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joeren
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“Simple Dock” GNOME Shell扩展乾坤大挪移，钟爱应用桌面展现
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================================================================================
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**我爱GNOME Shell，但是我痛恨的是费力从隐藏屏幕中找到我所钟爱的应用或者在我正运行的应用间切换。**
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**我爱GNOME Shell，但是我痛恨的是话费力气从隐藏屏幕中找到我所钟爱的应用或者在我正运行的应用间切换。**
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这么说，听起来就像我是个老古董，像是一个UX勒德分子，也像是某个过分沉溺于Unity可用性瘾君子，但我，像阅读本文的许多人一样，喜欢将app启动器/切换器放到桌面上。这是一个用户所熟悉并且快捷的工作方式。
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这么说，好像听起来我是个老古董，像是一个UX勒德分子，也像是某个过分沉溺于Unity可用性瘾君子，但我，像阅读本文的许多人一样，喜欢将app启动器/切换器放到桌面上。这是一个熟悉、快速的工作方式。
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而GNOME Shell，从设计上看，却完全是个不同的世界。它将所有这一切隐藏起来 —— 从消息中心和通知，到工作区和应用列表。它弱化了审美效果，包含了这样的道理：帮助用户专注于最重要的部分。
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而GNOME Shell，从设计上看，却完全是个不同的世界。它将所有这一切隐藏起来 —— 从消息中心和通知，到工作区和应用列表。它是最小美学，包含这样的道理：帮助用户专注于最重要的部分。
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但是对我而言，我的桌面需要比一个美化的相框更多的东西。
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但是对我而言，我的桌面需要的不仅仅是一个美化的相框。
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### GNOME Shell之美 ###
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@ -23,7 +23,7 @@
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- 拖放收藏
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- 覆盖活动启动按钮
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想要吗？如果你正在Ubuntu 13.10或更高版本上使用GNOME Shell，那么你可以使用它。只需在支持的浏览器（Firefox, GNOME Web之类）中访问下面的链接就可以导航到GNOME扩展页面，然后将页面上开个从“off”拖动到“on”上。
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你也想要吗？如果你正在Ubuntu 13.10或更高版本上使用GNOME Shell，那么你可以使用它。只需在支持的浏览器（Firefox, GNOME Web之类）中访问下面的链接就可以导航到GNOME扩展页面，然后将页面上开个从“off”拖动到“on”上。
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- [GNOME Shell扩展中的Simple Dock][1]
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@ -33,7 +33,7 @@
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via: http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/07/simple-dock-gnome-shell-extension
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译者：[GOLinux](https://github.com/GOLinux) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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译者：[GOLinux](https://github.com/GOLinux) 校对：[Caroline](https://github.com/carolinewuyan)
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|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
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小伙伴们，该更新系统啦：Ubuntu 13.10的支持到今天结束
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================================================================================
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**尽管目前运行良好，在经历了9个月的折腾后，今天官方对Ubuntu 13.10(俏皮蝾螈)的支持正式寿终正寝。**
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> 尽管它的名字叫'俏皮蝾螈'，但它所提供的新功能却无比的乏味。
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那些仍然在使用它的用户应该看看最新的发行的稳定版了，Ubuntu 14.04 LTS。在四月推出的这个版本，提供良好的图形化支持，支持期限是到2019年的4月中旬。
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对于Ubuntu 13.10的服务器版的支持，也到今天正式停止。
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### 俏皮蝾螈已然失宠 ###
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Ubuntu 13.10于去年10月发布，Canonical对其桌面版本承诺提供时长9个月的安全和Bug修复更新。截至今年7月17日，所有更新将停止，未来也不再提供。
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Canonical[推荐的升级方案][1]是升级到14.04版本，目前可以直接通过图形化工具去升级，包括使用升级程序，或者在命令行运行‘`do-release-upgrade`‘命令。
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俏皮蝾螈，它的名字非常的好听，但表现平平，13.10在Ubuntu所有的发行版中也不是一个取得卓越成功的版本，[这一点已经被很多网络评论预言到了][2]。
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然而，它曾经让人眼前一亮的是，<del>强加</del>提供了键盘指示符来快速的选择安装语言，这可以让用户简便的在该智能域操作，这也是第一个在安装程序中整合了`Ubuntu One Single Sign-on`的发行版。
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查看13.10版本的所有新功能，请查看完整视频：
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Youtobe 视频地址：[http://www.youtube.com/embed/1EiRQ-znEcI?feature=oembed][3]
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/07/ubuntu-13-10-support-ends-today
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译者：[nd0104](https://github.com/nd0104) 校对：[ReiNoir](https://github.com/reinoir)
|
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|
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[1]:https://help.ubuntu.com/community/TrustyUpgrades
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[2]:http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2013/10/ubuntu-13-10-press-reaction
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[3]:http://www.youtube.com/embed/1EiRQ-znEcI?feature=oembed
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56
sources/news/20140731 Minimal Linux Live.md
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56
sources/news/20140731 Minimal Linux Live.md
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Minimal Linux Live
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================================================================================
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Minimal Linux Live is a set of Linux shell scripts which automatically build minimal Live Linux OS based on Linux [kernel][1] and [BusyBox][2]. All necessary source codes are automatically downloaded and all build operations are fully encapsulated in the scripts.
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If you want to build your own Minimal Linux Live ISO image file, all you need to do is the following:
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- Get the latest scripts from the [download][3] section.
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- Extract the scripts to some folder.
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- Make sure that all scripts are executable (chmod +x *.sh).
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- Depending on which Linux OS you are using, there might be one or more (or none, or even more) build dependencies that you need to resolve before you start the build process. If you work with Ubuntu, the following commands should resolve all necessary build dependencies:
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|
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----------
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sudo apt-get install wget
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sudo apt-get install make
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sudo apt-get install gcc
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sudo apt-get install bc
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sudo apt-get install syslinux
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sudo apt-get install genisoimage
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- Execute the script **build_minimal_linux_live.sh** and wait. If you have resolved all build dependencies, the whole process should take less than 30 minutes on a modern computer. If the build fails for some reason, most probably there are unresolved build dependencies. Several users reported that the build-essential package resolves all unexpected build dependencies for Ubuntu. If you are using Linux Mint try to install the package g++ and if you still have troubles then try the build-essential package. On Fedora you might need the static 'glibc' package glibc-static.
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|
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Please have in mind that the build dependencies can vary a lot depending on the Linux OS which you use and the software which you have already installed.
|
||||
|
||||
If you still have troubles then examine the failure message and google it. If you are unable to find solution, then you can ask someone more experienced Linux guru (if you know any) or as alternative you can contact me. Please, make sure that you have researched your problem in advance before you send me your question.
|
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|
||||
- When the scripts finish their job you will find newly created **minimal_linux_live.iso** in the same folder where you executed the scripts. You can burn the ISO image file on CD/DVD, install it on USB flash drive via [Universal USB Installer][4], or run it directly via PC emulator like [VirtualBox][5].
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||||
|
||||
The produced ISO image file contains Linux kernel compiled with default options, BusyBox compiled with default options and very simple initramfs. This means that you don't get Windows support out of the box, nor you get any fancy desktop environment. All you get is a simple shell console which supports all BusyBox applets and... well, that's all. This is why it's called "minimal".
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|
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The good news is that even though the OS is small and simple, the build scripts are also very small and very simple. You can quite easily learn from the scripts and later modify them to include more stuff (I encourage you to do so). After you learn the basics you will have all the necessary tools and skills to create your own fully functional Linux based operating system! Entirely from scratch! Isn't it great?! :)
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|
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The tutorial provides more details about the inner structure of the scripts and the overall build process. I encourage you to go through this document when you have the time.
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|
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Below you can find several screenshots which show what the environment looks like when you boot your newly generated Minimal Linux Live OS.
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|
||||
|
||||
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|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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||||
|
||||
via: http://minimal.linux-bg.org/
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||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://kernel.org/
|
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[2]:http://busybox.net/
|
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[3]:http://minimal.linux-bg.org/#
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[4]:http://www.pendrivelinux.com/
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[5]:http://virtualbox.org/
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Red Hat aims to standardize Linux for 64-bit ARM servers
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================================================================================
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> Red Hat wants Linux for ARM servers to avoid the fragmentation that plagued Unix in decades past
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DG News Service - Red Hat has developed a version of the Linux operating system that can be used to test chips and associated hardware based on the ARMv8-A 64-bit architecture for servers with the aim of standardizing that market.
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Based on the company's Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL), the Linux distribution is part of a [partner program][1] that Red Hat launched Wednesday for potential [ARM hardware vendors][2].
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"We don't call it RHEL, but it is a functional, unsupported, operating system for partners to use in their development activities," said Mark Coggin, Red Hat senior director of platform product marketing.
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Red Hat designed the program to get the hardware manufacturers to settle on a standard implementation of the ARMv8-A specification. ARM does not manufacture its own processors, licensing its designs to chip manufacturers instead.
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A standard implementation would mean that customers could purchase ARMv8-A servers from any manufacturer, knowing that their ARM 64-bit operating systems and software will work no matter who created the chip, Coggin said. Red Hat would like Linux ARM to avoid the fate of AT&T's Unix operating system, which fragmented into a number of different and incompatible versions.
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|
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"We see the importance of stepping in early and ensure that we don't end up with a fragmented approach, where if you wanted to run an AMD implementation of ARM, you'd need one version of Linux, and if you wanted to run a Broadcom implementation of ARM, you'd need another version," Coggin said.
|
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|
||||
Some of the work of standardizing ARM for servers has been done through an industry consortium started earlier this year, called the [Server Base System Architecture][3] (SBSA) specification, as well as through ongoing work from the Linaro Enterprise Group. Red Hat's unnamed ARM Linux distribution uses specifications from both groups.
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|
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Red Hat hopes to influence not only the companies that make the chips but also hardware vendors, original equipment manufacturers and original design manufacturers.
|
||||
|
||||
Thus far, manufacturers such as Advanced Micro Devices, American Megatrends, AppliedMicro, Broadcom, Cavium, Dell and Hewlett-Packard have all pledged support to Red Hat's standardization efforts.
|
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|
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"If ARM is to be a viable competitor in the server space, [hardware providers] have to comply to the common understanding of what is possible to run on this type of server. Customers and users demand that from manufacturers today in the x86 world," said Yan Fisher, Red Hat technical product marketing manager.
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|
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Through the program, Red Hat will learn more about what the manufacturers need from an enterprise Linux distribution for 64-bit ARM, Coggin said. The operating system may one day become the basis for an ARM version of RHEL.
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|
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"We're trying to understand the platform dependencies from a technology requirements perspective," Coggin said. "We don't know if or when this will ever become a product, but we are positioning ourselves in a way that at some point we could enter the market."
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|
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Red Hat's Fedora project has offered an ARM distribution for the past several years and this release, though based on the Fedora work, is configured more toward ARM server use.
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|
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Although ARM processors are used in most mobile devices, only recently [has there been a movement in the industry][4] to use them in data-center servers as well, where their low-power design could cut energy costs.
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|
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Only a handful of ARMv8-A processors and associated hardware are currently available, mostly as early previews for developers or packaged in proprietary systems.
|
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|
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AMD Opteron A1100-Series ARM processors, designed specifically for servers, were released Wednesday to developers. AMD also offers the ARM Cortex-A57 ARMv8 which was designed for system-on-a-chip architectures.
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AppliedMicro offers production-ready ARM servers, under the X-Gene brand and Hewlett-Packard is prepping its Moonshot line of ARM servers. Motherboard manufacturer American Megatrends offers a BIOS chip to boot ARM processors.
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|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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||||
|
||||
via: http://www.computerworld.com/s/article/9250061/Red_Hat_aims_to_standardize_Linux_for_64_bit_ARM_servers?taxonomyId=122
|
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|
||||
作者：Joab Jackson
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://connect.redhat.com/early-access-programs/red-hat-and-64-bit-arm-ecosystem
|
||||
[2]:https://engage.redhat.com/arm-s-201407291033
|
||||
[3]:http://infocenter.arm.com/help/index.jsp?topic=/com.arm.doc.den0029/index.html
|
||||
[4]:http://www.networkworld.com/article/2171235/servers/arm-servers-with-64-bit-calxeda-chips-to-ship-next-year.html
|
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@ -1,113 +0,0 @@
|
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(翻译中 by runningwater)
|
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Does Linux Lack a Killer App?
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================================================================================
|
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|
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|
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**What Linux needs most is games, said Hyperlogos blogger Martin Espinoza. However, "if you were trying to narrow it down to one app, it would probably still be Photoshop. For all the talk of how great GIMP has become, usability is still an abject nightmare, and in spite of the OSS community's self-back-patting regarding documentation, there is no documentation for GIMP which is not pathetic."**
|
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|
||||
Well the days are heating up here in the Linux blogosphere, and FOSS fans are flocking to the Broken Windows Lounge as much for the frosty air-conditioning as for the conversation.
|
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|
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Even Linux Girl, whose days generally involve far more pavement-pounding than she'd like, has found herself seeking solace in the blogobar's arctic climes far more often than she probably should.
|
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|
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It's a good thing she has been, though, or she might have missed the latest juicy debate. "What killer app is Linux missing?" was the question that [kicked things off][1], and the discussion has been escalating ever since.
