
|
||||
**Torvalds**: I'm very happy with git. It works remarkably well for the kernel and is still meeting all my expectations. What I find interesting is how it took over so many other projects, too. Surprisingly quickly, in the end. There is a lot of inertia in switching source control systems; just look at how long CVS and even RCS have stayed around, but at some point git just took over.
|
||||
|
||||
### Why do you think it's been so widely adopted? ###
|
||||
|
||||
**Torvalds**: I think that many others had been frustrated by all the same issues that made me hate SCM's, and while there have been many projects that tried to fix one or two small corner cases that drove people wild, there really hadn't been anything like git that really ended up taking on the big problems head on. Even when people don't realize how important that "distributed" part was (and a lot of people were fighting it), once they figure out that it allows those easy and reliable backups, and allows people to make their own private test repositories without having to worry about the politics of having write access to some central repository, they'll never go back.
|
||||
|
||||
### Does Git last forever, or do you foresee another revision control system in another 10 years? Will you be the one to write it? ###
|
||||
|
||||
**Torvalds**: I'm not going to be the one writing it, no. And maybe we'll see something new in ten years, but I guarantee that it will be pretty "git-like." It's not like git got everything right, but it got all the really basic issues right in a way that no other SCM had ever done before.
|
||||
|
||||
No false modesty ;)
|
||||
|
||||
### Why does Git work so well for Linux? ###
|
||||
|
||||
**Torvalds**: Well, it was obviously designed for our workflow, so that is part of it. I've already mentioned the whole "distributed" part many times, but it bears repeating. But it was also designed to be efficient enough for a biggish project like Linux, and it was designed to do things that people considered "hard" before git - because those are the things *I* do every day.
|
||||
|
||||
Just to pick an example: the concept of "merging" was generally considered to be something really quite painful and hard in most SCM's. You'd plan your merges, because they were big deals. That's not acceptable to me, since I commonly do tens of merges a day when in the merge window, and even then, the biggest overhead shouldn't be the merge itself, it should be testing the result. The "git" part of the merge is just a couple of seconds, it should take me much longer just to write the merge explanation message.
|
||||
|
||||
So git was basically designed and written for my requirements, and it shows.
|
||||
|
||||
### People have said that Git is only for super smart people. Even Andrew Morton said Git is "expressly designed to make you feel less intelligent than you thought you were." What's your response to this? ###
|
||||
|
||||
**Torvalds**: So I think it used to be true but isn't any more. There is a few reasons people feel that way, but I think only one of them remains. The one that remains is fairly simple: "you can do things so many ways."
|
||||
|
||||
You can do a lot of things with git, and many of the rules of what you *should* do are not so much technical limitations but are about what works well when working together with other people. So git is a very powerful set of tools, and that can not only be overwhelming at first, it also means that you can often do the same (or similar) things different ways, and they all "work." Generally, the best way to learn git is probably to first only do very basic things and not even look at some of the things you can do until you are familiar and confident about the basics.
|
||||
|
||||
There's a few historical reasons for why git was considered complicated. One of them is that it was complicated. The people who started using git very early on in order to work on the kernel really had to learn a very rough set of scripts to make everything work. All the effort had been on making the core technology work and very little on making it easy or obvious. So git (deservedly) had a reputation for requiring you to know exactly what you did early on. But that was mainly true for the first 6 months or a year.
|
||||
|
||||
The other big reason people thought git was hard is that git is very different. There are people who used things like CVS for a decade or two, and git is not CVS. Not even close. The concepts are different. The commands are different. Git never even really tried to look like CVS, quite the reverse. And if you've used a CVS-like system for a long time, that makes git appear complicated and needlessly different. People were put off by the odd revision numbers. Why is a git revision not "1.3.1" with nice incrementing numbers like it was in CVS? Why is it that odd scary 40-character HEX number?
|
||||
|
||||
But git wasn't "needlessly different." The differences are required. It's just that it made some people really think it was more complicated than it is, because they came from a very different background. The "CVS background" thing is going away. By now there are probably lots of programmers out there who have never used CVS in their lives and would find the CVS way of doing things very confusing, because they learned git first.
|
||||
|
||||
### Do you think the rate of Linux kernel development would have been able to grow at its current rate without Git? Why or why not? ###
|
||||
|
||||
**Torvalds**: Well, "without git," sure. But it would have required that somebody else wrote something git-equivalent: a distributed SCM that is as efficient as git is. We definitely needed something *like* git.
