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||||
New to Linux? 5 Apps You Didn’t Know You Were Missing
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
When you moved to Linux, you went straight for the obvious browsers, cloud clients, music players, email clients, and perhaps image editors, right? As a result, you’ve missed several vital, productive tools. Here’s a roundup of five umissable Linux apps that you really need to install.
|
||||
|
||||
### [Synergy][1] ###
|
||||
|
||||
Synergy is a godsend if you use multiple desktops. It’s an open-source app that allows you to use a single mouse and keyboard across multiple computers, displays, and operating systems. Switching the mouse and keyboard functionality between the desktops is easy. Just move the mouse out the edge of one screen and into another.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
When you open Synergy for the first time, it will run you through the setup wizard. The primary desktop is the one whose input devices you’ll be sharing with the other desktops. Configure that as the server. Add the remaining computers as clients.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Synergy maintains a common clipboard across all connected desktops. It also merges the lock screen setup, i.e. you need to bypass the lock screen just once to log in to all the computers together. Under **Edit > Settings**, you can make a few more tweaks such as adding a password and setting Synergy to launch on startup.
|
||||
|
||||
### [BasKet Note Pads][2] ###
|
||||
|
||||
Using BasKet Note Pads is somewhat like mapping your brain onto a computer. It helps make sense of all the ideas floating around in your head by allowing you to organize them in digestible chunks. You can use BasKet Note Pads for various tasks such as taking notes, creating idea maps and to-do lists, saving links, managing research, and keeping track of project data.
|
||||
|
||||
Each main idea or project goes into a section called a basket. To split ideas further, you can have one or more sub-baskets or sibling baskets. The baskets are further broken down into notes, which hold all the bits and pieces of a project. You can group them, tag them, and filter them.
|
||||
|
||||
The left pane in the application’s two-pane structure displays a tree-like view of all the baskets you have created.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
BasKet Note Pads might seem a little complex on day one, but you’ll get the hang of it soon. When you’re not using it, the app sits in the system tray, ready for quick access.
|
||||
|
||||
Want a [simpler note-taking alternative][3] on Linux? Try [Springseed][4].
|
||||
|
||||
### [Caffeine][5]###
|
||||
|
||||
How do you ensure that your computer doesn’t go to sleep right in the middle of an [interesting movie][6]? Caffeine is the answer. No, you don’t need to brew a cup of coffee for your computer. You just need to install a lightweight indicator applet called Caffeine. It prevents the screen-saver, lock screen, or the Sleep mode from being activated when the computer is idle, only if the current window is in full-screen mode.
|
||||
|
||||
To install the applet, [download its latest version][7]. If you want to go [the ppa way][8], here’s how you can:
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:caffeine-developers/ppa
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get update
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get install caffeine
|
||||
|
||||
On Ubuntu versions 14.10 and 15.04 (and their derivatives), you’ll also need to install certain dependency packages:
|
||||
|
||||
$ sudo apt-get install libappindicator3-1 gir1.2-appindicator3-0.1
|
||||
|
||||
After finishing the installation, add **caffeine-indicator** to your list of startup applications to make the indicator appear in the system tray. You can turn Caffeine’s functionality on and off via the app’s context menu, which pops up when you right-click on the tray icon.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### Easystroke ###
|
||||
|
||||
Easystroke makes an excellent [Linux mouse hack][9]. Use it to set up a series of customized mouse/touchpad/pen gestures to simulate common actions such as keystrokes, commands, and scrolls. Setting up Easystroke gestures is straightforward enough, thanks to the clear instructions that appear at all the right moments when you’re navigating the UI.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Begin by choosing the mouse button you’d like to use for performing gestures. Throw in a modifier if you like. You’ll find this setting under **Preferences > Behavior > Gesture Button**. Now head to the **Actions** tab and record strokes for your most commonly used actions.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Using the **Preferences** and **Advanced** tabs, you can make other tweaks like setting Easystroke to autostart, adding a system tray icon, and changing scroll speed.
|
||||
|
||||
### Guake ###
|
||||
|
||||
I saved my favorite Linux find for last. Guake is a dropdown command line modeled after the one in the first-person shooter video game [Quake][10]. Whether you’re [learning about terminal commands][11] or executing them on a regular basis, Guake is a great way to keep the terminal handy. You can bring it up or hide it in a single keystroke.