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|
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"The Free Software world is incredibly rich, and covers pretty much all bases," **Linux Voice's** Mike Saunders began. "We have a wealth of desktop, server, development and multimedia tools to choose from -- some of which are the best in their field.
|
||||
|
||||
"But what is missing?" Sanders went on provocatively. "Is there a killer app that prevents you from running Linux 24x7 on your main machine?"
|
||||
|
||||
There was a momentary lull in the conversation around the bar as patrons pondered the suggestion. Linux Girl tried to enjoy the fleeting peace, but it didn't last for more than an instant.
|
||||
|
||||
### 'Depends on What You Do' ###
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
"A long time ago Linux needed a lot of things," Google+ blogger Alessandro Ebersol offered. "These days, when every software and the kitchen sink are migrating to the cloud, everything is going to be multiplatform.
|
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|
||||
"I would say we lacked games, but that also is being taken care of," Ebersol said. "So I don't feel that we desperately need a killer app anymore."
|
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|
||||
The killer app "depends on what you do with your computer," consultant and [Slashdot][2] blogger Gerhard Mack opined. "If you are drafting, then the killer app is Autocad. But for other industries the killer app will be something else."
|
||||
|
||||
### 'The Enterprise Space' ###
|
||||
|
||||
Google+ blogger Kevin O'Brien had a similar view.
|
||||
|
||||
"There isn't much left on the consumer level," O'Brien said. "I could maybe gripe about games or Nvidia drivers, and I don't really see anything that can replace Quicken. But for me the big difference maker is in the enterprise space.
|
||||
|
||||
"Microsoft owns that, and there is nothing that compares to Outlook/Exchange server, Sharepoint, etc.," he asserted. "I suspect part of the reason is that there are not a lot of open source developers who really care about that stuff."
|
||||
|
||||
### 'The Tide Is Changing' ###
|
||||
|
||||
It's not so much a "missing app" situation as a "not-enough-critical-mass" kind of problem, Google+ blogger Gonzalo Velasco C. suggested.
|
||||
|
||||
Many more people use Linux today than did five years ago, he noted; at the same time, many are tied to non-Linux-friendly applications.
|
||||
|
||||
"'Everybody' uses $kype, but we have half a dozen apps for that in GNU/Linux, from the simple and very useful Pidgin (my favorite) to Ekiga and similar VoIP apps," Gonzalo Velasco C. explained. "Some users still claim they need Photo$hop and don't take the time to master and suggest improvements for GIMP, Inkscape, Bender and others."
|
||||
|
||||
Games used to be missing, "but the tide is changing, mainly -- but not only -- because of Valve's brave SteamOS movement," he added.
|
||||
|
||||
### 'Retail Shelf Space' ###
|
||||
|
||||
"I don't think there are any 'killer' apps these days," blogger [Robert Pogson][3] agreed. "In Debian GNU/Linux, there are 40K packages. My main PC has only 3K installed and I lack nothing. I have multiple browsers, editors, compilers/interpreters, platforms, and with virtual machinery like KVM, I can play with multiple operating systems and different versions of software as needed.
|
||||
|
||||
"I can treat multiple machines as if they were a single machine from anywhere on the LAN," Pogson added. "I can access resources on any node on the LAN from any machine. What more do I need?"
|
||||
|
||||
That said, "several professionals have told me that video and image editors in GNU/Linux are a bit weak," he noted. "GIMP is being improved in bit-depth, so that should be covered. Lightworks will eventually be released as FLOSS, so video should be covered."
|
||||
|
||||
Nevertheless, "these are tiny niches in IT," he pointed out. "Many ordinary folks go decades without using those other special applications, so I don't think this is anything holding GNU/Linux back."
|
||||
|
||||
The real killer in the market, however, is lack of shelf space in retail stores, Pogson asserted. "Where that is covered, GNU/Linux thrives."
|
||||
|
||||
### 'Linux Has Lost Out to OS X' ###
|
||||
|
||||
Chris Travers, a [blogger][4] who works on the [LedgerSMB][5] project, had a different perspective.
|
||||
|
||||
"I don't think that it is a question of killer apps," he began. "The real issue is that on the desktop, Linux has generally lost out to OS X, while it is increasingly dominating the server market along with the BSDs. People who use Linux on the desktop tend to be looking for openness."
|
||||
|
||||
What Linux needs is either "the momentum of Microsoft or the smooth UI and attention to detail of OS X," Travers said. "These may come over time."
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||||
|
||||
### The Documentation Problem ###
|
||||
|
||||
Linux isn't missing one killer app -- "what it's missing is polish, as always," [Hyperlogos][6] blogger Martin Espinoza opined. "No desktop environment for Linux has the polish of Windows XP, let alone Windows 7.
|
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|
||||
"Move away from the bloat and oversimplicity of GNOME or from the widget salad of [KDE][7] to what, Xfce or LXDE, with their perfectly horrible file managers and primitive panels?" Espinoza added. "GNOME is the only DE that ever got close, and then they decided to remove all the complexity and eliminate their reason to exist."
|
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|
||||
Windows is just "a nicer place to hang out," he asserted.
|
||||
|
||||
Still, if Linux is missing anything for broader acceptance, "that is games," Espinoza said. "If you were trying to narrow it down to one app, it would probably still be Photoshop. For all the talk of how great GIMP has become, usability is still an abject nightmare, and in spite of the OSS community's self-back-patting regarding documentation, there is no documentation for GIMP which is not pathetic."
|
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|
||||
GIMP "might be able to do most of the things Photoshop can do, but I'll probably never know," Espinoza concluded. "I suppose if I spent hours trolling fora I could find out how to use GIMP. This failing is shared by most OSS projects, including the ones that think they're really well-documented."
|
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|
||||
### 'Ease of Use and Support' ###
|
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|
||||
Ease of use and support are the "killer app" SoylentNews blogger hairyfeet named.
|
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|
||||
"Oh, a freshly installed Linux distro LOOKS nice, it works great; the problem is it doesn't CONTINUE to look nice or work great," he explained. "First update and whoops! Wireless no longer can use WPA V2. Second update? Whoops, say goodbye to sound, as Pulse has puked. First 'upgrade'? Uh oh, hope you didn't need that!
|
||||
|
||||
"THIS is what Windows and OS X have that Linux doesn't: the ease of use and support," hairyfeet concluded. "As long as it takes 15+ Linux releases to equal the same support cycle a single Windows release gets? Then I'm sorry, but your product is just not in the same league -- you are comparing HS baseball to the majors."
|
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|
||||
### 'Windows 8' ###
|
||||
|
||||
Last but not least, [Linux Rants][8] blogger Mike Stone had a surprising suggestion.
|
||||
|
||||
"The killer app that Linux has been missing all these years is Windows 8," Stone quipped.
|
||||
|
||||
"Seriously, I don't think there is a particular app that can be the 'killer app,'" he said. "Linux needs to have more mainstream application support, and that's going to mean Photoshop and Microsoft Office at the minimum. Thankfully, Microsoft has done their best to make Office less relevant, and most people don't need Photoshop."
|
||||
|
||||
Linux "could be reaching critical mass, and I was only partially joking when I said Windows 8 earlier," he concluded. "The application base in Linux is starting to arrive, and the current version of Windows is remarkably unpopular. Fingers crossed we see some motion here soon."
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via:
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[runningwater](https://github.com/runningwater) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://www.linuxvoice.com/voice-of-the-masses-what-killer-app-is-linux-missing/
|
||||
[2]:http://slashdot.org/
|
||||
[3]:http://mrpogson.com/
|
||||
[4]:http://ledgersmbdev.blogspot.com/
|
||||
[5]:http://www.ledgersmb.org/
|
||||
[6]:http://hyperlogos.org/
|
||||
[7]:http://www.kde.org/
|
||||
[8]:http://linuxrants.com/
|
||||
@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
|
||||
[translated by blueabysm]
|
||||
|
||||
Linux System Administration Skills are Changing
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
When was the last time you compiled a kernel? For many of the latest generation of Linux admins, the answer is really simple: never. I am one of those, provided we don't count a few times I tried it just for fun, then couldn't see why I would need a custom kernel and went back to my out-of-the-box kernel.
|
||||
@ -47,4 +49,4 @@ via: http://www.linux.com/news/enterprise/systems-management/780956-linux-system
|
||||
[1]:http://olindata.com/
|
||||
[2]:http://puppetlabs.com/
|
||||
[3]:http://jenkins.org/
|
||||
[4]:http://www.olindata.com/training/upcoming?technology=295
|
||||
[4]:http://www.olindata.com/training/upcoming?technology=295
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,151 +0,0 @@
|
||||
[translating by KayGuoWhu]
|
||||
What are useful online tools for Linux
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
As you know, GNU Linux is much more than just an OS. There is literally a whole sphere on the Internet dedicated to the penguin OS. If you read this post, you are probably inclined towards reading about Linux online. Among all the pages that you can find on the subject, there are a couple of websites that every Linux adventurer should have in his bookmarks. These websites are more than just tutorials or reviews. They are real tools that you can access from anywhere and share with everyone. So today I shall propose you a non-exhaustive list of sixteen websites that should be in your bookmarks. Some of them can also be useful for Windows or Mac users: that's the extent of their reach.
|
||||
|
||||
### 1. [ExplainShell.com][1] ###
|
||||
|
||||
[][2]
|
||||
|
||||
If you are interested in Linux command line, you should use this website. If you are not interested in Linux command line, you should use it even more as it will explain in detail how a command works. This could prevent you from launching a command detrimental to your computer, and is a good way to learn with a great interface.
|
||||
|
||||
### 2. [BashrcGenerator.com][3] ###
|
||||
|
||||
[][4]
|
||||
|
||||
If you want to begin with Linux command line, or if you want to quickly get a customized shell prompt but not sure how, this website will generate for you PS1 prompt code to place your .bashrc file in your home directory. You can drag and drop the elements that you would like to see in your prompt, like your username and the current time, and the website will write the code for you. It's easy and very readable. Definitely a must for the lazy.
|
||||
|
||||
### 3. [Vim-adventures.com][5] ###
|
||||
|
||||
[][6]
|
||||
|
||||
I only recently discovered this website, but it already sucked in many hours of my life. In short: a RPG game with Vim commands. Move your character in the isometric levels with the 'h,j,k,l' keys, gain new commands/abilities, collect keys, and learn how to use Vim proficiently very quickly.
|
||||
|
||||
### 4. [Try Github][7] ###
|
||||
|
||||
[][8]
|
||||
|
||||
The pitch is simple: learn Git in 15 minutes. This website simulates a console, and walks you though the steps of collaborative editing. The interface is very stylish and the intention is worthy. The only downside is for the Git allergic. But it is definitely a good skill to have, and a good place to learn it.
|
||||
|
||||
### 5. [Shortcutfoo.com][9] ###
|
||||
|
||||
[][10]
|
||||
|
||||
Another shortcut database, shortcutfoo is a bit more standard in its way to present its content to the user, but definitely more straight-forward than funny mini-games. The shortcuts of several programs are available and grouped by categories. As it might not be super complete for software like Vim, which is completely reliant on shortcuts, it is perfect for giving a quick tip or a general overview.
|
||||
|
||||
### 6. [GitHub Free Programming Books][11] ###
|
||||
|
||||
[][12]
|
||||
|
||||
As you might guess from the URL, this is a collection of free online books about programming, written collaboratively using Git. The content is awesome and the authors deserve to be praised for such work. It might not be the easiest read at first, but it is one of the most instructive for sure. We can only hope that the movement will keep growing.
|
||||
|
||||
### 7. [Collabedit.com][13] ###
|
||||
|
||||
[][14]
|
||||
|
||||
If you ever plan on giving a phone interview, you should check out collabedit beforehand. It allows you to create a document, select the programming language that you want to write in, and then share that document via the URL. The people opening the link will be able to freely interact in real time with the text, allowing you to judge their programming skills or just exchange snippets. It even comes with the proper syntax highlighting and a chat widget. In other words, it is the instant-Google Document of programmers.
|
||||
|
||||
### 8. [Cpp.sh][15] ###
|
||||
|
||||
[][16]
|
||||
|
||||
This is one of those websites that extend beyond just Linux, but it is so useful that it deserves its place here. In short, an online development environment for C++. Just write your code in your navigator and run it. As a bonus, you get an auto-indentation feature, Ctrl+Z, and the possibility to share the URL with your buddy. This is just one of those crazy things that you can do from a simple browser.
|
||||
|
||||
### 9. [Copy.sh][17] ###
|
||||
|
||||
[][18]
|
||||
|
||||
In continuation with crazy things that you can do from your browser, copy.sh lets you run a virtual machine online. Just that. It gained fame relatively recently, but the idea is just insane. From the navigator you can select among the defaults virtual images to run, or upload your own iso file. The code for that feat has been shared on [GitHub][19]. Just amazing.
|
||||
|
||||
### 10. [Commandlinefu.com][20] ###
|
||||
|
||||
[][21]
|
||||
|
||||
We all keep a big snippet of command-line "gems" on our computer. commandlinefu's goal is to release those snippets to the world. As a collaborative database, it resembles the Wikipedia of the command line. Everyone is free to register and post their favorite command on the website for everyone else to see. You will then be able to access that knowledge from everywhere and share it with everyone. If you are interested in mastering the shell, commandlinefu also proposes great features like random commands and a news feed to learn something new every day.
|
||||
|
||||
### 11. [Alias.sh][22] ###
|
||||
|
||||
[][23]
|
||||
|
||||
Another collaborative database, alias.sh (I love the URL) is a bit like commandlinefu but for shell aliases. You can share and discover useful aliases which will make your CLI experience so much better. I personally like the alias to get the dimensions of a picture.
|
||||
|
||||
function dim(){ sips $1 -g pixelWidth -g pixelHeight }
|
||||
|
||||
All the seconds you save with alias.sh probably accumulate with time, and turn to years by the end of your life.
|
||||
|
||||
### 12. [Distrowatch.com][24] ###
|
||||
|
||||
[][25]
|
||||
|
||||
Who does not know Distrowatch? Besides giving a precise ranking of Linux distributions based on their website popularity, Distrowatch is also a very useful database. Whether you are looking for a new distribution to try, or just curious, it presents an exhaustive account of every Linux you can find, with information like which default desktop environment it uses, or package system, or its default applications. And all the versions, and with easily accessible download links. In a word, the Linux database.
|
||||
|
||||
### 13. [Linuxmanpages.com][26] ###
|
||||
|
||||
[][27]
|
||||
|
||||
Everything is in the URL: access the manual pages for popular commands from anywhere. Not really sure if this would actually be useful for Linux users as you can access that from your actual terminal, but the intent is remarkable.
|
||||
|
||||
### 14. [AwesomeCow.com][28] ###
|
||||
|
||||
[][29]
|
||||
|
||||
This is maybe a bit less hardcore Linux, but definitely useful to some. Awesomecow is a search engine for finding alternatives to Windows software on Linux. It can be helpful for anyone migrating to the penguin, or nostalgic of a Windows program. I see this as a strength, showing that Linux can compete with the professional spheres when it comes sot software quality. Or at least try to.
|
||||
|
||||
### 15. [PenguSpy.com][30] ###
|
||||
|
||||
[][31]
|
||||
|
||||
Before Steam started to show up on Linux, gaming was probably one of the penguin's weakness. But the website penguspy made the effort of fighting that weakness by collecting all Linux compatible games in a database with a sexy interface. Games can be sorted by categories, release dates, ratings, etc. I really hope that websites like this are not going to disappear because of Steam as it remains one of my favorites of this list.
|
||||
|
||||
### 16. [Linux Cross Reference by Free Electrons][32] ###
|
||||
|
||||
[][33]
|
||||
|
||||
Finally, for all the experts and the curious, lxr is the anagram from Linux Cross Reference, and allows us to interactively view the Linux Kernel code online. The navigation is made easy via identifiers, and you can compare the different versions of the files with a standard diff markup. The interface is sober and straight-forward, and this is just a website that perfectly illustrates the concept of open source.
|
||||
|
||||
To conclude, there are a lot more websites which deserve to be listed, and this might be a topic for a part two to this post. But this is a good start. It serves as an appetizer to what can be found online as tools for Linux users. If you have any other pages that you would like to share, following this thematic, do so in the comments. And maybe contribute to a sequel to this list.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://xmodulo.com/2014/07/useful-online-tools-linux.html
|
||||
|
||||
原文作者：[Adrien Brochard][a](I am a Linux aficionado from France. After trying multiple distributions, I finally settled for Archlinux. But I am always trying to improve my system by stacking up tips and tricks.)
