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+[#]: collector: (lujun9972)
+[#]: translator: ( )
+[#]: reviewer: ( )
+[#]: publisher: ( )
+[#]: url: ( )
+[#]: subject: (Use Postfix to get email from your Fedora system)
+[#]: via: (https://fedoramagazine.org/use-postfix-to-get-email-from-your-fedora-system/)
+[#]: author: (Gregory Bartholomew https://fedoramagazine.org/author/glb/)
+
+Use Postfix to get email from your Fedora system
+======
+
+![][1]
+
+Communication is key. Your computer might be trying to tell you something important. But if your mail transport agent ([MTA][2]) isn’t properly configured, you might not be getting the notifications. Postfix is a MTA [that’s easy to configure and known for a strong security record][3]. Follow these steps to ensure that email notifications sent from local services will get routed to your internet email account through the Postfix MTA.
+
+### Install packages
+
+Use _dnf_ to install the required packages ([you configured][4] _[sudo][4]_[, right?][4]):
+
+```
+$ sudo -i
+# dnf install postfix mailx
+```
+
+If you previously had a different MTA configured, you may need to set Postfix to be the system default. Use the _alternatives_ command to set your system default MTA:
+
+```
+$ sudo alternatives --config mta
+There are 2 programs which provide 'mta'.
+  Selection    Command
+*+ 1           /usr/sbin/sendmail.sendmail
+   2           /usr/sbin/sendmail.postfix
+Enter to keep the current selection[+], or type selection number: 2
+```
+
+### Create a _password_maps_ file
+
+You will need to create a Postfix lookup table entry containing the email address and password of the account that you want to use to for sending email:
+
+```
+# MY_EMAIL_ADDRESS=glb@gmail.com
+# MY_EMAIL_PASSWORD=abcdefghijklmnop
+# MY_SMTP_SERVER=smtp.gmail.com
+# MY_SMTP_SERVER_PORT=587
+# echo "[$MY_SMTP_SERVER]:$MY_SMTP_SERVER_PORT $MY_EMAIL_ADDRESS:$MY_EMAIL_PASSWORD" >> /etc/postfix/password_maps
+# chmod 600 /etc/postfix/password_maps
+# unset MY_EMAIL_PASSWORD
+# history -c
+```
+
+If you are using a Gmail account, you’ll need to configure an “app password” for Postfix, rather than using your gmail password. See “[Sign in using App Passwords][5]” for instructions on configuring an app password.
+
+Next, you must run the _postmap_ command against the Postfix lookup table to create or update the hashed version of the file that Postfix actually uses:
+
+```
+# postmap /etc/postfix/password_maps
+```
+
+The hashed version will have the same file name but it will be suffixed with _.db_.
+
+### Update the _main.cf_ file
+
+Update Postfix’s _main.cf_ configuration file to reference the Postfix lookup table you just created. Edit the file and add these lines.
+
+```
+relayhost = smtp.gmail.com:587
+smtp_tls_security_level = verify
+smtp_tls_mandatory_ciphers = high
+smtp_tls_verify_cert_match = hostname
+smtp_sasl_auth_enable = yes
+smtp_sasl_security_options = noanonymous
+smtp_sasl_password_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/password_maps
+```
+
+The example assumes you’re using Gmail for the _relayhost_ setting, but you can substitute the correct hostname and port for the mail host to which your system should hand off mail for sending.
+
+For the most up-to-date details about the above configuration options, see the man page:
+
+```
+$ man postconf.5
+```
+
+### Enable, start, and test Postfix
+
+After you have updated the main.cf file, enable and start the Postfix service:
+
+```
+# systemctl enable --now postfix.service
+```
+
+You can then exit your _sudo_ session as root using the _exit_ command or **Ctrl+D**. You should now be able to test your configuration with the _mail_ command:
+
+```
+$ echo 'It worked!' | mail -s "Test: $(date)" glb@gmail.com
+```
+
+### Update services
+
+If you have services like [logwatch][6], [mdadm][7], [fail2ban][8], [apcupsd][9] or [certwatch][10] installed, you can now update their configurations so that their email notifications will go to your internet email address.
+
+Optionally, you may want to configure all email that is sent to your local system’s root account to go to your internet email address. Add this line to the _/etc/aliases_ file on your system (you’ll need to use _sudo_ to edit this file, or switch to the _root_ account first):
+
+```
+root: glb+root@gmail.com
+```
+
+Now run this command to re-read the aliases:
+
+```
+# newaliases
+```
+
+  * TIP: If you are using Gmail, you can [add an alpha-numeric mark][11] between your username and the **@** symbol as demonstrated above to make it easier to identify and filter the email that you will receive from your computer(s).
+
+
+
+### Troubleshooting
+
+**View the mail queue:**
+
+```
+$ mailq
+```
+
+**Clear all email from the queues:**
+
+```
+# postsuper -d ALL
+```
+
+**Filter the configuration settings for interesting values:**
+
+```
+$ postconf | grep "^relayhost\|^smtp_"
+```
+
+**View the _postfix/smtp_ logs:**
+
+```
+$ journalctl --no-pager -t postfix/smtp
+```
+
+**Reload _postfix_ after making configuration changes:**
+
+```
+$ systemctl reload postfix
+```
+
+* * *
+
+_Photo by _[_Sharon McCutcheon_][12]_ on [Unsplash][13]_.
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+via: https://fedoramagazine.org/use-postfix-to-get-email-from-your-fedora-system/
+
+作者：[Gregory Bartholomew][a]
+选题：[lujun9972][b]
+译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
+校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
+
+本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
+
+[a]: https://fedoramagazine.org/author/glb/
+[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972
+[1]: https://fedoramagazine.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/postfix-816x345.jpg
+[2]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Message_transfer_agent
+[3]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postfix_(software)
+[4]: https://fedoramagazine.org/howto-use-sudo/
+[5]: https://support.google.com/accounts/answer/185833
+[6]: https://src.fedoraproject.org/rpms/logwatch
+[7]: https://fedoramagazine.org/mirror-your-system-drive-using-software-raid/
+[8]: https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Fail2ban_with_FirewallD
+[9]: https://src.fedoraproject.org/rpms/apcupsd
+[10]: https://www.linux.com/learn/automated-certificate-expiration-checks-centos
+[11]: https://gmail.googleblog.com/2008/03/2-hidden-ways-to-get-more-from-your.html
+[12]: https://unsplash.com/@sharonmccutcheon?utm_source=unsplash&utm_medium=referral&utm_content=creditCopyText
+[13]: https://unsplash.com/search/photos/envelopes?utm_source=unsplash&utm_medium=referral&utm_content=creditCopyText