|
||||
|
||||
As you can see in the image below, when in action, Guake appears as an overlay on the current window. Right-click within the terminal to access the **Preferences** section, from where you can change Guake’s appearance, its scroll action, keyboard shortcuts, and more.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
If KDE is your [Linux desktop of choice][12], do check out [Yakuake][13], which provides a similar functionality.
|
||||
|
||||
### Name Your Favorite Linux Discovery! ###
|
||||
|
||||
There are many more [super useful Linux apps][14] waiting to be discovered. Rest assured that we’ll keep introducing you to them.
|
||||
|
||||
Which Linux app were you happiest to learn about? Which one do you consider a must-have? Tell us in the comments.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.makeuseof.com/tag/new-linux-5-apps-didnt-know-missing/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Akshata][a]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://www.makeuseof.com/tag/author/akshata/
|
||||
[1]:http://synergy-project.org/
|
||||
[2]:http://basket.kde.org/
|
||||
[3]:http://www.makeuseof.com/tag/try-these-3-beautiful-note-taking-apps-that-work-offline/
|
||||
[4]:http://getspringseed.com/
|
||||
[5]:https://launchpad.net/caffeine
|
||||
[6]:http://www.makeuseof.com/tag/popular-apps-movies-according-google/
|
||||
[7]:http://ppa.launchpad.net/caffeine-developers/ppa/ubuntu/pool/main/c/caffeine/
|
||||
[8]:http://www.makeuseof.com/tag/ubuntu-ppa-technology-explained/
|
||||
[9]:http://www.makeuseof.com/tag/4-astounding-linux-mouse-hacks/
|
||||
[10]:http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quake_%28video_game%29
|
||||
[11]:http://www.makeuseof.com/tag/4-ways-teach-terminal-commands-linux-si/
|
||||
[12]:http://www.makeuseof.com/tag/10-top-linux-desktop-environments-available/
|
||||
[13]:https://yakuake.kde.org/
|
||||
[14]:http://www.makeuseof.com/tag/linux-treasures-x-sublime-native-linux-apps-will-make-want-switch/
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,71 @@
|
||||
This Ubuntu App Applies Instagram Style Filters to Your Photos
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
**Looking for an Ubuntu app to apply Instagram style filters to your photos in Ubuntu?**
|
||||
|
||||
Grab your selfie stick and step this way…
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
XnRetro is a photo editing app
|
||||
|
||||
### XnRetro Photo Editor ###
|
||||
|
||||
**XnRetro** is a simple image editing application that lets you quickly add “Instagram like” effects to your photos.
|
||||
|
||||
You know the sort of effects I’m talking about: scratches, noises, and frames, over processing, vintage washes and nostalgic tints (because in this age of digital transience we must know that endless selfies and sandwich snaps are unlikely to ever become nostalgic of themselves).
|
||||
|
||||
Whether you consider such effects to be of asinine artistic value or shortcut to being creative, these kinds of filters are popular and can help add a splash of personality to an otherwise so-so photo.
|
||||
|
||||
#### XnRetro Features ####
|
||||
|
||||
**XnRetro features the following:**
|
||||
|
||||
- 20 color filters
|
||||
- 15 light effects (bokeh, leaks, etc)
|
||||
- 28 frames and borders
|
||||
- 5 Vignettes (with strength control)
|
||||
- Image adjustments for contrast, gamma, saturation, etc
|
||||
- Square crop option
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Small tweak to make light effects work
|
||||
|
||||
You can save edited images (in theory) as .jpg or .png files and share them straight to social media from within the app.
|
||||
|
||||
I say “in theory” because .jpg saving doesn’t actually work in the Linux version of the app (you can save edited images as .png files though). Similarly, most of the built-in social networking links are borked or just flat out fail on export.
|
||||
|
||||
To get the **15 light leaks** to work you will need to re-save each .jpg image in XnRetro ‘light’ folder as a .png file. Edit the ‘light.xml’ to match the new file names, hit save and the light effects will load up in XnRetro without issue.
|
||||
|
||||
> ‘For user-friendly image editing XnRetro is hard to beat — once you make it work.’
|
||||
|
||||
**Is XnRetro Worth Installing?**
|
||||
|
||||
XnRetro is not perfect. It’s is pretty old-looking, difficult to properly install and has not been updated for several years.
|
||||
|
||||
It does still work, barring .jpg saving, and is a nimble alternative to an advanced app like The Gimp or Shotwell’s set of ‘serious’ image adjustment tools.
