diff --git a/translated/tech/20201212 Power up your Linux terminal text editor with ed.md b/published/20201212 Power up your Linux terminal text editor with ed.md similarity index 83% rename from translated/tech/20201212 Power up your Linux terminal text editor with ed.md rename to published/20201212 Power up your Linux terminal text editor with ed.md index 0285b15ff1..c7cd6df825 100644 --- a/translated/tech/20201212 Power up your Linux terminal text editor with ed.md +++ b/published/20201212 Power up your Linux terminal text editor with ed.md @@ -1,35 +1,35 @@ [#]: collector: (lujun9972) [#]: translator: (lkxed) -[#]: reviewer: ( ) -[#]: publisher: ( ) -[#]: url: ( ) +[#]: reviewer: (wxy) +[#]: publisher: (wxy) +[#]: url: (https://linux.cn/article-14431-1.html) [#]: subject: (Power up your Linux terminal text editor with ed) [#]: via: (https://opensource.com/article/20/12/gnu-ed) [#]: author: (Seth Kenlon https://opensource.com/users/seth) -使用 ed 来启动你的 Linux 终端文本编辑器 +在 Linux 终端上使用行编辑器 ed ====== -这个看似简单的编辑器为用户提供了许多易于学习和使用的命令。 -![Terminal command prompt on orange background][1] + +> 这个看似简单的编辑器为用户提供了许多易于学习和使用的命令。 + +![](https://img.linux.net.cn/data/attachment/album/202204/04/145334l9w92ngiccginicn.jpg) GNU `ed` 命令是一个行编辑器。它被认为是标准的 Unix 文本编辑器，因为它是首个出现在 Unix 的文本编辑器，并且它曾经无处不在，你在任何一个 POSIX 系统中都能找到它（通常来说，你现在也可以）。在某种程度上，你可以很容易看出来它是第一个文本编辑器，因为它在许多方面的功能都十分基础。和其他大多数的文本编辑器不同，它不会打开一个属于自己的窗口或显示区域，事实上，在默认情况下，它甚至不会提示用户输入文字。从另一个方面来说，它在交互功能上的缺失也可以成为一个优点。它是一个多功能的编辑器，你可以用简短的命令控制它，无论是在交互式的命令行中，还是在编写的 shell 脚本里。 ### 安装 ed -如果你正在使用 Linux 或者 BSD 的话，你很可能已经默认安装了 `ed`（在 Linux 上是 GNU 的 `ed`，而在 BSD 上是 BSD 的 `ed`）。但是，一些极简的环境可能没有包括 `ed`，这也没关系，你的发行版的软件仓库中很可能有 `ed` 可供下载。macOS 默认安装了 BSD 的 `ed`。 +如果你正在使用 Linux 或者 BSD 的话，你很可能已经默认安装了 `ed`（在 Linux 上是 GNU 版 `ed`，而在 BSD 上是 BSD 版 `ed`）。但是，一些极简的环境可能没有包括 `ed`，这也没关系，你的发行版的软件仓库中很可能有 `ed` 可供下载。macOS 默认安装了 BSD 版 `ed`。 ### 启动 ed 当你启动 `ed` 的时候，你的终端提示符不见了，看起来好像是 `ed` 停止运行了。其实它没有，它只是在等待你输入指令而已。 - ``` $ ed ``` 为使 `ed` 显示更详细的信息，你可以输入命令 `p` 让它返回一个提示符： - ``` $ ed p @@ -40,13 +40,12 @@ p ### 缓冲区 -当 `ed` 激活时，你其实是在和一个叫 _缓冲区buffer_ 的东西打交道。缓冲区是内存中的一块区域。你并不会直接编辑文件，而是在编辑它对应的缓冲区。当你退出 `ed` 却没有把修改保存到磁盘的文件上时，所有的修改都会丢失，因为它们只在缓冲区里存在。（这听起来可能很耳熟，如果你是一个习惯了初始抓取缓冲区initial scratch buffer的有经验的 Emacs 用户的话。） +当 `ed` 激活时，你其实是在和一个叫 缓冲区buffer 的东西打交道。缓冲区是内存中的一块区域。你并不会直接编辑文件，而是在编辑它对应的缓冲区。当你退出 `ed` 却没有把修改保存到磁盘的文件上时，所有的修改都会丢失，因为它们只在缓冲区里存在。（这对于一个已经习惯了初始的 草图缓冲区scratch buffer 的资深 Emacs 用户可能很耳熟。） -### 使用 `ed` 输入文本 +### 使用 ed 输入文本 启动 `ed` 后，你处于命令模式。这意味着你可以向编辑器发送指令，比如让它显示一个提示符，而不是空白区域。你可以使用 `a` 命令开始附加文本到当前的缓冲区，使用一个实心的点 `.` 来终止输入。比如，下面的这个例子往缓冲区里附加了两行文字（“hello world” 和 “hello ed”）： - ``` ? a @@ -61,7 +60,6 @@ hello ed 怎样查看当前缓冲区里都有什么呢？你可以输入想要查看的行号，也可以使用 `,p` 命令来显示所有的行： - ``` ? 1 @@ -77,7 +75,6 @@ hello ed 如果你现在对文本很满意，你可以使用 `w` 命令把缓冲区写入到文件中，后面跟上目标文件名： - ``` ? w example.txt @@ -90,7 +87,6 @@ w example.txt 除了使用 `ed` 来读取文本，你也可以使用 `r` 命令把一个已经存在的文件加载到到缓冲区里： - ``` ? r myfile.txt @@ -98,7 +94,6 @@ r myfile.txt 另外，你也可以在启动 `ed` 时，在它后面加上你想要加载到缓冲区里的文件名： - ``` $ ed myfile.txt ``` @@ -107,7 +102,6 @@ $ ed myfile.txt 鉴于 `ed` 是一个文本编辑器，你当然可以使用一种特殊的语法来编辑缓冲区里的文本。使用 `sed` 或 `vim` 的用户或许会觉得这个语法很熟悉。假设现在缓冲区里已经加载了一个文件： - ``` $ ed myfile.txt ,p @@ -116,8 +110,7 @@ There is some text, but not much. There is some errors, but not much. ``` -如果你要把第一句话中的 `document` 修改为 `file`，你可以先选择目标行（1），然后使用 `s` 命令调用搜索函数，后面跟着搜索文本和替换文本： - +如果你要把第一句话中的 `document` 修改为 `file`，你可以先选择目标行（`1`），然后使用 `s` 命令调用搜索函数，后面跟着搜索文本和替换文本： ``` ? @@ -130,7 +123,6 @@ This is an example file. 如果你要编辑其他行，步骤也是一样的，只需提供一个不同的行号即可： - ``` ? 3 @@ -141,7 +133,6 @@ s/much/many/ 你可以使用 `,p` 命令来看到你对缓冲区的历史编辑记录： - ``` This is an example file. There is some text, but not much. @@ -150,7 +141,6 @@ There are some errors, but not many. 当然，这些修改只存在于缓冲区里。你如果在 `ed` 编辑器外查看这个文件，你只会看到原始的文本： - ``` $ cat myfile.txt This is an example document. @@ -160,7 +150,6 @@ There is some errors, but not much. 如果你要把这些修改保存回文件中，使用 `w` 命令即可： - ``` w myfile.txt 258 @@ -170,7 +159,6 @@ w myfile.txt 如果想要得到一个新的缓冲区，以此来打开一个新的文件，或者把一个新的文件加载到不同的环境中，你可以使用 `c` 命令。使用这个清空缓冲区后，什么也不会输出，因为缓冲已经是空的了： - ``` c ,p @@ -191,7 +179,7 @@ via: https://opensource.com/article/20/12/gnu-ed 作者：[Seth Kenlon][a] 选题：[lujun9972][b] 译者：[lkxed](https://github.com/lkxed) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 diff --git a/translated/talk/20220308 5 Things to Know When Someone Says Linux is Tough.md b/published/20220308 5 Things to Know When Someone Says Linux is Tough.md similarity index 64% rename from translated/talk/20220308 5 Things to Know When Someone Says Linux is Tough.md rename to published/20220308 5 Things to Know When Someone Says Linux is Tough.md index 75781fe75f..68ad902522 100644 --- a/translated/talk/20220308 5 Things to Know When Someone Says Linux is Tough.md +++ b/published/20220308 5 Things to Know When Someone Says Linux is Tough.md @@ -3,58 +3,60 @@ [#]: author: "Ankush Das https://news.itsfoss.com/author/ankush/" [#]: collector: "lujun9972" [#]: translator: "aREversez" -[#]: reviewer: " " -[#]: publisher: " " -[#]: url: " " +[#]: reviewer: "wxy" +[#]: publisher: "wxy" +[#]: url: "https://linux.cn/article-14429-1.html" Linux 太难了？你需要知道这 5 点 ====== -如果只有 Windows, macOS, Linux 三种操作系统可供选择，那么大多数人应该都不怎么会考虑 Linux 系统。 +> Linux 很难吗？为什么人们认为它很难？我们重点分析了一些常见的问题，并对其进行了说明，让你觉得它没那么难。 -服务器一般都会使用 Linux 操作系统，但普通用户的选择则恰好相反。 +![](https://i0.wp.com/news.itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/linux-is-tough.png?w=1200&ssl=1) -很多人只是从别人那儿听来的，都没有亲自试过，就觉得 Linux 太难了。 +如果只有 Windows、macOS、Linux 三种操作系统可供选择，那么大多数人应该都不怎么会考虑 Linux 系统。 + +Linux 一般用在服务器上，但对普通用户台式机和笔记本电脑来说，情况并非如此。 + +更糟糕的是，很多人只是从别人那儿听来的，都没有亲自试过，就觉得 Linux 太难了。 但是 Linux 真有那么难吗？若果真如此，Linux 到底难在哪里呢？ ### Linux 难学吗？ -与 Windows 和 macOS 相比，Linux（这里指 Linux 发行版）确实有很多独特之处。 +与 Windows 和 macOS 相比，Linux（这里指 Linux 发行版）确实有很多根本不同。 但也多亏了这些差别，Linux 发行版具备了 [Windows][1] 与 [macOS][2] 所不具备的的许多优势。 另外，Linux 基本可以满足你的日常需要。在很多情况下，Linux 操作系统的用户界面与 Windows 或者 macOS 的相差并不大，所以用起来也相当方便。 -**不信？** 请看这篇：[与 Windows 相似的 Linux 发行版][3] +**不信？** 请看这篇：《[与 Windows 相似的 Linux 发行版][3]》 那么，Linux 有哪些方面会让用户望而却步呢？ 