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Merge branch 'LCTT:master' into master
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@ -3,37 +3,40 @@
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[#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/"
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||||
[#]: collector: "lkxed"
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||||
[#]: translator: "geekpi"
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: " "
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||||
[#]: publisher: " "
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[#]: url: " "
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||||
[#]: reviewer: "wxy"
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||||
[#]: publisher: "wxy"
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||||
[#]: url: "https://linux.cn/article-14801-1.html"
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|
||||
HandBrake：用于转换任何格式视频的免费工具
|
||||
======
|
||||
了解 HandBrake，这是一个优秀的工具，可以将任何格式的视频转换为目标类型。
|
||||
|
||||
本文包含功能、下载说明和使用指南。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
> 了解一下 HandBrake，这是一个优秀的工具，可以将任何格式的视频转换为目标类型。
|
||||
|
||||
本文介绍了它的功能、下载说明和使用指南。
|
||||
|
||||
### HandBrake
|
||||
|
||||
在这个社交媒体的时代，我们都在拍沉浸式视频，当然还有随之而来的格式。因此，如果你是在 Linux 平台，甚至是在 Windows 平台，你可以使用任何其他软件来转换各种视频，用于多个平台。但是，如果你需要一个简单但功能丰富的视频转换器来处理来自多个来源的所有视频格式，请尝试 HandBrake。
|
||||
在这个社交媒体的时代，我们身处各种视频之中，当然还有随之而来的各种格式。因此，如果你是在 Linux 平台，甚至是在 Windows 平台，你可以使用各种软件来为多个平台转换各种视频。但是，如果你需要一个简单但功能丰富的视频转换器来处理来自多个来源的所有视频格式，请尝试 HandBrake。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 功能
|
||||
|
||||
HandBrake 有大量的选项，使其成为一个独特的工具。首先，工作流程是超级简单。事实上，它只是三个步骤：
|
||||
HandBrake 有大量的选项，使其成为一个独特的工具。首先，其工作流程是超级简单。事实上，它只是三个步骤：
|
||||
|
||||
* 选择一个视频
|
||||
* 选择一个目标格式
|
||||
* 转换
|
||||
|
||||
正如你所看到的，如果你是一个新手用户，使用这个工具是非常容易的，因为目标格式的属性（如比特率，尺寸）是基于默认的预设。
|
||||
正如你所看到的，如果你是一个新手用户，使用这个工具是非常容易的，因为目标格式的属性（如比特率、尺寸）是基于默认的预设。
|
||||
|
||||
其次，如果你想进行高级编辑，如在转换时从字幕文件中添加字幕，也可以使用这个工具。
|
||||
|
||||
此外，你还可以改变尺寸，翻转视频，改变分辨率，修改长宽比，以及裁剪。此外，一套基本的过滤器配置，如去噪和锐化也可以完成。
|
||||
此外，你还可以改变尺寸、翻转视频、改变分辨率、修改长宽比，以及裁剪。此外，通过一套基本的过滤器配置，可以完成诸如去噪和锐化等操作。
|
||||
|
||||
另外，为你的视频文件添加章节、标签和音轨也很容易。
|
||||
|
||||
也许 HandBrake 的重要功能是提供预设，以满足现代社会媒体和流媒体的需求。例如，预设与流媒体平台和流媒体设备相一致，如：
|
||||
也许 HandBrake 的重要功能是提供预设，以满足现代社会媒体和流媒体的需求。例如，其预设与这些流媒体平台和流媒体设备相一致，如：
|
||||
|
||||
* Discord
|
||||
* GMail
|
||||
@ -47,31 +50,31 @@ HandBrake 有大量的选项，使其成为一个独特的工具。首先，工
|
||||
|
||||
一个相当令人印象深刻的列表，不是吗？不仅如此，如果你是一个专业工作者，它可以帮助你定义和创建转换队列。队列功能允许你在工作流程中批量转换多个视频文件。
|
||||
|
||||
最后，你可以转换为 MPEG-4（mp4），Matroska（mkv）和 WebM 格式。
|
||||
最后，你可以转换为 MPEG-4（mp4）、Matroska（mkv）和 WebM 格式。
|
||||
|
||||
![HandBrake with various features][1]
|
||||
|
||||
### 下载和安装
|
||||
|
||||
下载和安装 HandBrake 对于任何平台（Linux、Mac 和 Windows）都很容易。开发者直接提供可执行文件，可以免费下载。
|
||||
下载和安装 HandBrake 对于任何平台（Linux、Mac 和 Windows）都很容易。开发者直接提供了可执行文件，可以免费下载。
|
||||
|
||||
由于本门户网站的主要目标受众是 Linux 用户，我们将讨论 HandBrake 在 Linux 中的安装。
|
||||
由于本站的主要目标受众是 Linux 用户，我们将讨论 HandBrake 在 Linux 中的安装。
|
||||
|
||||
对于 Ubuntu、Linux Mint 和所有其他发行版，最好的方法是 Flatpak。你可以[设置 Flatpak][2]，然后点击下面的按钮来安装 HandBrake：
|
||||
对于 Ubuntu、Linux Mint 和所有其他发行版，最好的方法是 Flatpak。你可以 [设置 Flatpak][2]，然后点击下面的按钮来安装 HandBrake：
|
||||
|
||||
[通过 Flathub 安装 HandBrake][3]
|
||||
> **[通过 Flathub 安装 HandBrake][3]**
|
||||
|
||||
对于 Windows、macOS 的安装程序，请访问这个页面。
|
||||
对于 Windows、macOS 的安装程序，请访问 [这个页面][4a]。
|
||||
|
||||
一个有趣的特点是，你可以通过命令行使用这个应用程序！这意味着你可以进一步定制你的应用。这意味着你可以使用命令行工具进一步定制你的工作流程，你可以在[这里][4]下载。
|
||||
一个有趣的特点是，你可以通过命令行使用这个应用程序！这意味着你可以使用命令行工具进一步定制你的工作流程，你可以在 [这里][4] 下载。
|
||||
|
||||
### 如何使用 HandBrake 来转换视频？（示例）
|
||||
|
||||
既然你安装了它，让我们看看你如何只用三个步骤就能转换一个示例视频。
|
||||
|
||||
1. 打开 HandBrake，点击顶部工具栏上的 “Open Source” 按钮。选择你的视频文件。
|
||||
2. 现在，从格式下拉菜单中选择目标文件类型。确保选中目标文件夹（默认为视频）。
|
||||
3. 最后，点击顶部工具栏的开始按钮，用 HandBrake 转换视频。
|
||||
1. 打开 HandBrake，点击顶部工具栏上的 “<ruby>打开源文件<rt>Open Source</rt></ruby>” 按钮，选择你的视频文件。
|
||||
2. 现在，从“<ruby>格式<rt>Format</rt></ruby>”下拉菜单中选择目标文件类型。确保选中目标文件夹（默认为 `Videos`）。
|
||||
3. 最后，点击顶部工具栏的“<ruby>开始<rt>Start</rt></ruby>”按钮，用 HandBrake 转换视频。
|
||||
|
||||
![HandBrake Video Conversion in three simple steps][5]
|
||||
|
||||
@ -85,7 +88,7 @@ HandBrake 有大量的选项，使其成为一个独特的工具。首先，工
|
||||
|
||||
**HandBrake 是免费使用么？**
|
||||
|
||||
是的，它是一个免费和开源的应用程序，你可以免费下载它。
|
||||
是的，它是一个自由开源的应用程序，你可以免费下载它。
|
||||
|
||||
**它可在 Mac 和 Windows 上用么？**
|
||||
|
||||
@ -108,7 +111,7 @@ via: https://www.debugpoint.com/handbrake/
|
||||
作者：[Arindam][a]
|
||||
选题：[lkxed][b]
|
||||
译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
@ -118,6 +121,7 @@ via: https://www.debugpoint.com/handbrake/
|
||||
[2]: https://www.debugpoint.com/how-to-install-flatpak-apps-ubuntu-linux/
|
||||
[3]: https://dl.flathub.org/repo/appstream/fr.handbrake.ghb.flatpakref
|
||||
[4]: https://handbrake.fr/downloads2.php
|
||||
[4a]: https://handbrake.fr/downloads.php
|
||||
[5]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/HandBrake-Video-Conversion-in-three-simple-steps.jpg
|
||||
[6]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Encoding-status.jpg
|
||||
[7]: https://www.pexels.com/video/hands-hand-table-colorful-3997786/
|
||||
@ -3,21 +3,24 @@
|
||||
[#]: author: "Abhishek Prakash https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/"
|
||||
[#]: collector: "lkxed"
|
||||
[#]: translator: "geekpi"
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: " "
|
||||
[#]: publisher: " "
|
||||
[#]: url: " "
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: "wxy"
|
||||
[#]: publisher: "wxy"
|
||||
[#]: url: "https://linux.cn/article-14799-1.html"
|
||||
|
||||
在 Ubuntu 和其他 Linux 系统中找到你的路由器的 IP 地址（默认网关）
|
||||
在 Linux 中找到你的路由器的 IP 地址（默认网关）
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
你可能已经知道如何在 Linux 中获得你的系统的 IP 地址。
|
||||
|
||||
但是你怎么知道你的路由器的 IP 地址呢？
|
||||
|
||||
我说的不是你可以通过连接到 [Show My IP][1] 这样的网站或简单地在 [DuckDuckGo][3] 中 [搜索“我的 ip”][2] 获得的面向公众的 IP。
|
||||
我说的不是你可以通过连接到 “[Show My IP][1]” 这样的网站或简单地在 [DuckDuckGo][3] 中 [搜索“what is my ip”][2] 获得的公网 IP。
|
||||
|
||||
我说的是默认网关 IP，你的 Linux 桌面使用它来连接。
|
||||
我说的是默认网关 IP，你的 Linux 桌面所连接的地址。
|
||||
|
||||
你为什么需要它？嗯，如果你需要改变你的 Wi-Fi/网络的 SSID、密码或其他配置，你必须连接到它。简单的方法是在网络浏览器中输入路由器的 IP 地址，然后使用路由器的用户名和密码。
|
||||
你为什么需要它？嗯，如果你需要改变你的 Wi-Fi/网络的 SSID、密码或其他配置，你必须连接到它。简单的方法是在网页浏览器中输入路由器的 IP 地址，然后使用路由器的用户名和密码。
|
||||
|
||||
虽然我不能帮助你获得路由器的用户名和密码，但我肯定可以告诉你如何获得它的 IP。
|
||||
|
||||
@ -25,21 +28,21 @@
|
||||
|
||||
### 方法 1：在 Linux 中使用 GUI 获取路由器的 IP 地址
|
||||
|
||||
这其实很简单。我在这里使用的是 Ubuntu 的 GNOME 桌面。如果你使用一些[其他桌面环境][4]，截图可能会有所不同。
|
||||
这其实很简单。我在这里使用的是 Ubuntu 的 GNOME 桌面。如果你使用一些 [其他桌面环境][4]，截图可能会有所不同。
|
||||
|
||||
打开系统设置：