|
||||
|
||||
### What's your latest opinion of GitHub? ###
|
||||
|
||||
**Torvalds**: Github is an excellent hosting service; I have nothing against it at all. Now, the complaints I've had is that GitHub as a development platform - making commits, pull requests, keeping track of issues etc - doesn't work very well at all. It's not even close, not for something like the kernel. It's much too limited.
|
||||
|
||||
That's partly because of how the kernel is developed, but part of it was that the GitHub interfaces were actively encouraging bad behavior. Commits done on GitHub had bad commit messages etc, because the web interfaces at GitHub were actively encouraging bad behavior. They did fix some of that, so it probably works better, but it will never be appropriate for something like the Linux kernel.
|
||||
|
||||
### What is the most interesting use you've seen for Git and/or GitHub? ###
|
||||
|
||||
**Torvalds**: I'm just happy that it made it so easy to start a new project. Project hosting used to be painful, and with git and GitHub it's just so trivial to do a random small project. It doesn't matter what the project is; what matters is that you can do it.
|
||||
|
||||
### Do you have side projects up your sleeve today? Any more brilliant software projects that will dominate software development for years to come? ###
|
||||
|
||||
**Torvalds**: Nothing planned. But I'll let you know if that changes.
|
||||
|
||||
Atlassian is also helping to celebrate the anniversary of Git. Click on the image below to [take a walk down memory lane][1].
|
||||
|
||||
![](http://www.linux.com/images/stories/714/AtlassianGit10year.jpg)
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.linux.com/news/featured-blogs/185-jennifer-cloer/821541-10-years-of-git-an-interview-with-git-creator-linus-torvalds
|
||||
|
||||
作者:[Jennifer Cloer][a]
|
||||
译者:[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://www.linux.com/community/forums/person/714/catid/185-jennifer-cloer
|
||||
[1]:https://www.atlassian.com/git/articles/10-years-of-git/
|
||||
[2]:http://www.linux.com/news/featured-blogs/185-jennifer-cloer/821541-10-years-of-git-an-interview-with-git-creator-linus-torvalds
|
||||
[3]:
|
||||
[4]:
|
||||
[5]:
|
||||
[6]:
|
||||
[7]:
|
||||
[8]:
|
||||
[9]:
|
||||
[10]:
|
||||
[11]:
|
||||
[12]:
|
||||
[13]:
|
||||
[14]:
|
||||
[15]:
|
||||
[16]:
|
||||
[17]:
|
||||
[18]:
|
||||
[19]:
|
||||
[20]:
|
@ -1,265 +0,0 @@
|
||||
Real-World WordPress Benchmarks with PHP5.5 PHP5.6 PHP-NG and HHVM
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
**TL;DR In a local, Vagrant-based environment HHVM lost, probably due to a bug; it’s still investigated with the help of the HHVM guys! However on a DigitalOcean 4GB box it beat even the latest build of PHP-NG!**
|
||||
|
||||
![](https://kinsta.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/07/phphhvm.jpg)
|
||||
|
||||
**Update: Please take a look at the results at the end of the article! They reflect the power of HHVM better (after the JIT warmup), for some reason we cannot get these results with all setups though.
|
||||
|
||||
The tests below were done in a Vagrant/VVV environment, the results are still interesting, it might be a bug in HHVM or the Vagrant setup that’s preventing it from kicking into high speed, we’re investigating the issue with the HHVM guys.**
|
||||
|
||||
If you remember we [wrote an article a good couple of months ago][1] when WordPress 3.9 came out that HHVM was fully supported beginning with that release, and we were all happy about it. The initial benchmark results showed HHVM to be far more superior than the Zend engine that’s currently powering all PHP builds. Then the problems came:
|
||||
|
||||
- HHVM can only be run as one user, which means less security (in shared environments)
|
||||
- HHVM does not restart itself after it crashes, and unfortunately it still does that quite often
|
||||
- HHVM uses a lot of memory right from the start, and yes, it per-request memory usage will be lower once you scale compared to PHP-FPM
|
||||
|
||||
Obviously you have to compromise based on your (or rather your sites’) needs but is it worth it? How much of a performance gain can you expect by switching to HHVM?