在这篇文章中，我将讨论 Linux 让新用户们普遍犯难的问题，希望可以借此让他们对 Linux 有所改观。 -### 1\. 软件安装与软件包管理 +### 1、软件安装与软件包管理 ![][4] -在 Linux 上，安装软件（或软件包）的方法有很多。 +在 Linux 上，安装软件（软件包）的方法有很多。 你可以从软件中心安装，也可以在终端进行安装，或者从官方软件源下载软件包然后自行手动安装。 -再或者，你甚至可以通过[编译源码实现软件安装][5]。 +再或者，你甚至可以通过 [编译源码来安装软件][5]。 -与 Windows 或者 macOS 不同，Linux 系统可不会使用 EXE 文件或 **dmg** 文件。 +与 Windows 或者 macOS 不同，Linux 系统可不会使用 EXE 文件或 dmg 文件。 -对于不同的 Linux 发行版，软件包也会有所不同。例如，[DEB 文件可以安装在 Ubuntu 上][6]。 +对于不同的 Linux 发行版，软件包也会有所不同。例如，[DEB 文件可以安装在 Ubuntu 上][6]。而在 Fedora 系统下，需要 [安装 RPM 文件][7]。 -而在 Fedora 系统下，需要[安装 RPM 文件][7]。 +在这种情况下，[Flatpak][8] 和 Snap 应运而生，使得软件安装更为便捷。如果一款软件有对应的 Flatpak 软件包或者 Snap 软件包，你就可以把它安装在任意一种 Linux 发行版上。 -在这种情况下，[Flatpak][8] 和 Snaps 应运而生，使得软件安装更为便捷。如果一款软件有对应的 Flatpak 软件包或者 Snaps 软件包，你就可以把它安装在任意一种 Linux 发行版上。 - -不过，一些 Linux 发行版可能需要用户自行[安装 Flatpak][9] 或者 [Snaps][10]，因为这些发行版默认情况下可能并不支持它们。 +不过，一些 Linux 发行版可能需要用户自行 [安装 Flatpak][9] 或者 [Snap][10]，因为这些发行版默认情况下可能并不支持它们。 所以你要明白，由于 Linux 有很多不同的发行版本，软件安装方式以及软件包的类型也会存在许多区别。不过，只要了解某个发行版所支持的软件包格式以及安装方法，安装软件就简单多了。 -### 2\. “终端恐惧症” +### 2、“终端恐惧症” ![][16] @@ -62,17 +64,15 @@ Linux 太难了？你需要知道这 5 点 可能也就是在故障排除的时候，会需要使用命令行。但在 Linux 系统下，终端的使用频率却非常高。 -即便是在[最好用的 Linux 发行版][11]上，你可能也会经常打开终端，输入命令来执行一些任务，比如： +即便是在 [最好用的 Linux 发行版][11] 上，你可能也会经常打开终端，输入命令来执行一些任务，比如： * 更新软件包列表 - * 通过软件中心移除未安装的软件 - * 添加软件仓库，安装软件 + * 移除一个不是通过软件中心安装的软件 + * 添加一个软件仓库来安装软件 +从技术层面讲，你不需要学习复杂的命令，但是知道一些如何卸载软件包或者安装 Flatpak 程序的命令，就会很方便。 - -从技术层面讲，你不需要学习复杂的命令，只需记住如何卸载软件包或者安装 Flatpak 程序，就够用了。 - -通常情况下，软件的官网上会列出安装命令或者说明。针对故障排除，有时也可以在社区论坛上找到需要输入的命令。 +通常情况下，软件的官网上会列出安装命令或者说明。针对故障排除，有时也可以在社区论坛上找到需要输入的确切命令。 所以说，你根本不需要去“记”什么，上网一搜，应有尽有。 @@ -80,13 +80,13 @@ Linux 太难了？你需要知道这 5 点 最终，这些人只要碰到与 Linux 相关的东西，就避而远之，再也提不起兴趣。 -### 3\. 安装显卡驱动 +### 3、安装显卡驱动 ![][17] -macOS 不支持第三方显卡，这就意味着它无法实现虚拟化（尤其是 ARM），也无法用来玩游戏。所以，我们应该放弃 macOS，使用 Windows。 +macOS 不支持第三方显卡，这就意味着它无法实现虚拟化（尤其是 ARM），也无法用来玩游戏。所以，我们这里不谈 macOS，来看看 Windows。 -另一方面，Windows 和 Linux 一样，都支持游戏和虚拟化技术。如果你用它们不只是看看视频，那就需要安装显卡驱动，实现功能。 +Windows 和 Linux 一样，都支持游戏和虚拟化技术。如果你用它们不只是看看视频，那就需要安装显卡驱动来支持这些功能。 在 Windows 上，你需要下载安装显卡的对应驱动。大多数情况下，首次安装的过程中并不会出现问题。 @@ -94,39 +94,37 @@ macOS 不支持第三方显卡，这就意味着它无法实现虚拟化（尤 如果你的 Linux 发行版带有驱动管理器功能，比如 Linux Mint 操作系统，那事情就简单了。 -如果没有的话，你可能需要下载适合自己系统的显卡驱动，格式为 ISO 文件。 +如果没有的话，你可能需要下载一个包含适合自己系统的显卡驱动的 ISO 文件。 总的来说，如果你使用了主流的 Linux 发行版，那么安装显卡驱动并不是一件难事；但是如果你使用的不是主流的发行版，你可能需要在安装之前好好查一查。 -### 4\. 软件支持 +### 4、软件支持 Windows 和 macOS 上的应用并不一定都有对应的 Linux 版本。 -如果软件提供了跨平台支持，就有可能提供 Ubuntu, Fedora 以及 Arch 等 Linux 发行版的对应版本。否则，就只能去找这些软件的替代品了。 +如果软件提供了跨平台支持，就有可能提供 Ubuntu、Fedora 以及 Arch 等 Linux 发行版的对应版本。否则，就只能去找这些软件的替代品了。 所以，很多软件不支持 Linux 系统，就给用户带来了较差的使用体验。 -不过，我们列出了一份内容丰富的[必备软件清单][12]，相信能帮助你更好地使用 Linux 系统。 +不过，我们列出了一份内容丰富的 [必备软件清单][12]，相信能帮助你更好地使用 Linux 系统。 遗憾的是，一些用户没有意识到这一点，仍然不愿意去尝试替代软件。 -### 5\. 调整外部设备与部件 +### 5、调整外围设备与部件 ![][18] -操作难度和软件支持并不是问题的全部，管理调整电脑外部硬件设备也是一个重要方面。 +操作难度和软件支持并不是问题的全部，管理和调整电脑外围硬件设备也是一个重要方面。 雷蛇、海盗船以及华硕等许多硬件公司没有为 Linux 提供相应的官方支持。 -因此，当用户意识到自己无法那么便捷地管理电脑的 RGB 灯条、风扇配置文件以及冷却设备，他们自然也就不会考虑使用 Linux。 +因此，当用户意识到自己无法那么便捷地管理电脑的 RGB 灯条、风扇配置文件以及冷却设备时，他们自然也就不会考虑使用 Linux。 不过你要知道，已经有许多工具可以帮助你应对这一问题，比如： * [配置游戏鼠标][13] * [调整雷蛇外部设备][14] - * [监控控制冷却设备][15] - - + * [监控和控制冷却设备][15] 这些工具可能不是官方提供的，但是它们适用于很多外部设备与组件。因此，如果你是因为外部设备和部件没有官方支持而放弃使用 Linux，那么你可以尝试这些工具。 @@ -136,13 +134,13 @@ Windows 和 macOS 上的应用并不一定都有对应的 Linux 版本。 要记住，尝试一款陌生的操作系统总是伴随着新的挑战，需要一定的时间来适应。 -Linux 作为一款桌面操作系统，相较于以前，操作难度降低不小。**Ubuntu, Pop!_OS, Linux Mint, Linux Lite** 以及其他 Linux 发行版能让用户更容易上手。 +Linux 作为一款桌面操作系统，相较于以前，操作难度降低不小。像 Ubuntu、 Pop!_OS、 Linux Mint、 Linux Lite 之类的 Linux 发行版能让用户更容易上手。 即便 Linux 有了那么多的改善与提升，还是有很多用户不愿意使用它，所以我们想让你了解 Linux 并没有你想象的那么难用。 -_如果你的朋友还在纠结上述原因而不肯尝试 Linux，我推荐你把这篇文章分享给他，帮助他进一步了解并使用 Linux。_ +如果你的朋友还在纠结上述原因而不肯尝试 Linux，我推荐你把这篇文章分享给他，帮助他进一步了解并使用 Linux。 -_请在下方评论留言。_ +请在下方评论留言。 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- @@ -150,8 +148,8 @@ via: https://news.itsfoss.com/things-to-know-linux-is-tough/ 作者：[Ankush Das][a] 选题：[lujun9972][b] -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/aREversez) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) +译者：[aREversez](https://github.com/aREversez) +校对：[wxy](https://github.com/wxy) 本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 diff --git a/sources/talk/20220403 Is this the End of the road for elementary OS.md b/sources/talk/20220403 Is this the End of the road for elementary OS.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..f002c7ee1a --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/talk/20220403 Is this the End of the road for elementary OS.md @@ -0,0 +1,83 @@ +[#]: subject: "Is this the End of the road for elementary OS?" +[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/04/end-of-elementary-os/" +[#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/" +[#]: collector: "lujun9972" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +Is this the End of the road for elementary OS? +====== +Cassidy James, the founder of elementary OS, has resigned from his role +as per his recent note. Here’s our take on this topic with possible +future. +Cassidy James, the founder of elementary OS, has resigned from his role as per his recent note. Here’s our take on this topic with possible future. + +![elementary OS 6 ODIN Desktop][1] + +When elementary OS was first released a decade back, it was a radical step in the Linux Desktop space. Cassidy had a vision that the developers and contributors since, and it’s been adopted by users worldwide. Its Pantheon Desktop is one of the best desktops designed from the ground up with aesthetics and productivity in mind. + +Over the years, elementary has grown. The user base and popularity have increased because it was stable, based on Ubuntu LTS and a perfect desktop for those who want a macOS like a user interface in Linux. The Flatpak based App Store is one of the best app stores in the Linux ecosystem with curated applications. + +But all these good works and user feedback are not profitable if you run a company with free software unless you have a corporate backup and