|
||||
|
||||
While web apps and Chrome Apps¹ like [Pixlr Touch Up][1] and [Polarr][2] offer similar features you may be looking for a truly native solution.
|
||||
|
||||
And for that, for user-friendly image editing based around easy-to-apply filters, XnRetro is hard to beat.
|
||||
|
||||
### Download XnRetro for Ubuntu ###
|
||||
|
||||
XnRetro is not available as an installable .deb package. It is distributed as a binary file, meaning you need to double-click on the program file run it each and every time. It’s also 32-bit only.
|
||||
|
||||
You can download XnRetro using the link below. Once completed you need to extract the archive and enter the folder it creates. Double-click on the ‘xnretro’ program binary inside.
|
||||
|
||||
- [Download XnRetro for Linux (32bit, tar.gz)][3]
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.omgubuntu.co.uk/2015/05/instagram-photo-filters-ubuntu-desktop-app
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Joey-Elijah Sneddon][a]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:https://plus.google.com/117485690627814051450/?rel=author
|
||||
[1]:http://www.omgchrome.com/?s=pixlr
|
||||
[2]:http://www.omgchrome.com/the-best-chrome-apps-of-2014/
|
||||
[3]:http://www.xnview.com/en/xnretro/#downloads
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,188 @@
|
||||
How to Install Percona Server on CentOS 7
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
In this article we are going to learn about percona server, an opensource drop-in replacement for MySQL and also for MariaDB. The InnoDB database engine make it very attractive and a good alternative if you need performance, reliability and a cost efficient solution
|
||||
|
||||
In the following sections I am going to cover the installation of the percona server on the CentOS 7, I will also cover the steps needed to make backup of your current data, configuration and how to restore your backup.
|
||||
|
||||
### Table of contents ###
|
||||
|
||||
1. What is and why use percona
|
||||
1. Backup your databases
|
||||
1. Remove previous SQL server
|
||||
1. Installing Percona binaries
|
||||
1. Configuring Percona
|
||||
1. Securing your environment
|
||||
1. Restore your backup
|
||||
|
||||
### 1. What is and why use Percona ###
|
||||
|
||||
Percona is an opensource alternative to the MySQL and MariaDB databases, it's a fork of the MySQL with many improvements and unique features that makes it more reliable, powerful and faster than MySQL, and yet is fully compatible with it, you can even use replication between Oracle's MySQL and Percona.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Features exclusive to Percona ####
|
||||
|
||||
- Partitioned Adaptive Hash Search
|
||||
- Fast Checksum Algorithm
|
||||
- Buffer Pool Pre-Load
|
||||
- Support for FlashCache
|
||||
|
||||
#### MySQL Enterprise and Percona specific features ####
|
||||
|
||||
- Import Tables From Different Servers
|
||||
- PAM authentication
|
||||
- Audit Log
|
||||
- Threadpool
|
||||
|
||||
Now that you are pretty excited to see all these good things together, we are going show you how to install and do basic configuration of Percona Server.
|
||||
|
||||
### 2. Backup your databases ###
|
||||
|
||||
The following, command creates a mydatabases.sql file with the SQL commands to recreate/restore salesdb and employeedb databases, replace the databases names to reflect your setup, skip if this is a brand new setup
|
||||
|
||||
mysqldump -u root -p --databases employeedb salesdb > mydatabases.sql
|
||||
|
||||
Copy the current configuration file, you can also skip this in fresh setups
|
||||
|
||||
cp my.cnf my.cnf.bkp
|
||||
|
||||
### 3. Remove your previous SQL Server ###
|
||||
|
||||
Stop the MySQL/MariaDB if it's running.
|
||||
|
||||
systemctl stop mysql.service
|
||||
|
||||
Uninstall MariaDB and MySQL
|
||||
|
||||
yum remove MariaDB-server MariaDB-client MariaDB-shared mysql mysql-server
|
||||
|
||||
Move / Rename the MariaDB files in **/var/lib/mysql**, it's a safer and faster than just removing, it's like a 2nd level instant backup. :)
|
||||
|
||||
mv /var/lib/mysql /var/lib/mysql_mariadb
|
||||
|
||||
### 4. Installing Percona binaries ###
|
||||
|
||||
You can choose from a number of options on how to install Percona, in a CentOS system it's generally a better idea to use yum or RPM, so these are the way that are covered by this article, compiling and install from sources are not covered by this article.