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://xmodulo.com/author/adrien
|
||||
[1]:http://explainshell.com/
|
||||
[2]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14517716647/
|
||||
[3]:http://bashrcgenerator.com/
|
||||
[4]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14703872782/
|
||||
[5]:http://vim-adventures.com/
|
||||
[6]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14681149696/
|
||||
[7]:https://try.github.io/
|
||||
[8]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14517499739/
|
||||
[9]:https://www.shortcutfoo.com/
|
||||
[10]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14517499799/
|
||||
[11]:https://github.com/vhf/free-programming-books/blob/master/free-programming-books.md
|
||||
[12]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14517499989/
|
||||
[13]:http://collabedit.com/
|
||||
[14]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14681150086/
|
||||
[15]:http://cpp.sh/
|
||||
[16]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14700981001/
|
||||
[17]:http://copy.sh/v24/
|
||||
[18]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14517479870/
|
||||
[19]:https://github.com/copy/v86
|
||||
[20]:http://www.commandlinefu.com/
|
||||
[21]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14517495938/
|
||||
[22]:http://alias.sh/
|
||||
[23]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14701762124/
|
||||
[24]:http://distrowatch.com/
|
||||
[25]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14681149996/
|
||||
[26]:http://www.linuxmanpages.com/
|
||||
[27]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14704165765/
|
||||
[28]:http://awesomecow.com/
|
||||
[29]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14704165965/
|
||||
[30]:http://www.penguspy.com/
|
||||
[31]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14517495728/
|
||||
[32]:http://lxr.free-electrons.com/
|
||||
[33]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14712049464/
|
||||
@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
|
||||
Love-xuan 翻译中
|
||||
Don't Fear The Command Line
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,63 @@
|
||||
LibreOffice 4.3 Goes Live, Includes Fix for 11 Year Old Bug
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
> If you long to write 'monster paragraphs' in the open-source office suite, this is the release for you
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**A new month, and a new release of LibreOffice, the open-source office suite installed by default in Ubuntu. **
|
||||
|
||||
LibreOffice 4.3 is the eighth major release of the software since its split from OpenOffice back in 2010 and the third minor release in the 4.x release series.
|
||||
|
||||
### What’s New? ###
|
||||
|
||||
Every major release of the office suite sees a huge set of changes, fixes and updates included. If you have a spare couple of hours you can pour over the entire changelog for this latest update on the Document Foundation [wiki at wiki.documentfoundation.org/ReleaseNotes/4.3][1].
|
||||
|
||||
To save you some time we’ve put together a brief summary of the more user-facing and headline features new to this update.
|
||||
|
||||
### Document interoperability ###
|
||||
|
||||
As one of many office suites LibreOffice comes with improvements in handling, opening and saving to and from other office file formats.
|
||||
|
||||
In 4.3, this results in a raft of OOXML improvements, including DrawingML features, theme fonts, and file embeds. Theme colours on fonts, paragraphs and table cells are now preserved, as is styling, fill and other effects on images and shapes.
|
||||
|
||||
Microsoft Office **users will find support for 30 additional Excel formulas**. Mac users chancing upon old ClarisWorks, MacWorks and SuperPaint files will be pleased to know these can now be opened in LibreOffice.
|
||||
|
||||
Nested comments in documents benefit from a formatting tidy-up and may now be both imported and exported as .doc, .rtf and .docx files (among others).
|
||||
|
||||
### Other Notable Changes ###
|
||||
|
||||
- Support for animated 3D models in Impress
|
||||
- Support for Collada and .kmz files
|
||||
- Initial HiDPI support on Windows & Linux
|
||||
- Start center now previews all files, not just .odf
|
||||
- Progress bar for .docx imports
|
||||
- PDF Import tweaks, including rotated text support
|
||||
|
||||
Finally, an 11 year old bug that prevents ‘monster’ paragraphs of more than 65,000 characters being entered has finally been solved. TDF say this is down to “the modernization of the OOo source code, which is an exclusive function of *LibreOffice*.”
|
||||
|
||||
### Download LibreOffice 4.3 ###
|
||||
|
||||
LibreOffice 4.3 is available to download from the official project website at [libreoffice.org/download][2], or direct through the following links:
|
||||
|
||||
- [Linux x64 (.deb)][3] // [Torrent][4]
|
||||
- [Linux x86 (.deb)][5] // [Torrent][6]
|
||||
|
||||
If you don’t fancy upgrading you can expect to find the release included in Ubuntu 14.10, due for release later this year.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/07/libreoffice-4-3-released-includes-fix-11-year-old-bug
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Joey-Elijah Sneddon][a]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:https://plus.google.com/117485690627814051450/?rel=author
|
||||
[1]:https://wiki.documentfoundation.org/ReleaseNotes/4.3
|
||||
[2]:http://www.libreoffice.org/download/
|
||||
[3]:http://www.libreoffice.org/download/libreoffice-fresh/?type=deb-x86_64&version=4.3.0&lang=en-US
|
||||
[4]:http://download.documentfoundation.org/libreoffice/stable/4.3.0/deb/x86_64/LibreOffice_4.3.0_Linux_x86-64_deb.tar.gz.torrent
|
||||
[5]:http://www.libreoffice.org/download/libreoffice-fresh/?type=deb-x86&version=4.3.0&lang=en-US
|
||||
[6]:http://download.documentfoundation.org/libreoffice/stable/4.3.0/deb/x86/LibreOffice_4.3.0_Linux_x86_deb.tar.gz.torrent
|
||||
486
sources/talk/20140731 Top 10 Free Linux Games.md
Normal file
486
sources/talk/20140731 Top 10 Free Linux Games.md
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,486 @@
|
||||
Top 10 Free Linux Games
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
If the term “Can I game on it?” has been bothering you while thinking to switch on Linux from Windows platform, then here is an answer for that – “Go for it!”. Thanks to the Open source community who has been consistently developing different genre games for Linux OS and the online content distribution platform – Steam, there is no dearth of good commercial games which are as fun to play on Linux as on its other counterparts (like Windows).
|
||||
|
||||
We present to you the list of 10 best free games for Linux for this year which have been selected based on their popularity, their free-to-play title, and easy installation.
|
||||
|
||||
**NOTE** – Interested in First Person Shooter games, read our article on [10 popular first person shooter Linux games][1].
|
||||
|
||||
### 1. Team Fortress 2 ###
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Team Fortress 2 is a team-based first-person shooter multiplayer video game developed by Valve Corporation, and is a sequel to the original 1996 Quake modification, Team Fortress. The game was first released on October 10, 2007 for Windows and the Xbox 360, and was later released as a standalone package for Linux on February 14, 2013. The game was announced in 1998, and was initially powered by Valve’s GoldSrc engine but the launch was much delayed due to updates in its design during its 9 years long development cycle. The game became a free-to-play title on June 23, 2011.
|
||||
|
||||
It has received critical acclaim and many awards, mainly due to its artistic direction, balanced gameplay, humour, and graphical style. Unlike other games with ultra-realistic graphics such as Call of Duty, Half-Life franchises, this game’s set up looks like cartoons brought to life.
|
||||
|
||||
**Gameplay**: Like the original game, Team Fortress 2 is set around 2 opposing teams; RED (Reliable Excavation & Demolition) and BLU (Builders League United), both competing for a combat-based primary objective.
|
||||
Players can opt out of 9 character classes namely, Scout, Soldier, Pyro, Demoman, Heavy, Engineer, Medic, Sniper, and Spy, each one with its own unique weapons, strengths and weaknesses.
|
||||
|
||||
#### System Requirements: ####
|
||||
|
||||
<table>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td> </td>
|
||||
<td><b>Recommended Requirements</b></td>
|
||||
<td><b>Minimum requirements</b></td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td><b>CPU</b></td>
|
||||
<td>Pentium 4 or Athlon XP or better</td>
|
||||
<td>Pentium 4 or Athlon XP or better</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td><b>CPU Speed</b></td>
|
||||
<td>3.0 GHz processor</td>
|
||||
<td>1.7 GHz</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td><b>RAM</b></td>
|
||||
<td>1 GB</td>
|
||||
<td>512 MB</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td><b>Video Card</b></td>
|
||||
<td>DirectX 9 compatible video card (NVIDIA GeForce 7900+ / ATI Radeon X1900+)</td>
|
||||
<td>DirectX 8.1 compatible video Card (NVIDIA GeForce4+ / ATI Radeon 8500+)</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td><b>Sound Card</b></td>
|
||||
<td>Yes</td>
|
||||
<td>Yes</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td><b>Free disk space</b></td>
|
||||
<td>5 GB</td>
|
||||
<td>5 GB</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
|
||||
### 2. Dota 2 ###
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Dota 2, a sequel to the Defence of the Ancients, is a multiplayer online battle arena video game developed by Valve Corporation. Dota 2 was released as a free-to-play title for Windows on July 9, 2013 and for Linux on July 18, 2013, and is available exclusively through Valve’s online content-distribution platform Steam. The game was applauded by video game critics, who praised it for its pleasing gameplay, improved production quality. Though it was also criticized for its steep learning curve.
|
||||
|
||||
**Gameplay**: A standard match of Dota 2 is independent and involves 2 opposing groups, the Radiant and the Dire, each team having 5 players. Both the teams occupy a stronghold at a corner of the map and located at each stronghold is a building named “Ancient”. In order to win, a team must destroy the opponent’s Ancient. There are 9 game modes and 107 “Heroes” in Dota 2 to choose from. Each player controls a “Hero” character and aims on levelling up, acquiring items, collecting gold, and fighting against enemy team to gain victory.
|
||||
|
||||
#### System Requirements: ####
|
||||
|
||||
<table>
|
||||
<tbody>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td> </td>
|
||||
<td><b>Recommended Requirements</b></td>
|
||||
<td><b>Minimum requirements</b></td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td><strong>CPU</strong></td>
|
||||
<td>Intel core 2 duo 2.4GHz</td>
|
||||
<td>Pentium 4 3.0GHz</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td><strong>CPU Speed</strong></td>
|
||||
<td>2.4 GHz processor</td>
|
||||
<td>3.0 GHz</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td><strong>RAM</strong></td>
|
||||
<td>1 GB</td>
|
||||
<td>1 GB</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td><strong>Video Card</strong></td>
|
||||
<td>DirectX 9 compatible video card with Shader model 3.0. NVidia 7600, ATI X1600 or better</td>
|
||||
<td>DirectX 9 compatible video card with 128 MB, Shader model 2.0. ATI X800, NVidia 6600 or better</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td><strong>Sound Card</strong></td>
|
||||
<td>Yes</td>
|
||||
<td>Yes</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td><strong>Free disk space</strong></td>
|
||||
<td>2.5 GB</td>
|
||||
<td>2.5 GB</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
</tbody>
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
|
||||
### 3. Urban Terror ###
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Urban Terror, abbreviated as UrT, is a free-to-play multi-player FPS video game developed by FrozenSand. It was released as a free standalone game in 2007 utilizing ioquake3 (a game engine project to act as a clean base package for more advanced graphical and audio features) as an engine.
|
||||
|
||||
The official game motto’s ‘Fun over realism’ is true to its word as it is a well packaged product with simple installation, adequate graphics, low requirements, and a balanced gameplay, which makes it a unique, enjoyable and addictive game. Urban Terror was nominated to the 2007 Mod DB’s Mod of the Year Award.
|
||||
|
||||
**Gameplay**: The game billed as “Hollywood tactical shooter”, blends elements from games such as Quake III Arena, Unreal Tournament, and Counter-Strike. The realism in the mod is introduced through a number of changes like the weapons available are real-life, have recoil, are less accurate if fired while movement, and require reloading when a magazine has been utilized. Damage is also realistic such as wounds require bandaging, leg or feet wounds slow down the player.
|
||||
|
||||
#### System Requirements: ####
|
||||
|
||||
<table>
|
||||
<tbody>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td> </td>
|
||||
<td><strong>Recommended Requirements</strong></td>
|
||||
<td><strong>Minimum requirements</strong></td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td><strong>CPU</strong></td>
|
||||
<td>Pentium 4 1.2 GHz or higher</td>
|
||||
<td>Pentium 4 1.2 GHz</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td><strong>CPU Speed</strong></td>
|
||||
<td>1.2 GHz</td>
|
||||
<td>1.2 GHz</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td><strong>RAM</strong></td>
|
||||
<td>512 MB</td>
|
||||
<td>256 MB</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td><strong>Video Card</strong></td>
|
||||
<td> NVidia or ATI card with 256MB or more</td>
|
||||
<td> NVidia or ATI card with 128MB RAM</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td><strong>HDD</strong></td>
|
||||
<td>50 GB or more</td>
|
||||
<td>50 GB</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
</tbody>
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
|
||||
### 4. Alien Arena 2008 ###
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Alien Arena is a standalone 3D first-person online deathmatch shooter video game based on source code of Quake II and Quake III, released by id software. The game developed by COR entertainment was released in October 2004, and has been free-to-play title since its commencement, with currently no plans to change it to pay-to-play format.