other revenue models. + +### Why this situation and is this the end of the elementary OS? + +The elementary has a “pay for a download” revenue model, which is optional. But with the pandemic situation for two years, the revenue from the sales dropped, and the leadership had cut short the salaries of the full-time employees and medical benefits to sustain the company. + +_“Each release since I joined elementary full time performed even better sales-wise than the last, until OS 6 and 6.1 which performed far worse than expected, likely in part due to the ongoing global pandemic—people were seemingly less likely to pay an optional amount to download an operating system when they could just get it for free. It became clear we needed to re-prioritize our company finances while staying firm in our open-source, privacy-centric, and ethical funding beliefs,”_ said Cassidy in his farewell note. + +The pandemic hit everyone and everything financially across the world. The [elementary OS 6 Odin][2] release did not go well. There were some bugs, issues with Nvidia cards and other problems – the Covid pandemic and lack of contribution impacted the quality of the software. This eventually impacted the optional paid download revenue. + +The optional paid download model, the GitHub sponsorship, is insufficient to sustain a business or a large scale project. If you look at other open-source mainstream projects – such as Fedora Linux, GNOME, KDE Plasma – they all have substantial corporate donations from big enterprises such as Red Hat, IBM, Google, etc. And there is a reason for it. All these big corporations have commercial benefits from these open source projects down the line. But things were a little different for elementary OS. + +[][3] + +SEE ALSO:   elementary OS 6 Beta Released. Download and Test Now! + +Cassidy also writes, _“As a result, Dani has asked me to resign and completely step away from elementary. When seeking out another position, this was not my intention, but Dani has been adamant. In the end, I have decided that the best course of action is indeed for me to move on; I’m giving up on my decade-plus passion for elementary and have accepted an offer for Dani to be the sole, 100% owner of elementary, Inc. I’ve signed my resignation. As of today, she now owns the entirety of the company shares and responsibility. I wish her the best in continuing its legacy.”_ + +### Looking Ahead + +Honestly, I can feel Cassidy’s emotion in his farewell note. It isn’t easy to give up a project or passion you have built over the years. There are countless hours you invest in a vision for the greater good of the community. Your emotions are attached to it. And it isn’t easy to give up. + +No one can predict the future. So, we don’t know what will happen to the elementary OS as a project in the coming days. When this situation occurs, an open-source company eventually becomes a community project with a much wider audience and contributions. I feel the new leaders need to look at the future road map of elementary in Linux Distribution or Desktop space. + +Because GNOME 42+ with GTK4/libadwaita looks promising, the elementary OS may lose its user base to GNOME. In this scenario, the only selling point is the Pantheon Desktop, which needs to be more polished and marketable while the new leadership looks for better revenue models. + +We hope, as a community, the elementary OS continues to push releases, if required, to make it a community project without the GitHub sponsorship wall. And I think looking for funding or donations from enterprises also can be one of the long term options to sustain. + +No open-source project should be discontinued. I hope the new leadership should look for a better revenue model to sustain the project. Nothing is impossible if you keep a positive mind. + +So, what are your opinions about this entire situation? Let me know in the comment box down below. + +Cheers. + +_Via [Cassidy’s blog][4]_ + +* * * + +We bring the latest tech, software news and stuff that matters. Stay in touch via [Telegram][5], [Twitter][6], [YouTube][7], and [Facebook][8] and never miss an update! + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/04/end-of-elementary-os/ + +作者：[Arindam][a] +选题：[lujun9972][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/ +[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 +[1]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/elementary-OS-6-ODIN-Desktop-1024x576.jpeg +[2]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/08/elementary-os-6-odin-review/ +[3]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/05/elementary-os-6-beta/ +[4]: https://cassidyjames.com/blog/farewell-elementary/ +[5]: https://t.me/debugpoint +[6]: https://twitter.com/DebugPoint +[7]: https://www.youtube.com/c/debugpoint?sub_confirmation=1 +[8]: https://facebook.com/DebugPoint diff --git a/sources/tech/20210812 A guide to the Linux terminal for beginners.md b/sources/tech/20210812 A guide to the Linux terminal for beginners.md index 1bdf2b16a6..66c071e7dc 100644 --- a/sources/tech/20210812 A guide to the Linux terminal for beginners.md +++ b/sources/tech/20210812 A guide to the Linux terminal for beginners.md @@ -2,7 +2,7 @@ [#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/21/8/linux-terminal" [#]: author: "Seth Kenlon https://opensource.com/users/seth" [#]: collector: "lujun9972" -[#]: translator: " " +[#]: translator: "lkxed" [#]: reviewer: " " [#]: publisher: " " [#]: url: " " diff --git a/sources/tech/20220114 Installing Arch Linux Using archinstall Automated Script -Complete Guide.md b/sources/tech/20220114 Installing Arch Linux Using archinstall Automated Script -Complete Guide.md deleted file mode 100644 index a67513fdaf..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/20220114 Installing Arch Linux Using archinstall Automated Script -Complete Guide.