|
||||
|
||||
Installing from Yum repository:
|
||||
|
||||
First you need to set the Percona's Yum repository with this:
|
||||
|
||||
yum install http://www.percona.com/downloads/percona-release/redhat/0.1-3/percona-release-0.1-3.noarch.rpm
|
||||
|
||||
And then install Percona with:
|
||||
|
||||
yum install Percona-Server-client-56 Percona-Server-server-56
|
||||
|
||||
The above command installs Percona server and clients, shared libraries, possibly Perl and perl modules such as DBI::MySQL, if that are not already installed, and also other dependencies as needed.
|
||||
|
||||
Installing from RPM package:
|
||||
|
||||
We can download all rpm packages with the help of wget:
|
||||
|
||||
wget -r -l 1 -nd -A rpm -R "*devel*,*debuginfo*" \ http://www.percona.com/downloads/Percona-Server-5.5/Percona-Server-5.5.42-37.1/binary/redhat/7/x86_64/
|
||||
|
||||
And with rpm utility, you install all the packages once:
|
||||
|
||||
rpm -ivh Percona-Server-server-55-5.5.42-rel37.1.el7.x86_64.rpm \ Percona-Server-client-55-5.5.42-rel37.1.el7.x86_64.rpm \ Percona-Server-shared-55-5.5.42-rel37.1.el7.x86_64.rpm
|
||||
|
||||
Note the backslash '\' on the end of the sentences on the above commands, if you install individual packages, remember that to met dependencies, the shared package must be installed before client and client before server.
|
||||
|
||||
### 5. Configuring Percona Server ###
|
||||
|
||||
#### Restoring previous configuration ####
|
||||
|
||||
As we are moving from MariaDB, you can just restore the backup of my.cnf file that you made in earlier steps.
|
||||
|
||||
cp /etc/my.cnf.bkp /etc/my.cnf
|
||||
|
||||
#### Creating a new my.cnf ####
|
||||
|
||||
If you need a new configuration file that fit your needs or if you don't have made a copy of my.cnf, you can use this wizard, it will generate for you, through simple steps.
|
||||
|
||||
Here is a sample my.cnf file that comes with Percona-Server package
|
||||
|
||||
# Percona Server template configuration
|
||||
|
||||
[mysqld]
|
||||
#
|
||||
# Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
|
||||
# cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.
|
||||
# innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M
|
||||
#
|
||||
# Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging
|
||||
# changes to the binary log between backups.
|
||||
# log_bin
|
||||
#
|
||||
# Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.
|
||||
# The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.
|
||||
# Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.
|
||||
# join_buffer_size = 128M
|
||||
# sort_buffer_size = 2M
|
||||
# read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M
|
||||
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
|
||||
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
|
||||
|
||||
# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
|
||||
symbolic-links=0
|
||||
|
||||
[mysqld_safe]
|
||||
log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
|
||||
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
|
||||
|
||||
After making your my.cnf file fit your needs, it's time to start the service:
|
||||
|
||||
systemctl restart mysql.service
|
||||
|
||||
If everything goes fine, your server is now up and ready to ready to receive SQL commands, you can try the following command to check:
|
||||
|
||||
mysql -u root -p -e 'SHOW VARIABLES LIKE "version_comment"'
|
||||
|
||||
If you can't start the service, you can look for a reason in **/var/log/mysql/mysqld.log** this file is set by the **log-error** option in my.cnf's **[mysqld_safe]** session.
|
||||
|
||||
tail /var/log/mysql/mysqld.log
|
||||
|
||||
You can also take a look in a file inside **/var/lib/mysql/** with name in the form of **[hostname].err** as the following example:
|
||||
|
||||
tail /var/lib/mysql/centos7.err
|
||||
|
||||
If this also fail in show what is wrong, you can also try strace:
|
||||
|
||||
yum install strace && systemctl stop mysql.service && strace -f -f mysqld_safe
|
||||
|
||||
The above command is extremely verbous and it's output is quite low level but can show you the reason you can't start service in most times.
|
||||
|
||||
### 6. Securing your environment ###
|
||||
|
||||
Ok, you now have your RDBMS ready to receive SQL queries, but it's not a good idea to put your precious data on a server without minimum security, it's better to make it safer with mysql_secure_instalation, this utility helps in removing unused default features, also set the root main password and make access restrictions for using this user.