|
||||
|
||||
Features comprising new particle engine and effects, 32 bit graphics, reflective water, light blooms, high resolution textures and skins, stain maps, and more, make up for it to be an addictive game. This game has come a long way from its original version “CodeRED: Alien Arena”, with all new player characters, nearly 2 dozen new maps, new weapon models, and many substantial engine enhancements and optimizations.
|
||||
|
||||
**Gameplay**: Alien Arena features 37 levels, has fast and smooth gameplay with a high-tech atmosphere. The players can play online against one another or against the built in CodeRED bots, which feature multiple skill levels like rocket jumping and strafe jumping. The game also offers CTF (Capture The Flag), AOA (All Out Assault) modes, in which players can climb into vehicles to do battle, Deathball, and Team Core Assault.
|
||||
|
||||
#### System Requirements: ####
|
||||
|
||||
<table>
|
||||
<tbody>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td> </td>
|
||||
<td><strong>Recommended Requirements</strong></td>
|
||||
<td><strong>Minimum requirements</strong></td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td><strong>CPU</strong></td>
|
||||
<td>Intel Pentium 4 1.7 GHz or AMD Athlon XP 1800</td>
|
||||
<td>Pentium 3 @ 800MHz</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td><strong>CPU Speed</strong></td>
|
||||
<td>1.7 GHz</td>
|
||||
<td>800MHz (or 1 GHz)</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td><strong>RAM</strong></td>
|
||||
<td>512 MB</td>
|
||||
<td>256 MB</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td><strong>Video Card</strong></td>
|
||||
<td>BFG GeForce 7800 GS OC</td>
|
||||
<td>NVIDIA GeForce 4400+ or ATI Radeon 8500+ (32 MB)</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td><strong>Video Memory</strong></td>
|
||||
<td>64 MB</td>
|
||||
<td>32 MB</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td><strong>Sound Card</strong></td>
|
||||
<td>DirectX compatible</td>
|
||||
<td>DirectX compatible</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td><strong>DirectX</strong></td>
|
||||
<td>9.0c</td>
|
||||
<td>9.0c</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td><strong>HDD</strong></td>
|
||||
<td>500 MB</td>
|
||||
<td>500 MB</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
</tbody>
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
|
||||
### 5. Nexuiz ###
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Nexuiz is an Arena first-person shooter 3D deathmatch video game developed and published by Alientrap on May 31, 2005, and is build on a modified Quake 1 Engine named DarkPlaces, whose features include Quake3bsp support, coronas, new particle effects, real time World and Dynamic lighting and shadowing, advanced menu system, and Md3 model support. It is intended to be played on the Internet or over a local network.
|
||||
|
||||
**Gameplay**: The gameplay is deathmatch with the most exorbitant possible speeds and weapons, providing extremely fast paced action. Other than deathmatch, there are several game modes like team deathmatch, domination, capture the flag, multiple mutators, and weapon options like rocket arena and instagib. Although, Nexuiz is mainly multiplayer but it includes a full single-player campaign, which lets one to play through various multiplayer game types and maps with bots.
|
||||
|
||||
#### System Requirements: ####
|
||||
|
||||
<table>
|
||||
<tbody>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td></td>
|
||||
<td><strong>Recommended Requirements</strong></td>
|
||||
<td><strong>Minimum requirements</strong></td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td><strong>CPU</strong></td>
|
||||
<td>Intel Core 2 Duo at 2Ghz, or AMD Athlon 64 x2 2ghz, or better</td>
|
||||
<td>1 Ghz Pentium III or AMD Athlon</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td><strong>RAM</strong></td>
|
||||
<td>2 GB</td>
|
||||
<td>512 MB</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td><strong>Video Card</strong></td>
|
||||
<td>NVidia 8800GT with 512Mb RAM, ATI 3850HD with 512Mb RAM, or better</td>
|
||||
<td>GeForce 2 or equivalent</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td><strong>HDD</strong></td>
|
||||
<td>3 GB</td>
|
||||
<td>400 MB</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
</tbody>
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
|
||||
### 6. Tremulous ###
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Tremulous is a free and open source game that incorporates a team-based FPS game with real-time strategy elements. The game developed by Dark Legion Development, released on August 11, 2005 and is based on the ioquake2 game engine. Although it originated as a mod for Quake 3, but ultimately went standalone.
|
||||
|
||||
Tremulous won the Mod Database “Mod of the Year” 2006 competition under the category of “Player’s Choice Standalone Game of the year”, and also came in first in a “Best free game based on GPL Quake source?” poll on the Planet Quake website.
|
||||
|
||||
**Gameplay**: The game is presumably set in the future, where humans fight against spider-like aliens. Players can choose from 2 unique races, aliens and humans, and each of the team players can build working structures during the game like a Real Time Strategy game. The most significant structure is ‘spawn’, which provides each team with supplements to replace players who have been killed.
|
||||
|
||||
#### System Requirements: ####
|
||||
|
||||
<table>
|
||||
<tbody>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td> </td>
|
||||
<td><strong>Recommended Requirements</strong></td>
|
||||
<td><strong>Minimum requirements</strong></td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td><strong>CPU</strong></td>
|
||||
<td>Pentium 4 3.46GHz or Athlon 64 3800+</td>
|
||||
<td>Pentium 4 1.8GHz or Athlon XP 1700+</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td><strong>RAM</strong></td>
|
||||
<td>2 GB</td>
|
||||
<td>256 MB</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td><strong>Video Card</strong></td>
|
||||
<td>Nvidia GeForce GT 120 , AMD Radeon HD 4550</td>
|
||||
<td>Nvidia GeForce 210 , AMD Radeon X600 Series</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td><strong>DirectX version</strong></td>
|
||||
<td>DX 9.0c</td>
|
||||
<td>DX 9.0c</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td><strong>HDD space</strong></td>
|
||||
<td>4 GB</td>
|
||||
<td>125 MB</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
</tbody>
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
|
||||
### 7. Warsow ###
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Warsow is a First Person Shooter (FPS) video game designed for online play, inspired by the fast paced shooters of the late 1990’s and early millennium. Warsow’s codebase is free and open source software, distributed under the terms of General Public License, and is built upon Qfusion, an advanced modification of the Quake II engine. Warsow stands out as a unique experience as its development team has strived to create a fun, fast, and action-packed game focused on speed, trickjumps, art of movement. This title uses cell-shaded graphics in a cartoon-ish style to fuse themes including cyberpunk, industrial, and sci-fi.
|
||||
|
||||
**Gameplay**: This fast-paced 3D ego-shooter focuses heavily on movement and trickjumps, where many of the tricks originate from the Quake series, including circle-jumping, bunny hopping, strafe-jumping, double jumping, ramp-sliding, and rocket jumping. Apart from these tricks, Warsow also allows the players to dash, dodge or wall jump, which were originally possible in the Urban Terror.
|
||||
|
||||
### System Requirements: ###
|
||||
|
||||
<table>
|
||||
<tbody>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td></td>
|
||||
<td><strong>Minimum Requirements</strong></td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td><strong>CPU</strong></td>
|
||||
<td>Pentium II 300 Mhz or greater</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td><strong>RAM</strong></td>
|
||||
<td>64 MB</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td><strong>Video Card</strong></td>
|
||||
<td>16 MB (Riva TNT or better)</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td><strong>HDD</strong></td>
|
||||
<td>400 MB</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
</tbody>
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
|
||||
**Note** – The recommended requirements for this game weren’t directly available. This is what we got from some discussion forums:
|
||||
|
||||
- CPU – Intel Pentium 4 (3.00 GHz)
|
||||
- RAM - 512 MB
|
||||
- Video Card - 256 MB (nVidia GeForce 5500 FX)
|
||||
- HDD - 2 GB
|
||||
|
||||
### 8. Open Arena (OA) ###
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Open Arena is an open-source multiplayer FPS game based on the ioquake3 fork of the id tech 3 engine. It is developed by the OpenArena Team and released under the GNU General Public License V2.0 (GPLv2). The game’s official site includes downloads for GNU/Linux, Microsoft Windows and Mac OS X Operating systems and is also available from the default repositories of Linux distributions, like Debian, Gentoo, Fedora, Arch, Mandriva, and Ubuntu. OpenArena can be played freely, offline or online, and users are also able to run their own LAN or internet server.
|
||||
|
||||
**Gameplay**: OpenArena’s gameplay is precisely same as Quake III Arena: Win the game by scoring frags with the help of a balanced set of weapons designed for different situations. Every match happens in an “arena”, a map where players try to kill each other; arenas are designed for gametypes such as deathmatch, Tournament, Team Deathmatch, and Capture the Flag. Due to violent and mature content, it’s unsuitable for children under the age of 17.
|
||||
|
||||
#### System Requirements: ####
|
||||
|
||||
<table>
|
||||
<tbody>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td></td>
|
||||
<td><strong>Recommended Requirements</strong></td>
|
||||
<td><strong>Minimum Requirements</strong></td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td><strong>CPU</strong></td>
|
||||
<td>Pentium III 700MHz / AMD Athlon XP 2800+</td>
|
||||
<td>Pentium II 233MHz / AMD K6-2 300MHz or equally powerful processor</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td><strong>RAM</strong></td>
|
||||
<td>256 MB</td>
|
||||
<td>64 MB</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td><strong>Video Card</strong></td>
|
||||
<td>Geforce 4 Ti 4400</td>
|
||||
<td>16 MB (with OpenGL acceleration)</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td><strong>Free Disk Space</strong></td>
|
||||
<td>270 MB</td>
|
||||
<td>50 MB</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
</tbody>
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
|
||||
### 9. Freecol ###
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
FreeCol is a free and open source turn-based strategy video game, which is imitation of the old game Colonization, and is similar to Civilization. The game was initially released on January 2, 2003, but its stable release came out 17 months ago, on January 7, 2013. It remains same in terms of mechanics and gameplay as the original game, but with newly added set of redesigned graphics.
|
||||
|
||||
**Gameplay**: The objective of the game is to colonize the New World. The game starts in 1492 with a vessel and some colonists, and the player builds up colonies in the New World, struggling for power with other colonies from rival Europeans. The expansion of colonies continues with help from the European king until no help is required from Europe, meaning that colonies can stand alone without any exterior help, and declares independence from the King. If the colonies are able to resist attacks of the King’s forces, then victory is obtained.
|
||||
|
||||
#### System Requirements: ####
|
||||
|
||||
<table>
|
||||
<tbody>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td></td>
|
||||
<td><strong>Recommended Requirements</strong></td>
|
||||
<td><strong>Minimum Requirements</strong></td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td><strong>CPU</strong></td>
|
||||
<td>Intel(R) Core(TM)2 Duo CPU P8700 2.53 GHz</td>
|
||||
<td>Pentium 3 1GHz</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td><strong>RAM</strong></td>
|
||||
<td>512 MB</td>
|
||||
<td>256 MB</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td><strong>Java Version</strong></td>
|
||||
<td>Java Runtime Environment 7</td>
|
||||
<td>Java Runtime Environment 5 (or JRE 6)</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td><strong>Resolution</strong></td>
|
||||
<td>1024 X 768</td>
|
||||
<td>1024 X 768</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
</tbody>
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
|
||||
### 10. Extreme Tux Racer ###
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Extreme Tux Racer, originally named Tux Racer, is a free software 3D computer game which lets a player take on the role of the Linux mascot, Tux the penguin. The game was released on October 2, 2000 by Jasmin Patry, a student studying at the University of Waterloo in Ontario, Canada. An original Linux game, it is a very fun and simple racing game, without any complexity or violence, which makes it suitable for all age groups.
|
||||
|
||||
**Gameplay**: In the game, Tux slides down various courses of steep, snow- and ice- covered mountains, to achieve the best time and the best score. The score can be increased by collecting herring while racing and sliding down the course. Sliding on snow allows more manoeuvrability, sliding on ice makes Tux go faster and sliding on rocky patches slows down Tux.
|
||||
|
||||
### System Requirements: ###
|
||||
|
||||
<table>
|
||||
<tbody>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td></td>
|
||||
<td><strong>Recommended Requirements</strong></td>
|
||||
<td><strong>Minimum Requirements</strong></td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td><strong>CPU</strong></td>
|
||||
<td>400 MHz CPU or better</td>
|
||||
<td>Pentium 200MMX</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td><strong>RAM</strong></td>
|
||||
<td>128 MB</td>
|
||||
<td>64 MB</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td><strong>Video Card</strong></td>
|
||||
<td>TNT2/Voodoo3-class 3D graphics card or better</td>
|
||||
<td>3D graphics card with full OpenGL support</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td><strong>Sound Card</strong></td>
|
||||
<td>16-bit</td>
|
||||
<td>16-bit</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
<tr>
|
||||
<td><strong>HDD</strong></td>
|
||||
<td>20 MB</td>
|
||||
<td>20 MB</td>
|
||||
</tr>
|
||||
</tbody>
|
||||
</table>
|
||||
|
||||
Have something to say? Leave a comment below.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://mylinuxbook.com/top-10-free-linux-games/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Himanshu Arora][a]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://mylinuxbook.com/author/himanshuc/
|
||||
[1]:http://mylinuxbook.com/10-popular-fps-linux-games/
|
||||
@ -1,66 +0,0 @@
|
||||
alim0x translating
|
||||
|
||||
The history of Android
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
From left to right: Android 0.9’s home screen, add drawer, and shortcut deletion interfaces.
|
||||
Photo by Ron Amadeo
|
||||
|
||||
### Android 0.9, Beta—hey, this looks familiar! ###
|
||||
|
||||
Six months after Milestone 5, in August 2008, [Android 0.9 was released][1]. While the Android 0.5 milestone builds were "early looks," by now 1.0 was only two months away. Thus, Android 0.9 was labeled "beta." On the other side of the aisle, Apple already released its second version of the iPhone—the iPhone 3G—a month prior. The second-gen iPhone brought a second-gen iPhone OS. Apple also launched the App Store and was already taking app submissions. Google had a lot of catching up to do.
|
||||
|
||||
Google threw out a lot of the UI introduced in Milestone 5. All the artwork was redone again in full-color, and the white square icon backgrounds were tossed. While still an emulator build, 0.9 offered something that looked familiar when compared to a released version of Android. Android 0.9 had a working desktop-style home screen, a proper app drawer, multiple home screens, a lot more apps, and fully functional (first-party only) widgets.
|
||||
|
||||
Milestone 5 seemingly had no plan for someone installing more than 21 apps, but Android 0.9 had a vertically scrolling app drawer accessible via a gray tab at the bottom of the screen. Back then, the app drawer was actually a drawer. Besides acting as a button, the gray tab could be pulled up the screen and would follow your finger, just like how the notification panel can be pulled down. There were additional apps like Alarm Clock, Calculator, Music, Pictures, Messaging, and Camera.
|
||||
|
||||
This was the first build with a fully customizable home screen. Long pressing on an app or widget allowed you to drag it around. You could drag an app out of the app drawer and make a home screen shortcut or long press on an existing home screen shortcut to move it.
|
||||
|
||||
0.9 is a reminder that Google was not the design powerhouse it is today. In fact, some of the design work for Android was farmed out to other companies at the time. You can see one sign of this in the clock widget, which contains the text “MALMO," the home town of design firm [The Astonishing Tribe][2].