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,195 +0,0 @@ -[#]: subject: "Installing Arch Linux Using archinstall Automated Script [Complete Guide]" -[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/01/archinstall-guide/" -[#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/" -[#]: collector: "lujun9972" -[#]: translator: " " -[#]: reviewer: " " -[#]: publisher: " " -[#]: url: " " - -Installing Arch Linux Using archinstall Automated Script [Complete Guide] -====== -IN THIS GUIDE, WE EXPLAIN THE SUPER EASY WAY OF INSTALLING ARCH LINUX -USING AUTOMATED SCRIPT ARCHINSTALL. INTENDED FOR BEGINNER TO ADVANCED -USERS. -Installing Arch Linux is still troublesome for many new users. It requires a fair amount of knowledge of the commands, inner working of a Linux system including boot process, Kernel and Grub concepts. And these are not known to many. But new users still want to install and experience Arch Linux. - -I personally feel that operating system installation should be always simple in this age of computing. Things should be abstracted to the end user as much as possible. After all, all operating system exists for only one purpose – to help the end user to perform certain tasks and help them. - -### What is the archinstall automated script? - -That said, we covered installing Arch Linux as a bare metal system a while back. Since then, the Arch Linux team came up with an automated and interactive script called [archinstall][1]. This script is far easy way to install Arch Linux today, can can be done by anyone. - -That leads us to the intent of this Arch Linux installation guide, using this automated script called archinstall. - -Let’s dig in. - -### Guide to install Arch Linux using archinstall script - -I would split this guide in three sections. First download Arch Linux .ISO file, create a disk with boot. Second is the actual installation and finally configuration with an example desktop. - -#### Section 1: Download .ISO file - -Visit the below link. Download the .ISO file of Arch Linux. You can go for a direct HTTP download or use torrent/magnet files. - -[Download Arch Linux][2] - -Once downloaded, create a bootable USB stick using [Etcher][3] or some other utility. - -Once done, plug-in the USB stick and boot from it. - -Before you begin the next section, make sure you are connected to the internet. In general, if you are in a wired network, you should be good. If you need to configure Wi-Fi via command line in Arch – [follow this guide][4]. Just make sure you are connected to internet. - -#### Section 2: Install using archinstall - -Once boot is complete, you should see a prompt like below. Type `archinstall` and hit enter. - -![First prompt for archinstall][5] - -The command will check for internet connectivity to the Arch Linux mirrors. And once done, a series of questions (like this) will pop up. All you have to do is read and respond. - -So, for this guide, I give the most basic and easy ones to get you started. You can also experiment with other options if you are confident. But I recommend follow the basic options as outlined below, and next time you can experiment. - -Fair enough? Okay. - -So, the first question is Keyboard Layout type. It is shown by the two byte country specific layout codes. You can either type that or the number beside it. For English-US, I entered us. - -![Keyboard Type – archinstall][6] - -Next is Keyboard Language, for which I entered 65 for the United States. - -![Keyboard Language – archinstall][7] - -Next up is the hard drive selection. The script auto-detects the available drives in your target system. For example, in the below image, it shows 17 GB /dev/vda is the main block device. That is where I am going to install the system. Do not skip this step. - -[][8] - -SEE ALSO:   How to Install Cinnamon Desktop in Arch Linux - -For this guide, I have entered 2 which is for /dev/vda. So, enter the number as per your system. - -Once you do that, you should see a double arrow >> beside the device to configure. If you are done, hit enter to proceed. - -![Choose Block Device -1][9] - -![Choose Block Device -2][10] - -In the next option, be very careful. The script asks whether you want to erase the device and go for an auto partition. Or you want to manually partition the drive. For the sake of simplicity, I selected option 0. - -![Select partition option – archinstall][11] - -In the next set of questions, follow as in the image below. It’s more of the file system type, host name, root password, etc. Follow the on-screen instructions. For your help, I have added the questions and their answers used for this guide in the below table. - -Question | Option ----|--- -Question | Option -Select main file system | ext4 -Would you like to use swap on zram? | n -Enter disk encyption password | keep it blank (hit enter) -hostname or the computer name | Enter any name you want -Enter root password | Enter the password you want -Enter a pre-programmed profile name – -0 – desktop -1 – minimal -2 – server -3 – xorg | Choose 3 – xorg -Install graphics driver | Choose as per your system. Or hit enter without any option for default -Install Audio Server | Choose pulseaudio - -![Various options in archinstall -1][12] - -In the next question of choosing a Kernel, choose linux. And enter the name of any additional packages you would like this script to install for you – such as firefox, nano, etc. - -Select the network interface as NetworkManager and choose default options for timezone. - -![Various options in archinstall -2][13] - -And that’s about it. Once you are done, the script would generate and wait for you to hit enter to start the installation process. - -![archinstall starts downloading packages][14] - -Wait until this step finishes. It takes some time to download and install all the packages, depends on your system and internet connection speed. Sometimes Arch mirrors are slow, so wait till it finishes. - -#### Section 3 – Install a desktop environment - -After you