|
||||
打开“<ruby>系统设置<rt>System Settings</rt></ruby>”：
|
||||
|
||||
![go to settings][5]
|
||||
|
||||
现在进入 Wi-Fi 或网络（如果你使用的是有线、以太网连接）。在这里，点击你当前使用的网络旁边的小设置符号。
|
||||
现在进入 Wi-Fi 或“<ruby>网络<rt>Network</rt></ruby>”（如果你使用的是有线的以太网连接）。在这里，点击你当前使用的网络旁边的小设置符号。
|
||||
|
||||
![access network settings ubuntu][6]
|
||||
|
||||
它将打开一个新窗口，里面有关于你的连接的一些细节，如 IP 地址、DNS 和 [Mac 地址][7]。你还可以在安全标签下看到[保存的 wifi 密码][8]。
|
||||
它将打开一个新窗口，里面有关于你的连接的一些细节，如 IP 地址、DNS 和 [Mac 地址][7]。你还可以在“<ruby>安全<rt>security</rt></ruby>”标签下看到 [保存的 Wi-Fi 密码][8]。
|
||||
|
||||
你还会看到一个名为“默认路由”的条目。这就是你要找的东西。你的路由器的 IP 地址。
|
||||
你还会看到一个名为“<ruby>默认路由<rt>Default Route</rt></ruby>”的条目。这就是你要找的东西。你的路由器的 IP 地址。
|
||||
|
||||
![defaul gateway ip ubuntu][9]
|
||||
![default gateway ip ubuntu][9]
|
||||
|
||||
你的系统和网络上的所有其他设备都使用这个 IP 地址连接到路由器。这就是大多数家庭的设置。
|
||||
|
||||
@ -56,21 +59,21 @@ ip route
|
||||
它将显示几个条目。
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
[email protected]:~$ ip route
|
||||
~$ ip route
|
||||
default via 192.168.1.1 dev wlp0s20f3 proto dhcp metric 600
|
||||
169.254.0.0/16 dev wlp0s20f3 scope link metric 1000
|
||||
192.168.1.0/24 dev wlp0s20f3 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.1.34 metric 600
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
第一行，以 “default via” 开头，给了你网关的 IP。这是你的路由器的 IP 地址。
|
||||
第一行，以 `default via` 开头，给出了你网关的 IP。这是你的路由器的 IP 地址。
|
||||
|
||||
![defaul route linux terminal][10]
|
||||
![default route linux terminal][10]
|
||||
|
||||
你可以看到，192.168.1.1 是我的路由器的 IP 地址。通常情况下，路由器的 IP 地址是子网的第一个数字。然而，这并不是一个硬性规定。我也见过有 x.y.z.30 地址的路由器。
|
||||
你可以看到，`192.168.1.1` 是我的路由器的 IP 地址。通常情况下，路由器的 IP 地址是子网的第一个数字。然而，这并不是一个硬性规定。我也见过有 `x.y.z.30` 地址的路由器。
|
||||
|
||||
### 额外技巧
|
||||
|
||||
正如 Samir 在评论中所分享的，你也可以使用ping命令来获得网关 IP：
|
||||
正如 Samir 在评论中所分享的，你也可以（在 Debian 上）使用 `ping` 命令来获得网关 IP：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
ping _gateway
|
||||
@ -78,7 +81,7 @@ ping _gateway
|
||||
|
||||
![ping gateway][11]
|
||||
|
||||
以防你不知道，你必须[在 Linux 中使用 Ctrl+C 来停止一个正在运行的命令][12]。
|
||||
以防你不知道，你必须 [在 Linux 中使用 Ctrl+C 来停止一个正在运行的命令][12]。
|
||||
|
||||
我希望你在需要的时候能发现这个技巧是有用的。
|
||||
|
||||
@ -89,7 +92,7 @@ via: https://itsfoss.com/router-ip-address-linux/
|
||||
作者：[Abhishek Prakash][a]
|
||||
选题：[lkxed][b]
|
||||
译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,97 @@
|
||||
[#]: subject: "Darktable 4.0.0 is Here with a Revamped UI and Improved Color Saturation"
|
||||
[#]: via: "https://news.itsfoss.com/darktable-4-0-release"
|
||||
[#]: author: "Ankush Das https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/"
|
||||
[#]: collector: "lkxed"
|
||||
[#]: translator: "wxy"
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: "wxy"
|
||||
[#]: publisher: "wxy"
|
||||
[#]: url: "https://linux.cn/article-14802-1.html"
|
||||
|
||||
darktable 4.0.0：用户界面改版，改进了色彩饱和度处理
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
> darktable 4.0.0 版本来了，这是一个主要版本，带来了新的功能，简化了用户界面，还有一些其他的改进。
|
||||
|
||||
![darktable][1]
|
||||
|
||||
最近，作为其 3.8.x 系列的升级版，darktable 开发人员公布了新的稳定版。
|
||||
|
||||
最新的升级带来了新功能、错误修复和重大变化。
|
||||
|
||||
### darktable 4.0 有什么新内容？
|
||||
|
||||
在 darktable 4.0 中，增加了很多功能，并对用户界面进行了一些有意义的重新打造。
|
||||
|
||||
让我在此介绍一下关键的亮点：
|
||||
|
||||
> **注意：** 这是一次重大版本升级，采用了新的库和配置，与旧版本不兼容。因此，你需要在进行升级之前对你的工作进行备份。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 颜色和曝光映射
|
||||
|
||||
在曝光和颜色校准模块中，你现在可以定义和保存颜色采集器的目标颜色/曝光度。
|
||||
|
||||
这应该有助于你匹配图像中的源对象，并确保一个对象在一批照片中的颜色一致性。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 完善的用户界面
|
||||
|
||||
![darktable][2]
|
||||
|
||||
用户界面已经进行了改造以改善外观/感觉。首先能看到的是其默认主题改为了 “优雅灰”。
|
||||
|
||||
总的来说，填充、边距、颜色、对齐方式和图标等等都得到了改造。也添加了新的可折叠的部分（rgb 通道混合器、曝光、颜色校准），使用户界面更干净，更容易访问。
|
||||
|
||||
你会发现许多细微的变化，布局也更合理。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 性能变化
|
||||
|
||||
在简化用户偏好的同时，该版本还增加了一些优化措施。
|
||||
|
||||
你还可以改变性能配置，而不需要重启 darktable。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 改进了色彩饱和度处理
|
||||
|
||||
![darktable][3]
|
||||
|
||||
Filmic v6（一种新的色彩学）的加入有助于获得更多的饱和度，特别是对于蓝天。
|
||||
|
||||
另外正如公告中提到的，可以以最小的破坏性方式恢复，调色应该更安全。除此之外，还为艺术饱和度的变化设计了一个新的信息色彩空间。
|
||||
|
||||
总的来说，你应该对这个版本对饱和度控制的改进感到高兴。
|
||||
|
||||
#### 其他变化
|
||||
|
||||
其他一些值得注意的变化包括：
|
||||
|
||||
* 一个新的“引导式拉普拉斯”方法已被添加到高光重建模块中。
|
||||
* 全局颜色选择器工具的改进
|
||||
* 一个新的对比度参数
|
||||
* 一个新的集合过滤器模块
|
||||
* 增加了对 EXR 16 位（半数）浮点数输出的支持。
|
||||
|
||||
你可以在其 [官方公告帖子][4] 中查看所有的技术细节。
|
||||
|
||||
### 下载 darktable 4.0.0
|
||||
|
||||
你可以使用 [Flathub][5] 上的 Flatpak 包获得最新版本。写这篇文章时，Snap 包还没有更新。
|
||||
|
||||
此外，你也可以选择使用其 [GitHub 发布区][6] 中的 tar.xz 文件。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://news.itsfoss.com/darktable-4-0-release
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Ankush Das][a]
|
||||
选题：[lkxed][b]
|
||||
译者：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lkxed
|
||||
[1]: https://news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/darktable-4-0-0-1200x675.jpg
|
||||
[2]: https://news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/darktable-4.jpg
|
||||
[3]: https://news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/darktable-4-1.jpg
|
||||
[4]: https://www.darktable.org/2022/07/darktable-4.0.0-released/
|
||||
[5]: https://flathub.org/apps/details/org.darktable.Darktable
|
||||
[6]: https://github.com/darktable-org/darktable/releases/tag/release-4.0.0
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
|
||||
[#]: subject: "StarFighter: A Linux Laptop with a 4K 10-bit IPS Display is Coming Soon"
|
||||
[#]: via: "https://news.itsfoss.com/starfighter-laptop-reveal/"
|
||||
[#]: author: "Ankush Das https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/"
|
||||
[#]: collector: "lkxed"
|
||||
[#]: translator: "wxy"
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: "wxy"
|
||||
[#]: publisher: "wxy"
|
||||
[#]: url: "https://linux.cn/article-14798-1.html"
|
||||
|
||||
星际战机：配备 4K 10 位 IPS 显示屏的 Linux 笔记本电脑即将问世
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
> “星际战机”是星空实验室即将推出的一款 Linux 笔记本电脑。他们正在最后确定生产细节，同时透露了一些关键的亮点。
|
||||
|
||||
![starfighter][1]
|
||||
|
||||
我们已经有许多来自星空实验室、TUXEDO 等制造商的 Linux 专用笔记本电脑。
|
||||
|
||||
然而，其中只有少数几家专注于提供一个超棒的显示屏。
|
||||
|
||||
例如，[TUXEDO 的 Infinitybook Pro 14][2] 带有 3K 显示屏，而且，该笔记本电脑确实不错。
|
||||
|
||||
现在，看起来 [星空实验室][3] 将为其即将推出的 “星际战机” 笔记本电脑配备 15.6 英寸 4K 显示屏。他们在 [推特][4] 上分享了初步信息，提到他们正在敲定生产细节。
|
||||
|
||||
### 关于星际战机我们目前所知道的情况
|
||||
|
||||
这款笔记本电脑将采用 45W 供电的英特尔 / AMD 处理器，它将有英特尔 / AMD 两种变体可用。
|
||||
|
||||
你还将可以选择高达 64GB 的内存和 2TB 的存储。可以说，对于那些想为自己的 Linux 笔记本电脑提高规格的用户来说，这应该是一个强大的机器。
|
||||
|
||||
当然，它的关键亮点是显示屏。它将采用 4K 10 位哑光 IPS 显示屏。
|
||||
|
||||
该公司提到，该显示屏的成本要高于其 StarLite 笔记本电脑。