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
The “Add to Home" dialog in Android 0.9.
|
||||
Photo by Ron Amadeo
|
||||
|
||||
There were only three widgets: Clock, Picture frame, and Search. The Search widget didn't even have a proper icon in the list—it used the Picture icon. Perhaps the most interesting item here was a "Purchased pictures" option in the wallpaper choices—a leftover from the days when purchasing ringtones on a dumbphone was a common occurrence. Google was either planning on selling wallpapers, or it was already adding a carrier at some point. The company never went through with the plan.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
A collection of widgets, an open folder, renaming a folder, and the copy/paste menu.
|
||||
Photo by Ron Amadeo
|
||||
|
||||
The left screen, above, shows the widgets for Google Search and pictures. Search didn't do anything other than give you a box to type in—there was no auto complete or additional UI. Typing in the box and hitting "Go" would launch the browser. The bottom row of icons revealed a few options for "shortcuts" from the long press menu, which created icons that opened an app to a certain screen. Individual contacts, browser bookmarks, and music playlists were all shortcuts that could all be added to the home screen in 0.9.
|
||||
|
||||
"Folders" was an option under the shortcuts heading despite not being a shortcut to anything. Once a blank folder was created, icons could be dragged into it and rearranged. Unlike today, there was no indication of what was in a folder; it was always a plain, white, empty-looking icon.
|
||||
|
||||
0.9 was also the first Android version to have OS-level copy/paste support. Long pressing on any text box would bring up a dialog allowing you to save or recall text from the clipboard. iOS didn't support copy/paste until almost two years later, so for a while, this was one of Android's big differentiators—and the source of many Internet arguments.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
From left to right: Android 0.9’s new menu, recent apps, power options, and lock screen.
|
||||
Photo by Ron Amadeo
|
||||
|
||||
Android 0.9 was really starting to show its maturity. The home screen had a full set of menu items, including a settings option (although it didn't work yet) and a search button (because Google likes it when you search). The menu design was already in the final form that would last until Android 2.3 swapped it to black.
|
||||
|
||||
Long pressing on the hardware home button brought up a 3x2 grid of recent apps, a design that would stick around until the release of Android 3.0. Recent Apps blurred the exposed background, but that was strangely applied here and not on other popups like the "Add to home" dialog or the home screen folder view. The power menu was at least included in the blurry background club, and it was redesigned with icons and more commonly accepted names for functions. The power menu icons lacked padding, though, appearing cramped and awkward.
|
||||
|
||||
Android 0.9 featured a lock screen, albeit a very basic one. The black and gray lock screen had no on-screen method of unlocking—you needed to hit the hardware menu button.
|
||||
|
||||
----------
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
[Ron Amadeo][a] / Ron is the Reviews Editor at Ars Technica, where he specializes in Android OS and Google products. He is always on the hunt for a new gadget and loves to rip things apart to see how they work.
|
||||
|
||||
[@RonAmadeo][t]
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2014/06/building-android-a-40000-word-history-of-googles-mobile-os/3/
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2008/08/robotripping-hands-on-with-the-android-sdk-beta/
|
||||
[2]:http://www.tat.se/
|
||||
[a]:http://arstechnica.com/author/ronamadeo
|
||||
[t]:https://twitter.com/RonAmadeo
|
||||
56
sources/tech/20140528 Install Webmin On Ubuntu 14.04.md
Normal file
56
sources/tech/20140528 Install Webmin On Ubuntu 14.04.md
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,56 @@
|
||||
在Ubuntu 14.04中安装Webmin
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
[Webmin][1]是一款开源的、基于web的、适合Unix/Linux的系统管理工具。使用Webmin，你可以通过任何一款现有的网页浏览器来设置和配置所有的系统服务，比如DNS、DHCP、Apache、NFS和Samba等。因此，你无需记住所有的命令或手动编辑任何的配置文件了。
|
||||
|
||||
### 使用官方仓库在Ubuntu 14.04 LTS上安装Webmin ###
|
||||
|
||||
添加webmin的官方库：
|
||||
|
||||
编辑文件**/etc/apt/sources.list**,
|
||||
|
||||
sudo vi /etc/apt/sources.list
|
||||
|
||||
添加下列行内容：
|
||||
|
||||
deb http://download.webmin.com/download/repository sarge contrib
|
||||
deb http://webmin.mirror.somersettechsolutions.co.uk/repository sarge contrib
|
||||
|
||||
添加GPG密钥：
|
||||
|
||||
sudo wget http://www.webmin.com/jcameron-key.asc
|
||||
sudo apt-key add jcameron-key.asc
|
||||
|
||||
更新软件列表：
|
||||
|
||||
sudo apt-get update
|
||||
|
||||
使用下列命令安装webmin：
|
||||
|
||||
sudo apt-get install webmin
|
||||
|
||||
如果你想远程访问webmin的控制台，则需要设置防火墙允许通过webmin的默认端口“10000”。
|
||||
|
||||
sudo ufw allow 10000
|
||||
|
||||
### 访问Webmin控制台 ###
|
||||
|
||||
打开你的浏览器，转到这个地址**https://ip-address:10000/**。将会出现下面的画面，输入用户名和密码就可以登陆进webmin控制台了。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
这是我的Webmin控制面板的样子。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
就是这样简单。现在你就可以图形化地管理和配置你的Ubuntu服务器了。欢呼吧！
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.unixmen.com/install-webmin-ubuntu-14-04/
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[KayGuoWhu](https://github.com/KayGuoWhu) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://www.webmin.com/
|
||||
@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
|
||||
Translating------geekpi
|
||||
|
||||
How to use awk command in Linux
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
Text processing is at the heart of Unix. From pipes to the /proc subsystem, the "everything is a file" philosophy pervades the operating system and all of the tools built for it. Because of this, getting comfortable with text-processing is one of the most important skills for an aspiring Linux system administrator, or even any power user, and awk is one of the most powerful text-processing tools available outside general-purpose programming languages.
|
||||
|
||||
@ -1,3 +1,5 @@
|
||||
Translating By lfzark
|
||||
|
||||
Use Pushbullet Indicator In Ubuntu To Send Files To Android Or iOS Devices
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
@ -64,4 +66,4 @@ via: http://itsfoss.com/pushbullet-indicator-ubuntu/
|
||||
[a]:http://itsfoss.com/author/Abhishek/
|
||||
[1]:https://www.pushbullet.com/
|
||||
[2]:http://www.atareao.es/
|
||||
[3]:https://www.pushbullet.com/
|
||||
[3]:https://www.pushbullet.com/
|
||||
|
||||
61
sources/tech/20140731 Command Line Somedays--Part Six.md
Normal file
61
sources/tech/20140731 Command Line Somedays--Part Six.md
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
|
||||
Command Line “Somedays” – Part Six
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
Hey guys. Yes, it’s Wednesday, and yes, we’re a day late. Reason? [This awesome announcement][1], that had to take the whole glory of Tuesday. Also, in the future, if there’s an important announcement/release announcement from the project, the CLT series will be postponed.
|
||||
|
||||
Anyway, let’s move on to our today’s agenda: The input/output redirection.
|
||||
|
||||
Most commands we have used, post their results in the terminal display. But, we can also make them display it in a file, device or input of other commands by **redirecting them**.
|
||||
|
||||
### Standard output ###
|
||||
|
||||
So, how it basically works is that command line programs usually send the results of commands to a facility called standard output. The standard output then usually sends it to your display, so you can read off of it. But, you can also make it display the results in a text file, like this, using the ‘>’ character (my case):
|
||||
|
||||
man zypper > man.txt
|
||||
|
||||
What I did here, is I wanted a man page for zypper. But I wanted it in a text file, so I can easily access the results in case I need them (asking for help on the forums, IRC, f.ex.). So what this command did is that it saved the output of man zypper to man.txt in my home folder, which you can see here, opened in gedit (click to enlarge):
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
If I should repeat the command, or use different commands with the same file name output, it would rewrite the file over and over again. So, in that case, if I’d like to have the output redirection append the next results to the existing file, the only thing I have to do is use ‘>>’ instead of ‘>’ the next time.
|
||||
|
||||
### Standard input ###
|
||||
|
||||
Many commands can also accept input from a facility called standard input. By default, it comes from a keyboard, but it can also come from a file. To redirect it, use the inverted character from the one before: ‘**<**’
|
||||
|
||||
The example given is the following:
|
||||
|
||||
sort < man.txt
|
||||
|
||||
### Pipeline ###
|
||||
|
||||
To connect multiple commands together, you use pipelines. What pipelines do, is feed the standard output of one command into the standard input of the other command. Mr Shotts’ favorite:
|
||||
|
||||
ls – l | less
|
||||
|
||||
By using this'| less' trick, you can make any command have scrolling output.
|
||||
Filters
|
||||
|
||||
### Filters ###
|
||||
|
||||
Filters is a commonly used program in pipelines. Filters take a standard input, perform an operation on it, and send the results to the standard output. They can process information in a very powerful way. Here’s a list of the programs, most commonly used as filters. For exercise, look up, or redirect man pages to them to a file!
|
||||
|
||||
Filters: sort, uniq, grep (we’ve all seen this one appear all over forums, so I suggest we look into it more), fmt, pr, head, tail, tr, sed, awk.
|
||||
|
||||
### Finito ###
|
||||
|
||||
Once again, halting to a stop for this week. We have only a couple of lessons left, to cover the basics of the CLI, and by the time autumn comes, I hope you’ll be all interested in CLI a little more and continue with some winter explorations! And while doing it, I hope you’ll…
|
||||
|
||||
**…have a lot of fun!**
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: https://news.opensuse.org/2014/07/30/command-line-somedays-part-six/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Nenad Latinović][a]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:https://news.opensuse.org/author/holden87/
|
||||
[1]:https://news.opensuse.org/2014/07/29/factory-rolling-release/
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
|
||||
Easy Steps to Make GNOME 3 More Efficient
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
Few Linux desktops have brought about such controversy as GNOME 3. It’s been ridiculed, scorned, and hated since it was first released. Thing is, it’s actually a very good desktop. It’s solid, reliable, stable, elegant, simple... and with a few minor tweaks and additions, it can be made into one of the most efficient and user-friendly desktops on the market.
|
||||
|
||||
Of course, what makes for an efficient and/or user-friendly desktop? That is subject to opinion -- something everyone has. Ultimately, my goal is to help you gain faster access to the apps and the files you use. Simple. Believe it or not, stepping GNOME 3 up into the world of higher efficiency and user-friendliness is quite an easy task -- you just have to know where to look and what to do. I am here to point you in the right directions.
|
||||
|
||||
I decided to go about this process by first installing a clean [Ubuntu GNOME][1] distribution that included GNOME 3.12. With the GNOME-centric desktop ready to go, it’s time to start tweaking.
|
||||
|
||||
### Add window buttons ###
|
||||
|
||||
For some unknown reason, the developers of GNOME decided to shrug off the standard window buttons (Close, Minimize, Maximize) in favor of a single Close button. I get the lack of a Maximize button (since you can simply drag the window to the top of the screen to maximize) and you can also gain access to the minimize/maximize actions by right-clicking the titlebar and selecting either Minimize or Maximize. This behavior simply adds steps, so the lack of a minimize button is a bit confounding. Fortunately, there’s an easy fix for this. Here’s how:
|
||||
|
||||
By default, you should have the GNOME Tweak Tool installed. With this tool you can turn on either/or the Maximize or Minimize buttons (Figure 1).
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Figure 1: Adding the minimize button back to the GNOME 3 windows.
|
||||
|
||||
Once added, you’ll see the Minimize button, to the left of the close button, ready to serve. Your windows are now more easy to manage.
|
||||
|
||||
From the same tweak tool, you can configure a number of other helpful aspects of GNOME:
|
||||
|
||||
- Set window focus mode
|
||||
- Set system fonts
|
||||
- Set the GNOME theme
|
||||
- Add startup applications
|
||||
- Add extensions.
|
||||
|
||||
### Add extensions ###
|
||||
|
||||
One of the best features of GNOME 3 are shell extensions. These extensions bring all sorts of handy features to GNOME. With shell extensions, there’s no need to install from the package manager, you either visit the [GNOME Shell Extension][2] site, search for the extension you want to add, click on the extension listing, click the On button, and then okay the installation of the extension or you add them from within the GNOME Tweak Tool (you’ll find more available extensions through the web site).
|
||||
|
||||
NOTE: You may have to allow the installation of extensions through your browser. If this is the case, you’ll be given a warning when you first visit the GNOME Shell Extension site. Just click Allow when prompted.
|
||||
|
||||
One of the more impressive (and handy extensions) is [Dash to Dock][3]. This extension moves the Dash out of the application overview and turns it into a fairly standard dock (Figure 2).