|
||||
Just invoke it by the shell and follow instructions on the screen.
|
||||
|
||||
mysql_secure_install
|
||||
|
||||
### 7. Restore your backup ###
|
||||
|
||||
If you are coming from a previous setup, now you can restore your databases, just use mysqldump once again.
|
||||
|
||||
mysqldump -u root -p < mydatabases.sql
|
||||
|
||||
Congratulations, you just installed Percona on your CentOS Linux, your server is now fully ready for use; You can now use your service as it was MySQL, and your services are fully compatible with it.
|
||||
|
||||
### Conclusion ###
|
||||
|
||||
There is a lot of things to configure in order to achieve better performance, but here is some straightforward options to improve your setup. When using innodb engine it's also a good idea to set the **innodb_file_per_table** option **on**, it gonna distribute table indexes in a file per table basis, it means that each table have it's own index file, it makes the overall system, more robust and easier to repair.
|
||||
|
||||
Other option to have in mind is the **innodb_buffer_pool_size** option, InnoDB should have large enough to your datasets, and some value **between 70% and 80%** of the total available memory should be reasonable.
|
||||
|
||||
By setting the **innodb-flush-method** to **O_DIRECT** you disable write cache, if you have **RAID**, this should be set to improved performance as this cache is already done in a lower level.
|
||||
|
||||
If your data is not that critical and you don't need fully **ACID** compliant transactions, you can adjust to 2 the option **innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit**, this will also lead to improved performance.
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://linoxide.com/linux-how-to/percona-server-centos-7/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Carlos Alberto][a]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://linoxide.com/author/carlosal/
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,179 @@
|
||||
Install ‘Tails 1.4′ Linux Operating System to Preserve Privacy and Anonymity
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
In this Internet world and the world of Internet we perform most of our task online be it Ticket booking, Money transfer, Studies, Business, Entertainment, Social Networking and what not. We spend a major part of our time online daily. It has been getting hard to remain anonymous with each passing day specially when backdoors are being planted by organizations like NSA (National Security Agency) who are putting their nose in between every thing that we come across online. We have least or no privacy online. All the searches are logged upon the basis of user Internet surfing activity and machine activity.
|
||||
|
||||
A wonderful browser from Tor project is used by millions which help us surfing the web anonymously however it is not difficult to trace your browsing habits and hence tor alone is not the guarantee of your safety online. You may like to check Tor features and installation instructions here:
|
||||
|
||||
- [Anonymous Web Browsing using Tor][1]
|
||||
|
||||
There is a operating system named Tails by Tor Projects. Tails (The Amnesic Incognito Live System) is a live operating system, based on Debian Linux distribution, which mainly focused on preserving privacy and anonymity on the web while browsing internet, means all it’s outgoing connection are forced to pass through the Tor and direct (non-anonymous) requests are blocked. The system is designed to run from any boot-able media be it USB stick or DVD.
|
||||
|
||||
The latest stable release of Tails OS is 1.4 which was released on May 12, 2015. Powered by open source Monolithic Linux Kernel and built on top of Debian GNU/Linux Tails aims at Personal Computer Market and includes GNOME 3 as default user Interface.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Features of Tails OS 1.4 ####
|
||||
|
||||
- Tails is a free operating system, free as in beer and free as in speech.
|
||||
- Built on top of Debian/GNU Linux. The most widely used OS that is Universal.
|
||||
- Security Focused Distribution.
|
||||
- Windows 8 camouflage.
|
||||
- Need not to be installed and browse Internet anonymously using Live Tails CD/DVD.
|
||||
- Leave no trace on the computer, while tails is running.
|
||||
- Advanced cryptographic tools used to encrypt everything that concerns viz., files, emails, etc.
|
||||
- Sends and Receive traffic through tor network.
|
||||
- In true sense it provides privacy for anyone, anywhere.
|
||||
- Comes with several applications ready to be used from Live Environment.
|
||||
- All the softwares comes per-configured to connect to INTERNET only through Tor network.
|
||||
- Any application that tries to connect to Internet without Tor Network is blocked, automatically.
|
||||
- Restricts someone who is watching what sites you visit and restricts sites to learn your geographical location.
|
||||
- Connect to websites that are blocked and/or censored.
|
||||
- Designed specially not to use space used by parent OS even when there is free swap space.
|
||||
- The whole OS loads on RAM and is flushed when we reboot/shutdown. Hence no trace of running.