|
||||
|
||||
但是，这会是一个有吸引力的产品吗？许多采用高分辨率显示屏或 OLED 面板的笔记本电脑在电池时长方面表现不佳。不仅仅是 Linux 笔记本电脑。
|
||||
|
||||
那么，“星际战机”会成为该领域的一个有竞争力的竞争者吗？
|
||||
|
||||
星空实验室在一条推文中提到，他们估计电池时长约为 8-14 小时，这取决于配置。当然，这也取决于你的使用情况。
|
||||
|
||||
该公司还澄清说，这款笔记本电脑可以使用 Coreboot，但它不会是一个完全采用自由软件的项目。其他一些值得注意的地方还有：
|
||||
|
||||
* 该笔记本电脑将具有 [LVFS][5] 支持。
|
||||
* 英特尔型号将提供第 4 代固态硬盘。AMD 型号将只限于第 3 代固态硬盘。
|
||||
|
||||
如图片所示，它可能安装了 elementaryOS 6.1。然而，你也可以预期它提供 Ubuntu 22.04 LTS。
|
||||
|
||||
那么，你对星空实验室的这架“星际战机”有何看法？当它上市时，这将是你的下一台笔记本电脑吗？
|
||||
|
||||
在下面的评论区分享你的想法。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://news.itsfoss.com/starfighter-laptop-reveal/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Ankush Das][a]
|
||||
选题：[lkxed][b]
|
||||
译者：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lkxed
|
||||
[1]: https://news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/starfighter-linux-powered-laptop.jpg
|
||||
[2]: https://news.itsfoss.com/infinitybook-pro-14-3k/
|
||||
[3]: http://starlabs.systems
|
||||
[4]: https://twitter.com/starlabsltd/status/1542908391793692672
|
||||
[5]: https://fwupd.org/
|
||||
@ -1,96 +0,0 @@
|
||||
[#]: subject: "Darktable 4.0.0 is Here with a Revamped UI and Improved Color Saturation"
|
||||
[#]: via: "https://news.itsfoss.com/darktable-4-0-release"
|
||||
[#]: author: "Ankush Das https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/"
|
||||
[#]: collector: "lkxed"
|
||||
[#]: translator: " "
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: " "
|
||||
[#]: publisher: " "
|
||||
[#]: url: " "
|
||||
|
||||
Darktable 4.0.0 is Here with a Revamped UI and Improved Color Saturation
|
||||
======
|
||||
darktable 4.0.0 release is here as a major upgrade with new features, simplified UI, and other enhancements.
|
||||
|
||||
![darktable][1]
|
||||
|
||||
Recently, the developers unveiled new stable release as an upgrade over its 3.8.x series.
|
||||
|
||||
The latest upgrade is about new features, bug fixes, and significant changes.
|
||||
|
||||
### darktable 4.0: What’s New?
|
||||
|
||||
With darktable 4.0, we have a lot of feature additions and some impactful rework on the user interface.
|
||||
|
||||
Let me mention the key highlights here:
|
||||
|
||||
**Note:** This is a major upgrade with a new library and configuration, not compatible with the older version. So, you need to take a backup of your work before proceeding.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Color and Exposure Mapping
|
||||
|
||||
Within the exposure and color calibration modules, you now get the ability to define and save a target color/exposure for the color pickers.
|
||||
|
||||
This should help you match source objects in the image and ensure the color consistency of an object across a batch of photos.
|
||||
|
||||
#### UI Rework
|
||||
|
||||
![darktable][2]
|
||||
|
||||
The user interface has undergone a revamp to improve the look/feel. Starting with the default theme being changed to “**Elegant Grey**“.
|
||||
|
||||
Overall, padding, margins, color, alignment, and icons, everything has received a makeover. New collapsible sections (channel mixer rgb, exposure, color calibration) have also been added to make the UI cleaner, and more accessible.
|
||||
|
||||
You will find numerous subtle changes for a better layout.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Performance Changes
|
||||
|
||||
Several optimizations have been added to the release while simplifying the user preferences.
|
||||
|
||||
You also get to change the performance configuration without requiring to restart darktable.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Improved Color Saturation
|
||||
|
||||
![darktable][3]
|
||||
|
||||
The addition of Filmic v6 (a new color science) helps for more saturated colors, especially in blue skies.
|
||||
|
||||
Also, color-grading should be safer considering it can be recovered in the least-destructive way, as mentioned in the announcement post. In addition to that, a new information color space has been designed for artistic saturation changes.
|
||||
|
||||
Overall, you should be happy about this release’s refinements to the saturation control.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Other Changes
|
||||
|
||||
Some other notable changes include:
|
||||
|
||||
* A new “guided Laplacian” method has been added to the highlight reconstruction module.
|
||||
* Global color picker tool improvements
|
||||
* A new contrast parameter
|
||||
* A new collection filters module
|
||||
* Support for EXR 16-bit (half) float export has been added.
|
||||
|
||||
You may go through all the technical details in its [official announcement post][4].
|
||||
|
||||
### Download darktable 4.0.0
|
||||
|
||||
You can get the latest version using the Flatpak package on [Flathub][5]. When writing this, the Snap package wasn’t updated.
|
||||
|
||||
In either case, you can also choose to use the tar.xz file available in its [GitHub releases section][6].
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://news.itsfoss.com/darktable-4-0-release
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Ankush Das][a]
|
||||
选题：[lkxed][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lkxed
|
||||
[1]: https://news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/darktable-4-0-0-1200x675.jpg
|
||||
[2]: https://news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/darktable-4.jpg
|
||||
[3]: https://news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/darktable-4-1.jpg
|
||||
[4]: https://www.darktable.org/2022/07/darktable-4.0.0-released/
|
||||
[5]: https://flathub.org/apps/details/org.darktable.Darktable
|
||||
[6]: https://github.com/darktable-org/darktable/releases/tag/release-4.0.0
|
||||
@ -1,68 +0,0 @@
|
||||
[#]: subject: "StarFighter: A Linux Laptop with a 4K 10-bit IPS Display is Coming Soon"
|
||||
[#]: via: "https://news.itsfoss.com/starfighter-laptop-reveal/"
|
||||
[#]: author: "Ankush Das https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/"
|
||||
[#]: collector: "lkxed"
|
||||
[#]: translator: " "
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: " "
|
||||
[#]: publisher: " "
|
||||
[#]: url: " "
|
||||
|
||||
StarFighter: A Linux Laptop with a 4K 10-bit IPS Display is Coming Soon
|
||||
======
|
||||
StarFighter is an upcoming Linux laptop by Star Labs. They are finalising the production details while revealing some of the key highlights.
|
||||
|
||||
![starfighter][1]
|
||||
|
||||
We’ve had numerous Linux-exclusive laptops from manufacturers like Star Labs, TUXEDO, and others.