|
||||
|
||||
At Kinsta we really like to test everything new and generally optimize everything to provide the best environment to our clients. Today I finally took the time to set up a test environment and do some tests to compare a couple of different builds with a fresh out of the box WordPress install and one that has a bunch of content added plus runs WooCommerce! To measure the script running time I simply added the
|
||||
|
||||
<?php timer_stop(1); ?>
|
||||
|
||||
line before the /body tag of the footer.php’s.
|
||||
|
||||
**Note:
|
||||
Previously this section contained benchmarks made with Vagrant/Virtualbox/Ubuntu14.04 however for some reason HHVM was really underperforming, probably due to a bug or a limitation of the virtualized environment. We feel that these test results do not reflect the reality so we re-run the tests on a cloud server and consider these valid.**
|
||||
|
||||
Here are the exact setup details of the environment:
|
||||
|
||||
- DigitalOcean 4GB droplet (2 CPU cores, 4GB RAM)
|
||||
- Ubuntu 14.04, MariaDB10
|
||||
- Test site: Munditia Theme with Demo Content Imported, WooCommerce 2.1.12 & WordPress 3.9.1
|
||||
- PHP 5.5.9, PHP 5.5.15, PHP 5.6.0 RC2, PHP-NG (20140718-git-6cc487d) and HHVM 3.2.0 (version says PHP 5.6.99-hhvm)
|
||||
|
||||
**Without further ado, these were my test results, the lower the better, values in seconds:**
|
||||
|
||||
### DigitalOcean 4GB droplet ###
|
||||
|
||||
Seconds, 10 runs, lower the better.
|
||||
|
||||
这里有一个canvas的数据,发布的时候需要截一个图
|
||||
|
||||
It looks like that PHP-NG achieves its peak performance after the first run! HHVM needs a couple more reloads, but their performance seems to be almost equal! I can’t wait until PHP-NG is merged into the master! :)
|
||||
|
||||
Hits in a minute, higher the better.
|
||||
|
||||
这里有一个canvas的数据,发布的时候需要截一个图
|
||||
|
||||
**PHP 5.5.15 OpCache Disabled**
|
||||
|
||||
- Transactions: **236 hits**
|
||||
- Availability: 100.00 %
|
||||
- Elapsed time: 59.03 secs
|
||||
- Data transferred: 2.40 MB
|
||||
- Response time: 2.47 secs
|
||||
- Transaction rate: 4.00 trans/sec
|
||||
- Throughput: 0.04 MB/sec
|
||||
- Concurrency: 9.87
|
||||
- Successful transactions: 236
|
||||
- Failed transactions: 0
|
||||
- Longest transaction: 4.44
|
||||
- Shortest transaction: 0.48
|
||||
|
||||
**PHP 5.5.15 OpCache Enabled**
|
||||
|
||||
- Transactions: **441 hits**
|
||||
- Availability: 100.00 %
|
||||
- Elapsed time: 59.55 secs
|
||||
- Data transferred: 4.48 MB
|
||||
- Response time: 1.34 secs
|
||||
- Transaction rate: 7.41 trans/sec
|
||||
- Throughput: 0.08 MB/sec
|
||||
- Concurrency: 9.91
|
||||
- Successful transactions: 441
|
||||
- Failed transactions: 0
|
||||
