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[Translated] 20150409 4 Tools Send Email with Subject, Body and Attachment in Linux.md
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4 Tools Send Email with Subject, Body and Attachment in Linux
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================================================================================
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In today's article we will cover a few ways you can use to send emails with attachments from the command line interface on Linux. It can have quite a few uses, for example to send an archive with an application from an application server to email or you can use the commands in scripts to automate some process. For our examples,we will use the file foo.tar.gz as our attachment.
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There are various ways to send emails from command line using different mail clients but here I am sharing few mail client utility used by most users like mailx, mutt and swaks.
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All the tools we will present to you are very popular and present in the repositories of most Linux distributions, you can install them using the following commands:
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For **Debian / Ubuntu** systems
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apt-get install mutt
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apt-get install swaks
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apt-get install mailx
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apt-get install sharutils
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For Red Hat based systems like **CentOS** or **Fedora**
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yum install mutt
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yum install swaks
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yum install mailx
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yum install sharutils
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### 1) Using mail / mailx ###
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The mailx utility found as the default mailer application in most Linux distributions now includes the support to attach file. If it is not available you can easily install using the following commands please take note that this may not be supported in older versions, to check this you can use the command:
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$ man mail
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And the first line should look like this:
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mailx [-BDdEFintv~] [-s subject] [-a attachment ] [-c cc-addr] [-b bcc-addr] [-r from-addr] [-h hops] [-A account] [-S variable[=value]] to-addr . . .
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As you can see it supports the -a attribute to add a file to the email and -s attribute to subject to the email. Use few of below examples to send mails.
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**a) Simple Mail**
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Run the mail command, and then mailx would wait for you to enter the message of the email. You can hit enter for new lines. When done typing the message, press Ctrl+D and mailx would display EOT.
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After than mailx automatically delivers the email to the destination.
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$ mail user@example.com
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HI,
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Good Morning
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How are you
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EOT
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**b) To send email with subject**
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$ echo "Email text" | mail -s "Test Subject" user@example.com
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-s is used for defining subject for email.
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**c) To send message from a file**
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$ mail -s "message send from file" user@example.com < /path/to/file
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**d) To send message piped using the echo command**
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$ echo "This is message body" | mail -s "This is Subject" user@example.com
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**e) To send email with attachment**
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$ echo “Body with attachment "| mail -a foo.tar.gz -s "attached file" user@example.com
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-a is used for attachments
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### 2) mutt ###
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Mutt is a text-based email client for Unix-like systems. It was developed over 20 years ago and it's an important part of Linux history, one of the first clients to support scoring and threading capabilities. Use few of below examples to send email.
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**a) Send email with subject & body message from a file**
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$ mutt -s "Testing from mutt" user@example.com < /tmp/message.txt
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**b) To send body message piped using the echo command**
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$ echo "This is the body" | mutt -s "Testing mutt" user@example.com
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**c) To send email with attachment**
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$ echo "This is the body" | mutt -s "Testing mutt" user@example.com -a /tmp/foo.tar.gz
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**d) To send email with multiple attachments**
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$ echo "This is the body" | mutt -s "Testing" user@example.com -a foo.tar.gz –a bar.tar.gz
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### 3) swaks ###
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Swaks stands for Swiss Army Knife for SMTP and it is a featureful, flexible, scriptable, transaction-oriented SMTP test tool written and maintained by John Jetmore. You can use the following syntax to send an email with attachment:
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$ swaks -t "foo@bar.com" --header "Subject: Subject" --body "Email Text" --attach foo.tar.gz
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The important thing about Swaks is that it will also debug the full mail transaction for you, so it is a very useful tool if you also wish to debug the mail sending process:
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As you can see it gives you full details about the sending process including what capabilities the receiving mail server supports, each step of the transaction between the 2 servers.
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### 4) uuencode ###
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Email transport systems were originally designed to transmit characters with a seven-bit encoding -- like ASCII. This meant they could send messages with plain text but not "binary" text, such as program files or image files that used all of an eight-bit byte. The program is used to solve this limitation is “uuencode”( "UNIX to UNIX encoding") which encode the mail from binary format to text format that is safe to transmit & program is used to decode the data is called “uudecode”
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We can easily send binary text such as a program files or image files using uuencode with mailx or mutt email client is shown by following example:
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$ uuencode example.jpeg example.jpeg | mail user@example.com
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### Shell Script : Explain how to send email ###
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#!/bin/bash
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FROM=""
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SUBJECT=""
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ATTACHMENTS=""
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TO=""
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BODY=""
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# Function to check if entered file names are really files
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function check_files()
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{
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output_files=""
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for file in $1
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do
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if [ -s $file ]
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then
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output_files="${output_files}${file} "
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fi
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done
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echo $output_files
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}
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echo "*********************"
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echo "E-mail sending script."