|
||||
|
||||
However, only a handful of them focused on providing a great display.
|
||||
|
||||
For instance, [TUXEDO’s Infinitybook Pro 14][2] featured a 3K display. And, it was a nice offering.
|
||||
|
||||
Now, it looks like [Star Labs][3] is gearing up with a 15.6-inch 4K display for its upcoming “StarFighter” laptop. They shared initial information on [Twitter][4] mentioning that they are finalizing the production details.
|
||||
|
||||
### StarFighter: Here’s What We Know So Far
|
||||
|
||||
The laptop will feature a 45W-powered Intel/AMD processor. So, yes, it will have both Intel/AMD variants available.
|
||||
|
||||
You will also be getting options for up to 64 GB of memory and 2 TB of storage. It is safe to say that it should be a powerhouse for users who want beefed-up specifications for their Linux laptops.
|
||||
|
||||
Of course, the key highlight is the display. It will be sporting a 4K 10-bit matte IPS display.
|
||||
|
||||
The company mentions that the display costs more than its StarLite laptop.
|
||||
|
||||
But, will this be an attractive offering? Many laptops with high-res displays or OLED panels haven’t worked well with the battery life. Not just Linux laptops.
|
||||
|
||||
So, will StartFighter be a competitive contender in the space?
|
||||
|
||||
Star Labs mentioned in a tweet that they estimate it for around 8-14 hours depending on the configuration. Of course, it will come down to your usage as well.
|
||||
|
||||
The company also clarified that the laptop will be available with coreboot, but it will not be an entirely free software project. Some other points to note include:
|
||||
|
||||
* The laptops will feature [LVFS][5] support.
|
||||
* Intel models will be available with Gen 4 SSDs. AMD variants will be limited to Gen 3.
|
||||
|
||||
It could feature elementaryOS 6.1 as the image suggests. However, you should also expect to have Ubuntu 22.04 LTS as an option for the OS.
|
||||
|
||||
So, what do you think about StarFighter by Star Labs? Would this be your next laptop when it is available?
|
||||
|
||||
Share your thoughts in the comments section below.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://news.itsfoss.com/starfighter-laptop-reveal/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Ankush Das][a]
|
||||
选题：[lkxed][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lkxed
|
||||
[1]: https://news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/starfighter-linux-powered-laptop.jpg
|
||||
[2]: https://news.itsfoss.com/infinitybook-pro-14-3k/
|
||||
[3]: http://starlabs.systems
|
||||
[4]: https://twitter.com/starlabsltd/status/1542908391793692672
|
||||
[5]: https://fwupd.org/
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,38 @@
|
||||
[#]: subject: "GitHub Copilot Is Only Effective Because It Steals Open Source Code"
|
||||
[#]: via: "https://www.opensourceforu.com/2022/07/github-copilot-is-only-effective-because-it-steals-open-source-code/"
|
||||
[#]: author: "Laveesh Kocher https://www.opensourceforu.com/author/laveesh-kocher/"
|
||||
[#]: collector: "lkxed"
|
||||
[#]: translator: " "
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: " "
|
||||
[#]: publisher: " "
|
||||
[#]: url: " "
|
||||
|
||||
GitHub Copilot Is Only Effective Because It Steals Open Source Code
|
||||
======
|
||||
![github-logo-2][1]
|
||||
|
||||
The Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC), a non-profit community of open source advocates, announced its withdrawal from GitHub today in a scathing blog post urging members and supporters to publicly condemn the platform. The SFC’s issue with GitHub stems from allegations that Microsoft and OpenAI trained an AI system called Copilot on data that had been made available under an open source licence. Open source code is not like a donation box where you can take whatever you want and use it however you want.
|
||||
|
||||
It’s closer to photography. Even if a photographer does not charge you to use one of their images, you are still required to give credit where credit is due. According to an SFC [blog post][2], Copilot does not do this when it comes to using other people’s code snippets:
|
||||
|
||||
“This harkens to long-standing problems with GitHub, and the central reason why we must together give up on GitHub. We’ve seen with Copilot, with GitHub’s core hosting service, and in nearly every area of endeavor, GitHub’s behavior is substantially worse than that of their peers. We don’t believe Amazon, Atlassian, GitLab, or any other for-profit hoster are perfect actors. However, a relative comparison of GitHub’s behavior to those of its peers shows that GitHub’s behavior is much worse.”
|
||||
|
||||
GitHub is the world’s de facto repository for open source code. It’s a cross between YouTube, Twitter, and Reddit, but for programmers and the code they create. Sure, there are alternatives. Switching from one code-repository ecosystem to another, however, is not the same as trading Instagram for TikTok. Microsoft paid more than $7 billion to acquire GitHub in 2018. Since then, Microsoft has used its position as OpenAI’s primary benefactor to collaborate on the development of Copilot. And access to Copilot is only available through a special invitation from Microsoft or through a paid subscription. The SFC and other open source advocates are outraged because Microsoft and OpenAI are effectively monetizing other people’s code while removing the ability for those who use that code to properly credit those who use it.
|
||||
|
||||
Copilot must be killed. Alternately, Microsoft and OpenAI could construct a time machine and travel back in time to label every single datapoint in Copilot’s database, allowing them to create a second model that gives proper credit to every output. But it’s always easier to take advantage of people and exploit the Wild West regulatory environment than it is to care about the ethics of the products and services you offer.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://www.opensourceforu.com/2022/07/github-copilot-is-only-effective-because-it-steals-open-source-code/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Laveesh Kocher][a]
|
||||
选题：[lkxed][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://www.opensourceforu.com/author/laveesh-kocher/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lkxed
|
||||
[1]: https://www.opensourceforu.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/github-logo-2-e1657018894307.png
|
||||
[2]: https://sfconservancy.org/blog/2022/jun/30/give-up-github-launch/
|
||||
@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
|
||||
[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/best-ubuntu-apps-2022-part2/"
|
||||
[#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/"
|
||||
[#]: collector: "lkxed"
|
||||
[#]: translator: " "
|
||||
[#]: translator: "Donkey"
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: " "
|
||||
[#]: publisher: " "
|
||||
[#]: url: " "
|
||||
@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ via: https://www.debugpoint.com/best-ubuntu-apps-2022-part2/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Arindam][a]
|
||||
选题：[lkxed][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
译者：[Donkey](https://github.com/Donkey-Hao)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
|
||||
[#]: via: "https://itsfoss.com/boot-older-kernel-default/"
|
||||
[#]: author: "Abhishek Prakash https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/"
|
||||
[#]: collector: "lkxed"
|
||||
[#]: translator: " "
|
||||
[#]: translator: "hanszhao80"
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: " "
|
||||
[#]: publisher: " "
|
||||
[#]: url: " "
|
||||
@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ via: https://itsfoss.com/boot-older-kernel-default/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Abhishek Prakash][a]
|
||||
选题：[lkxed][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
译者：[hanszhao80](https://github.com/hanszhao80)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,136 +0,0 @@
|
||||
[#]: subject: "Hide Files and Folders in Linux Without Renaming Them"
|
||||
[#]: via: "https://itsfoss.com/hide-files-folders-linux/"
|
||||
[#]: author: "Abhishek Prakash https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/"
|
||||
[#]: collector: "lkxed"
|
||||
[#]: translator: "hanszhao80"
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: " "
|
||||
[#]: publisher: " "
|
||||
[#]: url: " "
|
||||
|
||||
Hide Files and Folders in Linux Without Renaming Them
|
||||
======
|
||||
Brief: This beginner-focused article discusses how you can hide files and folders from normal view in Linux. Both GUI and command-line methods have been discussed.
|
||||
|
||||
There will be times when you need to hide files in Linux.
|
||||
|
||||
No, I am not talking about those ‘special files’ that you don’t want your family to see. Although you can hide these special files, it is better to lock them with a password for an extra layer of protection.
|
||||
|
||||
Back to hiding files. **Any file or folder whose name begins with a . (dot) is “hidden” in Linux.**
|
||||
|
||||
Linux has plenty of such files and folders that are hidden from the normal view. These are mainly config files that are needed by the system and programs.
|
||||
|
||||
The users don’t need them normally and hence they are hidden from the normal view so that you don’t get overwhelmed by so many strange-looking files that you never created.
|
||||
|
||||
Here’s a look at the hidden files and folders in my home directory.
|
||||
|
||||
![linux normal view][1]
|
||||
|
||||
![linux show hiiden files][2]
|
||||
|
||||
You can easily [view the hidden files][3] by pressing Ctrl+H in the file manager if you are using desktop Linux. In the terminal, you can use the ls -a command to display the hidden files along with the normal ones.
|
||||
|
||||
So, how do you create hidden files in Linux? You simply name them with a dot. Here’s how.
|
||||
|
||||
### Create hidden files and folders in Linux desktop (GUI method)
|
||||
|
||||
If you are using the file manager, right click on the file or folder and choose the rename option. Now all you have to do is to add a . at the beginning of the filename.
|
||||
|
||||
GNOME’s Nautilus file manager also shows a warning when you are creating a hidden file in this manner.
|
||||
|
||||
![hide files ubuntu linux][4]
|
||||
|
||||
You can hide a folder along with all its contents in the same way.
|
||||
|
||||
You can press Ctrl+H keys to display the hidden files. Oh! how much I love [keyboard shortcuts in Ubuntu][5] or any other program or OS I use.