- Longest transaction: 2.19
|
||||
- Shortest transaction: 0.64
|
||||
|
||||
**PHP 5.6 RC2 OpCache Disabled**
|
||||
|
||||
- Transactions: **207 hits**
|
||||
- Availability: 100.00 %
|
||||
- Elapsed time: 59.87 secs
|
||||
- Data transferred: 2.10 MB
|
||||
- Response time: 2.80 secs
|
||||
- Transaction rate: 3.46 trans/sec
|
||||
- Throughput: 0.04 MB/sec
|
||||
- Concurrency: 9.68
|
||||
- Successful transactions: 207
|
||||
- Failed transactions: 0
|
||||
- Longest transaction: 3.65
|
||||
- Shortest transaction: 0.54
|
||||
|
||||
**PHP 5.6 RC2 OpCache Enabled**
|
||||
|
||||
- Transactions: **412 hits**
|
||||
- Availability: 100.00 %
|
||||
- Elapsed time: 59.03 secs
|
||||
- Data transferred: 4.18 MB
|
||||
- Response time: 1.42 secs
|
||||
- Transaction rate: 6.98 trans/sec
|
||||
- Throughput: 0.07 MB/sec
|
||||
- Concurrency: 9.88
|
||||
- Successful transactions: 412
|
||||
- Failed transactions: 0
|
||||
- Longest transaction: 1.93
|
||||
- Shortest transaction: 0.34
|
||||
|
||||
**HHVM 3.2.0 (version says PHP 5.6.99-hhvm)**
|
||||
|
||||
- Transactions: **955 hits**
|
||||
- Availability: 100.00 %
|
||||
- Elapsed time: 59.69 secs
|
||||
- Data transferred: 9.18 MB
|
||||
- Response time: 0.62 secs
|
||||
- Transaction rate: 16.00 trans/sec
|
||||
- Throughput: 0.15 MB/sec
|
||||
- Concurrency: 9.94
|
||||
- Successful transactions: 955
|
||||
- Failed transactions: 0
|
||||
- Longest transaction: 0.85
|
||||
- Shortest transaction: 0.23
|
||||
|
||||
**PHP-NG OpCache Enabled (built: Jul 29 2014 )**
|
||||
|
||||
- Transactions: **849 hits**
|
||||
- Availability: 100.00 %
|
||||
- Elapsed time: 59.88 secs
|
||||
- Data transferred: 8.63 MB
|
||||
- Response time: 0.70 secs
|
||||
- Transaction rate: 14.18 trans/sec
|
||||
- Throughput: 0.14 MB/sec
|
||||
- Concurrency: 9.94
|
||||
- Successful transactions: 849
|
||||
- Failed transactions: 0
|
||||
- Longest transaction: 1.06
|
||||
- Shortest transaction: 0.13
|
||||
|
||||
----------
|
||||
|
||||
**Note:
|
||||
These are the previous test results, they’re faulty. I left them here for future reference but please do NOT consider these values a truthful representation!**
|
||||
|
||||
Here are the exact setup details of the environment:
|
||||
|
||||
- Apple MacBook Pro mid-2011 (Intel Core i7 2 GHz 4 cores, 4GB RAM, 256GB Ocz Vertex 3 MI)
|
||||
- Current Varying Vagrant Vagrants build with Ubuntu 14.04, nginx 1.6.x, mysql 5.5.x, etc.
|
||||
- Test site 1: WordPress 3.9.1 bare minimum
|
||||
- Test site 2: Munditia Theme with Demo Content Imported, WooCommerce 2.1.12 & WordPress 3.9.1
|
||||
- PHP 5.5.9, PHP 5.5.15, PHP 5.6.0 RC2, PHP-NG (20140718-git-6cc487d) and HHVM 3.2.0 (version says PHP 5.6.99-hhvm)