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Figure 2: Dash to Dock adds a dock to GNOME 3.
|
||||
|
||||
As you add applications to the Dash, they will also be added to the Dash to Dock. You also get quick access to the applications overview, by clicking the 6-dotted icon at the bottom of the Dock.
|
||||
|
||||
There are plenty of other extensions focused on making GNOME 3 a more efficient desktop. Some of the better extensions include:
|
||||
|
||||
- [Recent items][4]: Add a drop-down menu of recently used items to your panel.
|
||||
- [Search Firefox Bookmarks Provider][5]: Search (and launch) your bookmarks from the Overview.
|
||||
- [Quicklists][6]: Add a quicklist popup menu to Dash icons (which allows you to quickly open new documents associated with the application, and more).
|
||||
- [Todo List][7]: Adds a drop-down in the panel that allows you to add items lists.
|
||||
- [Web Search Dialog][8]: Allows you to quickly search the web by hitting Ctrl+Space and entering a string of text (results appear in a new browser tab).
|
||||
|
||||
### Add a complete dock ###
|
||||
|
||||
If the Dash to Dock is too limiting for you (say you want a notification area and more), one of my favorite docks is [Cairo Dock][9] (Figure 3). This amazing addition to GNOME 3 will go a long way to up the efficiency of the desktop. With it, you can add/remove applications, get quick access to shortcuts (folders such as Documents, Downloads, Music, and Videos), add applets (such as RSS reader, wi-fi indicator, netspeed, drop-to-share, and more). Cairo also allows themes and OpenGL hardware acceleration support.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Figure 3: Cairo Dock ready for action.
|
||||
|
||||
With Cairo Dock added to GNOME 3, your experience will be made exponentially better. Install this great dock from within your distribution’s package manager.
|
||||
|
||||
GNOME 3 doesn’t have to be seen as an inefficient, user UN-friendly, desktop. With just a tiny bit of tweaking, GNOME 3 can be made as powerful and user-friendly as any desktop available.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.linux.com/learn/tutorials/781916-easy-steps-to-make-gnome-3-more-efficient
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Jack Wallen][a]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://www.linux.com/community/forums/person/93
|
||||
[1]:http://ubuntugnome.org/
|
||||
[2]:https://extensions.gnome.org/
|
||||
[3]:https://extensions.gnome.org/extension/307/dash-to-dock/
|
||||
[4]:https://extensions.gnome.org/extension/72/recent-items/
|
||||
[5]:https://extensions.gnome.org/extension/149/search-firefox-bookmarks-provider/
|
||||
[6]:https://extensions.gnome.org/extension/322/quicklists/
|
||||
[7]:https://extensions.gnome.org/extension/162/todo-list/
|
||||
[8]:https://extensions.gnome.org/extension/549/web-search-dialog/
|
||||
[9]:http://glx-dock.org/index.php
|
||||
@ -1,31 +0,0 @@
|
||||
小伙伴们，该更新系统啦：Ubuntu 13.10的支持到今天结束
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**尽管目前运行良好，在经历了9个月的折腾，今天官方对Ubuntu 13.10(俏皮蝾螈)的支持正式寿终正寝。**
|
||||
|
||||
> 尽管它的名字叫'俏皮蝾螈'，但它所以提供的新功能却无比的乏味。
|
||||
那些仍然在使用的用户应该好好看看最新的发行的稳定版，Ubuntu 14.04 LTS，在四月推出的，提供良好的图形化支持，支持期限是到2019年的4月中旬。
|
||||
对于Ubuntu 13.10的服务器版本到今天正式的停止支持。
|
||||
### 俏皮蝾螈已然失宠 ###
|
||||
|
||||
Ubuntu 13.10在去年10月开始对桌面版本提供时常9个月的安全和Bug修复更新。截至到今年7月17日，所有更新将停止，未来也不再提供。
|
||||
[推荐的做法][1]是升级到14.04版本，目前可以直接通过图形化工具去升级，包括使用升级程序，或者在命令行运行‘`do-release-upgrade`‘命令。
|
||||
俏皮蝾螈，它的名字非常的好听，但其表现并不如人意，13.10在Ubuntu所有的发行版中也不是一个取得卓越成功的版本，[这一点已经被很多网络评论预言到了][2]。
|
||||
It was, however, notable for inflicting(注：这个单词原文有删除线) introducing Smart Scopes to the Unity Dash,
|
||||
然而，依然让人眼前一亮的是，它添加了键盘指示符来快速的选择安装语言，这可以让用户简便的在该智能域操作，这也是第一个在安装程序中整合了`Ubuntu One Single Sign-on`的发行版。
|
||||
查看13.10版本的所有新功能，请查看完整视频：
|
||||
Youtobe 视频地址：[http://www.youtube.com/embed/1EiRQ-znEcI?feature=oembed][3]
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2014/07/ubuntu-13-10-support-ends-today
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[nd0104](https://github.com/nd0104) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:https://help.ubuntu.com/community/TrustyUpgrades
|
||||
[2]:http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2013/10/ubuntu-13-10-press-reaction
|
||||
[3]:http://www.youtube.com/embed/1EiRQ-znEcI?feature=oembed
|
||||
113
translated/talk/20140617 Does Linux Lack a Killer App.md
Normal file
113
translated/talk/20140617 Does Linux Lack a Killer App.md
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,113 @@
|
||||
Linux 缺乏一款杀手级应用程序吗？
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
**Linux 最需要的就是游戏， Hyperlogos 的博主 Martin Espinoza 如是说。然而，“如果您把它限定到一款应用程序的话，最需要的很可能仍是 Photoshop 。尽管大家都在谈论 GIMP 已经变得多么多么强大，但它的易用性仍然是个悲催的噩梦；虽然开源社区有些相关的文档，但 GIMP 仍是处在缺乏文档的可怜状态。”**
|
||||
|
||||
这些日子这儿越来越热了，Linux 博客世界和 FOSS 论坛的粉丝们都蜂拥入带有破窗的休息室，边吹着冷空调，边讨论此话题。
|
||||
|
||||
甚至是 [Linux Girl][9]，这些天也被这些越来越多的潮流所冲击，正在 blogobar 上寻求能使其降温的慰籍，而且越来越频繁。
|
||||
|
||||
虽然她们这样做比较正确，但或许她们已经错过了最鲜最美味可口的辩论大餐。“Linux 缺少什么样的杀手级应用程序？”这个问题[已经扩大化了][1],关于此的讨论越演越烈，已经超出以往任何时候。
|
||||
|
||||
开源软件世界的软件是如此令人难以置信的丰富，几乎涵盖了所有的领域，” **Linux Voice** 的 Mike Saunders 开头说到。“我们有桌面端的、服务端的、开发相关的及多媒体工具等一大笔来自开源世界的财富可以选择 -- 其中的某些还是在相关领域中最好的呢。”
|
||||
|
||||
“但还缺少什么吗？” Sanders 接下来提出可争议的话题。“是不是存在一款杀手级应用程序，它会使你的主机不能 24x7 小时的在运行？”
|
||||
|
||||
参与者围绕着吧台考虑这话题的时候，出现了短暂的间歇。Linux Girl 也享受着这短暂的平静，但并没有持续多久。
|
||||
|
||||
### '取决于您的所需' ###
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
“很久以前，Linux 需要很多东西，” Google+ 的博主 Alessandro Ebersol 发言了。“当任何软件和厨房水槽都迁移到云端的那些日子，做任何的事情都得考虑多平台兼容性。”
|
||||
|
||||
“我想说的是我们缺少游戏，但这种情况也正在被开改变，” Ebersol 说道。“所以我觉得我们并不是那么迫切的需要一个杀手级应用了。”
|
||||
|
||||
杀手级应用程序“取决于你想用计算机做什么，” consultant 和 [Slashdot][2] 博客的 Gerhard Mack 认为。“如果您正准备拟稿做设计，那么杀手级应用程序就是 AUTOCAD 。但对其它行业来说杀手级应用程序将是别的。”
|
||||
|
||||
### '企业平台空间' ###
|
||||
|
||||
Google+ 博客的 Kevin O'Brien 有相似的观点。
|
||||
|
||||
“在消费级别存在的应用程序不算太多，” O'Brien 说。“我虽然会抱怨游戏或者 Nvidia 驱动程序，并且我看还没有任何东西能真正替代 Quicken。（译者注：Quicken 是一款家庭及个人财务管理软件，可管理个人及家庭的日常收支、银行卡、支票、信用卡及税务等财务信息，有着丰富的功能和简单快捷的操作。）但对我来说最大的不同是企业平台空间。”
|
||||
|
||||
“微软就拥有企业平台空间，没有什么比得过 Outlook/Exchange 服务, Sharepoint 等这些应用的，”他断言到。“我猜测部分原因可能是真正关心这些的开源开发者很少很少。”
|
||||
|
||||
### '浪潮正发生改变' ###
|
||||
|
||||
与其说是“缺乏应用程序”这种情况，不如说是“临界的质量不够”的问题，Google+ 博客 Gonzalo Velasco C. 建议说。
|
||||
|
||||
比起五年前，现在用 Linux 的人已经越来越多了，他指出；但同时很人都依赖于非 Linux 友好的应用程序。
|
||||
|
||||
“虽然每个人都在使用 Skype ，但一大半半的应用程序都是基于 GNU/Linux 协议的，从简单易用的 Pidgin(我的最爱)到 Ekiga 和通用 voIP 等等，” Gonzalo Velasco C. 解释说。“一些用户仍宣称他们需要 PhotoShop，并不想花时间来掌握和改进 GIMP、Inkscape、Bender 及其它的。”
|
||||
|
||||
曾经是很缺乏游戏，“但这状况正发生改变，主要是--但并不是唯一--因为 Valve 的勇敢开创 SteamOS 之举，”他增加道。
|
||||
|
||||
### '零售货架空间' ###
|
||||
|
||||
“我认为这段时期根本就没有‘杀手级’应用程序，”[Robert Pogson][3] 博客上的观点。“在 Debian GNU/Linux 系统上，有 40K 的软件包，虽然我的 PC 只安装了 3K 的东西，但我一样都不缺。我有多个浏览器、编辑器、编译器/解释器、多个操作平台和像 KVM 这样的虚拟机，我可以根据需要在多个操作系统和不同版本的软件中尽情玩乐。”
|
||||
|
||||
“在局域网内，我可以把多台机器当做一台机器来使用，” Pogson 增加到。“在局域网内我能从任何机器上访问存储在任意节点的资源。还有什么不能满足的吗？”
|
||||
|
||||
"有些说法，“几个专业人士告诉我，在 GNU/Linux 上的视频和图像编辑是有点弱，”他说。 “GIMP 正在比特级别的图像上改进，所以应该不算了。Lightworks（译者注：好莱坞级专业电影编辑软件） 最终会被当做 FLOSS（译者注：自由/开源软件：世界影响研究） 发布，所以视频应该不算。”
|
||||
|
||||
"尽管如此，“在 IT 行业中还有特少数的专业功能软件，”他指出。“很多普通用户几十年都不会使用那些极其特殊的应用程序软件，所有我认为 GNU/Linux 系统已经不不需要什么了。”
|
||||
|
||||
但是真正的杀手在市场上，在零售商店缺乏货架空间，Pogson 断言到。“只要解决这问题，GNU/Linux 必定蓬勃发展。”
|
||||
|
||||
### 'Linux 已经输给 OS X' ###
|
||||
|
||||
Chris Travers，一名工作于 [LedgerSMB][5] 的[博主][4]，有不同的观点。
|
||||
|
||||
“我认为杀手级应用程序并不是关键问题，”他开始说到。“真正的问题是，虽然跟 BSD 系统一样，Linux 正在占据服务器市场，但在桌面市场 Linux 已经普遍输于 OS X 了。Linux 用户正在寻找开放的桌面系统。”
|
||||
|
||||
Linux “既需要微软的增长势头，又需要 OS X 系统的精致用户界面和引人入胜的细节设计，”Travers 说到。“这些迟早会来有的。”
|
||||
|
||||
### 文档问题 ###
|
||||
|
||||
“Linux 并不是缺少杀手级应用程序” -- "缺少的是一如既往的打磨抛光，" [Hyperlogos][6] 的博主 Martin Espinoza 认为。“根本就没有 Linux 的桌面环境能像 Windows XP 系统那样精雕细琢，更别说是 Windows 7 系统了。”
|
||||
|
||||
"除了可以用臃肿复杂的 GNOME 或 [KDE][7] 的色拉一样的小部件，难道还要用拥有极其可怕的文件管理器和非常原始的面板的 Xface 或 LXDE 吗？" Espinoza 增加道。"GNOME 仅仅只是非常接近 DE。真正的 DE 是十分简洁的，还会隐藏他们的存在。"
|
||||
|
||||
Windows 也仅仅是“表现的比较好，”他断言说。
|
||||
|
||||
不过，如果 Linux 要获得广泛的接受的话，“最缺的正是游戏，”Espinoza 说到。“如果您把它限定到一款应用程序的话，最需要的很可能仍是 Photoshop 。尽管大家都在谈论 GIMP 已经变得多么多么强大，但它的易用性仍然是个悲催的噩梦；虽然开源社区有些相关的文档，但 GIMP 仍是处在缺乏文档的可怜状态。”