|
||||
|
||||
To make the hidden files normal again, just rename them again by removing the dot from the beginning of the file name.
|
||||
|
||||
### Create hidden files and folders in Linux terminal (CLI method)
|
||||
|
||||
If you are stuck with the terminal, you can [use the mv command][6] to rename the file. You just have to rename the file by adding a . at the beginning of the original filename.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
mv filename .filename
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
You can display the hidden files using this command:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
ls -la
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
You may also use ls -lA. This one won’t show the dot files (. and ..).
|
||||
|
||||
### Bonus tip: Hide files and folders without renaming them (works in GUI only)
|
||||
|
||||
You just learned to hide files in Linux. The problem is that you have to rename the files and that’s not ideal in all situations.
|
||||
|
||||
For example, in Ubuntu, you’ll see a folder named ‘snap’ in your directory. You are not going to use it but if you rename it, your snap apps won’t work as expected. Similarly, there’s a firefox.tmp folder under the Downloads directory in Ubuntu 22.04 (for the snap version of Firefox).
|
||||
|
||||
There is a neat trick that can be used in the Linux desktop. It should work under various file managers like Nemo, Thunar, Dolphin etc but I cannot vouch for it. It sure works in the Nautilus file manager of GNOME.
|
||||
|
||||
So, what you do here is to create a new file named .hidden in the directory where your desired files or folders (to be hidden) are located.
|
||||
|
||||
![alternate way of hiding files in linux][7]
|
||||
|
||||
Press Ctrl+H to show the hidden files and **open .hidden file** for editing. **Add the name of the files or folders in separate lines**. Keep in mind that it doesn’t take absolute or relative path. Your desired **files and folders should be in the same location as this special .hidden file**.
|
||||
|
||||
Here’s a sample which I used to hide the cpufetch directory and pcloud file without renaming them:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
pcloud
|
||||
cpufetch
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Press Ctrl+H again to hide the .hidden files again.
|
||||
|
||||
Now, **close your file explorer and start it again**. You won’t see the files and directories mentioned in the .hidden file anymore.
|
||||
|
||||
If you want to see them again, press Ctrl+H keys.
|
||||
|
||||
When you don’t want the files hidden anymore, remove their name from the .hidden file or remove .hidden file altogether.
|
||||
|
||||
### Bonus Trivia: The hidden files ‘feature’ was actually a bug
|
||||
|
||||
Do you know that this ‘feature’ to hide a file by adding a . at the beginning of the file name was [actually a bug][8]?
|
||||
|
||||
In the early UNIX days, when the filesystem was created, the . (current directory) and .. (parent directory) files were added for ease of navigation.
|
||||
|
||||
As these special . and .. files had no real data in them, a new ‘feature’ was added to the ls command.
|
||||
|
||||
The feature was to check the first character of a filename and if it’s a dot (.), it was no longer displayed with the ls command.
|
||||
|
||||
That worked for the . and .. files but it introduced a ‘bug’ where any filename starting with . was hidden from the output of the ls command.
|
||||
|
||||
This bug turned into a feature as programmers like it for ‘hiding’ their config files. The ls command was probably modified later to add options to display hidden dot files.
|
||||
|
||||
The same convention gets followed in Linux as Linux was modeled after UNIX.
|
||||
|
||||
### Conclusion
|
||||
|
||||
I have discussed creating files that are hidden from the normal view. If you want to create secret files or folders that cannot be accessed by other people, you should encrypt them. I have written about [locking folders with passwords in Linux][9]. It’s a bit old article but it may still work.
|
||||
|
||||
I hope you liked this simple topic and learned something new. Use the comment section and let me know your thoughts.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://itsfoss.com/hide-files-folders-linux/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Abhishek Prakash][a]
|
||||
选题：[lkxed][b]
|
||||
译者：[hanszhao80](https://github.com/hanszhao80)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lkxed
|
||||
[1]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/linux-normal-view.png
|
||||
[2]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/linux-show-hiiden-files.png
|
||||
[3]: https://itsfoss.com/hide-folders-and-show-hidden-files-in-ubuntu-beginner-trick/
|
||||
[4]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/hide-files-ubuntu-linux.png
|
||||
[5]: https://itsfoss.com/ubuntu-shortcuts/
|
||||
[6]: https://linuxhandbook.com/mv-command/
|
||||
[7]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/alternate-way-of-hiding-files-in-linux.png
|
||||
[8]: https://linux-audit.com/linux-history-how-dot-files-became-hidden-files/
|
||||
[9]: https://itsfoss.com/password-protect-folder-linux/
|
||||
@ -1,83 +0,0 @@
|
||||
[#]: subject: "Fixing “cannot find signatures with metadata for snap” Error in Ubuntu and other Linux"
|
||||
[#]: via: "https://itsfoss.com/snap-metadata-signature-error/"
|
||||
[#]: author: "Abhishek Prakash https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/"
|
||||
[#]: collector: "lkxed"
|
||||
[#]: translator: "geekpi"
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: " "
|
||||
[#]: publisher: " "
|
||||
[#]: url: " "
|
||||
|
||||
Fixing “cannot find signatures with metadata for snap” Error in Ubuntu and other Linux
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
The other day I was trying to install [massCode][1] application. For installation, it provided a Snap file to download.
|
||||
|
||||
When I tried to install the application from Snap file
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
sudo snap install snap_file
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
It gave me the following error:
|
||||
|
||||
**error: cannot find signatures with metadata for snap “masscode_2.6.1_amd64.snap”**
|
||||
|
||||
![cannot find signature with metadata for snap][2]
|
||||
|
||||
That was strange. While [adding external repositories in Ubuntu][3], you have to add the GPG key. But no such things were provided by the developer here.
|
||||
|
||||
The ‘fix’ is easy and simple. Let me explain it to you.
|
||||
|
||||
### Handling “cannot find signatures with metadata for snap” error
|
||||
|
||||
There are no signatures involved here.
|
||||
|
||||
What happens is that you have downloaded a Snap installer file from a third party. The snap mechanism in Ubuntu expects you to get the snap packages from the official snap store.
|
||||
|
||||
Since it doesn’t come from the snap store, you see the ‘cannot find signatures with metadata for snap’ error message. The error message is not descriptive, like most error messages.
|
||||
|
||||
So, what’s the solution here?
|
||||
|
||||
Any snap package that is not distributed through the Snap store has to be installed with the**–dangerous flag**. That’s the rule.
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
sudo snap install --dangerous path_to_snap_file
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
This way, you tell the snap package manager to explicitly install the snap package.
|
||||
|
||||
Here, I used this flag and was able to install massCode from its snap package successfully.
|
||||
|
||||
![installing third party snap packages][4]
|
||||
|
||||
How ‘dangerous’ is it to install snap packages this way? Almost the same as downloading and [installing packages in deb format][5].
|
||||
|
||||
In my opinion, if you are downloading the snap package from the project developer’s website, you are already entrusting the project. In such cases, you can install it with the –dangerous flag.
|
||||
|
||||
Of course, you should first search if the package is available in the snap store or not:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
snap find package_name
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
I hope this quick little tip helped you fix the Snap error. If you have questions or suggestions please let me know. If you want to learn more, see [this guide on using Snap commands][6].
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://itsfoss.com/snap-metadata-signature-error/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Abhishek Prakash][a]
|
||||
选题：[lkxed][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lkxed
|
||||
[1]: https://masscode.io/
|
||||
[2]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/cannot-find-signature-with-metadata-for-snap-800x205.png
|
||||
[3]: https://itsfoss.com/adding-external-repositories-ubuntu/
|
||||
[4]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/installing-third-party-snap-packages-800x358.png
|
||||
[5]: https://itsfoss.com/install-deb-files-ubuntu/
|
||||
[6]: https://itsfoss.com/use-snap-packages-ubuntu-16-04/
|
||||
@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
|
||||
[#]: via: "https://itsfoss.com/masscode/"
|
||||
[#]: author: "Ankush Das https://itsfoss.com/author/ankush/"
|
||||
[#]: collector: "lkxed"
|
||||
[#]: translator: " "
|
||||
[#]: translator: "geekpi"
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: " "
|
||||
[#]: publisher: " "
|
||||
[#]: url: " "
|
||||
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,293 @@
|
||||
[#]: subject: "10 Tools to Generate and Have Fun With ASCII Art in Linux Terminal"
|
||||
[#]: via: "https://itsfoss.com/ascii-art-linux-terminal/"
|
||||
[#]: author: "Abhishek Prakash https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/"
|
||||
[#]: collector: "lkxed"
|
||||
[#]: translator: " "
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: " "
|
||||
[#]: publisher: " "
|
||||
[#]: url: " "
|
||||
|
||||
10 Tools to Generate and Have Fun With ASCII Art in Linux Terminal
|
||||
======
|
||||
Linux terminal is not as scary as you think.
|
||||
|
||||
Of course, it could be intimidating in the beginning but once you [know the terminal better][1], you start loving it.
|
||||
|
||||
You are likely to use the terminal for serious work. But there are many fun stuff you can do in the terminal as well.
|
||||
|
||||
One of them is experimenting with ASCII art. You can display predefined or random messages, play games, or run some animation in ASCII format in the Linux terminal using various command line tools.
|
||||
|
||||
My teammate Sreenath likes to explore such unusual CLI tools and share his findings with me. I am sharing those findings with you.
|
||||
|
||||
![ascii art tools linux][2]
|
||||
|
||||
Most of these programs should be available in the repositories of your Linux distribution. You can use your system’s package manager to install them. To keep the article concise, I have only included the installation instructions for Ubuntu.