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echo "*********************"
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echo
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# Getting the From address from user
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while [ 1 ]
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do
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if [ ! $FROM ]
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then
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echo -n -e "Enter the e-mail address you wish to send mail from:\n[Enter] "
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else
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echo -n -e "The address you provided is not valid:\n[Enter] "
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fi
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read FROM
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echo $FROM | grep -E '^.+@.+$' > /dev/null
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if [ $? -eq 0 ]
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then
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break
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fi
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done
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echo
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# Getting the To address from user
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while [ 1 ]
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do
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if [ ! $TO ]
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then
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echo -n -e "Enter the e-mail address you wish to send mail to:\n[Enter] "
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else
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echo -n -e "The address you provided is not valid:\n[Enter] "
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fi
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read TO
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echo $TO | grep -E '^.+@.+$' > /dev/null
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if [ $? -eq 0 ]
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then
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break
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fi
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done
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echo
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# Getting the Subject from user
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echo -n -e "Enter e-mail subject:\n[Enter] "
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read SUBJECT
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echo
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if [ "$SUBJECT" == "" ]
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then
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echo "Proceeding without the subject..."
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fi
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# Getting the file names to attach
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echo -e "Provide the list of attachments. Separate names by space.
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If there are spaces in file name, quote file name with \"."
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read att
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echo
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# Making sure file names are poiting to real files
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attachments=$(check_files "$att")
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echo "Attachments: $attachments"
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for attachment in $attachments
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do
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ATTACHMENTS="$ATTACHMENTS-a $attachment "
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done
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echo
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# Composing body of the message
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echo "Enter message. To mark the end of message type ;; in new line."
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read line
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while [ "$line" != ";;" ]
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do
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BODY="$BODY$line\n"
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read line
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done
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SENDMAILCMD="mutt -e \"set from=$FROM\" -s \"$SUBJECT\" \
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$ATTACHMENTS -- \"$TO\" <<< \"$BODY\""
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echo $SENDMAILCMD
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mutt -e "set from=$FROM" -s "$SUBJECT" $ATTACHMENTS -- $TO <<< $BODY
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**Script Output**
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$ bash send_mail.sh
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*********************
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E-mail sending script.
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*********************
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Enter the e-mail address you wish to send mail from:
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[Enter] test@gmail.com
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Enter the e-mail address you wish to send mail to:
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[Enter] test@gmail.com
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Enter e-mail subject:
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[Enter] Message subject
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Provide the list of attachments. Separate names by space.
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If there are spaces in file name, quote file name with ".
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send_mail.sh
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Attachments: send_mail.sh
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Enter message. To mark the end of message type ;; in new line.
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This is a message
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text
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;;
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### Conclusion ###
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There are many ways of send emails from command line / shell script but here we have shared 4 tools available for unix / linux based distros. Hope you enjoyed reading our article and please provide your valuable comments and also let us know if you know about any new tools.
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://linoxide.com/linux-shell-script/send-email-subject-body-attachment-linux/
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作者：[Bobbin Zachariah][a]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:http://linoxide.com/author/bobbin/
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@ -0,0 +1,261 @@
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4个可以发送带主题、正文和附件的电子邮件的工具
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================================================================================
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今天的文章里我们会讲到一些使用Linux命令行工具来发送带附件的电子邮件的方法。它有很多用处，比如在应用程序所在服务器上，使用电子邮件发送一个档案过来，或者你可以在脚本中使用这些命令来做一些自动化操作。在本文的例子中，我们会使用foo.tar.gz文件作为附件。
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有不同的命令行工具可以发送邮件，这里我分享几个多数用户会使用的工具，如`mailx`、`mutt`和`swaks`。
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我们即将呈现的多数工具都是非常有名的，并且存在于多数Linux发行版默认的软件仓库中，你可以使用如下命令安装：
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在 **Debian / Ubuntu** 系统
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apt-get install mutt
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apt-get install swaks
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apt-get install mailx
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apt-get install sharutils
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在基于Red Hat的系统，如 **CentOS** 或者 **Fedora**
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yum install mutt
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yum install swaks
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yum install mailx
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yum install sharutils
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### 1) 使用 mail / mailx ###
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`mailx`工具在多数Linux发行版中是默认的邮件程序，现在已经支持发送附件了。如果它不在你的系统中，你可以使用上边的命令安装。有一点需要注意，老版本的mailx可能不支持发送附件，运行如下命令查看是否支持。
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$ man mail
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第一行看起来是这样的：
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mailx [-BDdEFintv~] [-s subject] [-a attachment ] [-c cc-addr] [-b bcc-addr] [-r from-addr] [-h hops] [-A account] [-S variable[=value]] to-addr . . .