|
||||
|
||||
"GIMP “也许能做 Photoshop 能做的大部分事情，但我很可能并不知道，”Espinoza 的结论。“我想，如果我花了几个小时逛论坛就可以找出如何使用 GIMP 了。这就是大多数开源软件项目失败的地方，包括那些认为他们是真的是有了足够多的说明文档的。”
|
||||
|
||||
### '易用和有技术支持' ###
|
||||
|
||||
SoylentNews 的博主 hairyfeet 定义说易用和有技术支持就是 “杀手级应用”。
|
||||
|
||||
“嗯，一个新手安装好一个看起来很漂亮的 Linux 发行版系统，它工作得也很正常；但问题是它不会一直正常工作或一直都让人赏心悦目，”他解释到。“第一个更新，哎哟！WPA V2 无线网用不了了。第二个更新呢，像脉冲呕吐一样，声音没了。还有第一个‘升级’？呃，都不需要往下了！”
|
||||
|
||||
“这正是 Linux 欠缺而 Windows 和 OS X 已经具有的：易用性及技术支持，”hairyfeet 结束道。“相同的时段有 15 款以上的 Linux 发行版本跟仅仅只是一款 Windows 发行版本所获得的技术支持生命周期能一样吗？不好意思的说，您们的产品不是同一重量级的 -- 您是拿高中棒球赛跟职业联赛在比较。”
|
||||
|
||||
### 'Windows 8' ###
|
||||
|
||||
最后但并非是不重要的，[Linux Rants][8] 的博主 Mike Stone 提供了一个让人惊讶的建议。
|
||||
|
||||
“这些年 Linux 缺乏的杀手级应用是 Windows 8，”Stone 打趣说。
|
||||
|
||||
"说真的，我认为并没有一个特定的应用程序可以被称为'杀手级应用'，“他说，”Linux 需要有更多的主流应用的支持，而这将意味着 Photoshop 和微软的 Office 是必须具有的。值得庆幸的是，微软已经做了最大的努力以使 Office 可以跨平台，至于 Photoshop 的话大多数人并不需要的。"
|
||||
|
||||
Linux "应该是很争议性的话题，上面我所说的 windows 8 仅仅只是个玩笑，"他总结说。“基于 Linux 的应用程序正如火如荼，而当前的 Windows 系统明显不受欢迎。祈祷我们能很快就看到这一变化。”
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via:
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[runningwater](https://github.com/runningwater) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://www.linuxvoice.com/voice-of-the-masses-what-killer-app-is-linux-missing/
|
||||
[2]:http://slashdot.org/
|
||||
[3]:http://mrpogson.com/
|
||||
[4]:http://ledgersmbdev.blogspot.com/
|
||||
[5]:http://www.ledgersmb.org/
|
||||
[6]:http://hyperlogos.org/
|
||||
[7]:http://www.kde.org/
|
||||
[8]:http://linuxrants.com/
|
||||
[9]:http://www.linux-girl.com
|
||||
80
translated/talk/20140724 Best Linux Browsers.md
Normal file
80
translated/talk/20140724 Best Linux Browsers.md
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,80 @@
|
||||
Linux中一些最优秀的浏览器
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
> 讨论Linux桌面上一些最优秀浏览器的优缺点，讨论对象包括Firefox，Chrome和其它浏览器。
|
||||
|
||||
选择满足你的需要的最棒的一款Linux浏览器仅费些许功夫：网页浏览器在Linux桌面上就和在其他流行的桌面上一样已经发展了多年，随着它们的发展，其优点和缺点都被慢慢发现。优缺点涉及从新功能到被破坏的扩展程序等各方面。本文中，我将在迷茫之中充当你的向导来帮助你发现适合你的最棒的Linux浏览器。
|
||||
|
||||
### **Firefox** ###
|
||||
|
||||
– [Firefox][1]已经成为Linux用户的一款友好的浏览器很长时间。 它在32位和64位的Linux上都可用，同时Firefox提供丰富的扩展程序供选择。firefix是一款装载快速，易于使用的浏览器，在Linux用户中很流行。
|
||||
|
||||
**优点**: 如果Firefox没有被预装在某个Linux发行版的话，它也能很方便地从大多数常见Linux软件仓库中安装。上千种供选择的扩展程序可以能让你的firedox极富个性化。几乎所有的网站都能正确地被Firefox渲染（包括政府网站和银行网站）。
|
||||
|
||||
另外很重要的事：Firefox尊重你的隐私。Firefox有一项直白的隐私政策，他们同谷歌可不是一回事。因此，大多数用户能放心地让Firefox查看他们的日常浏览记录，然而，其他的某些浏览器可能会对用户的隐私有一些受利益驱使的兴趣。Firefox也非常适用于web开发者，这得感谢內嵌入Firefox的元素检查工具。
|
||||
|
||||
**缺点**: 不久之前，我发现Firefox的频繁更新会破坏我的扩展程序。这就意味着每次在我更新Firefox前我得检查我最喜欢的一些扩展程序是否与新的Firefox兼容。
|
||||
|
||||
老实说，这让我重新考虑该把谁作为我的默认上网浏览器。为了做到合理，Mozilla在每次更新Firefox时都会向扩展程序开发者发出邮件通知。在这些邮件中，开发者会被告知改动了些什么以及怎样做来使Firefox和这些扩展程序一起流畅地工作。
|
||||
|
||||
### **Chrome/Chromium** ###
|
||||
|
||||
– Google提醒大家它的的浏览器叫[Chrome][2]，然而自从[Chromium][3]被作为Chrome的开发基础后我就倾向于把Chromium和Chrome视为一类。不像Firefox，Chrome/Chromium进入Linux比较晚，直到Chrome被大多数人意识到是最快的浏览器后Linux使用者才觉得它值得一试。
|
||||
|
||||
**优点**: 即使是在今天，Chrome也是超快的。虽然最近很多浏览器的升级使它有了竞争对手，但在速度方面Chrome/Chrommium还从未输过。Chromr/Chromium支持的扩展程序数量丰富甚至质量更好，而且升级Chrome/Chromium对它的扩展程序并没有影响。这就意味着，不像Firefox，我不需要去处理扩展程序的不兼容性。和Firefox一样，Chrome/Chromium也有内嵌入浏览器的元素检查工具。和其它浏览器一起试验同步功能后，只有Chrome/Chromium 证明了它是安全可靠的。在我看来，Chrome/Chromium的同步功能毫无疑问是众多浏览器中最好的。
|
||||
|
||||
**缺点**: Chrome/Chromium有时候不能正确地渲染网页。有这样一些很少见的情形，一些网站比如Ebay不能被正确地渲染。举个例子，假如我在新建一个Ebay提交，有时候会缺少某些网页按钮。我还发现有时候当一个打开的标签页正在执行大型脚本时Chrome/Chromium会整个卡住。比如Goole Plus 和 Facebook这样的网站就是最常见的例子。
|
||||
|
||||
### **Qupzilla** ###
|
||||
|
||||
– 当说到轻量级浏览器时，我认为[Qupzilla][4]是最棒的。基于webkit，它能在很小的资源占用下提供相当好的网页渲染支持。
|
||||
|
||||
**优点**: 如果你需要一款现代化的能正确渲染网页，并大体上能提供可靠的网络浏览体验的浏览器，那么对于轻量的桌面环境来说，Qupzilla是你的理想选择。它相当轻巧，能够在老的计算机上非常稳定地运行。Qupzilla预装了Access keys 和 [GreaseMonkey][5]插件(但没有被启用）。
|
||||
|
||||
和Firefox和Chrome/Chromium一样，Qupzilla也提供元素检查工具。最后，由于Qupzilla预装了[Adblock][6]插件，这就明确地使得它成为我心中的轻量级浏览器冠军。
|
||||
|
||||
**缺点**: HTML5 “视频”标签在Qupzilla上好像无法可靠地工作。而且，为了观看Flash视频，你得进入首选项并且在Webkit插件区域的扩展程序中钩去Click to Flash选项, 在HTML5 “视频”标签还是完全损坏的情况下，这个没有经过好好考虑的设计实质上使得Flash无法直接播放。
|
||||
|
||||
### **Midori** ###
|
||||
|
||||
– 我喜欢把[Midori][7]叫做轻量级的Chrome。和Goolge的浏览器一样，Midori通过它的“汉堡式”菜单给用户提供极简风格的体验，汉堡式菜单相当棒因为它占用的浏览器空间更少。在没有其它浏览器信条的情况下你不仅能获得稳定的上网体验，而且Midori也很快速。
|
||||
|
||||
**优点**: Midori快速，轻量，接近于开箱即用。它能够正确地渲染网页而且能够很好的浏览像YOUTUBE一样的网站。我认为Midori最棒的地方就是内嵌入浏览器的浏览器设置功能和网页应用快捷方式。举个例子，你可以很简单地在你的桌面上建立一个Gmail或Facebook的快捷方式。你也可以创建另外的浏览器设置，而不用新建立一个Linux用户帐号。
|
||||
|
||||
**缺点**: 虽然也提到过Midori的用户扩展程序，但可用的扩展程序并不出色。另外，用户得费些许功夫来习惯Midora的布局。 比如它给浏览过的网站还弄个垃圾桶-有没有搞错？
|
||||
|
||||
### **Opera** ###
|
||||
|
||||
– [Opera][8]长时间是被误解的浏览器之一。很早以前，Opera浏览器在所有Linux社区的反对下提供了Linux平台下的支持。不过后来还好，Opera成为了服务Linux用户的一个快速，和谐的浏览器，它也有很丰富的设置选项。
|
||||
|
||||
**优点**: 快速，自定性选项丰富。你可以在浏览器中发送和接收从RSS 订阅到电子邮件等等，skin Opera 可以让你很方便得获取炫丽的浏览器主题。Opera提供一个丰富的拓展仓库来供你选择扩展程序。我们不仅能从Opera阅读RSS 订阅和电子邮件，我们还能使用Opera的扩展套件功来能重温使用Mozilla Suite的日子。但也许最重要的是，Opera Turbo -能极大提高你的上网速度，它通过对浏览内容的选择性压缩来给用户提供一个更快的上网体验。
|
||||
|
||||
**缺点**: 首次运行要麻烦地配置很多服务. Opera Turbo对你的上网体验有些许影响----比如YouTube，可能无法显示视频的缩略图。Opera提供的如此之多设置选项可能令业余使用者手足无措。最后，Opera是闭源软件，作为桌面浏览器它不是被很认可。大多数爱好者仅把它当作一款手机浏览器。
|
||||
|
||||
### 哪款浏览器适合你？ ###
|
||||
|
||||
有这么多棒极了的选择，很难说哪个适合你。对我来说，由于我每天工作需的一些特定扩展程序，所以我很依赖于Firefox和Chromium。对于一些使用低端机子或是上网本，我的建议是先试试Midori，如果不合适的话，再回头看看Qupzilla。
|
||||
|
||||
那么Linux上的其它浏览器怎么样呢？比如[Epiphany][9]或是[Konqueror][10]？像这样的浏览器也很棒，但是我对我上面所提到的浏览器印象深刻。上面所列举的都是我经常使用的浏览器，我觉得它们有些地方很出色并且我很开心地向朋友和家人都推荐它们。
|
||||
|
||||
请务必在下面的评论区域中和我们分享你喜欢什么浏览器，这样其他人也许可以从你的上网方式中得到启发。
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.datamation.com/open-source/best-linux-browsers-1.html
|
||||
|
||||
原文作者：[Matt Hartley][a]
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[Love-xuan](https://github.com/译者ID) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://www.datamation.com/author/Matt-Hartley-3080.html
|
||||
[1]:https://www.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/new/
|
||||
[2]:https://www.google.com/intl/en_us/chrome/browser/
|
||||
[3]:http://www.chromium.org/
|
||||
[4]:http://www.qupzilla.com/
|
||||
[5]:https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/addon/greasemonkey/
|
||||
[6]:https://adblockplus.org/
|
||||
[7]:http://midori-browser.org/
|
||||
[8]:http://www.opera.com/
|
||||
[9]:https://wiki.gnome.org/Apps/Web
|
||||
[10]:http://www.konqueror.org/
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,148 @@
|
||||
适用于Linux的在线工具
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
众所周知，GNU Linux不仅仅只是一款操作系统。看起来通过互联网全球许多人都在致力于这款企鹅图标（即Linux）的操作系统。如果你读到这篇文章，你可能倾向于读到关于Linux联机的内容。在可以找到的所有关于这个主题的网页中，有一些网站是每个Linux爱好者都应该收藏起来的。这些网站不仅仅只是教程或回顾，更是可以随时随地访问并与他人共享的实用工具。所以，今天我会建议一份包含16个应该收藏的网址清单。它们中的一些对Windows或Mac用户同样有用：这是在他们的能力范围内可以做到的。（译者注：Windows和Mac一样可以很好地体验Linux）
|
||||
### 1. [ExplainShell.com][1] ###
|
||||
|
||||
[][2]
|
||||
|
||||
如果你对Linux命令行感兴趣，那就试试这个网站。如果你对Linux命令行不感兴趣，那就更应该试试它，因为它会详尽地告诉你一个命令是如何工作的。这会防止你无意执行一个对电脑有害的命令，而且通过一个非常赞的界面来学习是一个好方法。
|
||||
|
||||
### 2. [BashrcGenerator.com][3] ###
|
||||
|
||||
[][4]
|
||||
|
||||
如果你想开始学习Linux命令行，或者想快速地得到一个自定义的shell命令提示符，但不知道从何下手，这个网站会为你生成PS1提示代码，在家目录下放置.bashrc文件。你可以拖拽任何你想在提示符里看到的元素，譬如用户名和当前时间，这个网站都会为你编写易懂可读的代码。绝对是懒人必备！
|
||||
|
||||
### 3. [Vim-adventures.com][5] ###
|
||||
|
||||
[][6]
|
||||
|
||||
我是最近才发现这个网站的，但我的生活已经深陷其中。简而言之：它就是一个使用Vim命令的RPG游戏。在等距的水平上使用‘h,j,k,l’四个键移动字母，获取新的命令/能力，收集关键词，非常快速地学习高效地使用Vim。
|
||||
|
||||
### 4. [Try Github][7] ###
|
||||
|
||||
[][8]
|
||||
|
||||
目标很简单：15分钟学会Git。这个网站模拟一个控制台，带你遍历这种协作编辑的每一步。界面非常时尚，目的十分有用。唯一不足的是对Git敏感，但Git绝对是一项不错的技能，这里也是学习Git的绝佳之处。
|
||||
|
||||
### 5. [Shortcutfoo.com][9] ###
|
||||
|
||||
[][10]
|
||||
|
||||
又一个包含众多快捷键数据库的网站，shortcutfoo以更标准的方式将其内容呈现给用户，但绝对比有趣的迷你游戏更直截了当。这里有许多软件的快捷键，并按类别分组。虽然它不像Vim一类完全依赖快捷键的软件那么全面，但也足以提供快速的提示或一般性的概述。
|
||||
|
||||
### 6. [GitHub Free Programming Books][11] ###
|
||||
|
||||
[][12]
|
||||
|
||||
正如你从URL上猜到的一样，这个网站就是免费在线编程书籍的集合，使用Git协作方式编写。上面的内容非常好，作者们应该为做出这些工作受到表扬。它可能不是最容易阅读的，但一定是最有启发性的之一。我们只希望这项运动能持续进行。
|
||||
|
||||
### 7. [Collabedit.com][13] ###
|