|
||||
|
||||
### 1. lolcat: Add colors to your terminal
|
||||
|
||||
Alright! lolcat doesn’t have anything to do with ASCII art. At least not directly.
|
||||
|
||||
Still, I included it at the beginning of this article because you can combine other ASCII tools with lolcat.
|
||||
|
||||
So, what does it do? It is similar to the cat command but it adds random gradient colors to its output.
|
||||
|
||||
![lolcat][3]
|
||||
|
||||
It may not look useful at the moment but you’ll see its impact when the outputs of other ASCII tools are piped through lolcat.
|
||||
|
||||
Install lolcat with the apt command:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
sudo apt install lolcat
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 2. Aewan: Display ASCII text beautifully
|
||||
|
||||
Aewan is a multi-layered ASCII graphics/animation editor. It produces stand-alone cat-able ASCII art files and an easy-to-parse format for integration into terminal applications.
|
||||
|
||||
It has two tools: `aewan`, an ASCII editor and `aecat`, for viewing the created file.
|
||||
|
||||
I am not going to discuss the editor part here.
|
||||
|
||||
![aewan initial layout][4]
|
||||
|
||||
To display any text in pretty ASCII format, you need the aecat command. Notice the use of letters in the screenshot below.
|
||||
|
||||
![aewan output][5]
|
||||
|
||||
To install aewan use the following command:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
sudo apt install aewan
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
And then use it like this:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
aecat hello
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### 3. Cowsay: Make an ASCII cow say whatever you want
|
||||
|
||||
What does the cow say? Whatever you want it to say.
|
||||
|
||||
The cowsay is already a popular tool among seasoned Linux users. It shows an ASCII cow that repeats the text you provide it.
|
||||
|
||||
![cowsay][6]
|
||||
|
||||
But you are not restricted to cows only. You can change it to several other characters as well. Like a dragon (burning King’s landing):
|
||||
|
||||
![cowsay][7]
|
||||
|
||||
Did you notice the colored output in the above screenshot? That’s the magic of the lolcat command I mentioned earlier.
|
||||
|
||||
To install cowsay, use:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
sudo apt install cowsay
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Once installed, you can use it like this:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
cowsay hello
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
You can refer to its [man page][8] for additional configuration and options.
|
||||
|
||||
### 4. jp2a: Convert images into ASCII art
|
||||
|
||||
jp2a is a command-line tool that [converts images to ASCII art in the Linux terminal][9]. It works with JPEG and PNG files. It also allows colored output and your selection of character set to appear as ASCII image.
|
||||
|
||||
![jp2a][10]
|
||||
|
||||
You can install it using the following command:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
sudo apt install jp2a
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
You can get the colorful output and save the ASCII text like this:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
jp2a --output=ascii.txt --colors input.png
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
It’s not the only program of this kind. There is ascii-image-converter and several other tools that could be used for the same purpose. I won’t discuss all of them in this list.
|
||||
|
||||
### 5. linuxlogo: Display the ASCII logo your Linux distro
|
||||
|
||||
The name says it all. It displays the [Linux logo in ASCII format][11].
|
||||
|
||||
No, not our [beloved Linux logo, Tux][12] but the logo of your Linux distribution. It also shows a few additional information like [Linux kernel version][13], CPU, RAM, hostname, etc.
|
||||
|
||||
![linux logo][14]
|
||||
|
||||
You can install it using the apt command:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
sudo apt install linuxlogo
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Just enter linuxlogo to use the command.
|
||||
|
||||
### 6. Neoftech: Display the Linux logo along with system info
|
||||
|
||||
The above linuxlogo command is too simplistic. You can amp it up by using Neofetch.
|
||||
|
||||
It displays the distribution in a more pretty way along with several system information like kernel, uptime, desktop environment, theme, icons, etc.
|
||||
|
||||
![neofetch][15]
|
||||
|
||||
You can also parse it through lolcat to get rainbow-colored output.
|
||||
|
||||
Install Neoftech using this command:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
sudo apt install neofetch
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
And then just enter neoftech to run the command.
|
||||
|
||||
There is also screenfetch, a similar tool to Neofetch. You can use either of them.
|
||||
|
||||
### 7. fortune: Get your fortune told
|
||||
|
||||
Just kidding! There’s no such thing.
|
||||
|
||||
However, fortune cookies are still fashionable and apparently, people like to read random predictions or teachings.
|
||||
|
||||
You can get a similar feature in the Linux terminal with the fortune command:
|
||||
|
||||
![fortune cookie linux][16]
|
||||
|
||||
You can install it using the following command:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
sudo apt install fortune
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Once installed, just enter fortune in the terminal to get a random message.
|
||||
|
||||
### 8. pv: Make things animated
|
||||
|
||||
This is a classic example of the unintended use of a Linux command. The pv command is used to monitor the progress of data through pipe.
|
||||
|
||||
But you can use it to animate the output of any command. Combine it with some of the above-mentioned commands and you can see the ASCII art appearing on your screen as if it is being typed.
|
||||
|
||||
Don’t get it? Watch this video:
|
||||
|
||||
![A Video from YouTube][17]
|
||||
|
||||
Install it using the following command:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
sudo apt install pv
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
And then use it in the following manner:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
neofetch | pv -qL 200 | lolcat
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
The higher the number, the higher will be the speed.
|
||||
|
||||
### 9. cmatrix: Matrix like animation in ASCII
|
||||
|
||||
Remember the cult geek move Matrix? The green falling code is synonymous with Matrix and hacking.
|
||||
|
||||
You can run an ASCII simulation of the falling code in the Linux terminal with cmatrix command.
|
||||
|
||||
I am sharing a screenshot instead of animation here.
|
||||
|
||||
![cmatrix][18]
|
||||
|
||||
You can install it with apt command:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
sudo apt install cmatrix
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
Once installed, you can run it with:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
cmatrix
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
It starts the animation immediately and it keeps on generating random green text falling and disappearing from the screen. The command keeps on running. To [stop the running application][19], use the Ctrl+C keys.
|
||||
|
||||
### 10. cbonsai: Grow a bonsai in your terminal
|
||||
|
||||
Got a green thumb? How about growing an ASCII bonsai tree in the terminal?
|
||||
|
||||
cbonsai is a [fun Linux command][20] that lets you run bonsai tree growing animation in ASCII format.
|
||||
|
||||
I shared a YouTube Shorts of cbonsai command a few days ago.
|
||||
|
||||
![Have fun with the Linux terminal 😍 🐧][21]
|
||||
|
||||
[Subscribe to our YouTube channel for more Linux videos][22]
|
||||
|
||||
You can install cbonsai using:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
sudo apt install cbonsai
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
And then to run the animation, use this command:
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
cbonsai -l
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Try some more
|
||||
|
||||
There are many more such fun CLI tools. Heck, there are [ASCII games][23] as well. It’s fun to use them at times to amuse people around you.
|
||||
|
||||
Can you put these commands to some good use? Not certain about the usability, but you can add some of them in your .bashrc file so that the command is run as soon as you open a terminal session.
|
||||
|
||||
Many sys-admins do that on shared Linux systems. A program like cowsay or figlet can be used to display a message or system info in a pretty way.
|
||||
|
||||
You may also use some of these programs in your bash scripts, especially if you have to highlight something.
|
||||
|
||||
There could be other usages of ASCII art in Linux. I let you share them with the rest of us here.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Read More Articles
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://itsfoss.com/ascii-art-linux-terminal/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Abhishek Prakash][a]
|
||||
选题：[lkxed][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lkxed
|
||||
[1]: https://itsfoss.com/basic-terminal-tips-ubuntu/
|
||||
[2]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/ascii-art-tools-linux.png
|
||||
[3]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/lolcat.png
|
||||
[4]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/Aewan-initial-layout.png
|
||||
[5]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/aewan-output.png
|
||||
[6]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/cowsay-1.png
|
||||
[7]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/cowsay.png
|
||||
[8]: https://itsfoss.com/linux-man-page-guide/
|
||||
[9]: https://itsfoss.com/ascii-image-converter/
|
||||
[10]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/jp2a.png
|
||||
[11]: https://itsfoss.com/display-linux-logo-in-ascii/
|
||||
[12]: https://itsfoss.com/tux-trivia/
|
||||
[13]: https://itsfoss.com/find-which-kernel-version-is-running-in-ubuntu/
|
||||
[14]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/linux-logo.png
|
||||
[15]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/neofetch.png
|
||||
[16]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/fortune-cookie-Linux.png
|
||||
[17]: https://player.vimeo.com/video/727286686
|
||||
[18]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/cmatrix.png
|
||||
[19]: https://itsfoss.com/stop-program-linux-terminal/
|
||||
[20]: https://itsfoss.com/funny-linux-commands/
|
||||
[21]: https://youtu.be/KqhqgdezPp8
|
||||
[22]: https://www.youtube.com/c/itsfoss?sub_confirmation=1
|
||||
[23]: https://itsfoss.com/best-ascii-games/
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,120 @@
|
||||
[#]: subject: "3 steps to create an awesome UX in a CLI application"
|
||||
[#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/22/7/awesome-ux-cli-application"
|
||||
[#]: author: "Noaa Barki https://opensource.com/users/noaa-barki"
|
||||
[#]: collector: "lkxed"
|
||||
[#]: translator: " "
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: " "
|
||||
[#]: publisher: " "
|
||||
[#]: url: " "
|
||||
|
||||
3 steps to create an awesome UX in a CLI application
|
||||
======
|
||||
Here is what I've learned to be the key factors that go into a successful user experience for a CLI project.