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如果你看到它支持`-a`的选项（-a 文件名，将文件作为附件添加到邮件）和`-s`选项（-s 主题，指定邮件的主题），就是支持的。可以使用如下的几个例子发送邮件。
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**a) 简单的邮件 **
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运行`mail`命令，然后`mailx`会等待你输入邮件内容。你可以按回车来换行。当输入完成后，按Ctrl + D，`mailx`会显示EOT。
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然后`mailx`会自动将邮件发送给收件人。
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$ mail user@example.com
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HI,
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Good Morning
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How are you
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EOT
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**b) 发送有主题的邮件 **
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$ echo "Email text" | mail -s "Test Subject" user@example.com
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`-s`的用处是指定邮件的主题。
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**c) 从文件中读取邮件内容并发送 **
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$ mail -s "message send from file" user@example.com < /path/to/file
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**d) 将从管道获取到的`echo`命令输出作为邮件内容发送 **
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$ echo "This is message body" | mail -s "This is Subject" user@example.com
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**e) 发送带附件的邮件 **
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$ echo “Body with attachment "| mail -a foo.tar.gz -s "attached file" user@example.com
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`-a`选项用于指定附件。
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### 2) mutt ###
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Mutt是类Unix系统上的一个文本界面邮件客户端。它有20多年的历史，在Linux历史中也是一个很重要的部分，它是最早支持进程打分和多线程处理的程序之一。按照如下的例子来发送邮件。
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**a) 从文件中读取邮件的主题和正文，并发送 **
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$ mutt -s "Testing from mutt" user@example.com < /tmp/message.txt
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**b) 将从管道获取到的`echo`命令输出作为邮件内容发送 **
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$ echo "This is the body" | mutt -s "Testing mutt" user@example.com
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**c) 发送带附件的邮件 **
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$ echo "This is the body" | mutt -s "Testing mutt" user@example.com -a /tmp/foo.tar.gz
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**d) 发送带有多个附件的邮件 **
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$ echo "This is the body" | mutt -s "Testing" user@example.com -a foo.tar.gz –a bar.tar.gz
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### 3) swaks ###
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Swaks（Swiss Army Knife，瑞士军刀）是SMTP的瑞士军刀，它功能强大、灵活、可编程、面向事务的SMTP测试工具，由John Jetmore开发和维护。你可以使用如下语法发送带附件的邮件：
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$ swaks -t "foo@bar.com" --header "Subject: Subject" --body "Email Text" --attach foo.tar.gz
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关于Swaks一个重要的事情是，它会为你显示整个邮件发送过程，所以如果你想调试邮件发送过程，它是一个非常有用的工具：
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正如你看到的那样，它给你提供了邮件发送过程的所有细节，包括邮件接收服务器的功能支持、两个服务器之间的每一步交互。
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### 4) uuencode ###
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邮件传输系统最初是被设计来传送7位编码（类似ASCII）的内容的。这就意味这它是用来发送文本内容，而不能发会使用8个位的二进制内容（如程序文件或者图片）。`uuencode`（“UNIX to UNIX encoding”，UNIX之间使用的编码方式）程序用来解决这个限制。使用`uuencode`，发送端将二进制格式的转换成文本格式来传输，接收端再转换回去。
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我们可以简单地使用`uuencode`和`mailx`或者`mutt`配合，来发送二进制内容，类似这样：
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$ uuencode example.jpeg example.jpeg | mail user@example.com
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### Shell脚本：解释如何发送邮件 ###
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#!/bin/bash
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FROM=""
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SUBJECT=""
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ATTACHMENTS=""
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TO=""
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BODY=""
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# 检查文件名对应的文件是否存在
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function check_files()
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{
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output_files=""
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for file in $1
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do
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if [ -s $file ]
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then
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output_files="${output_files}${file} "
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fi
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done
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echo $output_files
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}
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echo "*********************"
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echo "E-mail sending script."
