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6 Reasons Why Linux Users Switch to BSD
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======
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Thus far I have written several articles about [BSD][1] for It’s FOSS. There is always at least one person in the comments asking “Why bother with BSD?” I figure that the best way to respond was to write an article on the topic.
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### Why use BSD over Linux?
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In preparation for this article, I chatted with several BSD users, some of whom moved to BSD after using Linux for years. The points in this article are based on the opinions of real BSD users. This article hopes to offer a different viewpoint.
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![why use bsd over linux][2]
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#### 1\. BSD is More than Just a Kernel
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Several people pointed out that BSD offers an operating system that is one big cohesive package to the end-user. They point out that the named “Linux” refers to just the kernel. A Linux distro consists of the aforementioned kernel and a number of different applications and packages selected by the creator of that distro. Sometimes installing new packages can cause incompatibility, which will lead to system crashes.
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A typical BSD consists of a kernel and all of the packages that it needs to get things done. The majority of these packages are actively developed by the project. This leads to tighter integration and improved responsiveness.
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#### 2\. Packages are More Trustworthy
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Speaking of packages, another point that the BSD users raised was the trustworthiness of packages. In Linux, packages are available from a bunch of different sources, some provided by distro developers and others by third parties. [Ubuntu][3] and [other distros][4] have encountered issues with malware hidden in third-party apps.
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In BSD, all packages are provided by “a centralized package/ports system with every package getting built as part of a single repository with security systems in place each step of the way”. This ensures that a hacker can’t sneak malicious software into a seemingly-safe application and lends to the long-term stability of BSD.
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#### 3\. Slow Change = Better Long-Term Stability
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If development was a race, Linux would be the rabbit and BSD the turtle. Even the slowest Linux distro releases a new version at least once a year (except Debian, of course). In the BSD world, major releases take longer. This means that there is more of a focus on getting things right then getting them pushed out to the user.
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This also means that changes to the operating system happen over time. The Linux world has experienced several rapid and major changes that we still feel to this day (cough, [systemD][5], cough). Like with Debian, long development cycles help BSD to test new ideas to make sure they work properly before making them permanent. It also helps to produce code less likely to have issues.
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#### 4\. Linux is Too Cluttered
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None of the BSD users made this point outright, but it was suggested by many of their experiences. Many of them bounced from Linux distro to Linux distro in the quest to find one that worked for them. In many instances, they could not get all of their hardware or software to work correctly. Then, they decided to give BSD a try and everything just worked.
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When it came to choosing which BSD they were going to use, the choice was fairly easy. There are only half a dozen BSDs that are being actively developed. Of those BSDs, each one has a specific purpose. “[OpenBSD][6] security, [FreeBSD][7] more desktop/server, [NetBSD][8] “run on anything and everything”, [DragonFlyBSD][9] scaling and performance.” Meanwhile, the Linux world is full of distros that just add a theme or icon pack to an existing distro. The smaller number of BSD projects means that there is less duplication of effort and more overall focus.
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#### 5\. ZFS Support
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One BSD user noted that one of the main reasons that he switched to BSD was [ZFS][10]. In fact almost all of the people I talked to mentioned ZFS support on BSD as the reason they did not return to Linux.
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This is an area where Linux will lose out on for the time being. While [OpenZFS][11] is available on some Linux distros, ZFS is built into the BSD kernels. This alone means that ZFS will have better performance on BSD. While there have been several attempts to get ZFS into the Linux kernel, licensing issues will be solved first.
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#### 6\. License
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There was also a difference of opinion on licenses. The general idea held by many is the GPL is not truly free because it put limits on how you can make use of the software. Some also think that the GPL is “too large and difficult to interpret which can lead to legal problems down the road if a person is not careful when developing a product with this license”.
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On the other hand, the BSD license only has three clauses and allows anyone to “take the software, make changes, and do whatever you want with it, but it also offers protection to the developer”.
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#### Conclusion
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These are just a few of the reason why people use BSD over Linux. If you want, you can read some of the other comments [here][12]. If you are a BSD user and feel I missed something important, please comment below.
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If you found this article interesting, please take a minute to share it on social media, Hacker News or [Reddit][13].