|
||||
|
||||
As I was sitting in a meeting room, speaking with one of my teammates, our manager walked in with the rest of the dev team. The door slammed shut and our manager revealed that he had a big announcement. What unfolded before our eyes was the next project we were going to develop—an open source CLI (command line interface) application.
|
||||
|
||||
In this article, I'd like to share what I learned during our development process, and specifically what I wish I had known before we began developing [Datree's CLI][3]. Perhaps the next person can use these tips to create a great CLI application faster.
|
||||
|
||||
My name is Noaa Barki. I've been a full-stack developer for over six years, and I'll let you in on a little secret—I have a superpower: My interest and expertise are evenly split between back-end and front-end development. I simply cannot choose one without the other.
|
||||
|
||||
So when my manager revealed the news about our future CLI, the back-end developer-me got very excited because I'd never created a CLI (or any open source project, for that matter). A few seconds later, the front-end developer-me started to wonder, *How can I build an awesome user experience in a CLI application?*
|
||||
|
||||
Since Datree CLI helps engineers prevent [Kubernetes misconfigurations][4], my users are primarily DevOps and engineers, so I interviewed all my DevOps friends and searched online about the general DevOps persona.
|
||||
|
||||
Here are the steps I came up with:
|
||||
|
||||
1. Design the commands
|
||||
2. Design the UI
|
||||
3. Provide backward compatibility
|
||||
|
||||
### Step 1: Design the commands
|
||||
|
||||
Once you have completed the strategic process, it's time to design the commands. I think about CLI applications like magic boxes—they hold great features that work in a magical way, but only if you know how to use them. That means a CLI application must be intuitive and easy to use.
|
||||
|
||||
#### My top six principles for CLI commands
|
||||
|
||||
Here are my top six principles and best practices for designing and developing CLI commands:
|
||||
|
||||
**1. Input flag vs. arguments**
|
||||
|
||||
Use arguments for required fields, and for everything else, use flags. Take, for example, the `datree test` command, which prints the policy results, and say that you want to enable the user to print the output into a specific file. If you use `datree test {pattern} {output-file}`, it is difficult to understand from reading the executed command which argument is the pattern and which argument is the file path.
|
||||
|
||||
For example, this occurs with the following command: `datree test **/* **.YAML`. However, if you use `datree test {pattern} -output {output-path}`, it becomes much clearer.
|
||||
|
||||
**Note:** Reports show that most users find flags to be clearer.
|
||||
|
||||
**2. Enum-style vs. Boolean flags**
|
||||
|
||||
It's preferable to use an enum-style flag over a Boolean-style flag because then you (a developer and user) need to think about all combinations of the presence or absence of the flags in the command. An enum-style flag is a flag that assumes a value. Enum-style flags make it much easier to implement tab completion.
|
||||
|
||||
**3. Use familiar language**
|
||||
|
||||
Remember that a CLI is built more for humans than machines. Pick real-world language for your commands and descriptions.
|
||||
|
||||
**4. Naming conventions**
|
||||
|
||||
Use CLI commands that are named in a SINGLE form and VERB-NOUN format. This allows the command to be read like an imperative or request, for example: *Computer, start app!*
|
||||
|
||||
Minimize with the total number of commands you use, and don't rush to introduce new verbs to new commands. This makes it easier for users to remember command names.
|
||||
|
||||
**5. Prompts**
|
||||
|
||||
Provide a bypass to the prompt option. The user cannot script the command if prompting is required to complete it. To avoid frustrating users, a simple `--output` flag can be a valuable solution to allow the user to parse the output and script the CLI.
|
||||
|
||||
**6. Command descriptions**
|
||||
|
||||
The root command should list all the commands with their descriptions. Provide a command description to all commands (or do not offer descriptions at all), choose the screen width you want it to fit into (generally an 80-character width), and begin with a lowercase character. Also, don't end with a period to avoid unclear line breaks or lost periods.
|
||||
|
||||
### Step 2: Design the UI
|
||||
|
||||
Now you have a solid definition for your users. You have also planned and designed your commands and outputs. Next it's time to think about making the CLI application aesthetic, accessible, and easy to learn.
|
||||
|
||||
If you think about it, almost every app must deal with UX (user experience) challenges during the users' onboarding and journey. The *how* part of UX for web applications is much more obvious because you have many component libraries (such as material-UI and bootstrap) that make it easier to adopt standard style guides and functionality flows. But what about CLI applications? Are there any design conventions for CLI interfaces? How can you create an aesthetic design of the CLI functionality that is also accessible? Is there any way to make the CLI UI as friendly as a GUI?
|
||||
|
||||
#### Top three UI and UX best practices for CLI applications
|
||||
|
||||
**1. Use colors**
|
||||
|
||||
Colors are a great way to attract your user's eyes and help them read commands and outputs much faster. The most recommended font colors are magenta, cyan, blue, green, and gray, but don't forget that background colors can provide more variety. I encourage you to use yellow and red colors but remember that these are typically saved for errors and warnings.
|
||||
|
||||
**2. Input-output consistency**
|
||||
|
||||
Be consistent with inputs and outputs across the application; this encourages usability and allows the user to learn how to interact with new commands quickly.
|
||||
|
||||
**3. Ordering arguments**
|
||||
|
||||
Choose an argument's position based on how it correlates with the command's action. Consider NestJS's generate command `nest generate {schematic} {name}`, which needs *schematic* and *name* as arguments. Notice that the action *generate* refers directly to the *schematic*, not *name*, so it makes more sense for *schematic* to be the first arg.
|
||||
|
||||
### Step 3: Provide backward compatibility
|
||||
|
||||
Avoid modifying the output. Now that you know how to create a perfect CLI application, don't forget to keep your users in the back of your mind, especially when enabling scripting the CLI. Remember that any change in the command's outputs may break users' current scripts; therefore, avoid modifying the output.
|
||||
|
||||
### Wrap up
|
||||
|
||||
Creating a new CLI is exciting and challenging, and doing so with a helpful and easy UX adds to the challenge. My experience shows that three key factors go into a successful UX for a CLI project:
|
||||
|
||||
1. Design the commands
|
||||
2. Design the UI
|
||||
3. Provide backward compatibility
|
||||
|
||||
Each of these phases has its own components that support the logic and make the lives of your users easier.
|
||||
|
||||
I hope these concepts are useful and that you have the opportunity to apply them in your next project.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://opensource.com/article/22/7/awesome-ux-cli-application
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Noaa Barki][a]
|
||||
选题：[lkxed][b]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://opensource.com/users/noaa-barki
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lkxed
|
||||
[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/lead-images/lenovo-thinkpad-laptop-concentration-focus-windows-office.png