|
||||
- Advanced security implementation by encrypting USB disk, HTTPS ans Encrypt and sign emails and documents.
|
||||
|
||||
#### What can you expect in Tails 1.4 ####
|
||||
|
||||
- Tor Browser 4.5 with a security Slider.
|
||||
- Tor Upgraded to version 0.2.6.7.
|
||||
- Several Security holes fixed.
|
||||
- Many of the bug fixed and patches applied to Applications like curl, OpenJDK 7, tor Network, openldap, etc.
|
||||
|
||||
To get a complete list of change logs you may visit [HERE][2]
|
||||
|
||||
**Note**: It is strongly recommended to upgrade to Tails 1.4, if you’re using any older version of Tails.
|
||||
|
||||
#### Why should I use Tails Operating System ####
|
||||
|
||||
You need Tails because you need:
|
||||
|
||||
- Freedom from network surveillance
|
||||
- Defend freedom, privacy and confidentiality
|
||||
- Security aka traffic analysis
|
||||
|
||||
This tutorial will walk through the installation of Tails 1.4 OS with a short review.
|
||||
|
||||
### Tails 1.4 Installation Guide ###
|
||||
|
||||
1. To download the latest Tails OS 1.4, you may use wget command to download directly.
|
||||
|
||||
$ wget http://dl.amnesia.boum.org/tails/stable/tails-i386-1.4/tails-i386-1.4.iso
|
||||
|
||||
Alternatively you may download Tails 1.4 Direct ISO image or use a Torrent Client to pull the iso image file for you. Here is the link to both downloads:
|
||||
|
||||
- [tails-i386-1.4.iso][3]
|
||||
- [tails-i386-1.4.torrent][4]
|
||||
|
||||
2. After downloading, verify ISO Integrity by matching SHA256 checksum with the SHA256SUM provided on the official website..
|
||||
|
||||
$ sha256sum tails-i386-1.4.iso
|
||||
|
||||
339c8712768c831e59c4b1523002b83ccb98a4fe62f6a221fee3a15e779ca65d
|
||||
|
||||
If you are interested in knowing OpenPGP, checking Tails signing key against Debian keyring and anything related to Tails cryptographic signature, you may like to point your browser [HERE][5].
|
||||
|
||||
3. Next you need to write the image to USB stick or DVD ROM. You may like to check the article, [How to Create Live Bootable USB][6] for details on how to make a flash drive bootable and write ISO to it.
|
||||
|
||||
4. Insert the Tails OS Bootable flash drive or DVD ROM in the disk and boot from it (select from BIOS to boot). The first screen – two options to select from ‘Live‘ and ‘Live (failsafe)‘. Select ‘Live‘ and press Enter.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Tails Boot Menu
|
||||
|
||||
5. Just before login. You have two options. Click ‘More Options‘ if you want to configure and set advanced options else click ‘No‘.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Tails Welcome Screen
|
||||
|
||||
6. After clicking Advanced option, you need to setup root password. This is important if you want to upgrade it. This root password is valid till you shutdown/reboot the machine.
|
||||
|
||||
Also you may enable Windows Camouflage, if you want to run this OS on a public place, so that it seems as you are running Windows 8 operating system. Good option indeed! Is not it? Also you have a option to configure Network and Mac Address. Click ‘Login‘ when done!.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Tails OS Configuration
|
||||
|
||||
7. This is Tails GNU/Linux OS camouflaged by Windows Skin.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Tails Windows Look
|
||||
|
||||
8. It will start Tor Network in the background. Check the Notification on the top-right corner of the screen – Tor is Ready / You are now connected to the Internet.
|
||||
|
||||
Also check what it contains under Internet Menu. Notice – It has Tor Browser (safe) and Unsafe Web Browser (Where incoming and outgoing data don’t pass through TOR Network) along with other applications.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Tails Menu and Tools
|
||||
|
||||
9. Click Tor and check your IP Address. It confirms my physical location is not shared and my privacy is intact.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Check Privacy on Tails
|
||||
|
||||
10. You may Invoke Tails Installer to clone & Install, Clone & Upgrade and Upgrade from ISO.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Tails Installer Options
|
||||
|
||||
11. The other option was to select Tor without any advanced option, just before login (Check step #5 above).
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Tails Without Advance Option
|
||||
|
||||
12. You will get log-in to Gnome3 Desktop Environment.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Tails Gnome Desktop
|
||||
|
||||
13. If you click to Launch Unsafe browser in Camouflage or without Camouflage, you will be notified.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Tails Browsing Notification
|
||||
|
||||
If you do, this is what you get in a Browser.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
Tails Browsing Alert
|
||||
|
||||
#### Is Tails for me? ####
|
||||
|
||||
To get the above question answered, first answer a few question.
