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[Translated] 20170126 Disable Apache Web Directory Listing Using .htaccess File
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GHLandy Translating
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Disable Apache Web Directory Listing Using .htaccess File
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============================================================
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[Securing your apache web server][3] is one of the most important task, specially when you setting up a new website.
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For example, if you create a new website directory called “**tecmint**” under your Apache server (**/var/www/tecmint** or **/var/www/html/tecmint**) and forgot to place an “**index.html**” file in it, you may surprised to know that all your website visitors can get a complete listing of all your important files and folders simply by typing **http://www.example.com/tecmint** in the browser.
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In this article, we will show you how to disable or prevent directory listing of your Apache web server using **.htaccess** file.
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This is how directory listing will be shown to your visitors when **index.html** not present in it..
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[
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][4]
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Apache Directory Listing
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For starters, **.htaccess** (or **hypertext access**) is a file which enables a website owner to control the server environment variables as well as other vital options to enhance functionality of his/her website(s).
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For additional information about this important file, read the following articles to secure your Apache web server using **.htaccess** method:
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1. [25 Apache Htaccess Tricks to Secure Apache Web Server][1]
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2. [Password Protect Apache Web Directories Using .htaccess File][2]
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Using this simple method, the **.htaccess** file is created in any and/or every directory in the website directory tree and provide features to the top directory, subdirectories and files inside them.
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First of all, activate the **.htaccess** file for your website in master apache configuration file.
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```
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$ sudo vi /etc/apache2/apache2.conf #On Debian/Ubuntu systems
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$ sudo vi /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf #On RHEL/CentOS systems
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```
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Then look for the section below, where the value of the `AllowOverride` directive must be set to `AllowOverride All`.
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```
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<Directory /var/www/html/>
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Options Indexes FollowSymLinks
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AllowOverride All
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</Directory>
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```
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However, if you have an existing **.htaccess** file, make a backup of it as follows; assuming you have it in **/var/www/html/tecmint/**( and want to disable listing of this directory):
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```
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$ sudo cp /var/www/html/tecmint/.htaccess /var/www/html/tecmint/.htaccess.orig
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```
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Then you can open (or create ) it in the particular directory for modification using your favorite editor, and add the line below to turn off Apache directory listing:
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```
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Options -Indexes
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```
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Next restart the Apache web server:
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```
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-------- On SystemD based systems --------
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$ sudo systemctl restart apache2
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$ sudo systemctl restart httpd
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-------- On SysVInit based systems --------
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$ sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart
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$ sudo /etc/init.d/httpd restart
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```
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Now verify the result by typing **http://www.example.com/tecmint** in the browser, you should get a message similar to the following.
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[
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][5]
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Apache Directory Listing Disabled
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That’s all! In this article, we described how to disable directory listing in Apache web server using **.htaccess** file. We will also cover two other useful as well as easy methods for the same purpose in upcoming articles, until then, stay connected.
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As usual, make use of the feedback form below to send us your thoughts about this tutorial.
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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作者简介：
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Aaron Kili is a Linux and F.O.S.S enthusiast, an upcoming Linux SysAdmin, web developer, and currently a content creator for TecMint who loves working with computers and strongly believes in sharing knowledge.