|
||||
[2]: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/us/
|
||||
[3]: https://www.datree.io/
|
||||
[4]: https://opensource.com/article/22/4/kubernetes-policies-config-datree
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,136 @@
|
||||
[#]: subject: "Hide Files and Folders in Linux Without Renaming Them"
|
||||
[#]: via: "https://itsfoss.com/hide-files-folders-linux/"
|
||||
[#]: author: "Abhishek Prakash https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/"
|
||||
[#]: collector: "lkxed"
|
||||
[#]: translator: "hanszhao80"
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: " "
|
||||
[#]: publisher: " "
|
||||
[#]: url: " "
|
||||
|
||||
在 Linux 中用非重命名的方法隐藏文件和文件夹
|
||||
======
|
||||
简介：这篇面向初学者的文章探讨了在 Linux 中如何在普通视图中隐藏文件和文件夹。图形用户界面和命令行方法都有所涉猎。
|
||||
|
||||
有时你需要在 Linux 中隐藏文件。
|
||||
|
||||
不要误会，我不是指那些你不想让你的家人看到的“特殊文件”。尽管你可以隐藏这些特殊文件，但更好的办法还是用密码锁定它们以提供额外的保护。
|
||||
|
||||
回到隐藏文件的话题。 **名称以 `.` 开头的任何文件或文件夹在 Linux 中是“隐藏的”。**
|
||||
|
||||
Linux 有很多这样的文件和文件夹，在普通视图中它们是隐藏的。这些主要是系统和程序所需的配置文件。
|
||||
|
||||
用户通常不需要它们，因此它们在普通视图中是隐藏的，这样一来你就不会被许多看起来很奇怪的而不是你所创建的文件所淹没。
|
||||
|
||||
下图展示了我的主目录中隐藏的文件和文件夹。
|
||||
|
||||
![linux 普通视图][1]
|
||||
|
||||
![linux 显示隐藏文件][2]
|
||||
|
||||
如果你使用的是桌面版 Linux，你可以通过在文件管理器中按 Ctrl+H 快捷键来轻松 [查看隐藏文件][3]。在终端中，你可以使用 `ls -a` 命令显示隐藏文件和普通文件。
|
||||
|
||||
那么，如何在 Linux 中创建隐藏文件呢？你只需用一个在命名的时候加一个`.`前缀。就是这样。
|
||||
|
||||
### 在桌面版 Linux 里创建隐藏文件和文件夹（GUI 方法）
|
||||
|
||||
如果你使用的是文件管理器，在文件或文件夹上右键并选择重命名选项。现在你所要做的就是在文件名的开头添加一个 `.`。
|
||||
|
||||
当你以这种方式创建隐藏文件时，GNOME 的 Nautilus 文件管理器也会显示一个警告。
|
||||
|
||||
![ubuntu linux 隐藏文件][4]
|
||||
|
||||
你可以以相同的方式隐藏文件夹及其所有内容。
|
||||
|
||||
你可以按 Ctrl+H 键来显示隐藏文件。哦！我是多么的喜欢 [Ubuntu 中的键盘快捷键][5] 和我使用的任何其他程序或操作系统！
|
||||
|
||||
要使隐藏文件变回普通文件，只需再次重命名这些文件删掉文件名前缀的`.`即可。
|
||||
|
||||
### 在 Linux 终端创建隐藏文件和文件夹（CLI 方法）
|
||||
|
||||
如果你热衷于终端，你可以 [使用 mv 命令][6] 重命名文件。你只需在原始文件名的开头添加一个 `.`。
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
mv filename .filename
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
你可以使用以下命令显示隐藏文件：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
ls -la
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
你也可以使用 `ls -lA`。这条命令不会显示点文件（`.` 和 `..`）。
|
||||
|
||||
### 额外提示：用非重命名的方法隐藏文件和文件夹（仅适用于 GUI）
|
||||
|
||||
你刚刚学了在 Linux 中隐藏文件。问题是你必须重命名文件，而这种操作不适用于所有的场合。
|
||||
|
||||
例如，在 Ubuntu 中，你会在目录中看到一个名为“snap”的文件夹。你不会使用它，但如果重命名它，你的 snap 应用程序将无法按预期工作。类似的情况是，在 Ubuntu 22.04（安装有 snap 版本的 Firefox）的 Downloads 目录下有一个 firefox.tmp 文件夹。
|
||||
|
||||
有一个巧妙的技巧可以在 Linux 桌面中使用。它应该可以在 Nemo、Thunar、Dolphin 等各种文件管理器下工作，但我不能保证。它确实适用于 GNOME 的 Nautilus 文件管理器。
|
||||
|
||||
因此，你在这里所做的是在你想要隐藏的文件或文件所在的目录中创建一个名为 `.hidden` 的新文件。
|
||||
|
||||
![在 Linux 中隐藏文件的另一种方法][7]
|
||||
|
||||
按 Ctrl+H 显示隐藏文件并 **打开 .hidden 文件** 进行编辑。**在单独的行中添加文件或文件夹的名称**。注意不能使用绝对或相对路径。你想要隐藏的**文件和文件夹应与此特殊 .hidden 文件** 位于同一路径下。
|
||||
|
||||
这是我以不重命名的方式隐藏 `cpufetch` 目录和 `pcloud` 文件的示例：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
pcloud
|
||||
cpufetch
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
按 Ctrl+H 以再次隐藏 `.hidden` 文件。
|
||||
|
||||
现在，**关闭你的文件资源管理器并重新启动它**。你将不会再看到 .hidden 文件中提到的文件和目录。
|
||||
|
||||
如果你想再次查看它们，请按 Ctrl+H 键。
|
||||
|
||||
如果你不想再隐藏文件，请从 .hidden 文件中删除其名称或完全删除 .hidden 文件。
|
||||
|
||||
### 额外琐事：隐藏文件“功能”实际上是一个 bug
|
||||
|
||||
你知道吗？在文件名的开头添加一个 `.` 来隐藏文件的`功能`[实际上是一个 bug][8]？
|
||||
|
||||
在早期的 UNIX 时代，当创建文件系统时，`.`（当前目录）和 `..`（父目录）文件被添加以方便导航。
|
||||
|
||||
由于这些特殊的 `.` 和 `..` 文件中没有实际数据，因此给 `ls` 命令添加了一个新的“功能”。
|
||||
|
||||
该功能是检查文件名的第一个字符，如果它是一个点 (.)，则不再使用 ls 命令显示。
|
||||
|
||||
这对隐藏 `.` 和 `..` 文件有效，但它引入了一个 `bug`：`ls` 命令的输出会隐藏任何文件名以 `.` 开头的文件。
|
||||
|
||||
这个 bug 变成了一个功能，因为程序员喜欢它来“隐藏”他们的配置文件。`ls` 命令可能后来被修改为添加显示隐藏点文件的选项。
|
||||
|
||||
Linux 遵循相同的约定，因为 Linux 是以 UNIX 为原型开发的。
|
||||
|
||||
### 结论
|
||||
|
||||
我讨论了如何从普通视图中创建隐藏文件。如果要创建让其他人无法访问的机密文件或文件夹，则应对其进行加密。我曾经写过 [在 Linux 中使用密码锁定文件夹][9]。这是一篇有点儿旧的文章，但它可能仍然有效。
|
||||
|
||||
我希望你喜欢这个简单的话题并学到新的东西。发布你的评论让我知道你的想法吧。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://itsfoss.com/hide-files-folders-linux/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Abhishek Prakash][a]
|
||||
选题：[lkxed][b]
|
||||
译者：[hanszhao80](https://github.com/hanszhao80)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lkxed
|
||||
[1]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/linux-normal-view.png
|
||||
[2]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/linux-show-hiiden-files.png
|
||||
[3]: https://itsfoss.com/hide-folders-and-show-hidden-files-in-ubuntu-beginner-trick/
|
||||
[4]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/hide-files-ubuntu-linux.png
|
||||
[5]: https://itsfoss.com/ubuntu-shortcuts/
|
||||
[6]: https://linuxhandbook.com/mv-command/
|
||||
[7]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/alternate-way-of-hiding-files-in-linux.png
|
||||
[8]: https://linux-audit.com/linux-history-how-dot-files-became-hidden-files/
|
||||
[9]: https://itsfoss.com/password-protect-folder-linux/
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
|
||||
[#]: subject: "Fixing “cannot find signatures with metadata for snap” Error in Ubuntu and other Linux"
|
||||
[#]: via: "https://itsfoss.com/snap-metadata-signature-error/"
|
||||
[#]: author: "Abhishek Prakash https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/"
|
||||
[#]: collector: "lkxed"
|
||||
[#]: translator: "geekpi"
|
||||
[#]: reviewer: " "
|
||||
[#]: publisher: " "
|
||||
[#]: url: " "
|
||||
|
||||
修复 Ubuntu 和其他 Linux 中的 “cannot find signatures with metadata for snap” 错误
|
||||
======
|
||||
|
||||
前几天我试图安装 [massCode][1] 应用。对于安装，它提供了一个 Snap 文件以供下载。
|
||||
|
||||
当我尝试从 Snap 文件安装应用程序时
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
sudo snap install snap_file
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
它给了我以下错误：
|
||||
|
||||
**error: cannot find signatures with metadata for snap “masscode_2.6.1_amd64.snap”**
|
||||
|
||||
![cannot find signature with metadata for snap][2]
|
||||
|
||||
这很奇怪。[在 Ubuntu 中添加外部仓库][3]时，你必须添加 GPG 密钥。但是这里的开发人员没有提供这样的东西。
|
||||
|
||||
“修复”简单易行。让我给你解释一下。
|
||||
|
||||
### 处理 “cannot find signatures with metadata for snap” 错误
|
||||
|
||||
这里不涉及签名。
|
||||
|
||||
发生的情况是你从第三方下载了 Snap 安装程序。 Ubuntu 中的 snap 机制希望你从官方 snap 商店获取 snap 包。
|
||||
|
||||
由于它不是来自 snap 商店，因此你会看到 “cannot find signatures with metadata for snap” 的错误消息。与大多数错误消息一样，错误消息不是描述性的。
|
||||
|
||||
那么，这里的解决方案是什么？
|
||||
|
||||
任何未通过 Snap 商店分发的 snap 包都必须使用 **-dangerous** 选项进行安装。这就是规则。
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
sudo snap install --dangerous path_to_snap_file
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
这样，你告诉 snap 包管理器显式安装 snap 包。
|
||||
|
||||
在这里，我使用了这个选项并且能够成功地从它的 snap 包中安装 massCode。
|
||||
|
||||
![installing third party snap packages][4]
|
||||
|
||||
以这种方式安装 snap 包有多“危险”？几乎和下载并[安装 deb 格式安装包][5]相同。
|
||||
|
||||
在我看来，如果你是从项目开发者的网站上下载 snap 包，你已经在信任项目了。在这种情况下，你可以使用 –dangerous 选项安装它。
|
||||
|
||||
当然，你应该首先搜索该软件包是否在 snap 商店中可用：
|
||||
|
||||
```
|
||||
snap find package_name
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
我希望这个快速的小技巧可以帮助你修复 Snap 错误。如果你有任何问题或建议，请告诉我。如果你想了解更多信息，请参阅[这个使用 Snap 命令指南][6]。
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://itsfoss.com/snap-metadata-signature-error/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Abhishek Prakash][a]
|
||||
选题：[lkxed][b]
|
||||
译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/abhishek/
|
||||
[b]: https://github.com/lkxed
|
||||
[1]: https://masscode.io/
|
||||
[2]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/cannot-find-signature-with-metadata-for-snap-800x205.png
|
||||
[3]: https://itsfoss.com/adding-external-repositories-ubuntu/
|
||||
[4]: https://itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/installing-third-party-snap-packages-800x358.png
|
||||
[5]: https://itsfoss.com/install-deb-files-ubuntu/
|
||||
[6]: https://itsfoss.com/use-snap-packages-ubuntu-16-04/
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user