|
||||
|
||||
**Default Theme, Default WordPress 3.9.1, PHP 5.5.9-1ubuntu4.3 (with OpCache 7.0.3)**
|
||||
|
||||
**Faulty results. Please read the note above!** Seconds, 10 runs, lower the better.
|
||||
|
||||
这里有一个canvas的数据,发布的时候需要截一个图
|
||||
|
||||
### Munditia Theme with Demo Content Imported, WooCommerce 2.1.12 & WordPress 3.9.1 (OpCache Disabled) ###
|
||||
|
||||
**Faulty results. Please read the note above**! Seconds, 10 runs, lower the better.
|
||||
|
||||
这里有一个canvas的数据,发布的时候需要截一个图
|
||||
|
||||
### Munditia Theme with Demo Content Imported, WooCommerce 2.1.12 & WordPress 3.9.1 (OpCache Enabled) ###
|
||||
|
||||
**Faulty results. Please read the note above!** Seconds, 10 runs, lower the better.
|
||||
|
||||
这里有一个canvas的数据,发布的时候需要截一个图
|
||||
|
||||
**Siege
|
||||
parameters: 10 concurrent users for 1 minute: siege -c 10 -b -t 1M**
|
||||
|
||||
**Faulty results. Please read the note above!** Hits in a minute, higher the better.
|
||||
|
||||
这里有一个canvas的数据,发布的时候需要截一个图
|
||||
|
||||
**PHP5.5 OpCache Disabled (PHP 5.5.15-1+deb.sury.org~trusty+1)Faulty results. Please read the note above!**
|
||||
|
||||
- Transactions: 35 hits
|
||||
- Availability: 100.00 %
|
||||
- Elapsed time: 59.04 secs
|
||||
- Data transferred: 2.03 MB
|
||||
- Response time: 14.56 secs
|
||||
- Transaction rate: 0.59 trans/sec
|
||||
- Throughput: 0.03 MB/sec
|
||||
- Concurrency: 8.63
|
||||
- Successful transactions: 35
|
||||
- Failed transactions: 0
|
||||
- Longest transaction: 18.73
|
||||
- Shortest transaction: 5.80
|
||||
|
||||
**HHVM 3.2.0 (version says PHP 5.6.99-hhvm)Faulty results. Please read the note above!**
|
||||
|
||||
- Transactions: 44 hits
|
||||
- Availability: 100.00 %
|
||||
- Elapsed time: 59.53 secs
|
||||
- Data transferred: 0.42 MB
|
||||
- Response time: 12.00 secs
|
||||
- Transaction rate: 0.74 trans/sec
|
||||
- Throughput: 0.01 MB/sec
|
||||
- Concurrency: 8.87
|
||||
- Successful transactions: 44
|
||||
- Failed transactions: 0
|
||||
- Longest transaction: 13.40
|
||||
- Shortest transaction: 2.65
|
||||
|
||||
**PHP5.5 OpCache Enabled (PHP 5.5.15-1+deb.sury.org~trusty+1 with OpCache 7.0.4-dev)Faulty results. Please read the note above!**
|
||||
|
||||
- Transactions: 100 hits
|
||||
- Availability: 100.00 %
|
||||
- Elapsed time: 59.30 secs
|
||||
- Data transferred: 5.81 MB
|
||||
- Response time: 5.69 secs
|
||||
- Transaction rate: 1.69 trans/sec
|
||||
- Throughput: 0.10 MB/sec
|
||||
- Concurrency: 9.60
|
||||
- Successful transactions: 100
|
||||
- Failed transactions: 0
|
||||
- Longest transaction: 7.25
|
||||
- Shortest transaction: 2.82
|
||||
|
||||
**PHP5.6 OpCache Enabled (PHP 5.6.0RC2 with OpCache 7.0.4-dev)Faulty results. Please read the note above!**
|
||||
|
||||
- Transactions: 103 hits
|
||||
- Availability: 100.00 %
|
||||
- Elapsed time: 59.99 secs
|
||||
- Data transferred: 5.98 MB
|
||||
- Response time: 5.51 secs
|
||||
- Transaction rate: 1.72 trans/sec
|
||||
- Throughput: 0.10 MB/sec
|
||||
- Concurrency: 9.45
|
||||
- Successful transactions: 103
|
||||
- Failed transactions: 0
|
||||
- Longest transaction: 6.87
|
||||
- Shortest transaction: 2.52
|
||||
|
||||
**PHP-NG OpCache Enabled (20140718-git-6cc487d)Faulty results. Please read the note above!**
|
||||
|
||||
- Transactions: 124 hits
|
||||
- Availability: 100.00 %
|
||||
- Elapsed time: 59.32 secs
|
||||
- Data transferred: 7.19 MB
|
||||
- Response time: 4.58 secs
|
||||
- Transaction rate: 2.09 trans/sec
|
||||
- Throughput: 0.12 MB/sec
|
||||
- Concurrency: 9.57
|
||||
- Successful transactions: 124
|
||||
- Failed transactions: 0
|
||||
- Longest transaction: 6.86
|
||||
- Shortest transaction: 2.24
|
||||
|
||||
**What do you think about this test? Did I miss something? What would you like to see in the next benchmarking article? Please leave your comment below!**
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://kinsta.com/blog/real-world-wordpress-benchmarks-with-php5-5-php5-6-php-ng-and-hhvm/
|
||||
|
||||
作者:[Mark Gavalda][a]
|
||||
译者:[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:https://kinsta.com/blog/author/kinstadmin/
|
||||
[1]:https://kinsta.com/blog/hhvm-and-wordpress/
|
@ -1,87 +0,0 @@
|
||||
How to Install Cherokee Lightweight Web Server on Ubuntu 14.04
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
**Cherokee** is an free and open source high performance, lightweight, full-featured web server and running on major platform (Linux, Mac OS X, Solaris, and BSD). It is compatible with TLS/SSL,FastCGI, SCGI, PHP, uWSGI, SSI, CGI, LDAP, HTTP proxying, video streaming, content caching, traffic shaping, virtual hosts, Apache compatible log files, and load balancing.