|
||||
|
||||
- Do you need your privacy to be intact while you are online?
|
||||
- Do you want to remain hidden from Identity thieves?
|
||||
- Do you want somebody to put your nose in between your private chat online?
|
||||
- Do you really want to show your geographical location to anybody there?
|
||||
- Do you carry out banking transactions online?
|
||||
- Are you happy with the censorship by government and ISP?
|
||||
|
||||
If the answer to any of the above question is ‘YES‘ you preferably need Tails. If answer to all the above question is ‘NO‘ you perhaps don’t need it.
|
||||
|
||||
To know more about Tails? Point your browser to user Documentation : [https://tails.boum.org/doc/index.en.html][7]
|
||||
|
||||
### Conclusion ###
|
||||
|
||||
Tails is an OS which is must for those who work in an unsafe environment. An OS focused on security yet contains bundles of Application – Gnome Desktop, Tor, Firefox (Iceweasel), Network Manager, Pidgin, Claws mail, Liferea feed addregator, Gobby, Aircrack-ng, I2P.
|
||||
|
||||
It also contain several tools for Encryption and Privacy Under the Hood, viz., LUKS, GNUPG, PWGen, Shamir’s Secret Sharing, Virtual Keyboard (against Hardware Keylogging), MAT, KeePassX Password Manager, etc.
|
||||
|
||||
That’s all for now. Keep Connected to Tecmint. Share your thoughts on Tails GNU/Linux Operating System. What do you think about the future of the Project? Also test it Locally and let us know your experience.
|
||||
|
||||
You may run it in [Virtualbox][8] as well. Remember Tails loads the whole OS in RAM hence give enough RAM to run Tails in VM.
|
||||
|
||||
I tested in 1GB Environment and it worked without lagging. Thanks to all our readers for their Support. In making Tecmint a one place for all Linux related stuffs your co-operation is needed. Kudos!
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://www.tecmint.com/install-tails-1-4-linux-operating-system-to-preserve-privacy-and-anonymity/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Avishek Kumar][a]
|
||||
译者：[译者ID](https://github.com/译者ID)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://www.tecmint.com/author/avishek/
|
||||
[1]:http://www.tecmint.com/tor-browser-for-anonymous-web-browsing/
|
||||
[2]:https://tails.boum.org/news/version_1.4/index.en.html
|
||||
[3]:http://dl.amnesia.boum.org/tails/stable/tails-i386-1.4/tails-i386-1.4.iso
|
||||
[4]:https://tails.boum.org/torrents/files/tails-i386-1.4.torrent
|
||||
[5]:https://tails.boum.org/download/index.en.html#verify
|
||||
[6]:http://www.tecmint.com/install-linux-from-usb-device/
|
||||
[7]:https://tails.boum.org/doc/index.en.html
|
||||
[8]:http://www.tecmint.com/install-virtualbox-on-redhat-centos-fedora/
|
||||
@ -0,0 +1,106 @@
|
||||
关于Docker容器的基础网络命令
|
||||
================================================================================
|
||||
各位好，今天我们将学习一些Docker容器的基础命令。Docker是一个提供了开放平台来打包、发布并以一个轻量级容器运行任意程序的开放平台。它没有语言支持、框架或者打包系统的限制，可在任何时间、任何地方在小到家用电脑大到高端服务器上运行。这使得在部署和扩展网络应用、数据库和终端服务时不依赖于特定的栈或者提供商。Docker注定是用于网络的如它正应用于数据中心、ISP和越来越多的网络服务。
|
||||
|
||||
因此，这里有一些你在管理Docker容器的时候会用到的一些命令。
|
||||
|
||||