install the base system using the above method, you can install any additional desktop environment such as GNOME, KDE Plasma, MATE, Xfce – so on. We have several guides for each of them in the below pages. You can visit your choice of desktop installation page and jump straight to the bottom of these pages for exact command to install a desktop. - - * [Xfce][15] - * [GNOME][16] - * [KDE Plasma][17] - * [Cinnamon][8] - * [LXQt][18] - - - -For example, if you want to install GNOME Desktop basic components, you can simply run the below command to install. - -``` - - sudo pacman -S --needed gnome gnome-tweaks nautilus-sendto gnome-nettool gnome-usage gnome multi-writer adwaita-icon-theme chrome-gnome-shell xdg-user-dirs-gtk fwupd arc-gtk-theme seahosrse gdm firefox gedit - -``` - -``` - - systemctl enable gdm - -``` - -``` - - systemctl enable NetworkManager - -``` - -Once you are done, type reboot. - -And congratulations. You have finally installed Arch Linux using the awesome archinstall script using this guide. - -### Closing Notes - -I believe, this is one of the impressive script that is developed by the team. And it is definitely going to increase the coverage of the Arch Linux with growing user base. - -Having trouble using this script? Let me know in the comment section below. - -* * * - -We bring the latest tech, software news and stuff that matters. Stay in touch via [Telegram][19], [Twitter][20], [YouTube][21], and [Facebook][22] and never miss an update! - -##### Also Read - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/01/archinstall-guide/ - -作者：[Arindam][a] -选题：[lujun9972][b] -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/ -[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 -[1]: https://github.com/archlinux/archinstall -[2]: https://archlinux.org/download/ -[3]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/01/etcher-bootable-usb-linux/ -[4]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2020/11/connect-wifi-terminal-linux/ -[5]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/image.png -[6]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Keyboard-Type-archinstall.jpg -[7]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Keyboard-Language-archinstall.jpg -[8]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/02/cinnamon-arch-linux-install/ -[9]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Choose-Block-Device-1.jpg -[10]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Choose-Block-Device-2.jpg -[11]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Select-partition-option-archinstall.jpg -[12]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Various-options-in-archinstall-1.jpg -[13]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Various-options-in-archinstall-2.jpg -[14]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/archinstall-starts-downloading-packages.jpg -[15]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2020/12/xfce-arch-linux-install-4-16/ -[16]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2020/12/gnome-arch-linux-install/ -[17]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/01/kde-plasma-arch-linux-install/ -[18]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2020/12/lxqt-arch-linux-install/ -[19]: https://t.me/debugpoint -[20]: https://twitter.com/DebugPoint -[21]: https://www.youtube.com/c/debugpoint?sub_confirmation=1 -[22]: https://facebook.com/DebugPoint diff --git a/sources/tech/20220226 My favorite casual games to play on Linux.md b/sources/tech/20220226 My favorite casual games to play on Linux.md deleted file mode 100644 index 0216a98f31..0000000000 --- a/sources/tech/20220226 My favorite casual games to play on Linux.md +++ /dev/null @@ -1,79 +0,0 @@ -[#]: subject: "My favorite casual games to play on Linux" -[#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/22/2/casual-gaming-linux-kde" -[#]: author: "Seth Kenlon https://opensource.com/users/seth" -[#]: collector: "lujun9972" -[#]: translator: "perfiffer" -[#]: reviewer: " " -[#]: publisher: " " -[#]: url: " " - -My favorite casual games to play on Linux -====== -Play a video game on Linux while your open source code compiles. -![Gaming with penguin pawns][1] - -I love a good game that you can immerse yourself in for hours, but I don't always have the luxury of ignoring daily tasks to disappear into a video game. Still, I do love a fun challenge from time to time, and two of my favourite applications to launch when my computer gets busy doing something that I need to wait on are games from the KDE Games package: **KBlocks** and **Kolf**. - -### KBlocks - -My favorite video game involves blocks falling from the sky, and ideally landing in rows which magically disappear when blocks are contiguous. KBlocks is one implementation of that format, and it's a good one. It's got responsive block rotation with **Left** and **Right Arrow**, adjustable faster fall with the **Down Arrow**, instant fall with **Spacebar**, There are a few different levels of difficulty to control how quickly blocks fall. - -![KBlocks][2] - -(Seth Kenlon, [CC BY-SA 4.0][3]) - -The default theme of KBlocks is ancient Egyptian, which has no bearing on gameplay but can be pleasant for Egyptophiles. You can change the theme, though, in the **Configure KBlocks** menu item. An alternate theme called **Plasma** is included, or you can click on **Get New Themes** button and download user-contributor themes. - -![KBlocks Invaders by José Jorge][4] - -(Seth Kenlon, CC BY-SA 4.0) - -The theme is purely aesthetic, but for the artistic type, creating a theme for a casual game could be a fun way to contribute to an open source project. - -#### A gateway game to the KDE Plasma Desktop - -I'll admit, KBlocks is difficult for me to put down. In fact, it was my desire to play games during meetings that led me to find the `M-x tetris` command in Emacs, which in turn caused me to discover, and fall in love with, Linux