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://itsfoss.com/why-use-bsd/
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作者：[John Paul][a]
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选题：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972)
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/john/
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[1]:https://itsfoss.com/category/bsd/
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[2]:https://4bds6hergc-flywheel.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/why-BSD.png
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[3]:https://itsfoss.com/snapstore-cryptocurrency-saga/
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[4]:https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/malware-found-in-arch-linux-aur-package-repository/
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[5]:https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/
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[6]:https://www.openbsd.org/
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[7]:https://www.freebsd.org/
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[8]:http://netbsd.org/
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[9]:http://www.dragonflybsd.org/
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[10]:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZFS
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[11]:http://open-zfs.org/wiki/Main_Page
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[12]:https://discourse.trueos.org/t/why-do-you-guys-use-bsd/2601
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[13]:http://reddit.com/r/linuxusersgroup
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Linux 用户选择 BSD 的 6 个理由
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======
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迄今我因 BSD 是 <ruby>FOSS<rt>Free and Open Source Software</rt></ruby> 已经写了数篇关于它的文章。但总有人会问：＂为什么要纠结于 BSD？＂。我认为最好的办法是写一篇关于这个话题的文章。
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### 为什么在 Linux 上使用 BSD？
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为了准备这篇文章，我与几位使用了多年 Linux 而后转入 BSD 的用户聊了聊。因而这篇文章的观点都来源于真实的 BSD 用户。本文希望提出一个不同的观点。
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![why use bsd over linux][2]
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#### 1\. BSD 不仅仅是一个内核
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几个人都指出 BSD 提供的操作系统对于终端用户来说就是一个巨大的内建的软件包。他们指出 "Linux" 仅仅说的是内核。一个 Linux 发行版由上述的内核与许多由发行者所选取的不同的应用与软件包组成。有时候安装新的软件包所导致的不兼容会使系统产生崩溃。
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一个典型的 BSD 由内核和许多必要的软件包组成。这些包里的大多数是通过活跃的项目所开发。因此其具备高集成度与高响应度的特点。
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#### 2\. 软件包更值得信赖
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说起软件包，BSD 用户提出的另一点是软件包的可信度。在 Linux 上，软件包可以从一堆不同源上获得，一些是发行版的开发者，另一些是第三方。[Ubuntu][3] 和[其他发行版][4]就遇到了在第三方应用里隐藏了恶意软件的问题。
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在 BSD 上，所有的软件包由“每个软件包都作为单个仓库的一部分并且每一步都设有安全系统的集中式软件包/端口系统”所提供。这就确保了黑客不能将恶意软件潜入看似稳定的应用程序中，保障了 BSD 的长期稳定性。
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#### 3\. 更新缓慢 = 更好的长期稳定性
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如果更新是一场竞赛，那么 Linux 就是兔子， BSD 就是乌龟。甚至最慢的 Linux 发行版每年至少发布一个新版本（当然，除了 Debian）。在 BSD 的世界里，主要版本的发布需要更长时间。这就意味着可以更加集中于将事情做完善之后再将它推送给用户。
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这也意味着操作系统的变化会随着时间的推移而发生。Linux 世界经历了数次快速而重大的变化，我们至今仍感觉如此（咳咳， [systemD][5]，咳咳）。就像 Debian 那样，长时间的开发周期帮助 BSD 去测试新的想法，保证在它永久化之前正常工作。它也有助于生产出不太可能出现问题的代码。
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#### 4\. Linux 太乱了
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没有一个 BSD 用户直截了当地指出这一点，但这是他们许多经验所显示出的情况。很多用户从一个 Linux 发行版跳到另一个发行版去寻找适合他的版本。很多情况下，他们无法使所有的软件或硬件正常工作。这时，他们决定尝试使用 BSD，接着，所有的东西都正常工作了。
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当考虑到如何选择 BSD 时，一切就变得相当简单。目前只有一半的 BSD 在积极开发。这些 BSD中的每一个都有特定的用途。“[OpenBSD][6] 更安全，[FreeBSD][7] 适用于桌面或服务器， [NetBSD][8] 无所不包，[DragonFlyBSD][9] 精简高效“。与此同时，Linux 世界充满的许多版本仅仅是在现有的发行版上增加了主题或者图标。BSD 项目数量之少意味着它重复性低并且更加专注。
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#### 5\. ZFS 支持
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一个 BSD 用户说到他选择 BSD 最主要的原因是 [ZFS][10]。事实上，几乎所有我谈过的人都提到 BSD 支持 ZFS 是他们没有返回 Linux 的原因。
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这一点是 Linux 从一开始就处于下风的地方。虽然在一些 Linux 发行版上可以使用 [OpenZFS][11]，但是 ZFS 已经内置在了 BSD 的内核中。这意味着 ZFS 在 BSD 上将会有更好地性能。尽管数次尝试将 ZFS 加入到 Linux 内核中，但协议问题依旧无法解决。
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#### 6\. 协议
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就协议而言也有不同的看法。大多数人所持有的想法是， GPL 不是真正的自由，因为它限制了如何使用软件。一些人也认为 GPL 太庞大而复杂以至于无法作出解释，会在开发过程中不仔细遵守协议而导致法律问题。
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另一方面，BSD 协议只有 3 条，并且允许任何人“使用软件、进行修改、做任何事，并且对开发者提供保护”。
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#### 总结
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这些仅仅只是一小部分人们使用 BSD 而不使用 Linux 的原因。如果你感兴趣，你可以[在这][12]阅读其他人的评论。如果你是 BSD 用户并且觉得我错过什么重要的地方，请在评论里说出你的想法。
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如果你觉得这篇文章有意思，请在社交媒体上、技术资讯或者 [Reddit][13] 上分享它。
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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via: https://itsfoss.com/why-use-bsd/
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作者：[John Paul][a]
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选题：[lujun9972](https://github.com/lujun9972)
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译者：[LuuMing](https://github.com/LuuMing)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/john/
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[1]:https://itsfoss.com/category/bsd/
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[2]:https://4bds6hergc-flywheel.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/08/why-BSD.png
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[3]:https://itsfoss.com/snapstore-cryptocurrency-saga/
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[4]:https://www.bleepingcomputer.com/news/security/malware-found-in-arch-linux-aur-package-repository/
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[5]:https://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/
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[6]:https://www.openbsd.org/
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[7]:https://www.freebsd.org/
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[8]:http://netbsd.org/
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[9]:http://www.dragonflybsd.org/
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[10]:https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZFS
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[11]:http://open-zfs.org/wiki/Main_Page
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[12]:https://discourse.trueos.org/t/why-do-you-guys-use-bsd/2601
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[13]:http://reddit.com/r/linuxusersgroup
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