||||
|
||||
[][14]
|
||||
|
||||
如果你曾经准备过电话面试，你应该先试试collabedit。它让你创建文件，选择你想使用的编程语言，然后通过URL共享文档。打开链接的人可以免费地实时使用文本交互，使你可以评判他们的编程水平或只是交换一些程序片段。这里甚至还提供合适的语法高亮和聊天功能。换句话说，这就是程序员的即时Google文档。
|
||||
|
||||
### 8. [Cpp.sh][15] ###
|
||||
|
||||
[][16]
|
||||
|
||||
尽管这个网站超出了Linux范围，但因为它非常有用，所以值得将它放在这里。简单地说，这是一个C++在线开发环境。只需在导航栏里编写程序，然后运行它。作为奖励，你可以使用自动补全、Ctrl+Z，以及和你的小伙伴共享URL。这些有趣的事情，你只需要通过一个简单的浏览器就能做到。
|
||||
|
||||
### 9. [Copy.sh][17] ###
|
||||
|
||||
[][18]
|
||||
|
||||
如果想继续在浏览器上做一些疯狂的事情，你可以试试在copy.sh上在线运行一个虚拟机。就是这么简单。这个网站最近小有名气，但这个点子确实有些疯狂。从导航栏里，你可以选择运行默认的虚拟机镜像，或者上传你自己的iso文件。这项壮举的代码已经共享在[GitHub][19]。尽情尖叫吧！
|
||||
|
||||
### 10. [Commandlinefu.com][20] ###
|
||||
|
||||
[][21]
|
||||
|
||||
我们总是在自己的电脑上保存着一大段类似于“gems”的命令行【翻译得不准确，麻烦校正】，commandlinefu的目标是把这些片段释放给全世界。作为一个协作式数据库，它就像是命令行里的维基百科。每个人可以免费注册，把自己最钟爱的命令提交到这个网站上给其他人看。你将能够获取来自四面八方的知识并与人分享。如果你对精通shell饶有兴趣，commandlinefu也可以提供一些优秀的特性，比如随机命令和每天学习新知识的新闻订阅。
|
||||
|
||||
### 11. [Alias.sh][22] ###
|
||||
|
||||
[][23]
|
||||
|
||||
另一协作式数据库，alias.sh（我爱死这个URL了）有点像commandlinefu，但是为shell别名开发的。你可以共享和发现一些有用的别名，来使你的CLI（命令行界面）体验更加舒服。我个人喜欢这个获取图片维度的别名。
|
||||
|
||||
function dim(){ sips $1 -g pixelWidth -g pixelHeight }
|
||||
|
||||
你通过alias.sh节省下来的时间会积少成多，当你走到人生尽头的时候，会发现省下了许多年。（译者注：珍爱生命，多用别名！）
|
||||
|
||||
### 12. [Distrowatch.com][24] ###
|
||||
|
||||
[][25]
|
||||
|
||||
有谁不知道Distrowatch？除了基于这个网站流行度给出一个精确的Linux发行版排名，Distrowatch也是一个非常有用的数据库。无论你正苦苦寻找一个新的发行版，还是只是出于好奇，它都能为你能找到的每个Linux版本呈现一个详尽的描述，包含默认的桌面环境，包管理系统，默认应用程序等信息，还有所有的版本号，以及可用的下载链接。总而言之，这就是个Linux宝库。
|
||||
|
||||
### 13. [Linuxmanpages.com][26] ###
|
||||
|
||||
[][27]
|
||||
|
||||
一切都在URL中：随时随地获取主流命令的手册页面。尽管不确信对于Linux用户是否真的有用，因为他们可以从真实的终端中获取这些信息，但这里的内容还是值得关注的。
|
||||
|
||||
### 14. [AwesomeCow.com][28] ###
|
||||
|
||||
[][29]
|
||||
|
||||
这里可能少一些核心的Linux内容，但肯定是有一些用的。Awesomecow是一个搜索引擎，来寻找Windows软件在Linux上的替代品。它对那些迁移到企鹅操作系统（Linux）或习惯Windows软件的人很有帮助。我认为这个网站代表一种能力，表明了在谈到软件质量时Linux也可以适用于专业领域。大家至少可以尝试一下。
|
||||
|
||||
### 15. [PenguSpy.com][30] ###
|
||||
|
||||
[][31]
|
||||
|
||||
Steam在Linux上崭露头角之前，游戏性可能是Linux的软肋。但这个名为“pengsupy”的网站不遗余力地弥补这个软肋，通过使用漂亮的接口在数据库中收集所有兼容Linux的游戏。游戏按照类别、发行日期、评分等指标分类。我真心希望这一类的网站不会因为Steam的存在走向衰亡，毕竟这是我在这个列表里最喜爱的网站之一。
|
||||
|
||||
### 16. [Linux Cross Reference by Free Electrons][32] ###
|
||||
|
||||
[][33]
|
||||
|
||||
最后，对所有的专家和好奇的用户，lxr是源自Linux Cross Reference的回文构词法，使我们能交互地在线查看Linux内核代码。通过标识符可以很方便地使用导航栏，你可以使用标准的diff标记对比文件的不同版本。这个网站的界面看起来严肃直接，毕竟这只是一个希望完美阐述开源观点的网站。
|
||||
|
||||
总而言之，应该列出更多这一类的网站，作为这篇文章第二部分的主题。但这篇文章是一个好的开始，是一道为Linux用户寻找在线工具的开胃菜。如果你有其它任何想要分享的页面，而且是紧跟这个主题的，在评论里写出来。这将有助于续写这个列表。
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://xmodulo.com/2014/07/useful-online-tools-linux.html
|
||||
|
||||
原文作者：[Adrien Brochard][a]（我是一名来自法国的Linux狂热爱好者。在尝试过众多的发行版后，我最终选择了Archlinux。但我一直会通过叠加技巧和窍门来优化我的系统。）
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[KayGuoWhu](https://github.com/KayGuoWhu) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://xmodulo.com/author/adrien
|
||||
[1]:http://explainshell.com/
|
||||
[2]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14517716647/
|
||||
[3]:http://bashrcgenerator.com/
|
||||
[4]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14703872782/
|
||||
[5]:http://vim-adventures.com/
|
||||
[6]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14681149696/
|
||||
[7]:https://try.github.io/
|
||||
[8]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14517499739/
|
||||
[9]:https://www.shortcutfoo.com/
|
||||
[10]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14517499799/
|
||||
[11]:https://github.com/vhf/free-programming-books/blob/master/free-programming-books.md
|
||||
[12]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14517499989/
|
||||
[13]:http://collabedit.com/
|
||||
[14]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14681150086/
|
||||
[15]:http://cpp.sh/
|
||||
[16]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14700981001/
|
||||
[17]:http://copy.sh/v24/
|
||||
[18]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14517479870/
|
||||
[19]:https://github.com/copy/v86
|
||||
[20]:http://www.commandlinefu.com/
|
||||
[21]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14517495938/
|
||||
[22]:http://alias.sh/
|
||||
[23]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14701762124/
|
||||
[24]:http://distrowatch.com/
|
||||
[25]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14681149996/
|
||||
[26]:http://www.linuxmanpages.com/
|
||||
[27]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14704165765/
|
||||
[28]:http://awesomecow.com/
|
||||
[29]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14704165965/
|
||||
[30]:http://www.penguspy.com/
|
||||
[31]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14517495728/
|
||||
[32]:http://lxr.free-electrons.com/
|
||||
[33]:https://www.flickr.com/photos/xmodulo/14712049464/
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,64 @@
|
||||
安卓编年史
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
从左到右：安卓0.9的主屏幕，添加的应用抽屉，以及快捷方式删除界面。
|
||||
Ron Amadeo供图
|
||||
|
||||
### Android 0.9, Beta——嘿，这看起来很眼熟！ ###
|
||||
|
||||
Milestone 5发布后六个月，2008年8月， [安卓0.9发布][1]。尽管安卓0.5 milestone版看起来“很早期”，到现在距离1.0发布也只有两个月时间了。因此，安卓0.9被打上了“beta”的标签。在移动操作系统之路的另一边，苹果在一个月前已经发布了iPhone的第二代产品——iPhone 3G。第二代的iPhone搭载了第二代iPhone OS。苹果同样发布了App Store应用商店并且已经开始接受应用提交。谷歌在追赶的道路上还有很多事情要做。
|
||||
|
||||
谷歌抛弃了很多在Milestone 5中引入的UI设计。所有设计都回炉重造进入全彩，白色方形图标背景被抛弃。尽管0.9还是一个模拟器版本，相比与安卓发布版来说看起来还是有点熟悉。安卓0.9有一个可用的桌面式主屏幕，一个特有的应用抽屉，多主屏，更多的应用程序，以及全功能（暂仅限第一方）小部件。
|
||||
|
||||
Milestone 5中似乎没有计划支持安装21个以上的应用，但在安卓0.9中有一个垂直滚动的应用抽屉，可以通过屏幕底部的灰色标签打开。那时候，应用抽屉真的只是个抽屉。除了作为一个按钮使用，灰色标签还可以跟随你的手指被向上拉起，就像通知面板被拉下来那样。还额外添加了一些应用，像闹钟，计算器，图片，信息，以及照相机。
|
||||
|
||||
这是第一个可以完全自定义主屏幕的版本。长按应用或小部件可以拖动它们。你可以把应用从抽屉中拖出到主屏幕快捷方式或长按一个已经存在的主屏幕快捷方式来移动它。
|
||||
|
||||
安卓0.9提醒我们谷歌那时候并不像今天这样优于设计。实际上，当时安卓的部分设计工作外包给了其它公司。你可以从时钟小插件看出一点端倪，它包含了“MALMO”字样，它是设计公司[The Astonishing Tribe][2]的所在地。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
安卓0.9的“添加到主屏幕”对话框。
|
||||
Ron Amadeo供图
|
||||
|
||||
安卓0.9中只有三个小部件：时钟，相框和搜索。搜索小部件在列表中甚至没有一个自己的图标——它用的是图片的图标。也许这里面最有趣的选项是壁纸选项中的“购买的图片”——一个“在非智能机时购买铃声是个普遍的现象”的遗留产物。谷歌要么准备出售壁纸，要么在某时已经加入了一个运营商。这家公司最终从未实现这个计划。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
小部件集合，打开的文件夹，重命名文件夹，以及一个复制/粘贴菜单。
|
||||
Ron Amadeo供图
|
||||
|
||||
在上面左侧的截图展示了谷歌搜索和图片小部件。除了给你一个框进行输入之外搜索小部件做不了其它事情——它没有自动补全或是附加的UI界面。在框里输入并点击“Go”会启动浏览器。底部的一排图标显示了一些菜单中长按得到的“快捷方式”，它创建了图标并将应用启动到特定屏幕。独立的联系人，浏览器书签，以及音乐播放列表都是0.9中可以被添加到主屏幕上的快捷方式。
|
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||||
“文件夹”是快捷方式标题下的一个选项，尽管它并不是任何东西的快捷方式。一旦创建了一个空文件夹，图标就可以被移动进去并重新排列。不像今天，那时候的文件夹里有什么并不反映在文件夹图标上，它一直是一个简单的，白色的，看起来空空的文件夹图标。
|
||||
|
||||
0.9同样是第一个拥有系统级别复制/粘贴支持的安卓版本。长按任意文本框会唤出一个对话框，从而让你保存或撤销剪贴板中的文本。iOS直到近两年后才支持复制/粘贴，所以在一段时间内，这是安卓的特色之一——以及许多网络争议的源头。
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
从左到右：安卓0.9的新菜单，最近使用应用，电源选项，以及锁屏。
|
||||
Ron Amadeo供图
|
||||
|
||||
安卓0.9真正地开始显示出了它的成熟。主屏幕有完整的菜单选项，包括设置（尽管它还不能正常运作）以及搜索按钮（因为当你搜索的时候谷歌喜欢）。从那时起菜单的设计便已经最终成型，直到安卓2.3它转变成了黑色。
|
||||
|
||||
长按实体Home键会唤出一个3x2方格的最近使用应用菜单，这是一个一直持续到安卓3.0的设计。最近使用应用菜单会将背景显示模糊化，但这个设计用在这里显得有些奇怪，在其它弹窗比如“添加到主屏幕”对话框或是主屏幕文件夹视图之中并没有用到该设计。电源菜单至少包含在了背景模糊设计组之中，它的图标经过了重新设计，并且功能的对应名称更改得更容易让人接受。不过电源菜单图标缺乏填充，显得有些拥挤和不雅观。
|
||||
|
||||
安卓0.9以其锁屏为特色，虽然是非常基础的样子。黑色和灰色的锁屏没有任何屏幕解锁的选项——你需要点击实体菜单键。
|
||||
|
||||
----------
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
[Ron Amadeo][a] / Ron是Ars Technica的评论编缉，专注于安卓系统和谷歌产品。他总是在追寻新鲜事物，还喜欢拆解事物看看它们到底是怎么运作的。
|
||||
|
||||
[@RonAmadeo][t]
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://arstechnica.com/gadgets/2014/06/building-android-a-40000-word-history-of-googles-mobile-os/3/
|
||||
|
||||
译者：[alim0x](https://github.com/alim0x) 校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](http://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[1]:http://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2008/08/robotripping-hands-on-with-the-android-sdk-beta/
|
||||
[2]:http://www.tat.se/
|
||||
[a]:http://arstechnica.com/author/ronamadeo
|
||||
[t]:https://twitter.com/RonAmadeo
|
||||
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Reference in New Issue
Block a user