in the first place. There's great power in this game. Maybe KBlocks will be the way you discover the KDE Plasma Desktop? - -### Kolf - -I don't like golf in real life, but on the computer miniature golf is a pleasantly frustrating mix of simulated physics and fun level design. With Kolf, the goal is as you'd expect: hit a golf ball into a hole. The destination is, of course, always around a corner, over a hill, past a pond, or behind a wall, so it's your goal to calculate ball speed, friction, incline, and trajectory with such perfection that you get the ball home in as few hits as possible. - -![Miniature golf][5] - -(Seth Kenlon, [CC BY-SA 4.0][3]) - -It's never as easy as it looks, and I don't think it ever gets old to watch the golf ball bounce off of objects and roll down hills that you never intended for it to go near. - -#### Designing your own course - -The fun really begins when you try your hand at designing your own miniature golf course. Yes, Kolf has a level editor, in which you can build walls, place ponds and hills and sandtraps, add pinball-style bumbers, and more. - -![Kolf editor][6] - -(Seth Kenlon, [CC BY-SA 4.0][3]) - -Because Kolf can be a multi-player game, it's especially fun to give each player five minutes to design a level, and then see who does best at whose level. - -### Linux KDE games - -These aren't by any means the only two games from the KDE project. There are many others, including card games, tile games, and arcade games. The nice thing about the KDE Games package is that they contain games you're happy to walk away from at a moment's notice, and they only require about a fourth of your attention. I use these to kill time while compiling code. Sometimes I don't get a full game in, but I always appreciate the subtle shift in mental gears. - --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- - -via: https://opensource.com/article/22/2/casual-gaming-linux-kde - -作者：[Seth Kenlon][a] -选题：[lujun9972][b] -译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) -校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) - -本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 - -[a]: https://opensource.com/users/seth -[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 -[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/gaming_grid_penguin.png?itok=7Fv83mHR (Gaming with penguin pawns) -[2]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/kblocks.jpg (KBlocks) -[3]: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ -[4]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/kblocks-invaders.jpg (KBlocks Invaders by José Jorge) -[5]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/kolf.jpg (Miniature golf) -[6]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/kolf-edit.jpg (Kolf editor) diff --git a/sources/tech/20220405 Collision- An Open-Source App to Check if Your Files Were Tampered With.md b/sources/tech/20220405 Collision- An Open-Source App to Check if Your Files Were Tampered With.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..a66d6a18a5 --- /dev/null +++ b/sources/tech/20220405 Collision- An Open-Source App to Check if Your Files Were Tampered With.md @@ -0,0 +1,114 @@ +[#]: subject: "Collision: An Open-Source App to Check if Your Files Were Tampered With" +[#]: via: "https://itsfoss.com/collision/" +[#]: author: "Ankush Das https://itsfoss.com/author/ankush/" +[#]: collector: "lujun9972" +[#]: translator: " " +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +Collision: An Open-Source App to Check if Your Files Were Tampered With +====== + +_**B**__**rief:** A GUI program to let you check hash for your files to ensure that it is not malicious and true to its source._ + +Someone sends you a file, how do you verify that it’s the original one meant for you? How can you be certain that it hasn’t been tampered with? + +Moreover, how can you verify that the file comes from an original source? + +That’s where cryptographic hash functions come in. A hash function (such as SHA-1) is a checksum if it is used to verify a file. This helps you confirm whether the file has been modified or not. + +If you are curious, you can refer to our [guide on verifying checksum in Linux][1]. + +For every information/file, there will be a unique hash value (or checksum). So, even if a tiny bit of the file changes, the hash value changes entirely. + +It’s primarily used in encryption, where every file/information is stored securely as hash values. Suppose an attacker gets hold of the database with hash values (instead of the real information), they cannot make sense of it. And, this is how encryption makes things secure. + +While discussing hashing is beyond the scope of this article, it is important to know that it comes in handy when verifying the integrity of a file. + +### Collision: Easily Verify a File and Spot Malicious Files + +![][2] + +Without a GUI, you will have to use the terminal to generate hash values to compare/verify. + +Collision makes it incredibly easy, without needing to launch a terminal or knowing to generate checksum values of a file. If you are not aware of it, our [tutorial on verifying checksum in Linux][1] should help. + +When using Collision, you just add the file that you need to generate a hash value or verify it. It only takes a few clicks to protect yourself against malicious or tampered files. + +While I show a text file in the screenshot, you can verify any type of file or generate a hash for your files before sending it to someone else. You can share the hash values generated with the recipient to let them validate your file. + +![][3] + +It is a straightforward open-source app that just lets you do two things: + + * Generate Hash values (SHA-1, MD5, SHA-256, SHA-516) + * Verify an item against a checksum or by directly using the file + + + +### Here’s How Collision App Works + +To give you an example, I modified the original text file by adding a character to