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echo "*********************"
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echo
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# 读取用户输入的邮件地址
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while [ 1 ]
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do
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if [ ! $FROM ]
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then
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echo -n -e "Enter the e-mail address you wish to send mail from:\n[Enter] "
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else
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echo -n -e "The address you provided is not valid:\n[Enter] "
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fi
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read FROM
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echo $FROM | grep -E '^.+@.+$' > /dev/null
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if [ $? -eq 0 ]
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then
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break
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fi
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done
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echo
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# 读取用户输入的收件人地址
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while [ 1 ]
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do
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if [ ! $TO ]
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then
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echo -n -e "Enter the e-mail address you wish to send mail to:\n[Enter] "
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else
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echo -n -e "The address you provided is not valid:\n[Enter] "
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fi
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read TO
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echo $TO | grep -E '^.+@.+$' > /dev/null
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if [ $? -eq 0 ]
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then
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break
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fi
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done
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echo
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# 读取用户输入的邮件主题
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echo -n -e "Enter e-mail subject:\n[Enter] "
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read SUBJECT
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echo
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if [ "$SUBJECT" == "" ]
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then
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echo "Proceeding without the subject..."
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fi
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# 读取作为附件的文件名
|
||||
echo -e "Provide the list of attachments. Separate names by space.
|
||||
If there are spaces in file name, quote file name with \"."
|
||||
read att
|
||||
|
||||
echo
|
||||
|
||||
# 确保文件名指向真实文件
|
||||
attachments=$(check_files "$att")
|
||||
echo "Attachments: $attachments"
|
||||
|
||||
for attachment in $attachments
|
||||
do
|
||||
ATTACHMENTS="$ATTACHMENTS-a $attachment "
|
||||
done
|
||||
|
||||
echo
|
||||
|
||||
# 读取完整的邮件正文
|
||||
echo "Enter message. To mark the end of message type ;; in new line."
|
||||
read line
|
||||
|
||||
while [ "$line" != ";;" ]
|
||||
do
|
||||
BODY="$BODY$line\n"
|
||||
read line
|
||||
done
|
||||
|
||||
SENDMAILCMD="mutt -e \"set from=$FROM\" -s \"$SUBJECT\" \
|
||||
$ATTACHMENTS -- \"$TO\" <<< \"$BODY\""
|
||||
echo $SENDMAILCMD
|
||||
|
||||
mutt -e "set from=$FROM" -s "$SUBJECT" $ATTACHMENTS -- $TO <<< $BODY
|
||||
|
||||
** 脚本输出 **
|
||||
|
||||
$ bash send_mail.sh
|
||||
*********************
|
||||
E-mail sending script.
|
||||
*********************
|
||||
|
||||
Enter the e-mail address you wish to send mail from:
|
||||
[Enter] test@gmail.com
|
||||
|
||||
Enter the e-mail address you wish to send mail to:
|
||||
[Enter] test@gmail.com
|
||||
|
||||
Enter e-mail subject:
|
||||
[Enter] Message subject
|
||||
|
||||
Provide the list of attachments. Separate names by space.
|
||||
If there are spaces in file name, quote file name with ".
|
||||
send_mail.sh
|
||||
|
||||
Attachments: send_mail.sh
|
||||
|
||||
Enter message. To mark the end of message type ;; in new line.
|
||||
This is a message
|
||||
text
|
||||
;;
|
||||
|
||||
### 总结 ###
|
||||
|
||||
有很多方法可以使用命令行/Shell脚本来发送邮件，我们只分享了其中4个类Unix系统可用的工具。希望你喜欢我们的文章，并且提供您的宝贵意见，让我们知道您想了解哪些新工具。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://linoxide.com/linux-shell-script/send-email-subject-body-attachment-linux/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Bobbin Zachariah][a]
|
||||
译者：[goreliu](https://github.com/goreliu)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://linoxide.com/author/bobbin/
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user