|
||||
|
||||
Today we'll explains how to install and configure the Light Weight Cherokeeweb server on Ubuntu Server edition 14.04 LTS (Trusty) and should also work with 12.04, 12.10 and 13. 04, just skip the modification of source list.
|
||||
|
||||
Step by step install and configure the Cherokee web server on Ubuntu Server edition
|
||||
|
||||
### 1. Updating Ubuntu Package Index ###
|
||||
|
||||
First, Login into Ubuntu Server and make sure your ubuntu server update, run the following commands one by one, and install any available updates:
|
||||
|
||||
sudo apt-get update
|
||||
|
||||
sudo apt-get upgrade
|
||||
|
||||
### 2. Adding PPA ###
|
||||
|
||||
Add the PPA cherokee webserver. by running the following commands
|
||||
|
||||
sudo add-apt-repository ppa:cherokee-webserver
|
||||
|
||||
sudo apt-get update
|
||||
|
||||
Now, only for servers running Ubuntu 14.04 LTS (Trusty) follow this step below
|
||||
|
||||
cd /etc/apt/sources.list.d
|
||||
|
||||
nano cherokee-webserver-ppa-trusty.list
|
||||
|
||||
replace:
|
||||
|
||||
deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/cherokee-webserver/ppa/ubuntu trusty main
|
||||
|
||||
to:
|
||||
|
||||
deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/cherokee-webserver/ppa/ubuntu saucy main
|
||||
|
||||
**then again run:**
|
||||
|
||||
sudo apt-get update
|
||||
|
||||
### 3. Installing Cherokee Web Server using apt-get ###
|
||||
|
||||
Enter the following command to install the Cherokee web server including Module SSL
|
||||
|
||||
sudo apt-get install cherokee cherokee-admin cherokee-doc libcherokee-mod-libssl libcherokee-mod-streaming libcherokee-mod-rrd
|
||||
|
||||
### 4. Configuring Cherokee ###
|
||||
|
||||
sudo service cherokee start
|
||||
|
||||
The best part about using its Web Server is being able to manage all of its configurations through a simple to use web interface. This interface, known as cherokee-admin, is the recommended means of administering cherokee web server through web browser. Start cherokee-admin by running the following command:
|
||||
|
||||
sudo cherokee-admin
|
||||
|
||||
**Note: The cherokee-admin will display the administration user name, One-time Password and administration web interface.**
|
||||
|
||||
**Note down your One-Time password. You will need this when you login to its admin web interface.**
|
||||
|
||||
By default, cherokee-admin can only accessed from localhost. If you need to access the admin for other network address using the parameter ‘**-b**’. If you doesn’t mention any ip address, it will automatically listen to all network interfaces. Then you can connect to cherokee-admin from other network address.
|
||||
|
||||
sudo cherokee-admin -b
|
||||
|
||||
If you need to access its admin from specific network address
|
||||
|
||||
sudo cherokee-admin -b 192.168.1.102
|
||||
|
||||
### 5. Browse your Cherokee Admin Panel ###
|
||||
|
||||
Now you can access the administration panel from you favorite browser by typing http://hostname_or_IP:9090/ for me its http://127.0.0.1:9090/, it will appear on your browser like this:
|
||||
|
||||
![cherokee-admin-panel](http://blog.linoxide.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/cherokee-admin.png)
|
||||
|
||||
Hurray, we have successfully installed and configured Cherokee Web Server in our Ubuntu Server.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://linoxide.com/ubuntu-how-to/install-cherokee-lightweight-web-server-ubuntu-14-04/
|
||||
|
||||
作者:[Arun Pyasi][a]
|
||||
译者:[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对:[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://linoxide.com/author/arunp/
|
@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
|
||||
FSSlc translating
|
||||
|
||||
How to Remember and Restore Running Applications on Next Logon
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
You have made some apps running in your Ubuntu and don't want to stop the process, just managed your windows and opened your stuffs needed to work. Then, something else demands your attention or you have battery low in your machine and you have to shut down. No worries. You can have Ubuntu remember all your running applications and restore them the next time you log in.
|
||||
@ -94,4 +96,4 @@ via: http://linoxide.com/ubuntu-how-to/remember-running-applications-ubuntu/
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译,[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://linoxide.com/author/arunp/
|
||||
[a]:http://linoxide.com/author/arunp/
|
||||
|
Some files were not shown because too many files have changed in this diff Show More
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user