it and then tried verifying it. + +Here’s what it looks like: + +First, you need to open the original file that you want to compare it with or have the checksum value with you. + +Open the original file first to generate the hash, and then head to the verify section to access a modified file. + +![][4] + +You will notice that it detects that it isn’t the same: + +![][5] + +In case you are checking against the checksum, first, open the file that you want to verify (here, we have the modified file). + +![][6] + +And, then input the original checksum of the file. As we already know that we are testing a modified file, the result is what we expect, i.e., **failed to verify integrity**. + +![][7] + +### Install Collision in Linux + +Collision is primarily a GNOME-tailored app, but it works on any other distribution. + +You can install it using the [Flatpak package available][8], or build it from the source while exploring its GitHub page. You can refer to our [Flatpak guide][9] for help if you’re new to Linux. + +If you prefer using the terminal, type in the following to install it: + +``` + + flatpak install flathub dev.geopjr.Collision + +``` + +To get started, you can also visit its official website. + +[Collision][10] + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://itsfoss.com/collision/ + +作者：[Ankush Das][a] +选题：[lujun9972][b] +译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://itsfoss.com/author/ankush/ +[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 +[1]: https://itsfoss.com/checksum-tools-guide-linux/ +[2]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/collission-verify-true.png?resize=800%2C617&ssl=1 +[3]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/collision-hash-values.png?resize=800%2C617&ssl=1 +[4]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/collision-file-open.png?resize=800%2C328&ssl=1 +[5]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/collision-file-check.png?resize=800%2C620&ssl=1 +[6]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/collision-file-verify.png?resize=800%2C373&ssl=1 +[7]: https://i0.wp.com/itsfoss.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/collision-input-checksum.png?resize=800%2C626&ssl=1 +[8]: https://flathub.org/apps/details/dev.geopjr.Collision +[9]: https://itsfoss.com/flatpak-guide/ +[10]: https://collision.geopjr.dev/ diff --git a/translated/tech/20220114 Installing Arch Linux Using archinstall Automated Script -Complete Guide.md b/translated/tech/20220114 Installing Arch Linux Using archinstall Automated Script -Complete Guide.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..cc57f71913 --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/20220114 Installing Arch Linux Using archinstall Automated Script -Complete Guide.md @@ -0,0 +1,198 @@ +[#]: subject: "Installing Arch Linux Using archinstall Automated Script [Complete Guide]" +[#]: via: "https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/01/archinstall-guide/" +[#]: author: "Arindam https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/" +[#]: collector: "lujun9972" +[#]: translator: "hwlife" +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +用archinstall自动化脚本安装Arch Linux [完全指南] +====== +在这篇指南中，我们解释了使用自动化脚本 archinstall 安装 ArchLinux 的超级容易的方法。 +适合初学者到高级用户。 + +对许多新用户来说，安装 ArchLinux 仍然是一件头疼的事情。它需要命令行，Linux系统的内部工作机制包括启动引导过程，内核和　Grub　概念等大量的知识。对许多人来说并不知道这些知识。但是新用户仍然想要安装和体验　ArchLinux　。 + +我个人感觉在计算机年代，操作系统的安装应该是简单的事情。对于最终用户安装系统应该尽可能的简单。毕竟，所有操作系统的存在只有一个目的　－　帮助最终用户执行某些任务并协助他们。　 + +### archinstall 自动化脚本是什么？ + +也就是说，不久前我们讨论过在裸机上安装 ArchLinux 。从那以后，ArchLinux团队想出了一个叫做 [archinstall][1] 自动化和交互脚本。如今用这个脚本安装 ArchLinux 是一件容易的事情，任何人都能够完成。 + +这就导致我们使用这个叫做 archinstall 的自动化脚本，于是就有了 ArchLinux 安装指南的打算。 + +让我们开始吧。 + +### 使用 archinstall 脚本安装 Arch Linux 的指南 + +我将这个指南分为三个部分。第一部分是下载 Arch Linux的 .ISO 文件，创建一个磁盘引导分区。第二部分是实际安装，最后是用一个实例桌面来最终配置。 + + +#### 第一部分：下载 .ISO 文件 + +访问以下链接。下载 Arch Linux 的 .ISO 文件。你能够用一个直接的 HTTP 地址下载或者使用种子/磁力链接下载文件。 + +[Download Arch Linux][2] + +一旦下载完成，用 [Etcher][3] 或者其他的工具创建一个可启动的U盘。 + +完成以后，插入U盘并且重启计算机。 + +你开始下一部分之前，确定你连接了互联网。一般来说，如果你是有线网，那就很好。如果你在 Arch 就要通过命令行 – [遵从本指南][4] 配置 Wi-Fi。只要确保你已经连接到互联网就行。 + +#### 第二部分：使用 archinstall 安装 + +一旦启动完成，你应该看到以下提示。键入 `archinstall` 然后点击回车。 + +![First prompt for archinstall][5] + +这个命令将会验证网络连接是否连接到 Arch Linxu 的镜像。一旦完成，一系列问题(像这样)将会弹出。你需要做的将是阅读和回复。 + +所以，对这个指南来说，我给出了让你开始的最基础和最容易的一种方法。如果你足够自信，你也可以尝试其他选择。但是我建议遵循以下概述的基本选择，下次你在尝试其他的选择。 + +够公平吧？OK。 + +因此，第一个问题是键盘布局类型。通过两个字节国家特定布局代码来显示。你也可以键入它们或者输入它们边上的数字。对于美国-英语来说，我键入 us 。 + +![Keyboard Type – archinstall][6] + +下一步是键盘语言，我键入数字 65 选择美国。 + + +![Keyboard Language – archinstall][7] + +下一个是硬盘驱动器部分。这个脚本自动探测你的目标系统的可用驱动器。举个例子，在以下图片中，它显示 17GB /dev/vda 是一个主要的块设备。这就是我要安装系统的地方。不要跳过这个步骤。 + +[][8] + +另见 ：怎样在 Arch Linux上安装 Cinnamon 桌面 + +在这个指南中，我键入数字 2 选中 /dev/vda 块设备。然后，根据你们每人的系统键入相应的数字。 + +一旦你做完这步，你应该在设置这个设备的边上看到一个双箭头 >> 。如果你已经选中它，按下回车键进入下一步。 + +![Choose Block Device -1][9] + +![Choose Block Device -2][10] + +在下一个选项中，你要小心。这个脚本问是否你想清除设备然后进行自动分区。否则你要手动分区硬盘驱动器。为了简单起见，我选择 0 选项。 + +![Select partition option – archinstall][11] + +在下组问题中，如下图所示。更多的是文件系统类型，主机名，根用户密码，等等。按照屏幕上的操作。便于帮助你，我已经在下表中加入了用于本指南的问题和答案。 + + +问题 | 选项 +---|--- +问题 | 选项 +选择主要的文件系统 | ext4 +你想用 zram 作为交换分区吗？| n +键入磁盘加密密码 |保留为空直接按下回车 +主机名或计算机名 | 键入你要键入的名字 +键入根密码 | 键入你要键入的密码 +键入程序预配置文件名 – +0 – 桌面 +1 – 最小化 +2 – 服务器 +3 – xorg | 选择 3 – xorg +安装显卡驱动 | 根据你的系统选择数字。否则缺省不选按下回车键 +安装声卡驱动| 选择 pulseaudio + +![Various options in archinstall -1][12] + +在选择内核，选择linux的下个问题里。这个脚本将要为你安装你额外添加的软件包 - 像 firefox ，nano ，等等。 + +用 NetworkManager 选择网络接口，并且为时区选择缺省选项。 + +![Various options in archinstall -2][13] + +就是这样。一旦你已经完成上述步骤，这个脚本将会生成并且等待你按下回车开始安装过程。 + +![archinstall starts downloading packages][14] + +等待直到步骤完成。这将花一些时间下载安装所有软件包，这依赖你的系统和网络连接速度。有时 Arch 镜像是慢的，所以等待直到它完成。 + +#### 第三部分 - 安装桌面环境 + +当你用以上方法安装完基本系统以后，你可以安装像 GNOME，KDE Plasma，MATE，Xfce 等额外的桌面环境。我们在以下页面中为它们每个都提供了安装指南。你可以访问你选择的桌面环境安装页面并且直接跳到这些页面底部提取安装桌面环境的命令。 + + * [Xfce][15] + * [GNOME][16] + * [KDE Plasma][17] + * [Cinnamon][8] + * [LXQt][18] + + +举个例子，如果你想要安装 GNOME 桌面基本套件，你可以简单的运行以下命令来安装。 + + +``` + + sudo pacman -S --needed gnome gnome-tweaks nautilus-sendto gnome-nettool gnome-usage gnome multi-writer adwaita-icon-theme chrome-gnome-shell xdg-user-dirs-gtk fwupd arc-gtk-theme seahosrse gdm firefox gedit + +``` + +``` + + systemctl enable gdm + +``` + +``` + + systemctl enable NetworkManager + +``` + +一旦你完成了以上这些，键入 reboot 重启。 + +恭喜你。你已经使用这个指南和厉害的 archinstall 脚本安装完成了 Arch Linux。 + +### 结语 + +我相信，这是团队开发的令人印象深刻的脚本之一。并且确实增加了使用 Arch　Linux　的用户基数和覆盖范围。 + +使用这个脚本有什么问题吗？在下方评论让我知道。 + +* * * + +我们带来了最新的技术，软件新闻和重大事件。可以通过　[Telegram][19], [Twitter][20], [YouTube][21], 和 [Facebook][22] 与我们保持联系，不要错过一个更新！ + +##### 也要读 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://www.debugpoint.com/2022/01/archinstall-guide/ + +作者：[Arindam][a] +选题：[lujun9972][b] +译者：[hwlife](https://github.com/hwlife) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://www.debugpoint.com/author/admin1/ +[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 +[1]: https://github.com/archlinux/archinstall +[2]: https://archlinux.org/download/ +[3]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/01/etcher-bootable-usb-linux/ +[4]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2020/11/connect-wifi-terminal-linux/ +[5]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/image.png +[6]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Keyboard-Type-archinstall.jpg +[7]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Keyboard-Language-archinstall.jpg +[8]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/02/cinnamon-arch-linux-install/ +[9]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Choose-Block-Device-1.jpg +[10]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Choose-Block-Device-2.jpg +[11]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Select-partition-option-archinstall.jpg +[12]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Various-options-in-archinstall-1.jpg +[13]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Various-options-in-archinstall-2.jpg +[14]: https://www.debugpoint.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/archinstall-starts-downloading-packages.jpg +[15]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2020/12/xfce-arch-linux-install-4-16/ +[16]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2020/12/gnome-arch-linux-install/ +[17]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2021/01/kde-plasma-arch-linux-install/ +[18]: https://www.debugpoint.com/2020/12/lxqt-arch-linux-install/ +[19]: https://t.me/debugpoint +[20]: https://twitter.com/DebugPoint +[21]: https://www.youtube.com/c/debugpoint?sub_confirmation=1 +[22]: https://facebook.com/DebugPoint diff --git a/translated/tech/20220226 My favorite casual games to play on Linux.md b/translated/tech/20220226 My favorite casual games to play on Linux.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000000..2b337224a1 --- /dev/null +++ b/translated/tech/20220226 My favorite casual games to play on Linux.md @@ -0,0 +1,79 @@ +[#]: subject: "My favorite casual games to play on Linux" +[#]: via: "https://opensource.com/article/22/2/casual-gaming-linux-kde" +[#]: author: "Seth Kenlon https://opensource.com/users/seth" +[#]: collector: "lujun9972" +[#]: translator: "perfiffer" +[#]: reviewer: " " +[#]: publisher: " " +[#]: url: " " + +我最喜欢在 Linux 上玩的休闲游戏 +====== +在编译开源代码的同时在 Linux 上玩电子游戏。 +![Gaming with penguin pawns][1] + +我喜欢一款可以让自己沉浸数小时的好游戏，但我并不总是能够忽略工作而消失在电子游戏中。尽管如此，我还是喜欢不时的接受有趣的挑战，当我的计算机忙于做一些我需要等待的事情时，我最喜欢启动的两个应用程序是来自 KDE 游戏包的游戏：**KBlocks** 和 **Kolf**。 + +### KBlocks + +我最喜欢的电子游戏包括从天上掉下来的积木，理想情况下是成排降落，当积木连成一排时，它们会神奇的消失。KBlocks 就是这样的，它是一种很好的实现。它可以使用**左键**和**右键**控制块进行旋转，使用**下键**调节块更快的下落，使用**空格键**直接落下块，控制块下落的速度有几个不同的难度级别。 + +![KBlocks][2] + +(Seth Kenlon, [CC BY-SA 4.0][3]) + +KBlocks 的默认主题是古埃及，这与游戏的玩法无关，但对于埃及的爱好者来说可能是愉快的游戏体验。不过，你可以在 **KBlocks 配置**菜单项中更改主题。有一个名为 **Plasma** 的替代主题，或者你可以单击**获取新主题**按钮并下载由贡献者贡献的主题。 + +![KBlocks Invaders by José Jorge][4] + +(Seth Kenlon, CC BY-SA 4.0) + +主题纯粹是美学的，但就艺术而言，为休闲游戏创建主题可能是为开源项目作出贡献的一种有趣方式。 + +#### KDE Plasma 桌面的网关游戏 + +我承认，KBlocks 对我来说很难放下。事实上，正是我在会议期间玩游戏的愿望让我在 Emacs 中找到了 `M-x tetris` 命令，这反过来又让我发现并爱上了 Linux。这个游戏有很大的魅力。也许 KBlocks 将成为你发现 KDE Plasma 桌面的方式？ + +### Kolf + +我不喜欢现实生活中的高尔夫，但在电脑上迷你高尔夫模拟物理和有趣的关卡设计，既令人愉快，又令人沮丧。使用 Kolf，目标如你所料：将高尔夫球打入洞中。当然，目的地总是在拐角处、需要越过山丘、经过池塘或者在墙后，因此你的目标是计算球速、摩擦力、坡度和轨迹，使其完美地让球回到原点并尽可能少的击打球。 + +![Miniature golf][5] + +(Seth Kenlon, [CC BY-SA 4.0][3]) + +它从来没有看起来那么容易，而且我认为看着高尔夫球从物体上反弹并滚下你从未打算让它靠近的山丘，这永远不会过时。 + +#### 设计自己的课程 + +当你尝试设计自己的迷你高尔夫球场时，乐趣才真正开始。是的，Kolf 有一个关卡编辑器，你可以在其中建造墙壁、放置池塘、山丘和沙坑，添加弹球式保险杠等等。 + +![Kolf editor][6] + +(Seth Kenlon, [CC BY-SA 4.0][3]) + +因为 Kolf 可以是多人游戏，所以给每个玩家五分钟的时间来设计一个关卡，然后看看谁在谁的关卡上做的最好，这特别有趣。 + +### Linux KDE 游戏 + +这绝不是 KDE 项目中仅有的两款游戏。还有许多其它游戏，包括卡牌游戏、拼贴游戏和街机游戏。KDE 游戏包的好处是，它们包含了你很乐意马上离开的游戏，而且它们只需要你四分之一的注意力。我使用这些游戏来消磨编译代码的时间。有时候我并不能完全沉浸在游戏中，但我总是很欣赏这种心理状态的微妙转变。 + +-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- + +via: https://opensource.com/article/22/2/casual-gaming-linux-kde + +作者：[Seth Kenlon][a] +选题：[lujun9972][b] +译者：[perfiffer](https://github.com/perfiffer) +校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID) + +本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创编译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出 + +[a]: https://opensource.com/users/seth +[b]: https://github.com/lujun9972 +[1]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/styles/image-full-size/public/lead-images/gaming_grid_penguin.png?itok=7Fv83mHR (Gaming with penguin pawns) +[2]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/kblocks.jpg (KBlocks) +[3]: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/ +[4]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/kblocks-invaders.jpg (KBlocks Invaders by José Jorge) +[5]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/kolf.jpg (Miniature golf) +[6]: https://opensource.com/sites/default/files/kolf-edit.jpg (Kolf editor)