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-------------------------------------
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via: http://www.tecmint.com/disable-apache-directory-listing-htaccess/
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作者：[Aaron Kili][a]
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译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
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[a]:http://www.tecmint.com/author/aaronkili/
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[1]:http://www.tecmint.com/apache-htaccess-tricks/
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[2]:http://www.tecmint.com/password-protect-apache-web-directories-using-htaccess/
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[3]:http://www.tecmint.com/apache-security-tips/
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[4]:http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/Apache-Directory-Listing.png
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[5]:http://www.tecmint.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/Apache-Directory-Listing-Disabled.png
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@ -0,0 +1,90 @@
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使用 .htaccess 文件禁用 Web 目录列举
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===========
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[确保 Apache web 服务器安全][3] 是最重要的任务之一，特别是在你的网站刚刚搭建好的时侯。
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比方说，如果你 Apache 服务目录 (**/var/www/tecmint** or **/var/www/html/tecmint**) 下创建一个名为“**tecmint**”的目录，并且忘记在该目录放置“**index.html**”，你会惊奇的发现所有访问者都可以在浏览器输入 **http://www.example.com/tecmint** 来完整列举所以在该目录的重要文件和文件夹。
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本文将为你展示如何使用 **.htaccess** 文件禁用或阻止 Apache 服务器目录列举。
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一下便是不存在 **index.html** ，且未采取防范措施前，目录的列举详情。
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[][4]
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Apache 目录列举
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首先，**.htaccess** (**超文本 access**) 是一个文件，可以让站点管理员控制服务器的环境变量以及其他的重要选项，用以增强他/她的站点功能。
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预知更多关于该重要文件的信息，请阅读以下文章，以便通过 **.htaccess** 的方法来确保 Apache Web 服务器的安全。
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1. [确保 Apache Web 服务器安全的 25 条 .htaccess 设置技巧][1]
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2. [使用 .htaccess 为 Apache Web 目录进行密码保护][2]
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使用这一简单方法，在站点目录树中的 任意/每个 目录创建 **.htaccess** 文件，以便为站点该目录、子目录和其中的文件提供保护支持。
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首先要 Apache 主配置文件中为你的站点启用 **.htaccess** 文件。
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```
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$ sudo vi /etc/apache2/apache2.conf #Debian/Ubuntu 系统
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$ sudo vi /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf #RHEL/CentOS 系统
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```
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然后寻找以下部分，其中 `AllowOverride` 指令必须设置为 `AllowOverride All`。
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```
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<Directory /var/www/html/>
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Options Indexes FollowSymLinks
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AllowOverride All
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</Directory>
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```
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如果已存在 **.htaccess** 文件，先备份(如下)，假设文件在 **/var/www/html/tecmint/** (并要禁用该目录列举)：
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```
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$ sudo cp /var/www/html/tecmint/.htaccess /var/www/html/tecmint/.htaccess.orig
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```
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然后你就可以在某个特定的目录使用你喜欢的编辑器打开 (或创建) 它，以便修改。并添加以下内容来关闭目录列举。
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```
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Options -Indexes
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```
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下一步就是重启 Apache Web 服务器：
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```
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-------- 使用 SystemD 的系统 --------
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$ sudo systemctl restart apache2
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$ sudo systemctl restart httpd
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-------- 使用 systems 的系统 --------
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$ sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart
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$ sudo /etc/init.d/httpd restart
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```
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现在来验证效果，在浏览器中输入：**http://www.example.com/tecmint**，你会得打类似如下的信息：
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[][5]
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Apache 目录列举已禁用
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至此，文毕。在本文中，我们描述了如何使用 **.htaccess** 文件来禁用 Apache Web 服务器的目录列举。之后我们会介绍两种同样简单的我方法来实现这一相同目的。随时保持联系。
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像往常一样，在下方反馈表单中给我们发送关于本文的任何想法。
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--------------
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作者简介：
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Aaron Kili 是一名 Linux 和 F.O.S.S 忠实拥护者、未来的 Linux 系统管理员、Web 开发者，目前是 TecMint 的原创作者，热衷于计算机并乐于知识分享。
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-------------
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译者简介：
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[GHLandy](http://GHLandy.com) - 生活中所以欢乐与苦闷都应藏在心中，有些事儿注定无人知晓，自己也无从说起。
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-------------
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via: http://www.tecmint.com/disable-apache-directory-listing-htaccess/
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作者：[Aaron Kili][a]
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译者：[GHLandy](https://github.com/GHLandy)
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校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
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本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProje) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn) 荣誉推出
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