### 1. 找到Docker接口 ###
|
||||
|
||||
Docker默认会创建一个名为docker0的网桥接口来连接外部的世界。docker容器运行时直接连接到网桥接口docker0。默认上，docker会分配172.17.42.1/16给docker0，它是所有运行容器ip地址的子网。得到Docker接口的ip地址非常简单。要找出docker0网桥接口和连接到网桥上的docker容器，我们可以在终端或者安装了docker的shell中运行ip命令。
|
||||
|
||||
# ip a
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### 2. 得到Docker容器的ip地址 ###
|
||||
|
||||
如我们上面读到的，docker在主机中创建了一个叫docker0的网桥接口。如我们创建一个心的docker容器一样，它自动被默认分配了一个在子网范围内的ip地址。因此，要检测运行中的Docker容器的ip地址，我们需要进入一个正在运行的容器并用下面的命令检查ip地址。首先，我们运行一个新的容器并进入。如果你已经有一个正在运行的容器，你可以跳过这个步骤。
|
||||
|
||||
# docker run -it ubuntu
|
||||
|
||||
现在，我们可以运行ip a来得到容器的ip地址了。
|
||||
|
||||
# ip a
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### 3. 映射暴露的端口 ###
|
||||
|
||||
要映射配置在Dockerfile的暴露端口，我们只需用下面带上-P标志的命令。这会打开docker容器的随机端口并映射到Dockerfile中定义的端口。下面是使用-P来打开/映射定义的端口的例子。
|
||||
|
||||
# docker run -itd -P httpd
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
上面的命令会映射Dockerfile中定义的httpd 80端口到容器的端口上。我们用下面的命令来查看正在运行的容器暴露的端口。
|
||||
|
||||
# docker ps
|
||||
|
||||
并且可以用下面的curl命令来检查。
|
||||
|
||||
# curl http://localhost:49153
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### 4. 映射到特定的端口上 ###
|
||||
|
||||
我们也可以映射暴露端口或者docker容器端口到我们指定的端口上。要实现这个，我们用-p标志来定义我们的需要。这里是我们的一个例子。
|
||||
|
||||
# docker run -itd -p 8080:80 httpd
|
||||
|
||||
上面的命令会映射8080端口到80上。我们可以运行curl来检查这点。
|
||||
|
||||
# curl http://localhost:8080
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### 5. 创建自己的网桥 ###
|
||||
|
||||
要给容器创建一个自定义的IP地址，在本篇中我们会创建一个名为bro的新网桥。要分配需要的ip地址，我们需要在运行docker的主机中运行下面的命令。
|
||||
|
||||
# stop docker.io
|
||||
# ip link add br0 type bridge
|
||||
# ip addr add 172.30.1.1/20 dev br0
|
||||
# ip link set br0 up
|
||||
# docker -d -b br0
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
创建完docker网桥之后，我们要让docker的守护进程知道它。
|
||||
|
||||
# echo 'DOCKER_OPTS="-b=br0"' >> /etc/default/docker
|
||||
# service docker.io start
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
到这里，桥接后的接口将会分配给容器新的在桥接子网内的ip地址。
|
||||
|
||||
### 6. 链接到另外一个容器上 ###
|
||||
|
||||
我们可以用Dokcer连接一个容器到另外一个上。我们可以在不容的容器上运行不同的程序，并且相互连接或链接。链接允许容器间相互连接并安全地从一个容器上传输信息给另一个容器。要做到这个，我们可以使用--link标志。首先，我们使用--name标志来表示training/postgres镜像。
|
||||
|
||||
# docker run -d --name db training/postgres
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
完成之后，我们将容器db与training/webapp链接来形成新的叫web的容器。
|
||||
|
||||
# docker run -d -P --name web --link db:db training/webapp python app.py
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
### 总结 ###
|
||||
|
||||
Docker网络很神奇也好玩，因为有我们可以对docker容器做很多事情。这里有些简单和基础的我们可以把玩docker网络命令。docker的网络是非常高级的。我们可以用它做很多事情。如果你有任何的问题、建议、反馈请在下面的评论栏写下来以便于我们我们可以提升或者更新文章的内容。谢谢！ 玩得开心！:-)
|
||||
|
||||
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|
||||
|
||||
via: http://linoxide.com/linux-how-to/networking-commands-docker-containers/
|
||||
|
||||
作者：[Arun Pyasi][a]
|
||||
译者：[geekpi](https://github.com/geekpi)
|
||||
校对：[校对者ID](https://github.com/校对者ID)
|
||||
|
||||
本文由 [LCTT](https://github.com/LCTT/TranslateProject) 原创翻译，[Linux中国](https://linux.cn/) 荣誉推出
|
||||
|
||||
[a]:http://linoxide.com/author/arunp/
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user